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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Supports activateurs“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Supports activateurs"
1
Czuba, Beata. "Social support for veterans." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 199, no. 1 (2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8106.
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The article aims to outline how mission-traumatized veterans perceive social support. Social support is an essential resource for an individual in coping with the difficulties in everyday life. The subject of the examination is quantitative research with veterans’ participation and own qualitative research – free interviews analyzed using the IPA (Individual Phenomenological Analysis) method. The obtained results indicate that social support can be considered in terms of a meta-resource that activates other vital resources of humans, thereby strengthening them in difficult situations. The expected support criteria are met by friendly self-help groups that can operate in military units and complement the help provided by professionals.
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Solmonson, Ashley, Brandon Faubert, Wen Gu, et al. "Compartmentalized metabolism supports midgestation mammalian development." Nature 604, no. 7905 (2022): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04557-9.
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AbstractMammalian embryogenesis requires rapid growth and proper metabolic regulation1. Midgestation features increasing oxygen and nutrient availability concomitant with fetal organ development2,3. Understanding how metabolism supports development requires approaches to observe metabolism directly in model organisms in utero. Here we used isotope tracing and metabolomics to identify evolving metabolic programmes in the placenta and embryo during midgestation in mice. These tissues differ metabolically throughout midgestation, but we pinpointed gestational days (GD) 10.5–11.5 as a transition period for both placenta and embryo. Isotope tracing revealed differences in carbohydrate metabolism between the tissues and rapid glucose-dependent purine synthesis, especially in the embryo. Glucose’s contribution to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rises throughout midgestation in the embryo but not in the placenta. By GD12.5, compartmentalized metabolic programmes are apparent within the embryo, including different nutrient contributions to the TCA cycle in different organs. To contextualize developmental anomalies associated with Mendelian metabolic defects, we analysed mice deficient in LIPT1, the enzyme that activates 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases related to the TCA cycle4,5. LIPT1 deficiency suppresses TCA cycle metabolism during the GD10.5–GD11.5 transition, perturbs brain, heart and erythrocyte development and leads to embryonic demise by GD11.5. These data document individualized metabolic programmes in developing organs in utero.
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Myers, Elizabeth A., and Linda Rinaman. "Trimethylthiazoline supports conditioned flavor avoidance and activates viscerosensory, hypothalamic, and limbic circuits in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 6 (2005): R1716—R1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00479.2004.
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Interoceptive stimuli modulate stress responses and emotional state, in part, via ascending viscerosensory inputs to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain. It is unclear whether similar viscerosensory pathways are recruited by emotionally salient exteroceptive stimuli, such as odors. To address this question, we investigated conditioned avoidance and central c-Fos activation patterns in rats exposed to synthetic trimethylthiazoline (TMT), an odiferous natural component of fox feces. Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats avoid consuming novel flavors that previously were paired with TMT exposure, evidence that TMT supports conditioned flavor avoidance. Experiment 2 examined central neural systems activated by TMT. Odor-naive rats were acutely exposed to low or high levels of TMT or a novel nonaversive control odor and were perfused with fixative 60–90 min later. A subset of rats received retrograde neural tracer injections into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) 7–10 days before odor exposure and perfusion. Brain sections were processed for dual-immunocytochemical detection of c-Fos and other markers to identify noradrenergic (NA) neurons, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons, and retrogradely labeled neurons projecting to the CeA. Significantly greater proportions of medullary and pontine NA neurons, hypothalamic CRH neurons, and CeA-projecting neurons were activated in rats exposed to TMT compared with activation in rats exposed to the nonaversive control odor. Thus the ability of TMT to support conditioned avoidance behavior is correlated with significant odor-induced recruitment of hypothalamic CRH neurons and brain stem viscerosensory inputs to the CeA.
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Pollak, Shaul, Shira Omer-Bendori, Eran Even-Tov, et al. "Facultative cheating supports the coexistence of diverse quorum-sensing alleles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 8 (2016): 2152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520615113.
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Bacterial quorum sensing enables bacteria to cooperate in a density-dependent manner via the group-wide secretion and detection of specific autoinducer molecules. Many bacterial species show high intraspecific diversity of autoinducer–receptor alleles, called pherotypes. The autoinducer produced by one pherotype activates its coencoded receptor, but not the receptor of another pherotype. It is unclear what selection forces drive the maintenance of pherotype diversity. Here, we use the ComQXPA system of Bacillus subtilis as a model system, to show that pherotype diversity can be maintained by facultative cheating—a minority pherotype exploits the majority, but resumes cooperation when its frequency increases. We find that the maintenance of multiple pherotypes by facultative cheating can persist under kin-selection conditions that select against “obligate cheaters” quorum-sensing response null mutants. Our results therefore support a role for facultative cheating and kin selection in the evolution of quorum-sensing diversity.
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Fraser, Lynn R. "Strontium supports capacitation and the acrosome reaction in mouse sperm and rapidly activates mouse eggs." Gamete Research 18, no. 4 (1987): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120180410.
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6
Grisan, Francesca, Martina Spacci, Carlotta Paoli, et al. "Cholesterol Activates Cyclic AMP Signaling in Metaplastic Acinar Cells." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030141.
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Cholesterol is a non-essential metabolite that exerts both structural and signaling functions. However, cholesterol biosynthesis is elevated, and actively supports, pancreatic carcinogenesis. Our previous work showed that statins block the reprogramming of mutant KRAS-expressing acinar cells, that spontaneously undergo a metaplastic event termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) to initiate carcinogenesis. Here we tested the impact of cholesterol supplementation on isolated primary wild-type acinar cells and observed enhanced ductal transdifferentiation, associated with generation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the induction of downstream protein kinase A (PKA). Inhibition of PKA suppresses cholesterol-induced ADM ex vivo. Live imaging using fluorescent biosensors dissected the temporal and spatial dynamics of PKA activation upon cholesterol addition and showed uneven activation both in the cytosol and on the outer mitochondrial membrane of primary pancreatic acinar cells. The ability of cholesterol to activate cAMP signaling is lost in tumor cells. Qualitative examination of multiple normal and transformed cell lines supports the notion that the cAMP/PKA axis plays different roles during multi-step pancreatic carcinogenesis. Collectively, our findings describe the impact of cholesterol availability on the cyclic AMP/PKA axis and plasticity of pancreatic acinar cells.
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Wu, Sheng-Shiung, Sing-Jie Jong, Kai Hu, and Jiann-Ming Wu. "Learning Neural Representations and Local Embedding for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Mapping." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9091017.
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This work explores neural approximation for nonlinear dimensionality reduction mapping based on internal representations of graph-organized regular data supports. Given training observations are assumed as a sample from a high-dimensional space with an embedding low-dimensional manifold. An approximating function consisting of adaptable built-in parameters is optimized subject to given training observations by the proposed learning process, and verified for transformation of novel testing observations to images in the low-dimensional output space. Optimized internal representations sketch graph-organized supports of distributed data clusters and their representative images in the output space. On the basis, the approximating function is able to operate for testing without reserving original massive training observations. The neural approximating model contains multiple modules. Each activates a non-zero output for mapping in response to an input inside its correspondent local support. Graph-organized data supports have lateral interconnections for representing neighboring relations, inferring the minimal path between centroids of any two data supports, and proposing distance constraints for mapping all centroids to images in the output space. Following the distance-preserving principle, this work proposes Levenberg-Marquardt learning for optimizing images of centroids in the output space subject to given distance constraints, and further develops local embedding constraints for mapping during execution phase. Numerical simulations show the proposed neural approximation effective and reliable for nonlinear dimensionality reduction mapping.
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Kolańczyk, Alina. "When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective." Polish Psychological Bulletin 47, no. 1 (2016): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0004.
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Abstract The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.
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Rafei, Moutih, Alexandre Rouette, Sylvie Brochu, Juan Ruiz Vanegas та Claude Perreault. "Differential effects of γc cytokines on postselection differentiation of CD8 thymocytes". Blood 121, № 1 (2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-05-433508.
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Abstract The primary consequence of positive selection is to render thymocytes responsive to cytokines and chemokines expressed in the thymic medulla. In the present study, our main objective was to discover which cytokines could support the differentiation of positively selected thymocytes. To this end, we have developed an in vitro model suitable for high-throughput analyses of positive selection and CD8 T-cell differentiation. The model involves coculture of TCRhiCD5intCD69− double-positive (DP) thymocytes with peptide-pulsed OP9 cells and γc-cytokines. We report that IL-4, IL-7, and IL-21 have nonredundant effects on positively selected DP thymocytes. IL-7 signaling phosphorylates STAT5 and ERK; induces Foxo1, Klf2, and S1pr1; and supports the differentiation of classic CD8 T cells. IL-4 activates STAT6 and ERK and supports the differentiation of CD8intPD-L1hiCD44hiEOMES+ innate CD8 T cells. IL-21 is produced by thymic epithelial cells and the IL-21 receptor-α is strongly induced on DP thymocytes undergoing positive selection. IL-21 signaling phosphorylates STAT3 and STAT5, but not ERK, and does not support CD8 T-cell differentiation. However, IL-21 has a unique ability to up-regulate BCL-6, expand DP thymocytes undergoing positive selection, and increase the production of mature T cells. Our data suggest that injection of recombinant IL-21 might enhance thymic output in subjects with age- or disease-related thymic atrophy.
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Shih, Han-Yu, William Olcott, and Michael Krangel. "Chromatin conformations and contacts that support Tcra/d locus rearrangement (62.2)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (2011): 62.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.62.2.
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Abstract The Tcra/d locus rearranges in DN thymocytes to assemble Tcrd genes and in DP thymocytes to assemble Tcra genes. We used 3D-FISH to show that the 3’ portion of the locus is contracted in both DN and DP thymocytes, whereas the 5’ portion is contracted in DN but decontracts in DP thymocytes. We proposed that the fully contracted conformation in DN thymocytes allows dispersed Vαs to be used in a single round of Vδ-Dδ-Jδ rearrangement, whereas the 3’-contracted, 5’-decontracted conformation in DP thymocytes allows for multiple rounds of Vα-to-Jα rearrangement initiating with 3' Vαs. For high resolution analysis, we used the 3C method to detect molecular interactions between different sites in the locus. The Tcra enhancer (Eα) activates the T early α promoter (TEA) to target 5’Jαs for initial rearrangement. Eα also activates proximal Vαs over 500 kb. We detected molecular interactions between Eα and TEA, between Eα and proximal Vαs, and between different proximal Vαs, in DP but not DN thymocytes. All pairwise interactions depended on Eα. With TEA deleted, Eα also interacted with downstream Jαs. We propose that Eα nucleates a chromatin hub that supports transcription and ordered Vα-to-Jα recombination. However, deletion of Eα does not impact Tcra/d locus 3’end contraction as measured by 3D-FISH. Thus, overall locus conformation is independent of Eα, but this conformation may facilitate Eα interactions with distant sites.