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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Sulfure de zirconium“

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Veröffentlicht am 22. Juni 2024

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1

Zhang, Juan Juan, Yue Qin Song, Xiao Long Zhou, Cheng Lie Li, Jin An Wang und Long Ya Xu. „Effect of Hydrothermal Conditions on Isomerization Activity of Pt/SO42--ZrO2“. Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.183.

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Pt/SO42--ZrO2 catalysts (PSZ) were prepared by using a series of hydrous zirconia as support synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The catalytic performances of these catalysts were evaluated in the n-hexane isomerization in a fixed bed reactor. The crystalline structure, acidity, reduction properties, textural texture, and sulfur content were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, N2 adsorption and thermal analysis. The experimental results indicated that the hydrothermal ageing of zirconium hydroxide led to great changes in the crystalline structure of hydrous zirconia support, sulfur content, and the acidity of PSZ. The abundant strong acid sites and high sulfur content were essential but insufficient to achieve a PSZ catalyst with high isomerization activity. Too weak or too strong interaction between sulfur species and zirconia in the catalysts was unfavorable to the isomerization reaction. The presence of considerable sulfate species interacting moderately with zirconia was crucial to high isomerization activity.
2

Al-Tabbakh, Dr Ban A. Ahmed, und Maan M. Dawood. „Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst for Light Naphtha Isomerization Process“. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, Nr. 1(Suppl.) (21.04.2022): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).630.

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The platinum-loaded zirconium oxide (Pt/SO4-2/ZrO2) catalyst was developed for the light naphtha atoms over the reaction temperature range of 160 to 220 °C, 1 and 3 h-1 LSHV and 10 bar. Platinum improved the stability of the catalyst by preventing the formation of a coke precursor at the strong acid site of sulfur zirconium. The acidity of the catalyst was characterized by of NH3-TPD and the effect of sulfur and calcination temperature on the surface area of ​​the final prepared zirconia was studied. The prepared catalyst shows high structural similar activity at temperature between 200 and 210°C for two types of light naphtha feed.
3

Maresz, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Ciemięga, Patryk Bezkosty, Kamil Kornaus, Maciej Sitarz, Maciej Krzywiecki und Julita Mrowiec-Białoń. „Insight into Structural and Physicochemical Properties of ZrO2-SiO2 Monolithic Catalysts with Hierarchical Pore Structure: Effect of Zirconium Precursor“. Catalysts 13, Nr. 12 (16.12.2023): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121516.

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Zirconia–silica monolithic catalysts with hierarchical micro/macroporous structure were obtained in a sol-gel process combined with phase separation using inorganic salts, i.e., oxychloride, oxynitrate and sulphate, as a zirconium source. It was found that the use of zirconium oxychloride and prehydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) resulted in materials characterized by a well-developed continuous structure of macropores with a diameter of ca. 10 μm. For zirconium oxynitrate and sulfate modified materials, the prehydrolysis hardly affected the macropore size. The micropores with a diameter of 1.5 nm in the skeleton of all materials provided a large surface area of 550–590 m2/g. A high dispersion of zirconia in the silica skeleton in all studied materials was shown. However, the largest surface concentration of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites was found in the monolith synthesized with zirconium oxychloride. The monoliths were used as a core for continuous-flow microreactors and high catalytic activity was confirmed in the deacetalization of benzylaldehyde dimethyl acetal. The process was characterized by a high efficiency at low temperature, i.e., 35 °C.
4

Zhuang, Quan, und Jack M. Miller. „One-pot sol-gel synthesis of sulfated ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts for alcohol dehydration“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, Nr. 8 (01.08.2001): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-109.

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Sulfated ZrO2–SiO2 catalysts were synthesized by one-pot sol-gel method using ammonium sulfate, zirconium propoxide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption and DRIFTS. On calcining the gel at elevated temperature, the ammonium sulfate decomposed, giving a sulfated zirconia–silica catalyst. By adding ammonium sulfate to the sol-gel synthesis system, the surface area, pore size, and pore volume of the resultant catalyst were increased. The one-pot sol-gel synthesized catalyst with an optimum loading of SO42– 14 mol% showed significantly higher catalytic activity, with a selectivity of 100%, for isopropanol dehydration when compared to the impregnated catalyst. The one-pot sol-gel synthesis method is an effective way to prepare sulfated zirconia catalyst.Key words: sulfated zirconia, sol-gel synthesis, acid catalyst, alcohol dehydration, N2 adsorption, DRIFT.
5

Lugo del Ángel, F. E., R. Silva-Rodrigo, A. Vázquez Rodríguez, R. García Alamilla, J. Navarrete Bolaños, A. Castillo Mares, José Aarón Melo-Banda, Eduardo Térres-Rojas und J. L. Rivera Armenta. „Studies on the Catalytic Activity of Sulfated Zirconia Promoted with Cerium Oxide“. Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.149.

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Pure zirconia, sulfated zirconia and sulfated zirconia modified with 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt. % of cerium oxide were synthesized by sol-gel method. Pt phase was impregnated on the supports using the incipient wet technique. Sulfated zirconium oxide showed tetragonal phase only. Addition of cerium to sulfated zirconia did not modify the tetragonal phase but produced a marked effect on the surface area. Low cerium content may greatly increase the surface area; however, too high cerium content (10 wt.%) may decrease the surface area. Pore size had influence on the catalytic activity and ZrO2 acidity was favored by the sulfate ion incorporation. All catalysts having Brönsted and Lewis acid sites were active in the n-hexane isomerization. The highest n-hexane conversion (40%) and selectivity towards DMB (26%), 2-methyl pentane (61%) and 3-methyl pentane (13%) were reached over the catalyst with 10 wt. % cerium oxide. In addition, sulfated zirconium oxide presented high selectivity of light products (< C6), which indicated that the addition of this doping agent (CeO2) made the catalysts more selective toward the desired reaction products.
6

Ma, Yiqian, Srecko Stopic, Xuewen Wang, Kerstin Forsberg und Bernd Friedrich. „Basic Sulfate Precipitation of Zirconium from Sulfuric Acid Leach Solution“. Metals 10, Nr. 8 (13.08.2020): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081099.

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H2SO4 was ensured to be the best candidate for Zr leaching from the eudialyte. The resulting sulfuric leach solution consisted of Zr(IV), Nb(V), Hf(IV), Al(III), and Fe(III). It was found that ordinary metal hydroxide precipitation was not feasible for obtaining a relatively pure product due to the co-precipitation of Al(III) and Fe(III). In this reported study, a basic zirconium sulfate precipitation method was investigated to recover Zr from a sulfuric acid leach solution of a eudialyte residue after rare earth elements extraction. Nb precipitated preferentially by adjusting the pH of the solution to around 1.0. After partial removal of SO42− by adding 120 g of CaCl2 per 1L solution, a basic zirconium sulfate precipitate was obtained by adjusting the pH to ~1.6 and maintaining the solution at 75 °C for 60 min. Under the optimum conditions, the loss of Zr during the SO42− removal step was only 0.11%, and the yield in the basic zirconium sulfate precipitation step was 96.18%. The precipitate contained 33.77% Zr and 0.59% Hf with low concentrations of Fe and Al. It was found that a high-quality product of ZrO2 could be obtained from the basic sulfate precipitate.
7

Utami, Maisari, Karna Wijaya und Wega Trisunaryanti. „Effect of Sulfuric Acid Treatment and Calcination on Commercial Zirconia Nanopowder“. Key Engineering Materials 757 (Oktober 2017): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.131.

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The modification of commercial zirconia nanopowder by sulfuric acid and heat treatment was conducted. The aim of this present research was to obtain a stable modified zirconia nanopowder chemically and thermally by studying the effect of sulfuric acid treatment and calcination temperature on commercial zirconia nanopowder. The material was prepared by dispersing the commercial zirconia nanopowder into 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 M sulfuric acid solutions, followed by calcination at varied temperatures, i.e. 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C. The so called sulfated zirconias then were characterized their physicochemical properties using FT-IR, XRD and SEM-EDX analysis methods. The optimized condition for that modification was obtained by using sulfuric acid of 0.8 M and calcination temperature of 600 °C. The characterization results also revealed that using ammonia adsorption method, the acidity of the catalyst was found to be 1.06 mmol/g.
8

Beschkov, Venko N., Elena N. Razkazova-Velkova, Martin S. Martinov und Stefan M. Stefanov. „Performance of Sulfide-Driven Fuel Cell Aerated by Venturi Tube Ejector“. Catalysts 11, Nr. 6 (30.05.2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060694.

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Hydrogen sulfide is frequently met in natural waters, like mineral springs, but mostly it is found in marine water with low renewal rate. The Black Sea has extremely high hydrogen sulfide content. It can be utilized in different ways, but the most promising one is direct conversion into electricity. This result can be attained by a sulfide-driven fuel cell (SDFC), converting sulfide to sulfate thus releasing electric energy up to 24 GJ/t. One of the most important problems is the mass transfer limitation on oxygen transfer in the cathode space of the fuel cell. This problem can be solved using a gas diffusion electrode or highly efficient saturation by oxygen in an ejector of the Venturi tube type. This work presents experimental data in laboratory-scale SDFC for sulfide conversion into sulfate, sulfite and polysulfide releasing different amounts of electric energy. Two types of aeration are tested: direct air blow and Venturi-tube ejector. Besides pure graphite, two catalysts, i.e., cobalt spinel and zirconia-doped graphite were tested as anodes. Experiments were carried out at initial sulfide concentrations from 50 to 300 mg/L. Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate ions were detected in the outlet solutions from the fuel cell. The electrochemical results show good agreement with the chemical analyses. Most of the results show attained high efficiencies of the fuel cell, i.e., up to 80%. The practical applications of this method can be extended for other purposes, like treatment of polluted water together with utilization as energy.
9

Platero, E. Escalona, und M. Pe�arroya Mentruit. „IR characterization of sulfated zirconia derived from zirconium sulfate“. Catalysis Letters 30, Nr. 1-4 (1995): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00813670.

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10

Amin, Amalia Kurnia, Wega Trisunaryanti und Karna Wijaya. „Effect of Promoters and Calcination Temperature on Surface and Acidity of Modified Zirconia“. Journal of Nano Research 57 (April 2019): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.57.31.

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The effect of sulfating agent concentration, calcination temperature, and Ni incorporation on commercial zirconia have been evaluated. Sulfation of commercial zirconia was prepared by wet impregnation with different amounts of sulfuric acid (0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 M) then calcined at 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900°C for 4 h. Ni was incorporated by refluxing over sulfated zirconia, followed by calcination-reduction process. All samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, ammonia sorption, SEM-EDX, TEM, and AAS. The presence of sulfate has been added to acidic strength of the sulfated zirconia, the more sulfuric acid were used the stronger the acidic property. There has been degradation of sulfate groups that was adrift in sulfated zirconia by calcination treatment above 600°C. The best physicochemical properties of sulfated zirconia were modification with 0.8 M sulfuric acid and on calcination at 400°C. The 0.8SZ-400 has exhibited the highest Brønsted acidic sites with total acidity of 1.71 mmol/g. The impregnation of Ni enhanced the Lewis acidic sites on the surface of the 0.8SZ-400 which NiSZ gave 2.71 mmol/g of total acidity. All prepared materials consisted of nearly spherical shape of nanocrystal with mostly aggregated particles.
11

Ciesla, Ulrike, Michael Fröba, Galen Stucky und Ferdi Schüth. „Highly Ordered Porous Zirconias from Surfactant-Controlled Syntheses: Zirconium Oxide−Sulfate and Zirconium Oxo Phosphate“. Chemistry of Materials 11, Nr. 2 (Februar 1999): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm980205v.

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12

Wang, Xixin, Jianling Zhao, Xiaorui Hou, Fang Wang und Chengchun Tang. „Preparation and properties of zirconia nanotube-supported zirconium sulfate catalyst“. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 104, Nr. 1 (01.07.2011): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-011-0344-x.

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13

Ahn, Minkyu, Jinwoo Park, Gyeongsik Yu, Sangeun Kim, Dong-Keun Cho, Hyung-Ha Jin und Chansun Shin. „Copper Alloy Design for Preventing Sulfur-Induced Embrittlement in Copper“. Materials 17, Nr. 2 (10.01.2024): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020350.

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This study presents an experimental approach to address sulfur-induced embrittlement in copper alloys. Building on recent theoretical insights, we identified specific solute elements, such as silicon and silver, known for their strong binding affinity with vacancies. Through experimental validation, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Si and Ag in preventing sulfur-induced embrittlement in copper, even though they are not typical sulfide formers such as zirconium. Additionally, our findings highlight the advantages of these elements over traditional solutes, such as their high solubility and propensity to accumulate along grain boundaries. This approach may have the potential to be applied to other metals prone to sulfur-induced embrittlement, including nickel, iron, and cobalt, offering broader implications for materials engineering strategies and alloy development.
14

Hayati, Rizka, Rian Kurniawan, Niko Prasetyo, Sri Sudiono und Akhmad Syoufian. „Codoping Effect of Nitrogen (N) to Iron (Fe) Doped Zirconium Titanate (ZrTiO<sub>4</sub>) Composite toward Its Visible Light Responsiveness as Photocatalysts“. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, Nr. 1 (28.05.2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.70146.

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Iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N) were introduced as dopants into zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) in order to study the codoping effects of nitrogen on iron-doped zirconium titanate (Fe,N-codoped ZrTiO4) composite. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP), zirconia (ZrO2), urea, and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate were used as the source of TiO2, semiconductor supports, source of nitrogen, and iron, respectively. A specific amount of iron (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt.%) and a fixed nitrogen content (10 wt.%) were doped into the ZrTiO4 lattice. Various calcination temperatures (from 500 to 900 °C) were also applied to investigate the crystal structure of the composite. The composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and specular reflectance UV-Vis (SR-UV). The lowest bandgap energy of 2.62 eV was obtained in the composite with 3 wt.% of Fe and 10 wt.% of N calcined at 500 °C.
15

Ciesla, Ulrike, Michael Froeba, Galen Stucky und Ferdi Schueth. „ChemInform Abstract: Highly Ordered Porous Zirconias from Surfactant-Controlled Syntheses: Zirconium Oxide-Sulfate and Zirconium Oxo Phosphate.“ ChemInform 30, Nr. 16 (16.06.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199916022.

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16

Berrones, R., K. Camas, Y. Pérez, E. Ramírez, A. Pérez, D. Eapen und P. J. Sebastian. „Synthesis and Performance of Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst in Esterification of Oleic Acid“. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 17, Nr. 2 (01.04.2014): 099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v17i2.430.

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In this work, the performance of sulfated zirconia catalyst used in the synthesis of biodiesel by esterification of oleic acid was studied. For catalyst preparation the zirconium dioxide (ZrO) by Aldrich was used as precursor. The sulfated zirconia obtained was calcined for 3 hours at different temperatures (200, 400, 600 and 700 °C) in an oxygen atmosphere. Each of the calcination conditions generated a sample of catalyst, which was used in the esterification reaction. The esterification reaction was carried out using reagents such as oleic acid and methanol at a molar ratio 1:20. The sulfated zirconia catalyst was used in the reaction in various proportions by weightrelative to the weight of oleic acid (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5%). The analysis of methyl ester conversion was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (CGMS) and the percentage area of the characteristic peaks as methyl oleate was quantified. A characterization of sulfated zirconia was also performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the catalyst performance was studied in the reduction of the acid index (AI) and the conversion of free fatty acids of oleic acid and compared to other commonly used catalyst for this purpose, which is concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
17

MATSUMOTO, Yousuke, Ken HIROTA, Osamu YAMAGUCHI, Hideki KUME, Suguru INAMURA und Hiroki MIYAMOTO. „Sintering of Alumina-Zirconia Composite Powders Prepared from Aluminum Sulfate and Zirconium Isopropoxide.“ Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 43, Nr. 492 (1994): 1042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.43.1042.

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18

Huang, Da Ming, Wei Wei Jiang, Lin Lin, Saritporn Vittayapadung, Zhi Hong Xiao, Ai Hua Zhang und Chang Zhu Li. „Study on the Catalyst Performance on Cornus wisoniana Oil Catalytic Cracking Prepared Biological Fuel Oil“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (Dezember 2013): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.1457.

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In our Research, we Used Cornus Wisoniana oil as Feedstock and the High Temperature Pyrolysis Kettle as the Reactor. Examine the Performance of Lanthanum Oxide, Zirconium Sulfate, Calcium Oxide and KF Loaded Catalyst on Cornus Wisoniana oil Catalytic Cracking Reaction. and through the SEM, XRD and FT-IR, Optimal Catalysts were Used to Characterize the Structure. the Results Showed that among KF Modified Catalyst KF Supported on Cao Produced Highest Yield of Bio-Fuel Oil from Cornus Wisoniana oil. when the Dosage of Catalyst Reached 1%, KF Impregnation Ratio of 40%, and Catalyst Calcination for 4h at 600°C, it can be Obtained Highest Yield of Bio-Fuel Oil about 82.7% and Reaction Rate up to 94.1. in Addition to the KF/MgO Having Low Yield about 60.6%, Catalytic Activity of other Four KF Catalysts were Higher than that of Lanthanum Oxide, Zirconium Sulfate and Calcium Oxide. the Catalytic Efficiency of Lanthanum Oxide and Zirconium Sulfate Appeared Similarity and are all Low. the Catalytic Activity of Calcium Oxide is Slightly Higher than the Lanthanum Oxide and Zirconium Sulfate, but Lower than that of KF/CaO Catalyst.
19

Verma, Dinesh, Nivedita Shukla, Bharat Kumar, Alok Singh, Kavita Shahu, Mithilesh Yadav, Kyong Rhee und Rashmi Rastogi. „Synergistic Tribo-Activity of Nanohybrids of Zirconia/Cerium-Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles with Nano Lamellar Reduced Graphene Oxide and Molybdenum Disulfide“. Nanomaterials 10, Nr. 4 (08.04.2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040707.

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Zirconia and 10%, 20%, and 30% cerium-doped zirconia nanoparticles (ZCO), ZCO-1, ZCO-2, and ZCO-3, respectively, were prepared using auto-combustion method. Binary nanohybrids, ZrO2@rGO and ZCO-2@rGO (rGO = reduced graphene oxide), and ternary nanohybrids, ZrO2@rGO@MoS2 and ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2, have been prepared with an anticipation of a fruitful synergic effect of rGO, MoS2, and cerium-doped zirconia on the tribo-activity. Tribo-activity of these additives in paraffin oil (PO) has been assessed by a four-ball lubricant tester at the optimized concentration, 0.125% w/v. The tribo-performance follows the order: ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2 > ZrO2@rGO@MoS2 > ZCO-2@rGO > ZrO2@rGO > MoS2 > ZrO2 > rGO > PO. The nanoparticles acting as spacers control restacking of the nanosheets provided structural augmentation while nanosheets, in turn, prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Doped nanoparticles upgraded the activity by forming defects. Thus, the results acknowledge the synergic effect of cerium-doped zirconia and lamellar nanosheets of rGO and MoS2. There is noncovalent interaction among all the individuals. Analysis of the morphological features of wear-track carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in PO and its formulations with various additives is consistent with the above sequence. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of ZCO-2@rGO@MoS2 indicates the existence of zirconium, cerium, molybdenum, and sulfur on the wear-track, confirming, thereby, the active role played by these elements during tribofilm formation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of worn surface reveal that the tribofilm is made up of rGO, zirconia, ceria, and MoS2 along with Fe2O3, MoO3, and SO42− as the outcome of the tribo-chemical reaction.
20

Al Raihani, Huda, Bernard Durand, F. Chassagneux, David H. Kerridge und Douglas Inman. „Zirconia formation by reaction of zirconium sulfate in molten alkali-metal nitrates or nitrites“. Journal of Materials Chemistry 4, Nr. 8 (1994): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9940401331.

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21

Escalona Platero, E., M. Peñarroya Mentruit, C. Otero Areán und A. Zecchina. „FTIR Studies on the Acidity of Sulfated Zirconia Prepared by Thermolysis of Zirconium Sulfate“. Journal of Catalysis 162, Nr. 2 (September 1996): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1996.0284.

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22

Liu, Shu Jing, Yun Peng Li, Xiu Min Yang und Qing Mei Jiang. „Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl Coumarin with Microwave Radiation Catalyzed by Zirconium Sulfate Tetrahydrate“. Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (März 2013): 2692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2692.

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The 1,3-benzenediol and ethyl acetoacetate as raw materials were used to synthesize 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin under microwave irradiation with Zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate as the catalyst. The effect of various reaction conditionson on the yield was explored.Experiment shows that the yield reached up to 87. 5%,when the reaction conditions are as follow:n(1,3-benzenediol):n(ethyl acetoacetate)1.0, Zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate 0.4g,10mL cyclohexane, the reaction time 12 min,microwave radiation power 500W.
23

Kurniawan, Rian, Sri Sudiono, Wega Trisunaryanti und Akhmad Syoufian. „Synthesis of Iron-Doped Zirconium Titanate as a Potential Visible-Light Responsive Photocatalyst“. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, Nr. 2 (09.04.2019): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.38616.

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Synthesis and properties of iron-doped zirconium titanate (ZrTiO4) as a potential visible-light-responsive photocatalyst had been conducted. Various iron dopant concentration and calcination temperature were investigated toward the properties of Fe-doped ZrTiO4. The photocatalyst material was synthesized by sol-gel and impregnation method. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a precursor, embedded on zirconia fine powder. A certain amount of iron (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 wt.%) was introduced into the photocatalyst system from iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O). Photocatalyst with various iron concentration calcined at 500 °C. ZrTiO4 with 5% iron additionally was calcined at 700 and 900 °C. Characterization was performed by using XRD, FT-IR, SR-UV, and SEM-EDX. The presence of iron on the surface of ZrTiO4 was proved by EDX analysis. Fe-doped ZrTiO4 with the lowest bandgap (2.83 eV) is 7% of iron content after calcination at 500 °C.
24

Vít, Zdeněk, Jean Louis Portefaix und Michéle Breysse. „Transformation of Ethene Into Ketones by CO and H2 Over NiMo Sulfide Catalysts“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, Nr. 7 (1997): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19971015.

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The reaction of ethene, CO and H2 on NiMo sulfide catalysts at 240-290 °C and at 1 MPa gives ethane, diethyl ketone, propyl ethyl ketone, propanal and diethyl sulfide (DES). The support (carbon, alumina, magnesia and zirconia) influenced the activity of catalysts and the ratio between oxygenated and sulfur products. The carbon supported catalyst was the most active, producing the lowest proportion of DES. The overall oxo selectivity was practically constant in a broad range of ethene conversion. Selectivity into the formation of diethyl ketone increased by lowering the reaction temperature and H2S concentration in the feed. A selectivity of about 25% into diethyl ketone was achieved with a feed containing 0.4% H2S at 240 °C.
25

Wall, J. „Analysis for sulfur as hydrogen sulfide incorporating zirconia pretreatment and preconcentration“. Talanta 45, Nr. 1 (12.12.1997): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00121-5.

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26

Bykanova, V. V., V. A. Panasenko und S. M. Bykanov. „SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF COATINGS TI/TINOM∙ZrO2 FOR PURIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER FROM ORGANIC AROMATIC CONTAMINANTS“. Journal of Coal Chemistry 2 (2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-2-33-40.

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It is shown that photocatalytic processes on semiconductor materials are promising for use in technologies for purifying industrial waste water and air from toxic organic impurities for solving important environmental problems. Studies on the formation of coatings with titanium(IV) oxide supplemented with zirconium(IV) oxide have been carried out. The Ti/TiO2 coverings were formed by anodic oxidation of technical alloys of VT1-0 grade titanium and E-125 zirconium from aqueous electrolyte solutions based on 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 1 M potassium pyrophosphate. To obtain mixed oxide coatings of the Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 composition, zirconium(IV) oxide of a given concentration was additionally introduced into the electrolyte solutions. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained systems was assessed by the phenol oxidation reaction. It is shown that, as a result of anodic oxidation of the VT1-0 alloy in sulfuric and pyrophosphate electrolytes, it is possible to obtain mixed oxide systems of the Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 composition with a porous and microcrystalline surface structure and a zirconium content of up to 2 % by weight. It was found that an increase in the pH of the electrolyte leads to a significant decrease in the content of zirconium in the coatings. It is shown that the contact masses Ti/TiO2, Zr/ZrO2, Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 are photocatalytically active in the oxidation of phenol under the action of UV radiation, and the mixed Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 coatings formed from a sulfuric acid electrolyte exhibit a higher catalytic activity with respect to compared with both individual oxides and Ti/TinOm·ZrO2 deposited from pyrophosphate electrolytes. The results obtained indicate the possibility of creating photocatalytic converters using mixed oxide systems formed on metal supports for purifying wastewater from organic aromatic compounds. Keywords: coatings, titanium(IV) oxide, electrochemical anodizing, photocatalytic activity, zirconium(IV) oxide, organic aromatic pollutants, phenol, waste water, purification. Corresponding author Panasenrj V.A. е-mail: office@niochim.kharkov.ua
27

Walker, Robert A., Joshua B. Sinrud und Melissa McIntyre. „(Invited) Forming Multifunctional Ceramics with Different ZrO2 Polymorphs: Mixed Ion-Electron Conducting Properties of Zirconium Titanium Oxides“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 46 (22.12.2023): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02462239mtgabs.

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Infiltrating porous electrodes with solution phase precursors is a strategy employed to improve performance, catalytic activity and longevity in high temperature electrochemical devices. For example, traditional Ni yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) cermet anodes used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are susceptible to carbon accumulation and to sulfur poisoning. To counter the effects of degradation, anodes have been infiltrated with secondary materials containing Sn, Ba, Al and a host of other constituents, typically at levels of 1-5% (by mass). Processing and preparing infiltrated electrodes, however, can lead to formation of new material phases that affect surface chemistry and electrode microstructure in unexpected ways. In this work, XRD and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate the formation of functional zirconium titanate secondary phases in Ti/Zr oxides. Different zirconia polymorphs (either pure or stabilized with small amounts of yttria (YSZ)) mechanically mixed with TiO2 and heated above 1000 ˚C in stagnant air react to form several secondary phases. For sintering temperatures > 1100 ˚C, mixtures of TiO2 and m-ZrO2 form a ZrTiO4 secondary phase while mixtures of TiO2 and 3YSZ or 8YSZ form Zr5Ti7O24. The extent of secondary phase formation is enhanced with both higher sintering temperature and yttria content. The Zr5Ti7O24 secondary phase formed from TiO2/8YSZ samples sintered at 1400 ˚C exhibits unexpected mixed ionic and electronic conductivity at 800 ˚C. These findings suggest that secondary phases intentionally integrated into electrode architectures can improve the performance of high temperature electrocatalyst systems.
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Sahoo, Amit, Jaykishon Swain und Bhikari Charana Bhatta. „Liquid-liquid extraction of zirconium(IV) from sulphuric acid medium using a binary mixture of tri-n-octylamine and Cyanex923 in kerosene“. European Journal of Chemistry 13, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.13.3.273-278.2273.

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The extraction behaviour of zirconium(IV) from sulfuric acid medium has been studied with a binary mixture of tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) and Cyanex923 (a mixture of four trialkyl phosphine oxides) in kerosene using a novel liquid-liquid extraction method. Quantitative extraction of zirconium(IV) with binary mixture of Cyanex923 and TOA in kerosene was studied by changing different parameters such as acid variation, extractant variation, effect of chloride ion concentration, effect of temperature, metal concentration variation, diluent effect, and pH effect. The percentage of extraction of zirconium(IV) decreased when the concentration of Cyanex923 and TOA increased. The percentage of zirconium(IV) was observed as 97.56% in a binary mixture of 0.007 M Cyanex923 and 0.06 M TOA. Kerosene was found to be an effective diluent for the extraction of zirconium(IV) with 97.56% extraction using a binary mixture of Cyanex923 and TOA. In addition, the stripping of the zirconium(IV) metal ion in the organic phase was also examined.
29

Randon, J., A. Larbot, L. Cot, M. Lindheimer und S. Partyka. „Sulfate adsorption on zirconium dioxide“. Langmuir 7, Nr. 11 (November 1991): 2654–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00059a043.

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30

Mujagić, Derviš, Aida Imamović und Mustafa Hadažalić. „PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITE STAINLESS STEEL MICROALLOYED WITH TELLURIUM AND ZIRCONIUM“. Journal of Sustainable Technologies and Materials 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.57131/jstm.2021.1.3.

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Stainless steel X8CrNiS18-9 (standard EN 10088-3: 2005) is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel due to its good machinability. This steel has high mechanical and working properties thanks to complex alloying, primarily with the elements such as chromium and nickel. The content of sulfur present in the steel from 0.15 to 0.35% improves machinability. Microalloying with tellurium and zirconium (individually and in combination) in most cases leads to improved properties of this stainless steel, compared to melt without alloying additives, e.g. the melt microalloyed with tellurium and especially melt microalloyed with zirconium and tellurium has significantly better machinability compared to the melt without alloying elements. The addition of sulfur, which is the cheapest available additive for free machining, will impair not only the transverse strength and toughness but also the corrosion resistance. However, while sulfur improves machinability at the same time decreases the mechanical properties, particularly toughness. This work aims to test the machinability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the mentioned steel, as well as the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions.
31

Mahmoud, Adel K. „Manufacturing of Zirconia (ZrO2) Nanoparticlesin Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant Solution Using Laser Ablation Technique“. Advanced Materials Research 871 (Dezember 2013): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.194.

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Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) has become an increasingly important technique for metals production and metal oxides nanoparticles (NPs) and others. This technique has its many advantages compared with other conventional techniques (physical and chemical). This work was devoted for production of Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles via PLAL technique from a solid zirconium target immersed in a group of wet environments in order to study the effect of different surfactants on the optical properties and structure of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The solutions which used for this purpose are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The produces NPs were characterized by mean of many tests such as UV-visible (UV-Vis.), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Z-Potential. The UVVis spectra show a blue shift in the presence of SDS solution which indicates quantum confinement property of the NPs. The TEM test shows less than 10 nm average particle sizes with spherical and irregular shapes. It was found that use surfactant solution leads to significantly higher ablation efficiency accomplished with finer spherical nanoparticles sizes. Z-Potential test shows values in the range of (-41.3) mV and (+56.1) mV which indicate for NPs stability with extremely low agglomeration solution.
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Ivanchikova, Irina D., Olga V. Zalomaeva, Nataliya V. Maksimchuk, Olga A. Stonkus, Tatiana S. Glazneva, Yurii A. Chesalov, Alexander N. Shmakov, Matteo Guidotti und Oxana A. Kholdeeva. „Alkene Epoxidation and Thioether Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Mesoporous Zirconium-Silicates“. Catalysts 12, Nr. 7 (05.07.2022): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070742.

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Mesoporous zirconium-silicates have been prepared using two different methodologies, evaporation-induced self-assembly and solventless organometallic precursor dry impregnation of commercial SiO2. The samples were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, N2 adsorption, TEM, DRS UV–vis and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic performance of the Zr-Si catalysts was assessed in the epoxidation of three representative alkenes, cyclohexene, cyclooctene and caryophyllene, as well as in the oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant, with special attention drawn to the structure/activity relationship and catalyst stability issues. The key factors which affect substrate conversion and epoxide selectivity have been defined. The catalysts with larger contents of oligomeric ZrO2 species revealed higher activity. The nature of alkene and, in particular, its molecular hindrance is crucial, since the adsorption of the epoxide product is the main factor leading to fast catalyst deactivation. In fact, bulky epoxides do not show this effect. After optimization, the oxidation of caryophyllene gave endocyclic monoepoxide with 77% selectivity at 87% alkene conversion. Methyl phenyl sulfoxide afforded 37% of sulfoxide and 63% of sulfone at 57% sulfide conversion. The nature of catalysis was truly heterogeneous and no Zr leaching was observed.
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Tarasenkov, Alexander N., Maria S. Parshina, Galina P. Goncharuk, Kirill M. Borisov, Evgeniy K. Golubev, Ivan B. Meshkov, Georgiy V. Cherkaev, Vitaliy G. Shevchenko, Sergey A. Ponomarenko und Aziz M. Muzafarov. „Thioether-Containing Zirconium(Alkoxy)Siloxanes: Synthesis and Study of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Silica-Filled Polydimethylsiloxane Compositions Cured by Them“. Polymers 15, Nr. 16 (10.08.2023): 3361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163361.

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A number of thioether-containing zirconium siloxanes, differing in their composition and metal atom shielding degree with a siloxy substituent, were synthesized and characterized. Synthesis of such compounds made it possible to evaluate the effect of sulfur atoms’ presence in the cured compositions on their dielectric properties, as well as to evaluate their curing ability and influence on mechanical characteristics compared to the sulfur-free analogs obtained earlier. Studying a wide range of compositions differing in their content and ratio of metallosiloxane and silica components revealed that such systems are still typical dielectrics. At the same time, the introduction of thioether groups can provide increased dielectric constant and conductivity in comparison with previously obtained sulfur-free similar compositions in the <102 Hz frequency range (dielectric constant up to ~10–30 at frequency range 1–10 Hz). As before, the dielectric parameters increase is directly determined by the silica component proportion in the cured material. It is also shown that varying sulfur-containing zirconium siloxanes structure and functionality and its combination with previously obtained sulfur–free analogs, along with varying the functionality and rubber chain length, can be an effective tool for changing the dielectric and mechanical material parameters in a wide range (tensile strength 0.5–7 Mpa, elastic deformation 2–300%), which determine the prospects for the use of such cured systems as dielectric elastomers for various purposes.
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Ismail, Roslina, und Iskandar Idris Yaacob. „Synthesis of Ni3Al/ZrO2 Nanocomposite and Study on Its High Temperature Oxidation in Mixed Gas Environment“. Materials Science Forum 654-656 (Juni 2010): 2739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2739.

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Intermetallic nanocomposites of nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) alloy and nanosized zirconia (ZrO2) were fabricated using combined powder metallurgy technique and reaction synthesis. Nanosized zirconia as dispersed phase at 2 and 5 weight percent were pre-mixed with nickel, aluminum powders and other alloying elements in a planetary ball mill for 18 hours at 175 rpm to achieve mechanical alloying effect. The mixture was then compacted using a hydraulic press at 400MPa for 15 minutes. Sintering was done under inert condition (flowing Argon gas) in a tube furnace at 850oC with 3 hours holding time. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values of nickel aluminide nanocomposites containing 2wt% ZrO2 (ICZ2) and 5wt% ZrO2 (ICZ5) were 7.94 and 3.65 emu/g respectively. Reduced elastic modulus (Er) for ICZ5 was lower than ICZ2. Isothermal oxidation/sulfidation test in 1%SO2/air gas mixture at 800 and 1000oC were performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for up to 24 hours duration. The isothermal kinetic results for ICZ2 and ICZ5 are parabolic indicating rate limiting step. Reaction rates increased with increasing temperature. At this low concentration of sulfur, the test specimen only exhibited adsorption of sulfur in the vicinity of the surface region and no sulfide phase was observed.
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Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios A., Joshua K. Mitchell und Teresa J. Bandosz. „Reactive adsorption of mustard gas surrogate on zirconium (hydr)oxide/graphite oxide composites: the role of surface and chemical features“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, Nr. 3 (2016): 1008–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09234e.

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36

Ma, Jianjun, Yao Jiang, Paul A. Connor, Stephen R. Gamble, Mark Cassidy, Cairong Jiang und John T. S. Irvine. „Detailed Study of Sulfur Poisoning and Recovery of Ni-YSZ-Based Anodes Operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in a Biogas Fuel“. International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (16.02.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2339117.

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Ni-YSZ (nickel-yttrium-stabilized zirconia) is a common anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its excellent catalytic performance and electronic conductivity. It shows that the nickel anode-supported cell exhibits good cell performance in a biogas fuel of 36CH4-36CO2-20H2O-4H2-4CO. Unfortunately, natural biogas fuels often contain sulfur, so using nickel anodes is not always straightforward. This paper investigates the sulfur poisoning and the recovery of BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ- (BCZYYb-) (Ce, Y, and Yb codoped barium zirconate) impregnated nickel anode-supported cells operating up to 1.8 W cm-2 in the biogas. The in situ gas analysis reveals that the suppression of the reforming reactions might cause sulfur poisoning in a 4 ppm (v) H2S (hydrogen sulfide) in open circuit conditions, whereas the current degradation in working conditions could be attributed to the deactivation of reforming reactions and catalyst activity. The incidence of water-gas shift reactions is associated with the degradation rate of these two reactions. After removing the H2S, the recovery is accelerated by a steam hydrogen fuel, indicating that steam facilitates the efficient release of sulfur from nickel sites.
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Zarubica, Aleksandra, Branislav Jovic, Aleksandar Nikolic, Paula Putanov und Goran Boskovic. „Temperature imposed textural and surface synergism affecting the isomerization activity of sulfated zirconia catalysts“. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, Nr. 12 (2009): 1429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0912429z.

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Using sulfuric acid as the sulfating agent, two catalyst series were obtained from hydroxide and nitrate precursor with a sulfate loading identical to commercial sulfated hydroxide, i.e., 4.2 mass%. After calcination at 500, 600 and 700?C, all nine samples had various contents of residual sulfates depending on the origin of the catalyst. Accordingly, their surface properties were different, which, together with various textural properties, govern the formation of the active phase and their catalytic activity in the n-hexane isomerization reaction. The dominant activity and yield of mainly mono-branched isomers were attained in reaction at 200?C with a commercially sulfated zirconia catalyst calcined at 500?C. Among the SZ catalyst series synthesized from hydroxide and nitrate, the second according to its activity profile was similar to that of the commercially sulfated one, while samples originating from hydroxide showed some activity only after calcination at 600?C. This is due to the poorer textural properties of the hydroxide series, necessitating a higher calcination temperature in order to promote the simultaneous decomposition of S-containing species and their re-adsorption into the zirconia matrix following interaction and active phase formation. It seems that the tetragonal zirconia phase was not responsible for the catalytic activity but a synergistic effect of the textural properties of the samples and the sulfate loadings, which determine different acid strengths on the catalyst surface.
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Lestari, Mega Fia. „Studi Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Sintesis Katalis Asam Heterogen Zirkonia Tersulfatasi (So4/Zro2) dari Jenis Prekursor Zirkonium Oksida (Zro2)“. Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences 4, Nr. 2 (01.10.2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijfs.v4i2.7645.

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The 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2 catalyst was synthesized from the ZrO2 precursor with 0.7 M H2SO4 through the wet impregnation method, then examined the effect of calcination temperature (400 and 500 oC) on the catalyst through characterization using XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, and acidity test using ammonia as the adsorbate base. The 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-400 catalyst had two types of crystalline phases namely monoclinic and a small peak of metastable tetragonal, while the crystalline phase of 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-500 was only monoclinic. The results of FT-IR analysis showed that the four typical bands of sulfate ions that were perfectly coordinated with zirconium cations were found both at 400 and 500 oC calcination temperatures with almost the same band intensity. However, the acidity test results showed that the 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-400 catalyst had a total acidity that was slightly greater than 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-500 which was 5.74 and 5.59 mmol g-1 respectively. The results of SEM-EDX analysis also showed that the surface of the 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-400 catalyst was also brighter than 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-500 which indicated that more sulfate ions were impregnated on the surface of zirconia with the SO3 species mass was 5.75% while the SO3 species mass of 0.7 M SO4/ZrO2-500 was only 4.62%.
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Lopez-Garcia, Zulema, und Saul J. Adelman. „An Abundance Analysis of the Silicon CP Star HD 43819“. International Astronomical Union Colloquium 138 (1993): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100020418.

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AbstractA fine analysis performed using four 4.3 Å/mm IIaO Mt. Wilson Observatory spectrograms shows that HD 43819 has abundance anomalies similar to those of other Silicon stars, namely it is helium, carbon, magnesium, and sulfur poor while being silicon, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, strontium, zirconium, and rare earth rich.
40

Fauzi, Wanda Putra, Rian Kurniawan, Sri Sudiono, Niko Prasetyo und Akhmad Syoufian. „Photodegradation of Phenol under Visible Light Irradiation Using Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO<sub>4</sub> Composite as a High-Performance Photocatalyst“. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, Nr. 2 (01.04.2024): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.90365.

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Codoping of nitrogen and copper into zirconium titanate composite (Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4) was carried out through a sol-gel process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of copper and nitrogen dopants on the photocatalytic activity of ZrTiO4 composite in degrading phenol. To prepare the composite, an aqueous suspension of zirconia (ZrO2) alongside a fixed amount of urea and various amount of copper sulfate was added dropwise into diluted titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ethanol. The composites were calcined at temperatures of 500, 700, and 900 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, and specular reflectance UV-visible spectrophotometry (SR UV-vis) were used for their characterization of composite. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by adding the composite into a 10 mg L−1 phenol solution for various irradiation time spans. The remaining concentration of phenol solution was determined by absorption at 269 nm. Cu-N-codoped ZrTiO4 composite containing 5% Cu calcined at 500 °C demonstrated the highest observed rate constant and a significant band gap decrease from 3.13 to 2.68 eV.
41

Xu, Botao, Xiangbiao Yin, Shunyan Ning, Yilai Zhong, Xinpeng Wang, Toyohisa Fujita, Mohammed F. Hamza und Yuezhou Wei. „Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media“. Toxics 12, Nr. 5 (10.05.2024): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050350.

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Zirconium is recognized as one of the main impurities of the rare earth element scandium during purification. It presents significant challenges due to its similar chemical properties, making separating it difficult. This study used trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) as a functional ligand, and the effects of carrier type and acidity on adsorption performance were first investigated. Among these, the novel extraction resin SiO2-P as a carrier for TRPO demonstrated more prominent separation performance in 0.2 M H2SO4 and 5 M HCl solutions. The kinetic and isotherm data were consistent with the pseudo-secondary kinetics and Langmuir model, respectively, and the adsorption process could be regarded as homogeneous monolayer adsorption subject to the dual effects of chemisorption and internal diffusion. In addition, thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process of zirconium under the experimental conditions was a spontaneous endothermic process. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses, scandium and zirconium were successfully adsorbed by the resin and uniformly distributed on its surface, and the greater affinity of the P=O groups on the resin for zirconium was the critical factor contributing to the separation of scandium and zirconium. Finally, scandium and zirconium in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid media were extracted and separated by column experiments, and the purity of scandium could reach 99.8% and 99.99%, respectively.
42

Chua, Chun Kiang, Zdeněk Sofer, Bahareh Khezri, Richard D. Webster und Martin Pumera. „Ball-milled sulfur-doped graphene materials contain metallic impurities originating from ball-milling apparatus: their influence on the catalytic properties“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, Nr. 27 (2016): 17875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03004a.

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Ball-milling apparatus is a source of metallic impurities in graphene materials. Sulfur-doped graphene obtained from zirconium dioxide-based ball-milling apparatus contains drastically lower amount of metallic impurities than that obtained from stainless-steel based ball-milling apparatus. The metallic impurities exhibit catalytic effects toward the electrochemical catalysis of hydrazine and cumene hydroperoxide.
43

Fischer, A., F. C. Jentoft, G. Weinberg, R. Schlögl, T. P. Niesen, J. Bill, F. Aldinger, M. R. De Guire und M. Rühle. „Characterization of thin films containing zirconium, oxygen, and sulfur by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy“. Journal of Materials Research 14, Nr. 9 (September 1999): 3725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0503.

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Oxidic zirconium films prepared by chemical deposition from aqueous medium on sulfonic acid terminated self-assembled monolayers attached to an oxidized silicon surface were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Bulk precipitate forms in the 4 mM Zr(SO4)2 · 4H2O, 0.4 N HCl deposition medium at 343 K after approximately 30 min. Precipitate particles (200 nm and larger) were found embedded in the oxidic zirconium film and adsorbed on top of the film; they could be washed off, but patches of the film were removed. Working with unstable deposition solutions, in which homogeneous nucleation occurs, leads to preparation-inherent flaws in the film.
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Wang, Sitan, Tao Yin, Xuan Meng, Naiwang Liu und Li Shi. „Synthesis of Al-incorporated sulfated zirconia with improved and stabilized surface sulfur species for removal of trace olefins from aromatics“. Catalysis Science & Technology 12, Nr. 1 (2022): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy01443a.

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Incorporating Al into zirconia significantly improves and stabilizes the surface sulfur species. The outstanding catalytic performance of Al-incorporated sulfated zirconia was obtained when it was applied in removing trace olefins from aromatics.
45

Witoon, Thongthai, Tinnavat Permsirivanich, Nawapon Kanjanasoontorn, Chalairat Akkaraphataworn, Anusorn Seubsai, Kajornsak Faungnawakij, Chompunuch Warakulwit, Metta Chareonpanich und Jumras Limtrakul. „Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 hydrogenation over Cu–ZnO–ZrO2/SO42−–ZrO2 hybrid catalysts: effects of sulfur-to-zirconia ratios“. Catalysis Science & Technology 5, Nr. 4 (2015): 2347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy01568a.

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46

Baecker, Daniel, und Sebastian Guenther. „General Applicability of High-Resolution Continuum-Source Graphite Furnace Molecular Absorption Spectrometry to the Quantification of Oligopeptides Using the Example of Glutathione“. Analytica 3, Nr. 1 (16.01.2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/analytica3010003.

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This communication introduces the first-time application of high-resolution continuum-source molecular absorption spectrometry (HR CS MAS) for the quantification of a peptide. The graphite furnace technique was employed and the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) served as a model compound. Based on measuring sulfur in terms of carbon monosulfide (CS), a method was elaborated to analyze aqueous solutions of GSH. The most prominent wavelength of the CS molecule occurred at 258.0560 nm and was adduced for monitoring. The methodological development covered the optimization of the pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures. These were found optimally to be 250 °C and 2250 °C, respectively. Moreover, the effect of modifiers (zirconium, calcium, magnesium, palladium) on the absorption signals was investigated. The best results were obtained after permanent coating of the graphite tube with zirconium (total amount of 400 μg) and adding a combination of palladium (10 µL, 10 g L−1) and calcium (2 µL, 1 g L−1) as a chemical modifier to the probes (10 µL). Aqueous standard samples of GSH were used for the calibration. It showed a linear range of 2.5–100 µg mL−1 sulfur contained in GSH with a correlation coefficient R2 > 0.997. The developed method exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 2.1 µg mL−1 and 4.3 µg mL−1 sulfur, respectively. The characteristic mass accounted for 5.9 ng sulfur. The method confirmed the general suitability of MAS for the analysis of an oligopeptide. Thus, this study serves as groundwork for further development in order to extend the application of classical atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
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Huang, Xingqi, Ting Zhao, Chunxiao Yan, Yanren Jin, Yue Wu und Lingxuan Zhang. „Decontamination performance of air filter paper impregnated with zirconium hydroxide on sulfur mustard“. E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702063.

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Using zirconium hydroxide as a decontaminant, a kind of self-decontaminating air filter paper that can effectively degrade HD was successfully prepared by impregnating. The morphology and filtration efficiency of the filter paper before and after immersing were compared. The filtration efficiency increased linearly and slowly, with the regression equation: η=0.0001L+99.971. The liquid-solid decontamination reaction of HD on zirconium hydroxide powder and self-decontaminating filter paper conformed to the kinetic of quasi-first-order reaction and found that half-lives were 0.4 h and 2.1 h respectively. Good degradation performance for HD was exhibited and the degradation rate reached more than 99 % in 12 hours. Reaction products were analysed by GC-MS, which displayed that HD was decomposed through the substitution of chlorine and the elimination of H on α-C. The ultimate decontamination products were thiodiglycol and 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl sulfide without erosive toxicity.
48

Sutrisno, J., I. Pramudya, A. Latief, R. Hanbury und A. Fuchs. „Composite Membrane of Zirconium Sulfate -Poly(Ether Sulfone Quinoxalines) for Hydrogen and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells“. ECS Transactions 45, Nr. 23 (02.04.2013): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/04523.0059ecst.

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49

Luo, Zhicheng, und Chen Zhao. „Mechanistic insights into selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived β-O-4 linkage to aromatic hydrocarbons in water“. Catalysis Science & Technology 6, Nr. 10 (2016): 3476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01434d.

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The route for selective hydrodeoxygenation of phenethoxybenzene (PEB, which represents the dominant β-O-4 linkage in lignin) to produce benzene and ethylbenzene is realized by employing a multi-functional Ru/sulfate zirconium (Ru/SZ) catalyst in the aqueous phase.
50

Yan, Y., N. Miura und N. Yamazoe. „Construction and Working Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide Sensor Utilizing Stabilized Zirconia and Metal Sulfate“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 143, Nr. 2 (01.02.1996): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1836487.

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