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Santandreu, Ramos Miguel, und Matamalas Rafael Lucena. „Marketing strategic of Supermarkets“. Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2583.
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Li, Jie. „Logistics management in supermarkets“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2004. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636659.
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Lloret, Eduard. „Analysis of energy usage in supermarkets : Representation and streamlining of the global supermarket energy system“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25132.
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The thesis performed in this research is focused on a particular type of energy system, energy systems in supermarkets. As supermarkets are high-energy using buildings, their energy system optimization has been investigated in recent years, with the main focus in the refrigeration system, which can take up to 50% of the total energy of the supermarket. However, the complexity and interconnections of the different systems increase the difficulty of the task. The aim of this work is to contribute in SuperSmart project, an EU project which main objective is to reduce the impact of the supermarket sector overall Europe, through the development of an ecolabel criteria. To simulate the energy use in supermarkets, CyberMart software is bring forward. This tool is used both to determine the parameters which have a higher impact in the supermarket energy system and perform energy representation based on those parameters. Finally, the design of the most energy efficient store is also presented. According to CyberMart, some of the most determinant parameters in the supermarket energy system are refrigeration capacities, plug in cabinets used, lights power, heating system technologies used and whether the cabinets are covered or not. Using some of these parameters plus other important characteristics from the store, two energy representations are performed. Whereas the quadratic representation provides the final results concerning heat or electricity demands with a high accuracy, the linear representation presents the increase or decrease of kWh per each parameter, enabling supermarkets owners to compare different parameters within the global system. It is concluded from these representations, which distinguish between heat recovery and floating condensing technologies, that the most important parameters in the global system are the temperature inside at winter and the refrigeration capacity. However, some unreasonable events appear, like the decline of electricity demand when the height of the building increases or the drop of heat demand with the rise of opening hours. These facts occur due to the high complexity of the global system, implying different connections between the sub-systems within CyberMart. Concerning the most energy efficient store located in Stockholm, the obtained results show the most energy efficient supermarket is composed by CO2 refrigeration and heating systems, and a R410_A air conditioning system. The optimal electricity use of each establishment size from large to small area is 382, 394, 390 and 281 kWh/m2*year respectively, with the highest values obtained in Supermarkets and Discount stores, due to their higher rate of refrigeration power per store area. Keywords: Supermarket, refrigeration system, SuperSmart, CyberMart, heating system, refrigeration capacity, plug in cabinets, lights power, heating system technology, covering of the cabinets, energy representation, heat recovery technology, floating condensing technology, air conditioning system, Discount store.
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Dou, Meng, und Esra Ekiz. „Differentiation through Aesthetics in Supermarkets“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71158.
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Background:This thesis strives to analyze aesthetic services used in supermarkets. Supermarkets facefierce competition and varied marketing dilemmas such as traditional marketing versusservice marketing. Nevertheless, encompassing elements from both traditionalmarketing, such as physical products, and service marketing, such as relationshipbuilding, supermarket management is challenging. Thus, it is crucial to understandconsumers’ perceptions for both services and products in order to satisfy their needs andwants and succeed in the market place. Therefore, this thesis offers a betterunderstanding of aesthetic elements used in supermarkets from customers’ perspective.Aim:The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the applications of aesthetics insupermarkets. It intends to examine and theorize the consumer perceptions regardingaesthetic elements applied in supermarkets; to test the differentiation strategy insupermarkets, through the usage of aesthetic elements, from consumers’ perspective.Definitions:Aestheticization of daily life: it can be seen as the extension of art or the appreciation ofart on daily life. It suggests ‘the collapse of the distinction between high art and massculture, leveling out of symbolic hierarchies and cultural declassification’ (Featherstone,2007). It reflects onto business through its emphasis on beauty, sensory appeals,pleasure consumption etc. Analyzing aesthetic applications in supermarkets from acustomer perspective, this thesis finds out that from both companies’ and consumers’perspective, these applications are based on aestheticization of daily life.Completion and Results:Aesthetic elements used in supermarkets are identified in the content analysis anddiscussed in the empirical study through focus group interviews. It is found out thataesthetic services indeed improve customer satisfaction. However, the fierce pricecompetition limits supermarkets’ services to instrumental rather than expressiveperformance. Moreover, utilized aesthetic services in supermarkets tend to bestandardized, due to benchmarking processes, in consumers’ eyes, causing theseservices to lose their value to be differentiated.
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PORTILLA, GUSTAVO FERNANDO DORREGARAY. „REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS SIMULATION IN SUPERMARKETS“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16197@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICODesenvolveu-se um modelo termodinâmico para cálculo do consumo energético e do impacto ambiental (LCCP e TEWI) em sistemas de refrigeração de supermercados para três diferentes configurações (expansão direta, fluido secundário e em cascata). O modelo termodinâmico trabalha solidário com o pacote de cálculo de propriedades REFPROP e determina diversos parâmetros de funcionamento do ciclo de refrigeração, tais como o COP e a capacidade de refrigeração. O modelo simula sistemas operando com substâncias puras ou misturas delas, podendo estas ser azeotrópicas ou não-azeotrópicas. Procede-se a uma análise do tipo BIN (Intervalo) a partir de informações climatológicas anuais de cada cidade e ao cálculo do consumo anual de energia para cada intervalo considerando-se o consumo do compressor, das bombas, se for o caso específico da utilização de fluido secundário, e também o consumo energético dos expositores frigoríficos. Realizou-se, também, uma análise da carga total (inventário) do refrigerante no supermercado. Finalmente, conhecidos o consumo energético anual, a massa total de refrigerante contido no sistema e estimativa de seu vazamento anual, e outros fatores ambientais, procedeu-se ao cálculo do LCCP (Life cycle climate performance) e do TEWI (Total equivalent warming impact), em quilogramas equivalentes de CO2. Um programa computacional, com interface baseada na plataforma Visual-Basic 6.0, com aplicações para Excel, foi desenvolvido para a solução dos sistemas de equações resultantes do modelo matémático desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos com o código computacional foram comparados com dados de campo e de outros modelos.
A thermodynamic model was developed for the evaluation of energy consumption and environmental impact (LCCP and TEWI) of supermarket refrigeration systems operating in three different configurations (direct expansion, secondary fluid and cascade). The model simulates refrigeration systems operating with pure substances or a mixture (azeotropic or non-azeotropic) of them. A BIN analysis is carried out taking into account year-round climate data for each city and the annual energy consumption, in each time interval, of each component: compressor, pumps, freezers and coolers. Refrigerant inventory was also calculated. Finally, with the annual energy consumption, total refrigerant charge, annual leakage estimate, environmental impact indicators LCCP (Life cycle climate performance) and TEWI (Total equivalent warming impact), in kilograms equivalent of CO(2), were calculated. A computational code, with interface based on Visual Basic 6.0 platform, was developed for the solution of the resulting systems of equations that form the mathematical model. Predicted results were compared with field data and with data predicted from other models.
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Harris, D. G. „The effects of microelectronics in supermarkets“. Thesis, Brunel University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354226.
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Ohannessian, Roupen. „Thermal Energy Storage Potential in Supermarkets“. Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140647.
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The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential of thermal energy storage in supermarkets with CO2 refrigeration systems. Suitable energy storage techniques are investigated and the seasonal storage technology of boreholes is chosen to be the focus of the study. The calculations are done for five supermarket refrigeration systems with different combinations of heating systems and borehole thermal energy storage control strategies. The two heating systems analyzed are the ground source heat pump and the heat recovery from the supermarket’s refrigeration system. The simulation results show that the introduction of thermal energy storage in the scenarios with heat pump can reduce the annual total energy by 6.3%. It is also shown that increasing the number of boreholes can decrease the life cycle cost of the system. Moreover, it is established that a supermarket system with heat recovery consumes 8.1% less energy than the one using heat pump and adding thermal energy storage on the heat recovery system further improves the energy consumption by 3.7% but may become costly.
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Hawthorne, Colin. „Energy conservation in swimming pools and supermarkets“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359655.
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LINDEN, CAROLINA VAN DER. „BUYING IN ELECTRONIC SUPERMARKETS: ARE THERE BARRIERS?“ PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5159@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO varejo é um dos segmentos industriais que mais tem sofrido mudanças nos últimos anos, graças ao advento das tecnologias de informação e de telecomunicações que revolucionaram o mercado. Nos últimos 50 anos os supermercados brasileiros evoluíram de sua primeira loja até as lojas eletrônicas. Por um lado, estas aparecem para suas proprietárias como soluções baratas para expansão. Por outro, alguns segmentos de consumidores têm muita resistência a fazer suas compras pela Internet. Muitas pessoas, usuárias de computador e de Internet, preferem ir à loja em vez de fazer suas compras pela web. A proposta deste trabalho foi realizar uma pesquisa exploratória sobre as razões que levam consumidores a não utilizarem o meio eletrônico no momento de fazer suas compras de supermercado. O objetivo foi atingido em etapas. Inicialmente os atributos característicos das lojas de supermercado foram levantados através de pesquisa de observação. A etapa seguinte foi a realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa com grupos de discussão, com a finalidade de estudar a interação dos consumidores com os sites de supermercados através do método da análise do conteúdo. Por último, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com uma amostra de consumidores, a fim de levantar e testar as barreiras. A análise dos dados obtidos na pesquisa comprovou que existem barreiras para que consumidores com acesso a computador e Internet façam compras de supermercado on- line, as quais podem ser trabalhadas pelo varejista através de mudanças em seu mix de marketing.
Retailing is an industrial segment which has changed much in the last few years because of the development of information and telecommunication technologies that brought up a revolution in the world. In the last 50 years, Brazilian supermarkets have evolved from the first brick- and-mortar store to ecommerce. On the one hand, electronic supermarkets seem like a cheap solution for the expansion of their companies. On the other, certain consumer segments have great resistance in doing their shopping on the Internet. Many people, regular computer and Internet-users, would rather go to the physical store than do their shopping in the website. The goal of this paper is to perform an exploratory research on the reasons why consumers do not use electronic media when they do their supermarket shopping. To achieve this goal we went through certain steps. First, the attributes of brick-and-mortar supermarkets were described by observatory research. The following step was a qualitative research with focus groups, with the objective of studying the interaction of consumers with supermarket websites done through discourse analysis. The last step was a quantitative research with a sample of consumers, to raise and test the barriers. The analysis of the data obtained showed the existence of barriers to online supermarket shopping for consumers with access to computers and the Internet. These barriers can be overcome by the retailer through a change in the marketing mix.
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Fredén, Daniel, und Hampus Larsson. „Forecasting Daily Supermarkets Sales with Machine Learning“. Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276483.
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Improved sales forecasts for individual products in retail stores can have a positive effect both environmentally and economically. Historically these forecasts have been done through a combination of statistical measurements and experience. However, with the increased computational power available in modern computers, there has been an interest in applying machine learning for this problem. The aim of this thesis was to utilize two years of sales data, yearly calendar events, and weather data to investigate which machine learning method could forecast sales the best. The investigated methods were XGBoost, ARIMAX, LSTM, and Facebook Prophet. Overall the XGBoost and LSTM models performed the best and had a lower mean absolute value and symmetric mean percentage absolute error compared to the other models. However, Facebook Prophet performed the best in regards to root mean squared error and mean absolute error during the holiday season, indicating that Facebook Prophet was the best model for the holidays. The LSTM model could however quickly adapt during the holiday season improved the performance. Furthermore, the inclusion of weather did not improve the models significantly, and in some cases, the results were worsened. Thus, the results are inconclusive but indicate that the best model is dependent on the time period and goal of the forecast.Förbättrade försäljningsprognoser för individuella produkter inom detaljhandeln kan leda till både en miljömässig och ekonomisk förbättring. Historiskt sett har dessa utförts genom en kombination av statistiska metoder och erfarenhet. Med den ökade beräkningskraften hos dagens datorer har intresset för att applicera maskininlärning på dessa problem ökat. Målet med detta examensarbete är därför att undersöka vilken maskininlärningsmetod som kunde prognostisera försäljning bäst. De undersökta metoderna var XGBoost, ARIMAX, LSTM och Facebook Prophet. Generellt presterade XGBoost och LSTM modellerna bäst då dem hade ett lägre mean absolute value och symmetric mean percentage absolute error jämfört med de andra modellerna. Dock, gällande root mean squared error hade Facebook Prophet bättre resultat under högtider, vilket indikerade att Facebook Prophet var den bäst lämpade modellen för att förutspå försäljningen under högtider. Dock, kunde LSTM modellen snabbt anpassa sig och förbättrade estimeringarna. Inkluderingen av väderdata i modellerna resulterade inte i några markanta förbättringar och gav i vissa fall även försämringar. Övergripande, var resultaten tvetydiga men indikerar att den bästa modellen är beroende av prognosens tidsperiod och mål.
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Gusinja, Bjeshka. „Analyzing and controlling food waste inside supermarkets.Evaluation of implemented prototype to connect supermarkets with charities. Case study: Kosovo’s supermarkets“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medieteknik (ME), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77924.
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Food waste is considered to be a big problem worldwide. Different research projects have been done within this area in order to find ways that can help reduce this problem. This thesis addresses the problem of food waste in the supermarkets of Kosovo, by identifying the amounts of food waste in 3 supermarkets of this region. In addition, it explores the possibility of connection between supermarkets and charity organizations by using a developed prototype that corresponds to the field of web technologies. The prototype is implemented based on the feedback of supermarket workers. Interviews with open-ended questions were realized with supermarket workers and charity organization workers in order to identify the best medium that can be used to connect them. The prototype is realized using Wordpress, and evaluated first using the SUS questionnaire. Furthermore, it is also evaluated by performing usability test with supermarket and charity organization workers. The participants were asked to perform different tasks during the evaluation. The study shows that the use of the developed prototype reduces the amount of food waste in supermarkets. Furthermore, it successfully connects charity organizations with supermarkets. In addition, it provides a new way of controlling expiry dates of items resulting in reduction of waste inside supermarkets.
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Hernant, Mikael. „Profitability performance of supermarkets : Effects of scale of operation, local market conditions, and conduct on the economic performance of supermarkets“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/778.htm.
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Arias, Jaime. „Energy Usage in Supermarkets - Modelling and Field Measurements“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217.
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Kirby, Audrey. „The architectural design of U.K. supermarkets 1950-2006“. Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2008. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/5091/.
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This thesis addresses the evolution of supermarket architecture in the UK from the period following the Second World War up to the present day. It records the history of this phenomenon and explores the relationship between the developing architectural design styles of supermarket buildings and the social economic and political changes that have influenced their design. Focusing on the main objectives the research progressed through interview, observation and the analysis of archive material towards an inquiry into the nature, and particular significance, of these buildings and their place in the field of retail commerce. In order to examine in depth the concept of supermarket architectural design, four case studies are presented, both to illustrate the evolution of store design and to demonstrate the complex processes involved in the design and the completion of specific developments. These studies of individual stores together present a clear picture of the many variable elements that must be considered in the design and construction of a supermarket building. The discussion and conclusions drawn from the research material, in particular the four case studies, records and demonstrates the substance and meaning of these and other supermarket buildings and the influences, both mandatory and elective, that are important and significant in their design and the design of the sites they occupy. The review of relevant literature supports the conclusion that this research presents new knowledge in a field as yet unexplored by academic study.
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Hartley, Mary. „Reward cards and customer loyalty in UK supermarkets“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243763.
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Wong, Ka-yu Aileen. „An exploratory study on the structural change of fresh produce industry in Hong Kong and its implications on business opportunities /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18836100.
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Baldwin, Graeme Reginald. „The factors affecting supermarket patronage turnover in Hong Kong“. Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18407626.
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Pulker, Claire Elizabeth. „A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Australian Supermarkets’ Corporate Social Responsibility Commitments to Public Health: The Case of Supermarket Own Brand Foods“. Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/76925.
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This PhD examined Australian supermarkets’ corporate social responsibility commitments that impact public health, and evidence of practical application, by analysing the contribution of supermarket own brand foods to Australian within-store food environments. A mixed-methods approach was used because so little was known about the topic. Findings from the eight included studies show how Australian supermarkets exert power over the food system and impact public health by the decisions they make.
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Sohrabi, Babak. „Solving large scale distribution problems using heuristic algorithms“. Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369654.
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Spyrou, Maria S. „Multi-scale analysis of the energy performance of supermarkets“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19598.
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The retail sector accounts for more than 3% of the total electricity consumption in the UK and approximately 1% of total UK CO2 emissions. The overarching aim of this project was to understand the energy consumption of the Tesco estate (the market leader), identify best practice, and find ways to identify opportunities for energy reduction. The literature review of this work covered the topic of energy consumption in the retail sector, and reviewed benchmarks for this type of buildings from the UK, Europe and the US. Related data analysis techniques used in the industry or presented in the literature were also reviewed. This revealed that there are many different analysis and forecasting techniques available, and that they fall into two different categories: techniques that require past energy consumption data in order to calculate the future consumption, such as statistical regression, and techniques that are able to estimate the energy consumption of buildings, based on the specific building's characteristics, such as thermal simulation models. These are usually used for new buildings, but they could also be used in benchmarking exercises, in order to achieve best practice guides. Gaps in the industry knowledge were identified, and it was suggested that better analytical tools would enable the industry to create more accurate energy budgets for the year ahead leading to better operating margins. Benchmarks for the organisation's buildings were calculated. Retail buildings in the Tesco estate were found to have electrical intensity values between 230 kWh/m2 and 2000 kWh/m2 per year. Still the average electrical intensity of these buildings in 2010-11 was found to be less than the calculated UK average of the 2006-07 period. The effect of weather on gas and electricity consumption was investigated, and was found to be significant (p < 0.001). There was an effect related to the day-of-the-week, but this was found to be more related to the sales volume on those days. Sales volume was a proxy that was used to represent the number of customers walking through the stores. The built date of the building was also considered to be an interesting factor, as the building regulations changed significantly throughout the years and the sponsor did not usually carry out any fabric work when refurbishing the stores. User behaviour was also identified as an important factor that needed to be investigated further, relating to both how the staff perceives and manages the energy consumption in their work environment, as well as how the customers use the refrigeration equipment. Following a statistical analysis, significant factors were determined and used to create multiple linear regression models for electricity and gas demands in hypermarkets. Significant factors included the sales floor area of the store, the stock composition, and a factor representing the thermo-physical characteristics of the envelope. Two of the key findings are the statistical significance of operational usage factors, represented by volume of sales, on annual electricity demand and the absence of any statistically significant operational or weather related factors on annual gas demand. The results suggest that by knowing as little as four characteristics of a food retail store (size of sales area, sales volume, product mix, year of construction) one can confidently calculate its annual electricity demands (R2=0.75, p < 0.001). Similarly by knowing the size of the sales area, product mix, ceiling height and number of floors, one can calculate the annual gas demands (R2=0.5, p < 0.001). Using the models created, along with the actual energy consumption of stores, stores that are not as energy efficient as expected can be isolated and investigated further in order to understand the reason for poor energy performance. Refrigeration data from 10 stores were investigated, including data such as the electricity consumption of the pack, outside air temperature, discharge and suction pressure, as well as percentage of refrigerant gas in the receiver. Data mining methods (regression and Fourier transforms) were employed to remove known operational patterns (e.g. defrost cycles) and seasonal variations. Events that have had an effect on the electricity consumption of the system were highlighted and faults that had been identified by the existing methodology were filtered out. The resulting dataset was then analysed further to understand the events that increase the electricity demand of the systems in order to create an automatic identification method. The cases analysed demonstrated that the method presented could form part of a more advanced automatic fault detection solution; potential faults were difficult to identify in the original electricity dataset. However, treating the data with the method designed as part of this work has made it simpler to identify potential faults, and isolate probable causes. It was also shown that by monitoring the suction pressure of the packs, alongside the compressor run-times, one could identify further opportunities for electricity consumption reduction.
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Bekker, Ryno. „The feasibility of getting books into South African supermarkets“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80494.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The book industry in South Africa is under severe pressure the last couple of years. The reason why the book industry in South Africa is under severe pressure is because of various reasons; one of the reasons is that the South African Government is spending less each year on education, specifically on school text books. As per the Willem Struik (2009) during the SABA conference in Durban, government has spend by more than 87% less on school text books. There is a further challenge for Publishers in order to generate more sales and that is that digitalization has a big impact on the turnover of publishers. The study is not doing an in-depth research on digitalisation and the impact thereof. The biggest impact that digitalisation has on the book industry and specific to publishers is that the gross profit is less for a digital book than a physical book. The main reason why the gross profit (GP) is less for a digital book is because all input costs remain the same for a digital and physical book, it is only the logistics where there is a cost saving (no more warehousing and physical distribution). The study analysis the potential additional revenue there is for publishers if they were to decide to supply to Supermarkets and not to the traditional book outlets only. The study as per Appendix A clearly indicates that there is definitely more revenue for the publishers to make if they were to supply books to supermarkets. The study also identifies that there are basically four role players in the business concept of supplying books to supermarkets and they are the publisher, retailer, logistics company and the end-consumer. The study indicates that in order for the business concept of supplying books to supermarkets to be successful all four role players have to believe in this concept and agree on the terms conditions from the various parties.
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Saghezchi, Fatemeh Bashashi. „Service quality assessment : a study of supermarkets and hypermarkets“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11547.
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Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialO presente estudo teve como objetivo a análise das perceções de qualidade de serviço para distintos formatos de retalho, em particular para supermercados e hipermercados. A qualidade do serviço é abordadacomo um conceito multidimensional, contemplando quatro dimensões: aspectos físicos, interação pessoal,fiabilidade e políticas.Desta forma, é possível investigar a existência de diferenças na contribuição de cada dimensãopara a percepção de qualidade de serviço pelo cliente, assim como para as sua lealdade e intenções de recomendar o serviço. O estudo foi realizado em Portugal, através de uma pesquisa abordando uma amostra de clientes de supermercados e hipermercados em áreas urbanas. A análise dos dados incidiu sobre 248 questionários completos e contemplou: a caracterização das percepções de qualidade dos clientes, a partir de estatística descritiva; a realização de testes de hipóteses para a investigação de diferenças nas percepções para supermercados e hipermercados; e a estimação de regressões para analisar o impacto das diferentes dimensões de qualidade para a satisfação e lealdade dos clientes. Os resultados apóiam a existência de diferenças na avaliação feita pelos clientes para a qualidade de serviço em supermercados e hipermercados.
This study provides an analysis of service quality perceptions across two distinct retail formats: supermarkets and hypermarkets. Service quality is addressed as a multidimensional concept, with four dimensions: physical aspects, personal interactions, reliability and policies. Such conceptualization enables the investigation of differences in the contribution of each dimension for overall service quality perception as well as for customer loyalty and recommendation intentions. The study was conducted in Portugal, and addressed a sample of hypermarket and supermarket customers. Data analysis addressed 248 complete questionnaires, and included: the characterization of service quality perceptions using descriptive statistics; the investigation of differences in customer perceptions across supermarkets and hypermarkets by means of hypothesis testing; and the estimation of regressions to analyze the impacts of the different service quality dimensions for customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results support the existence of differences in customer service quality evaluations across supermarket and hypermarket retail formats.
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Kullheim, Johan. „Field Measurements and Evaluation of CO2 Refrigeration Systems for Supermarkets“. Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-60884.
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In this thesis, three supermarket refrigeration systems are evaluated; two trans-critical DX CO2 systems and one R404A/CO2 cascade system. Field measurements of energy consumption, temperatures, pressures, and compressor motor frequency are made using the computer programs IWMAC and LDS. Calculations are performed using the program Refprop and performance data from the compressor manufacturer. The cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) are calculated and the analysis is made for a period of four months during the summer, June-September 2010, for all systems. The results show that the cascade system has a significantly lower value of COP than the trans-critical CO2 systems. This is due to the unusual design and control of the cascade system. The COP also drops because of the extra temperature levels and pumps present in this system. The use of floating condensation and the fact that no pumps are required for refrigerant circulation is beneficial for the trans-critical systems, resulting in higher COP. The operation of the heat recovery systems is investigated and the results suggest some differences in operation between the two trans-critical systems. The influence of system parasites like pumps and fans on system performance is also investigated for the three systems.
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Wood, Joel. „Generic Brands in Swedish Supermarkets : A study in Jönköpings Län“. Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12503.
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Generic brands have been part of the society for more than 30 years. The consumers of these brands have changed through the years and so have their reasons to buy them. Some questions can be raised: are generic brands perceived as low quality brands? Are low in-come people the consumers of generic brands? There-fore, this study is aimed to discover the factors that in-fluence consumer decisions on purchasing generic brands along with consumer characteristics based on the Swedish supermarkets in Jönköpings Län.
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Tran, Tram Anh Nguyen, Joel Wood und Gomez Roberto Alejandro Orozco. „Generic Brands in Swedish Supermarkets : A study in Jönköpings Län“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12503.
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Generic brands have been part of the society for more than 30 years. The consumers of these brands have changed through the years and so have their reasons to buy them. Some questions can be raised: are generic brands perceived as low quality brands? Are low in-come people the consumers of generic brands? There-fore, this study is aimed to discover the factors that in-fluence consumer decisions on purchasing generic brands along with consumer characteristics based on the Swedish supermarkets in Jönköpings Län.
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Silva, Pedro Marcos de Oliveira. „Customer satisfaction of neighborhood supermarkets in the city of Fortaleza“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3545.
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O presente trabalho foi realizado na cidade de Fortaleza/Ce, e tem como objetivo analisar o nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo, a partir do ponto de vista dos consumidores, da qualidade dos serviÃos disponibilizados pelos supermercados de vizinhanÃa. Foi aplicado um estudo de natureza exploratÃria, utilizando-se um referencial bibliogrÃfico, de autores clÃssicos do marketing, revistas e periÃdicos especÃficos, discorrendo as teorias que contemplam o varejo, e particularmente os supermercados. Foi realizada tambÃm pesquisa de campo, com o levantamento de dados primÃrios atravÃs da aplicacao de questionÃrios com amostra de 400 consumidores, que analisou o seu nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo e as variÃveis empregadas pelo consumidor, para efeito de definiÃÃo do supermercado. Os resultados obtidos, a partir deste trabalho de pesquisa, foram suficientes para obtenÃÃo de seus objetivos. Os consumidores demonstraram um sentimento de satisfaÃÃo, embora nÃo tenha atingido a excelÃncia, quanto a qualidade do mix de serviÃos que os supermercados disponibilizam, considerando-o positivo e semelhantes aos existentes nas grandes redes, exercendo grande influencia na sua decisÃo de compra. As conclusÃes que foram extraÃdas sinalizaram que o supermercado de vizinhanÃa està consolidado pois os consumidores estÃo respondendo positivamente a este formato de loja e que os fatores relevantes, para a definiÃÃo do supermercado,em ordem de prioridade sÃo preÃos, localizaÃÃo e variedade de produtos.
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Filho, Umberto Antonio Sesso. „O setor supermercadista no Brasil nos anos 1990“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11072003-140924/.
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O setor supermercadista no Brasil passou por profundas transformações na década de 1990 tais como o processo de consolidação das maiores empresas, automação comercial e uso de transferência eletrônica de informações. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o impacto das modificações deste setor sobre a economia utilizando a teoria insumo-produto. Para tanto, o novo setor Supermercados foi desagregado do setor Comércio na matriz de insumo-produto do Brasil para os anos de 1990, 1995 e 1999 e os indicadores econômicos referentes à geração de emprego, renda, produção e impostos e índices de ligações intersetoriais foram calculados para todos os setores da economia. Para os anos de 1995 e 1999 também foi aplicada uma nova metodologia para análise setorial do varejo, a qual consiste em incorporar os valores a preços básicos das mercadorias comercializadas como custos operacionais do setor supermercadista. Além disso, foi estimado o produto interno bruto setorial do novo setor Supermercados para os anos indicados anteriormente. As principais conclusões da pesquisa são de que o setor Supermercados apresenta grande importância na geração de emprego, renda, produção e imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e serviços (ICMS) para o período 1990-1999 e o PIB setorial é de aproximadamente 5% do produto interno bruto nacional. Para o ano de 1999, valores obtidos pela nova proposta metodológica, os supermercados eram capazes de gerar 154 empregos totais, cerca de R$ 400 mil em salários e R$ 110 mil em impostos (ICMS) para uma variação da demanda final de um milhão de reais. O maior impacto da variação da produção dos supermercados em termos de geração de emprego, renda e produção ocorre sobre os setores Agropecuária, Outros produtos alimentares, Beneficiamento de produtos vegetais, Indústria de laticínios, Comércio, Serviços prestados às famílias e Aluguel de imóveis. O impacto sobre a Agropecuária e indústria de alimentos ocorre principalmente por efeito indireto e sobre os setores de serviços por efeito induzido. Outras indústrias passam a indicar maior influência das vendas dos supermercados sobre sua produção, emprego e renda, principalmente Artigos plásticos, Artigos do vestuário e Serviços prestados às empresas. Isto indica a diversificação dos produtos comercializados pelos supermercados com itens não-alimentos, principalmente com a abertura de hipermercados, e maiores gastos com propaganda e outros serviços prestados às empresas.The Supermarket sector in Brazil went through deep transformations in the decade of 1990, such as: a) the process of consolidation of the largest companies; b) commercial automation; and c) use of electronic transfer of information. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of the modifications occurred in this sector on the economy, using the input-output theory. To do so, the new Supermarkets sector were extracted from the Trade sector of the input-output matrix of Brazil for the years 1990, 1995 and 1999 and the economic indicators referring to the employment, income, production, taxes, and inter-sector linkages were calculated for all the sectors of the economy. For the years 1995 and 1999 a new methodology was also applied for sectorial analysis of the supermarket sector, which consists of incorporating the values, at basic prices, of the goods traded as operational costs in the Supermarket sector. Besides, the sectorial gross domestic product (GDP) of the new Supermarket sector was estimated for the years indicated previously. The main conclusions of the research are that the Supermarket sector is an important one in generating employment, income, production and sales taxes (ICMS) for the period 1990-1999. The GDP of the Supermarket complex is of approximately 5% of the national GDP. For the year of 1999, values obtained using the new methodology show that the supermarkets were capable to generate, for a variation of R$ 1 million of the final demand: a) 154 new jobs; b) R$ 400 thousand in wages; and c) R$ 110 thousand in taxes (ICMS). The largest impact of the variation of the supermarkets production in terms of employment generating, income and production occurs on the following sectors: a) Agricultural; b) Other Food Products; c) Processing of Vegetable Products; d) Dairy Industry; e) Trade; f) Services Rendered to Families; and g) Rents. The impact on the Agricultural and Food industry happens mainly by indirect effect and on the sectors of services by induced effect. Other industries started to indicate a larger influence of the sales of the supermarkets on its production, employment and income, mainly in Plastic Goods, Clothing and Services Rendered to the Companies. This indicates: a) the diversification of the products marketed by the supermarkets, mainly non-food items, related with the opening of hypermarkets; and b) larger expenses with marketing and other services rendered to the companies.
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Eiseman, John. „Strategies for small business education and training : a case study in the independent supermarket industry in Australia /“. [Sydney] : University of Western Sydney, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030811.161842/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons)) --University of Westen Sydney, 1997."A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science (Honours)" Accompanied by : Current concerns, future outlook and training needs of independent supermarket retailers / John Eiseman.1994. Bibliography: p. 134-142.
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Tatum, Lucian L. III. „Typological mutability and the supermarket“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23074.
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Chow, Hoi-lai, und 周海麗. „Supermarket: a place for greenconsumption?“ Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543081.
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Over the decades the concept of green consumption has been discussed with sustainable consumption, green behavior, eco-citizenship and sustainable patterns and lifestyles. Various environmental problems like global warming, pollution, shortage of natural resources and climate change threatened the sustainability of the environment and our survival. There is an increasing demand from scholars and society for the change of human behavior to help reduce the environmental impact.
This study aims to investigate how supermarket influences the daily consumption in a sustainable way through the concept of green marketing in terms of green product management, green packaging, green promotion, green pricing, green logistics and green labeling. That means, a supermarket is not only a place to provide green products but also influence the culture of green consumption through the efforts of designing environmentally friendly facilities and strategies. In real life practice, there are constraints and challenges to encourage green consumption in the community.
Through literature review, interview and surveys, the study investigates the kinds of products and facilities which have been used in Hong Kong supermarkets and consumers’ perception and knowledge of environmentally friendly products and services. Through exploration of overseas case studies, insights on common sustainable practices were identified and how overseas’ best practices can be adopted or modified in Hong Kong were discussed. The surveys with Wellcome/Three Sixty/MarketPlace by Jasons and the general public illustrate how supermarket can promote sustainable and green consumption in Hong Kong and the progress of achievement. The study ends with suggestions on how joint-efforts from the various stakeholders in the society can facilitate green consumption. These include public participation, green initiatives of supermarkets, price incentive, promotion and government’s support to encourage pro-environmental behavior.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Steenhuis, Ingrid Hendrika Margaretha. „Feasibility and effectiveness of environmental interventions in worksite cafeterias and supermarkets“. [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2002. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5987.
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Arvidsson, Aida, und Lina Hassani. „Design of a Smart Cart App for Automated Shopping in Supermarkets“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20566.
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I dagens samhälle blir många saker smartare, främst med hjälp av Internet of Things.En överblick på smart shopping visar att flera alternativa sätt att shoppa på harintroducerats under de senaste åren för att förbättra och effektivisera shopping. Någraav dessa är online-shopping och självtjänster som inkluderar självutcheckningar ochhandhållna skannrar. Detta har varit ett framgångsrikt tillvägagångssätt, vilket kanses av det faktum att en av de största dagligvaruhandelskedjorna i Sverige, ICA, har1,5 miljoner kunder i sitt lojalitetsprogram där cirka 30% av dessa använderhandhållna skannrar. Dessa 30% ger cirka 60% av ICAs totala intäkter i några avderas största butiker. En av de stora utmaningarna med självbetjäning är dock att deär mycket dyrt, då ett system för en genomsnittlig butik i Sverige kan kosta cirka 1,5miljoner SEK. Detta gör det svårt för mindre butiker att erbjuda denna tjänst. Ett sättatt överkomma detta kan vara att skapa en applikation för smartphone-shopping(Smart Cart-app) med en användarcentrerad design, som med största sannolikhetsänker kostnader samt sparar tid. Tidigare forskning har visat försök på liknandeteknologies, men vissa av dessa hade begränsningar i presentationen av sin design ochanvändardata/användarforskning. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka möjlighetenatt utforma en Smart Cart-applikationsprototyp med en användarcentrerad designbaserad på Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) för att utvidga på tidigare förslag.Användardata, som har analyserats för att hitta viktiga punkter och önskemål idesign, har samlats in genom ett frågeformulär med 275 deltagare och intervjuer med3 personer. Denna data har använts tillsammans med information från enlitteraturöversikt för att utforma prototypen för Smart Cart-appen, som är envisualisering av studieresultaten. Prototypen stöds av en analys som visar varför det ärviktigt att involvera användare i designprocessen och vad som bör beaktas när mangör detta. Studien fann också en begäran efter en sådan app, då exempelvis 51,7% avsjälvscannande kunder skulle överväga att använda den. Dessutom stöder resultatenockså det faktum att om användaren accepterar och har en bekantskap med vissafunktioner i applikationen, är de mer benägna till att ta an applikationen. Majoritetenav deltagarna har en positiv inställning till applikationer inom smart shopping och harliknande önskemål om funktioner och utseende.Slutligen behövs framtida forskning om olika aspekter och synpunkter förvidareutveckling av Smart Cart-applikationen och andra liknande applikationerIn today's society, many things are becoming smarter, mostly with the help of theInternet of Things. Taking a look at smart shopping, several optional ways of shoppinghave been introduced in recent years to enhance and streamline shopping. Some ofthese are online shopping and self-services which include self-checkouts and handheldscanners. This has been a successful approach, which can be seen by the fact that oneof the biggest grocery shopping chains in Sweden called ICA has 1.5 million customersin their loyalty program where around 30% of these use handheld scanners. These30% bring about 60% of ICAs total revenue in some of their biggest stores. However,one of the major challenges with self-services is that they are very expensive, as asystem for an average sized store in Sweden can cost around 1.5 million SEK, whichmakes it difficult for smaller stores to offer this service. A way of combating this couldbe to create a smartphone shopping application (Smart Cart app) with a user-centereddesign, which has a strong likelihood to lower the costs as well as save time. Previousresearch has shown attempts of similar technologies, however, some of these hadlimitations in the presentation of their design and user research. This study aims toexplore the possibility of designing a Smart Cart application prototype with auser-centered approach based on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to extend uponprevious proposals.User data, which has been analyzed to find key points in design, has been gathered bya questionnaire with 275 participants and interviews with 3 people. This data has beenused together with information from a literature review in order to design the SmartCart app prototype, which is a visualisation of the study results. The prototype issupported by an analysis which shows why it is important to involve users in thedesign process and what should be considered when doing so. The study also found adesire for such an app as, for instance, 51.7% of self-scanning customers wouldconsider using it. In addition, results also support that when users accept and arefamiliar with certain functionalities in applications, they are more likely to adopt theapplication. The majority of the participants have a positive attitude towardsapplications in smart shopping and have similar desires of functions and appearance.Lastly, future research is needed on different aspects and point of views for furtherdevelopment of the Smart Cart application and other similar applications.
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Ruggero, Giada <1995>. „Human Nature and Mind Games. Analysis of Consumer Behaviour in Supermarkets“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15468.
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On Saturday, as Bauman would say, families go to the supermarket, and what influence them to buy a certain type of product instead of others for the week? Are they persuaded by the list of ingredients in products or tricks coming from companies and supermarkets?
Daily life repeats itself. Habits and routine make it up. In the performance of everyday stuff, we rely on patterns, making our conduct semiautomatic. We are unconscious of many activities we accomplish every day. In the unconscious part of the brain, the deepest, reside dreams, unfulfilled desires. Our brain cannot work continuously. According to Kahneman, we can refer to two mental systems to define the ways of thinking of people: «automatic system» and «reflective system». Human nature is shaped further by emotions, social relations, life experiences and common sense. These factors help people feel like they are part of a group. Believing in the same things and feeling empathy mean belonging to a community, sharing something together. Decisions are made by individuals in everyday life, without external persuasions according to human nature.
Companies use “mind games” to persuade us, through emotions (happiness, nostalgia, etc...), and lead us to buy a certain brand instead of another. Mind plays a key role. Affirming that a food is natural and of high quality does not make it such, but the unusual presentation on plates and trays and the confidence in those who propose it can get to disguise the reality. In the game of seduction, the consumer carried out an active role. The appetite of consumption is increased by continuous exposure to new temptations and the creation of a state of excitement and dissatisfaction. Recalling his attention, such as through the promotion of products, a need or desire is confirmed and the possibility to satisfy it. Furthermore, supermarkets attract the attention of consumers with psychological tricks, such as airy decompression at the entrance to make consumers relax, offers that remain in the subconscious (prompting purchase later), related products are placed close together to encourage impulse purchase, red stickers make us think the price has been cut (even if it is not true). These tricks persuade us and lead us to buy also products that we do not need.
An analysis of the human nature and the persuasions in the processes of decision-making in everyday life, with reference to supermarket products.
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Cheng, Yin Ling Christabel. „Store environment as a critical determinant of consumers' behavior : the case of supermarkets in Shanghai“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/247.
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Gimenez, Gavarrell Pau. „Guidelines of how to instrument, measure and evaluate refrigeration systems in supermarkets“. Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41539.
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Sawaf, Sahm. „Investigation of current wind lobby layout on energy consumption within food supermarkets“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75016/.
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Energy consumption due to constant opening and closing of external doors is a source of heat loss in food supermarkets. With the emphasis on energy efficiency in buildings increasing rapidly through various government's legislations and rise in energy prices, reducing heat loss through the doorways by constructing a wind lobby has become the norm. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the current wind lobby layout in supermarkets and their benefits for energy consumption through in-situ measurement, analysis and numerical modelling of a wind lobby. Measurements over one year in an operational supermarket wind lobby showed that electric energy consumption of the air curtain significantly increased from 19% of the total HVAC's electric energy consumption for the whole year to 61 % between October and January. The electric energy consumption of the air curtain was found to increase month on month in winter whilst the average temperature across the doorway decreased for the same period. Although cold snaps in winter months were detected, a correlation between the electric energy consumption of the air curtain and temperature did not exist. To estimate heat flow across a sliding doorway, a controlled experiment was undertaken in a different building without footfall to provide boundary conditions and validation for a numerical model of the wind lobby. The steady state CFD model results showed that the factors affecting the increase in heat loss were the door's opening size, indoor I outdoor temperature difference and the inlet wind speed which were the same whether the air curtain was switched off or on. This meant that the air curtain did not function as intended to contain heat in the lobby. However the air flow pattern was more complex when the air curtain was on and it dominated the air flow near the top of the doorway. A door to the back of the wind lobby was introduced in the CFD model to test cross ventilation. When the air curtain was switched on, it did not function as intended and failed to contain heat inside the lobby. When the indoor outdoor temperature difference and inlet air velocity increased, the volumetric temperature in the lobby was reduced by over 70%. Findings from the CFD model suggest that reducing the impact of the outdoor wind speed on the air curtain will reduce heat loss at the doorway. A system to shield the doors and yet allow easy access to customers such as baffles needs to be tested and assessed.
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Mirbashiri, Clara, und Linnea Möller. „The Power of Signs : How Recommendation Signs Affect Consumer Behavior at Supermarkets“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172271.
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Background/Problematization: Many purchase decisions are made in-store and one wayof influencing the decision making process is through signs. Signs are said to drawattention to the product on which they are placed and result in increased sales. Sale signsare widely used to influence purchase decisions, but are there other types of signs that canimpact the purchase decision? Recommendations have also shown to affect consumer’spurchase decisions. However, most of the research within the subject have been done on thepower of social influences from friends and family, e.g. strong-tie relationships. Howrecommendations from experts (e.g. weak-tie relationships) can influence purchases is lessresearched, especially which type of recommendation sign have the most effect. Purpose: The purpose is to examine and map how different types of signs on shelvesrelated to staff recommendations for specific products affect their sales. Method: The scientific approach of the study is deductive and the corresponding researchmethod is a quantitative study with an experimental design and a descriptive focus. Anexperiment was executed in a supermarket on 28 products to test stimuli with differentlevels of information concerning staff recommendations with the use of signs. Result/Conclusion: The result showed only one stimuli to have significantly increasedsales. The stimuli consisted of adding a name of a specific staff member to therecommendation sign. The increase in sales might however have been caused by otherfactors than the applied sign as the outbreak of Covid-19 resulted in changed consumerbehavior at the time of the experiment. The results showed that no significant differences insales could be seen according to the number of alternatives each product had. This mighthowever be a result of the tampered data caused by the changed consumer behavior.
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Marx-Pienaar, Nadene J. M. M. „Customer service as an indication of service quality in South African supermarkets“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23087.
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Today’s consumers demand much more than quality products – they also value the service that is provided in the retail environment highly (Arnold, 2003:78; Samson&Little, 1993:390) From retailers’ perspective, customer service may have become the only way to differentiate them from competitors because the products that they offer often differ insignificantly from one store to another. Excellent customer service therefore may be the only opportunity to attract and to attain customers to the extent that it results in store loyalty. Unfortunately limited research could be found on customer service that would conquer the hearts and wallets of consumers in specific retail settings for the sake of store loyalty. Extant research mostly address single, very specific elements of customer service or customer service in general in terms of its effect on buyer behavior or store patronage in general. It was proposed that retailers could enhance customers’ repeat purchase behaviour if they could successfully increase customer satisfaction through improved service quality. In order to identify the elements of customer service that are considered crucial in terms of excellent customer service and repeat purchase behaviour, an attempt was made to determine why consumers often divide their purchases across different supermarkets that apparently stock the same goods. The research thus required the identification of the elements of customer service that individually and/or collectively affect consumers’ preference for specific supermarket/s and their probable repeat purchase behaviour. This study also explored how consumers rate the service of supermarkets and attempted to make suggestions in terms of how retailers could improve customer service to ensure consumer loyalty. The systems theory approach was used to guide discussions, as it enabled a study and understanding of the sequence, relationship and interdependency of fundamental elements of customer service (as subsystems ) within a larger complex system (retail environment). The cognitive perspective was incorporated in the discussion of the elements of customer service as it enabled the understanding of customers’ interpretation of customer service. Participants were recruited by means of snowball sampling within the area of Pretoria East in the geographical area of Tshwane. In this area, major supermarkets are located within close proximity, which is conducive for shop hopping. It was required that participants either resided and/or shopped in the specific area; they were from LSM groups 5 and higher; older than 25 years, but no requirements were set in terms of race or gender. A quantitative data collection method was used (a survey: questionnaire). A qualitative data collection technique (focus group discussions) was however implemented beforehand to include every day constructs and to include additional constructs that might have been overseen. It became evident that consumers apparently patronage different supermarkets on a regular basis and that the customer service of some of the supermarkets are viewed significantly better than others. The elements of customer service that are more severely criticized seem to be mostly PROCESS and PERSONNEL related. Through factor analysis and linear regression, three elements of customer service were identified as those that are apparently regarded crucial in terms of excellent customer service. Two familiar elements, namely PROCESSES and PERSONNEL as well as a newly structured element, namely VALUE FOR MONEY was identified to design a model that depicts the elements of customer service that were identified to be crucial in terms of excellent customer service.Dissertation (M (Consumer Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Consumer Science
unrestricted
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Megale, Tiago Matsuoka. „Supermarkets and private standards of sustainability: the responsibility to protect without protectionism“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/22074.
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The current international economic scenario is characterized by the presence of an increasing number of multinational enterprises, the formation of global value chains and the creation of transnational regulatory networks. These phenomena contribute to the erosion of the State regulatory capacity and generate questions about how to regulate the structures created by private actors. The aim of this research is to analyze to which extent private standards of sustainability imposed by supermarkets protect common values as the human life or health instead of constituting disguised restrictions to trade. Sustainability standards constitute initiatives that can be welcome on a CSR perspective, but can be protectionist on trade transactions. These standards stand on a legal vacuum as the multilateral trade system centered on the WTO does not directly regulate the conduct of private actors. This legal vacuum is fulfilled by the OECD regulatory structure on CSR that reflects the global expansion of corporate social responsibility and the proposed business cases for CSR. The analysis and the case studies disclosed that the essence of the aforementioned standards can be determined through the limited scope of WTO treaties that regulate non-tariff barriers to trade and the search of coherence between supermarkets’ sustainability policies and OECD rules. This dissertation also calls for the deepening of the international sustainability agenda that goes beyond the classical economic, environmental and social pillars to encompass principles of good governance.
O atual cenário econômico é caracterizado pela presença de um número crescente de empresas multinacionais, da formação de cadeias globais de valor e da criação de redes regulatórias transnacionais. Esses fenômenos contribuem para a erosão da capacidade regulatória do Estado e geram questões sobre como regular as estruturas criadas por atores privados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar em que medida padrões privados de sustentabilidade impostos por supermercados protegem valores comuns como a vida e a saúde humana ao invés de constituírem restrições disfarçadas ao comércio. Os padrões de sustentabilidade constituem iniciativas que podem ser bem-vindas em uma perspectiva de responsabilidade social e corporativa (RSC), mas podem ser protecionistas em transações comerciais. Esses padrões estão em um vácuo jurídico na medida em que o sistema multilateral de comércio centrado na OMC não regula diretamente a conduta de atores privados. Este vácuo jurídico é preenchido pela estrutura regulatória da OCDE sobre responsabilidade social e corporativa que reflete a expansão global da responsabilidade social e corporativa e os casos de negócios para RSC propostos. A análise e os estudos de caso revelaram que a essência dos padrões acima mencionados pode ser determinada por meio do escopo limitado dos tratados da OMC que regulam barreiras não-tarifárias ao comércio e da busca de coerência entre políticas de sustentabilidade dos supermercados e as regras da OCDE. Esta dissertação também sugere o aprofundamento da agenda internacional de sustentabilidade, a qual deve ir além dos clássicos pilares ambiental, econômico e social para também abranger princípios de boa governança.
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Fiala, Tomáš. „Specifika privátních značek“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206110.
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The thesis deals with the phenomenon of retail chains´ private labels and their specifics. The aim is to determine which retailers occupy the leading position on the private brand food market and through qualitative research eventually define whether there is a difference in the quality of comparable private brands that are currently being offered by the retail chains. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the definition of the brand concept, its functions and specifics and on the general concept of private brand market. I also characterize the retail market in the Czech Republic and its own brands among the retail chains.
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Hastwell, Kim. „An investigation of the literacy and numeracy requirements and demands of entry-level supermarket work“. Click here to access resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/752.
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The nature and role of workplace literacy and numeracy are the subject of considerable debate (Baker, 1998; Castleton, 2002; Gee & Lankshear, 1997; Hull, 1997; Jackson, 2000; Marr & Hagston, 2007). The debate in New Zealand, (as in many other countries), is taking place amid concerns about the adequacy of the skills of its workforce and the latter’s ability to meet future demands of everyday work and life (Tertiary Education Commission, 2008). These concerns have resulted in major investment at a national level in a Skills Strategy (New Zealand Government, 2008) with particular emphasis on improving adult literacy and numeracy levels. However, Castleton (2002) suggests that conceptualising literacy as a skill ignores the reality of workplaces which, she suggests, consist of communities of workers who engage in purposeful communication and who possess and use different skills and knowledge in complementary ways, while Hull (1997) believes that too great an emphasis is placed on literacy, particularly in low skilled work. I teach on a programme for students with limited English literacy and numeracy proficiency. A common entry point into the workforce for current and past learners from the programme is entry-level supermarket work. However there is limited information available about the literacy and numeracy pre-requisites for this type of work or the literacy and numeracy demands placed on those in employment. In seeking to contribute to the body of knowledge about low skilled work in general and entry-level supermarket work in particular, research was carried out in a large, busy, suburban supermarket. The study was underpinned by the belief that both literacy and numeracy are social practices which cannot be separated from the contexts in which they occur. It adopted an ethnographic approach and was conducted through semi-structured interviews with supermarket managers and entry-level workers/supermarket assistants; observation of assistants during induction and at work; and analysis of some significant supermarket documentation. Findings indicate that, while literacy and numeracy are generally not considered to be important pre-requisites for entry-level supermarket work, supermarket assistants are exposed to highly context-specific literacy texts and ‘embedded’ and invisible numeracy demands at induction and during parts of their working day. The findings have significance for the teaching of literacy and numeracy in vocational training programmes. They indicate that off-site programmes have an important role to play in providing a learning foundation but also point to the importance of, and need for, workplace-specific, on-the-job literacy and numeracy training.
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Bolmstedt, Svanqvist Alma, und Malin Carlén. „Visual merchandising of organic versus non-organic products in supermarkets : A study of Coop, Willys and ICA“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28524.
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Abstract Title: Visual merchandising of organic versus non-organic products in supermarkets Authors: Alma Bolmstedt Svanqvist & Malin Carlén Supervisor: Mikael Hilmersson Examiner: Thomas Helgesson Level: Bachelor thesis - Marketing Keywords: Visual merchandising, Supermarkets, Groceries, Organic food. Research question: ”How and why do supermarkets distinguish and implement the presentation and visual merchandising of organic food from non-organic food?” Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide new theoretical contribution of how the major food chains are working with visual merchandising and specifically how they differentiate organic products from non-organic products. This is to increase understanding of the specific topic for future research as well as for established and new companies that enter the organic food market. Methodology: This study is based on a combining research approach, which includes both a deductive and an inductive approach to answer the developed research question.Frame of references: Previously research regarding theories of consumer behaviour, Visual merchandising, Sensory marketing and visual elements and visual merchandising techniques are presented. Empirical findings: Primary data was collected and presented from three Swedish supermarkets. Analysis: The analysis compares the collected empirical data with the theoretical framework. Conclusion: The findings shows that the supermarkets studied in some areas distinguish between organic and non-organic products when planning the product presentation. However, the empirical result does confirm that those supermarkets do invest in organic products and that they are trying to increase the sales. A conclusion can also be made that much effort are invested in the planning process of visual merchandising.
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Hägg, Cecilia. „Ice Slurry as Secondary Fluid in Refrigeration Systems : Fundamentals and Applications in Supermarkets“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energy Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-478.
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This thesis summarises the work performed within the project known as ICE-COOL at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) on low tem-perature applications of ice slurry. The ICE-COOL project is a Euro-pean Community funded project within the 5th Framework Program. The task given to KTH was to find and characterize the best possible aqueous solution with a freezing point of -25 °C applicable for ice slurry with an operating temperature of -35 °C. The circumstances differ for low temperature ice slurry from medium temperature as a result of for example the change in thermo-physical properties due to increased addi-tive concentration and the lower temperature.
Ice slurry is a mixture of fine ice crystals, water and freezing point de-pressant additives. The typical ice crystal size ranges between 0.1 to 1 mm in diameter. The main purpose of using ice slurries is to take advan-tage of the latent heat. More than a few requirements are to be fulfilled by an ideal ice slurry fluid. It should have good thermo-physical proper-ties, high heat transport and transfer abilities, as well as low pressure drop to facilitate small pumping power. The ice content of ice slurry af-fects all the mentioned abilities. Apart from the mentioned factors of the fluid, there are other aspects that have to be taken into consideration such as environmental pollution and toxicity, flammability, material compatibility, corrosion, handling security and cost.
This thesis reports on the experiences accomplished and the initial ex-periments performed on low temperature ice slurry. The thesis also gives the background and fundamentals necessary for a discussion and com-parison of different aqueous fluids suitable for ice slurry in general and for low temperature in particular. In addition to the low temperature ap-plication, the thesis also reports on an initial energy consumption com-parison between using ice slurry and single-phase fluid in supermarkets by means of the simulation program CyberMart developed by Jaime Arias at the Department of Energy Technology at KTH.
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Hägg, Cecilia. „Ice slurry as secondary fluid in refrigeration systems : fundamentals and applications in supermarkets /“. Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-478.
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Hammel, Rebecca, und Matilda Klasson. „Globaliseringen av supermarkets och dess påverkan på den indiska marknaden ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129163.
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Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vad effekten kan bli av den detaljhandelsreform som ägt rum i Indien, november 2012. Reformen innebär att företag med flera varumärken får etablera sig med en maximal ägarandel på 51 %. Öppningen önskas ge en ökning av utländska direktinvesteringar. Det senaste decenniet har liknande öppningar ägt rum och organiserat om marknader till mer moderna med stora supermarkets. Östra Asien, Central- och Östeuropa samt Latinamerika är alla exempel på detta. Genom att studera dessa värdländers ekonomiska påverkan av transnationella detaljhandelsföretag och därefter jämföra med Indien, samt etableringen av Coca-Cola har vi haft möjlighet att tydliggöra vilka konsekvenser det kan få för Indien. Arbetet är begränsat till att studera ett multinationellt livsmedelsföretag, Wal-Mart och deras eventuella inverkan på marknaden. Resultatet visar att eftersom affärsstrategin för detaljhandelskedjorna är den samma, kommer etableringen troligen att utvecklas på samma sätt som på de andra tillväxtmarknaderna om inte regeringen tar större kontroll över hur kedjorna verkar. Vi hävdar att regeringen måste göra åtgärder med strängare lagar och regleringar för en lyckad etablering. Deras agerande kommer att vara avgörande för vilka fördelar Indien kan få samt att det blir en långsiktig utveckling i stället för att de utländska livsmedelskedjorna utnyttjar Indien. Studien visar också vilka parametrar som påverkar etableringens effekt på landet och befolkningen, tillsammans med förslag på justeringar.This thesis is written with the purpose to clarify the consequences of the retail reform that was announced in India, in November 2012. The reform allows 51 % ownership in domestic multi-brand companies with the purpose to increase direct investments by foreign companies. Moreover, the last decade has witnessed these kinds of investments being led by a small range of food retailers interacting into emerging markets across East Asia, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America. By scrutinizing the domestic economical impact of these transnational retailing marketsand than compare it with India’s previous establishment of Coca-Cola, we can observe a clear correlation of what the consequences will be if an integration by multi-brand companies in the retail sector occur in India. However, the work is constrained to the study of Wal-Mart Corporation and their possible impact on the market. The result of the research indicated that since the business strategy of the retailers are following a similar pattern, the establishment sector will most likely evolve in the same direction as in other emerging markets. We argue that the government’s actions for stricter laws will be of importance for a successful implementation. Therefore, their acts will be critical for whether they will receive benefits in a long-term development instead of being utilized by the foreign food chains. In addition, the research indicates what parameter affects the establishment on the country and its people, together with suggested adjustments.
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Hameed, Khurram. „Computer vision based classification of fruits and vegetables for self-checkout at supermarkets“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2519.
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The field of machine learning, and, in particular, methods to improve the capability of machines to perform a wider variety of generalised tasks are among the most rapidly growing research areas in today’s world. The current applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence can be divided into many significant fields namely computer vision, data sciences, real time analytics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). All these applications are being used to help computer based systems to operate more usefully in everyday contexts. Computer vision research is currently active in a wide range of areas such as the development of autonomous vehicles, object recognition, Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), image segmentation and terrestrial analysis from space (i.e. crop estimation). Despite significant prior research, the area of object recognition still has many topics to be explored. This PhD thesis focuses on using advanced machine learning approaches to enable the automated recognition of fresh produce (i.e. fruits and vegetables) at supermarket self-checkouts. This type of complex classification task is one of the most recently emerging applications of advanced computer vision approaches and is a productive research topic in this field due to the limited means of representing the features and machine learning techniques for classification. Fruits and vegetables offer significant inter and intra class variance in weight, shape, size, colour and texture which makes the classification challenging.
The applications of effective fruit and vegetable classification have significant importance in daily life e.g. crop estimation, fruit classification, robotic harvesting, fruit quality assessment, etc. One potential application for this fruit and vegetable classification capability is for supermarket self-checkouts. Increasingly, supermarkets are introducing self-checkouts in stores to make the checkout process easier and faster. However, there are a number of challenges with this as all goods cannot readily be sold with packaging and barcodes, for instance loose fresh items (e.g. fruits and vegetables). Adding barcodes to these types of items individually is impractical and pre-packaging limits the freedom of choice when selecting fruits and vegetables and creates additional waste, hence reducing customer satisfaction. The current situation, which relies on customers correctly identifying produce themselves leaves open the potential for incorrect billing either due to inadvertent error, or due to intentional fraudulent misclassification resulting in financial losses for the store. To address this identified problem, the main goals of this PhD work are: (a) exploring the types of visual and non-visual sensors that could be incorporated into a self-checkout system for classification of fruits and vegetables, (b) determining a suitable feature representation method for fresh produce items available at supermarkets, (c) identifying optimal machine learning techniques for classification within this context and (d) evaluating our work relative to the state-of-the-art object classification results presented in the literature.
An in-depth analysis of related computer vision literature and techniques is performed to identify and implement the possible solutions. A progressive process distribution approach is used for this project where the task of computer vision based fruit and vegetables classification is divided into pre-processing and classification techniques. Different classification techniques have been implemented and evaluated as possible solution for this problem. Both visual and non-visual features of fruit and vegetables are exploited to perform the classification. Novel classification techniques have been carefully developed to deal with the complex and highly variant physical features of fruit and vegetables while taking advantages of both visual and non-visual features. The capability of classification techniques is tested in individual and ensemble manner to achieved the higher effectiveness.
Significant results have been obtained where it can be concluded that the fruit and vegetables classification is complex task with many challenges involved. It is also observed that a larger dataset can better comprehend the complex variant features of fruit and vegetables. Complex multidimensional features can be extracted from the larger datasets to generalise on higher number of classes. However, development of a larger multiclass dataset is an expensive and time consuming process. The effectiveness of classification techniques can be significantly improved by subtracting the background occlusions and complexities. It is also worth mentioning that ensemble of simple and less complicated classification techniques can achieve effective results even if applied to less number of features for smaller number of classes. The combination of visual and nonvisual features can reduce the struggle of a classification technique to deal with higher number of classes with similar physical features. Classification of fruit and vegetables with similar physical features (i.e. colour and texture) needs careful estimation and hyper-dimensional embedding of visual features. Implementing rigorous classification penalties as loss function can achieve this goal at the cost of time and computational requirements. There is a significant need to develop larger datasets for different fruit and vegetables related computer vision applications. Considering more sophisticated loss function penalties and discriminative hyper-dimensional features embedding techniques can significantly improve the effectiveness of the classification techniques for the fruit and vegetables applications.
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El-Amir, Ayman M. Ragaa. „Retail brand management : towards modelling the grocery retailer brand from an ethnographic perspective“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9243.
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As producers of national and international brands, manufacturers and service providers were the focus of brand management literature. However, as retailers have become major players nationally and internationally, managing retailers as brands have become a major challenge. The retailer unique business nature, and managerial needs as well as its ever-changing business environment render managing the retail brand a unique and complex task. For the retail brand to embrace and adapt to its managerial challenges, a multitude of brand management approaches should be employed. However, when addressing retailers as brands, the retail management literature has failed to account for this multiplicity exposing a gap in the literature. To fill this gap, a communal retail brand management model is proposed to help retailers embrace and adapt to their various branding requirements inflicted by their business challenges. To build the model, a common core among the various approaches involved in managing retail brands should be identified so as to simplify, by forming a unified approach, yet maintain the essence of each approach. The holistic, humanitarian and managerial orientations of the concept of organizational culture identify it as the common core and thus act as the backbone on which the model will be built. Since the model will be built through cultural interpretation, the ethnographic tradition of qualitative inquiry is utilized because it provides an emic perspective, which is the best strategy (that consequently provides best tools) for interpreting cultures. Besides, the flexibility of the ethnographic tradition allows the adoption of other qualitative traditions of enquiry to aid in building the model. Thus, the case study tradition is employed to confine the study within the precincts of a single retail brand in order to conduct deep analysis for several stakeholders simultaneously. Additionally, the analytical technique of the grounded theory tradition is employed to capitalize on its systematic ability to form conceptual themes out of raw data that, ultimately, become the model's building blocks. In light of conducting a five-months participant observation study in two grocery stores of a leading supermarket brand in two countries (Sainsbury's stores in the UK and Egypt), the findings revealed that modelling the retail brand culture resembles, metaphorically, a tree. The culture symbols resemble the tree attractive leaves, the rituals & local heroes resemble the supportive trunk, and values resemble the roots that anchor in the soil, which, in turn, resembles the cultures in which the retailer operates. The thesis concludes that the Tree- Model is a road map that guides retailers to build and manage their brand identity and consequently enable them to embrace and adapt to the various branding requirements dictated by their business challenges.
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Emongor, Rosemary Akhungu. „The impact of South African supermarkets on agricultural and industrial development in the Southern African Development Community“. Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01192009-132757/.
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Ek, Cecilia. „English product names and descriptions in two Swedish supermarkets : A quantitative and qualitative analysis“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-22532.
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This study aimed to investigate what proportion of two household staples, soap and crispbread products, in two Swedish supermarkets had English product names or descriptions, and attempted a qualitative analysis of the English language used. Out of the Swedish brands, 54-62% of the soap products had names and/or product descriptions containing English, compared to 13-15% of the crispbread; these differences were in line with previous research, suggesting English is used more to market certain product groups than other ones. Earlier studies have also proposed that English could be considered an ‘elite’ language in Sweden, and it might thus be more commonly found on more exclusive/expensive products, or in the supermarket primarily aiming at higher-income customers. However, the differences between the two supermarkets, and between the more and less expensive products, were not great enough for any firm conclusions. When products had a mixture of languages on the label, English was most often used for product names or part of names, not so often for product descriptions. Further studies with a larger amount of data would be required for more reliable conclusions, especially for the qualitative analyses. It would also be interesting to investigate customers’ attitudes towards the use of English on product labels.engelska
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Birch, Angela D. „Exploring the feasibility of a reusable container and bulk product dispenser system in supermarkets“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ57196.pdf.
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