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Moore, Mark E., und Alison M. Konrad. „A reflection of the contributions of “Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures”“. Gender in Management: An International Journal 25, Nr. 2 (16.03.2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411011026276.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a reflection of contributions made by the paper “Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures.”Design/methodology/approachThe approach the paper took in preparing this reflection was to offer the recollections as why the study was initiated and the significance it has had since being in print.FindingsIn this paper, four key outcomes of the original study are identified and discussed. They are that women rated their leaders as significantly less committed to gender equity than men did; that experiencing a gender equity lawsuit increased top management's philosophical support of gender equity, that top management support for gender equity is significantly positively associated with both substantive human resource management (HRM) practices and the percentage of female managers in the organization; and that the presence of substantive HRM practices for gender equity is unrelated to the employment of female sport managers.Originality/valueThe paper offers insight on the significance of the original paper and communicates the importance of further practical and scholarly efforts to increase gender equity within management.
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McGregor, Judy, und Sharyn Graham Davies. „Achieving pay equity: Strategic mobilization for substantive equality in Aotearoa New Zealand“. Gender, Work & Organization 26, Nr. 5 (22.05.2018): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12253.
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Canham, Hugo. „“Tea girl and garden boy” bankers: exploring substantive equality in bankers’ narratives“. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 38, Nr. 4 (20.05.2019): 402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2017-0148.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore what narratives of inequality tell us about societal inequality both inside and outside of workplaces. It illuminates the intertwined fates of social agents and the productive potential of seeing organisational actors as social beings in order to advance resistance and substantive equality. Design/methodology/approach This research empirically examines narratives of inequality and substantive empowerment among a group of 25 black bankers within a major bank in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were gathered through one-on-one interviews. The data were analysed using narrative analysis. Findings The findings indicate that narratives of organisational agents always contain fragments of personal and societal narratives. An intersectional lens of how people experience inequality allows us to work towards a more substantive kind of equality. Substantive equality of organisational actors is closely tied to the recognition and elimination of broader societal inequality. Research limitations/implications The implications for teaching and research are for scholars to methodically centre the continuities between the personal, organisational and societal in ways that highlight the productive tensions and possibilities for a more radical form of equality. Moreover, teaching, research and policy interventions should always foreground how the present comes to be constituted historically. Practical implications Policy and inclusivity interventions would be better served by using substantive empowerment as a theoretical base for deeper changes beyond what we currently conceive of as empowerment. At base, this requires policy makers and diversity practitioners to see all oppression and inequality as interconnected. Individuals are simultaneously organisational beings and societal agents. Social implications Third world approaches to diversity and inclusion need to be vigilant against globalised western notions of equity that are not contextually and historically informed. The failure of equity initiatives in SA means that alternative ideas and approaches are necessary. Originality/value The paper illustrates how individual narratives become social scripts of resistance. It develops a way for attaining substantive empowerment through the use of narrative approaches. It allows us to see that employees are also social agents.
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Van Dijk, H. G., und H. M. Nkwana. „The Face of Food Insecurity is Female: A Post- Colonial Feminist Argument for Rural Women“. African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n1a5.
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The achievement of food security is a global priority, but remains a particular challenge for rural women. International frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure zero hunger, improved nutrition and the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Yet, while the SDGs have significantly broadened the scope of targets focused on achieving gender equity and women's empowerment, as well as recognising that gender equality has a social, economic and political dimension, they remain silent on how substantive gender justice would be achieved. Using a post-colonial feminist perspective, the paper argues that the political, economic and social dimensions, specifically regarding food security, are interconnected and rooted in power inequality and patriarchy. The paper uses a qualitative content analysis to determine the extent to which policy frameworks developed in support of rural women in South Africa are gendered to reflect the experienced realities of women in rural, culturally traditional communities.
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Richie, Beth E., Valli Kalei Kanuha und Kayla Marie Martensen. „Colluding With and Resisting the State: Organizing Against Gender Violence in the U.S.“ Feminist Criminology 16, Nr. 3 (19.01.2021): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120987607.
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The movements for racial justice, health equity, and economic relief have been activated in the contentious and challenging climate of 2020, with COVID-19 and social protest. In this context, feminist scholars, anti-violence advocates, and transformative justice practitioners have renewed their call for substantive changes to all forms of gender-based violence. This article offers a genealogy of the battered women’s movement in the U.S. from the lived experiences of two longtime activists. These reflections offer an analysis of the political praxis which evolved over the past half century of the anti-violence movement, and which has foregrounded the current social, political, and ideological framing of gender-based violence today. We conclude with a view to the future, focusing on the possibilities for transformative justice and abolition feminism as a return to our radical roots and ancestral histories.
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KHINDUKA, SHANTI K. „CHALLENGES OF THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE“. Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 35, Nr. 01n02 (Januar 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620100002x.
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Despite tremendous progress in the 20th century in increasing life expectancy and spreading freedom and democracy, serious problems of poverty, environmental degradation, gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discord, and social inequality persist in most parts of the world as we enter the 21st century. A dynamic profession of social work, committed internally to knowledge development and to furthering the competence of its members and externally to high quality care giving and to substantive institutional reform, must carve out a role for itself in meeting the great challenge of our time, viz. balancing economic development with social equity.
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De Soysa, Indra, und Oda L. Lewin. „Gender empowerment, inequalities and the prevalence of adult female obesity: An empirical analysis using new data, 1990–2013“. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, Nr. 8 (21.10.2018): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818807568.
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Aims: Do gender inequality and gender discrimination explain female obesity? Discrimination denies access to choose and constrains agency. Scope: Using the Global Burden of Disease data on overweight and obesity share of the adult female population for almost 160 countries over a 24-year period, we find that female empowerment has no effect on the population share that is overweight, but it reduces the obese share of women. The substantive impact is, however, slight and the results are not robust to testing a sample of only developing countries. Political freedoms for women in general, however, show positive effects on the prevalence of obesity, results that are again substantively meagre. Higher levels of income inequality and a measure of health inequality predict lower levels of female obesity independently of the controls, which raises some doubt about large arguments linking generalized inequality to obesogenic environments. Results: In so far as our measures of female empowerment capture greater access to rights and agency, they are poor predictors of the prevalence of obesity. The results suggest that local-level idiosyncrasies matter a lot more than do macro-level factors. Conclusions: Any conclusion should be treated tentatively given the short temporal domain examined here and uncertainties in the data. While promoting rights and equity for women are still intrinsically valuable and moral, the task of reducing obesity per se may require more targeted public action promoting healthier lifestyles and consumption among vulnerable groups.
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Oswald, Austin, und Vanessa Fabbre. „Applied Scholarship in LGBTQ Aging: Implications for Policy and Practice“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2339.
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Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) elders have shown considerable strength while aging in a society predicated on heteronormative and binary expectations for gender and sexuality. The life trajectories of LGBTQ older adults are shaped by discrimination and stigmatization, and the embodied resistance that comes with demanding their full participation and recognition in society. This symposium highlights the innovative scholarship of emerging scholars in the field of LGBTQ aging who are engaging in diverse substantive and methodological investigations. The first study takes a comparative cohort approach to explore differences in stressors and depressive symptomatology between younger and older sexual minorities, highlighting the significance of cohort effects among LGBTQ people. The second paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine anticipated nursing home placement needs between LGB and heterosexual adults with suggestions to better prepare aging service networks. The third describes the influence of state legislature mandating LGBTQ-sensitivity training by examining differences in provider baseline knowledge and attitudes toward LGBTQ older adults in two states, one mandating LGBTQ-sensitivity training and one not. The final paper highlights findings from a multi-methods study that explores how long-term care workers, managers, and administrators respond when staff, visitors, or residents challenge LGBTQ rights for religious and moral reasons. Although substantively and methodologically varied, these studies all demonstrate the importance of applied scholarship that builds knowledge in support of policies and practices that promote equity among LGBTQ individuals across the life course. Rainbow Research Group Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Swartz, Ethné, Frances M. Amatucci und Susan Coleman. „Using a multiple method and mixed mode approach to examine women entrepreneur negotiating styles“. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, Nr. 1 (14.03.2016): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-09-2013-0060.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore an optimal research design for research on women entrepreneurs involved in negotiating term sheets for private equity capital. This research explores new ways for researchers to connect with such current “invisibles” through the use of a mixed method and mixed mode research design to expand sampling options and secure respondent participation. The authors discuss existing data sets that have been used as secondary sources for data on financing of companies and consider their inadequacy for research questions about process issues in negotiation. The authors present process-related findings regarding the efficacy of the research design. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews research on research methodology, incorporating a discussion of practices outside of the entrepreneurship discipline to discover effective practices for identifying respondents and data not currently captured in entrepreneurship data sources. The respondents were found through social media sites, angel networks, University networks and via identification through a proprietary financial intelligence database. Findings – An optimal research design to identify women business owners of growth-oriented firms who have negotiated private equity should consider mixed methods designs and mixed modes, including the use of digital networks that signal to potential respondents that research is being done. Research limitations/implications – Although the authors developed the multi-method, mixed mode (MMMM) research design, the sample size is still relatively small. This raises concerns about generalizability to the larger population and limits statistical analysis more suitable with larger data sets. However, the MMMM research design has enabled the authors to reach a difficult target sample. It has proven effective, although a longer time frame would have been helpful. Research limitations/implications – All of the large scale databases in entrepreneurship have limitations in providing optimal sampling frames for process-related research. The present research study was able to use conventional networks, social media sites and angel networks to connect with women business owners who have raised private equity, but who lack visibility in current data sets. The study shows that through the use of multiple methods, women entrepreneurs can be researched and some will share their experiences about process issues. The sample size was small and the quantitative data cannot be generalized. However, the methodology works and allows researchers to explore experiences that are not captured in existing data sets. Social implications – Entrepreneurship researchers can connect with “invisibles” by becoming more “social” and using social media sites that are used by women entrepreneurs. Researchers may not have immediate access to women entrepreneurs through these means, but rather they need to develop interpersonal contacts, build a social presence and trust to recruit respondents to complete online questionnaire studies about substantive topics such as negotiating term sheets for equity investments in their companies. Originality/value – This paper summarizes the “research on research methodologies” in entrepreneurship, reviews secondary data sources and discusses their limitations for specific types of research questions. A review of the value of MMMM research designs and best practices in online survey research outside of entrepreneurship provides insights into the incorporation of digital tools in other disciplines.
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Yong, Sarah A., Cara L. Moore und Sandra M. Lussier. „Towards gender equity in intensive care medicine: ten practical strategies for improving diversity“. Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, Nr. 2 (07.06.2021): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.sc1.
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Gender balance in intensive care medicine (ICM) is a worthy goal for numerous reasons. However, despite reaching parity in medical school and a substantial rise in the proportion of female ICM trainees over the past decade, women remain under-represented in ICM in Australia and New Zealand. Women comprise 21% of fellows and are underrepresented in academia and positions of leadership.
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Mehta, Jyotsna, Hongwei Wang, Usman Iqbal und Ruben A. Mesa. „Analysis of the Impact and Burden of Illness of Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) in the US“. Blood 120, Nr. 21 (16.11.2012): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2071.2071.
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Abstract Abstract 2071 Background: PV and ET are clonal stem cell diseases belonging to the 3 BCR ABL negative myelopoliferative neoplasms. Patients with PV and ET suffer from splenomegaly and disease associated symptoms such as pruritus, night sweats, fatigue, and bone pain. Both diseases, if progressive despite standard therapies, are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, bleeding, and progression to MF or even acute myeloid leukemia. Literature estimates looking at burden of illness are lacking for these disorders. Hence, real world analyses evaluating economic burden are imperative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of these disorders by describing the patient demographics, prevalence, comorbidities, utilization and costs using large scale databases. Method: The US IMPACT® claims database was used to retrospectively identify unique patients with PV and ET between 1/1/08 and 12/31/10. This database is a fully de-identified, HIPAA compliant national database that captures the complete medical history for over 100M managed care individuals, including patient demographics, disease description, laboratory results, and details of medical, pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient claims. ICD9 CM codes were used to identify PV and ET. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to assess overall comorbid disease status. Enrollment was restricted to those with a full year of medical and pharmacy benefit. Control group was age and gender matched but without any diagnosis of PV or ET. Medical costs include inpatient, outpatient and ER cost. Result: In 2010, we identified 5752 PV patients from ∼12M enrollees. This corresponds to an age adjusted prevalence of 56.5 cases/100000 patients. Compared with age gender matched control patients, PV patients had higher overall comorbidities (mean CCI 1.2 vs 0.7), were hospitalized more often (16% vs 8%), had higher average number of hospital days spent (1.7 vs 0.8), and had more outpatient visits (31 vs 18). PV patients incurred much higher average annual cost ($14,903 vs $7,913) than age gender matched controls driven by both medical ($12,006 vs $6,188) and pharmacy ($2,897 vs $1,724) cost. In 2010, we identified 5483 ET patients from ∼12M enrollees. This corresponds to an age adjusted prevalence of 56.1 cases/100000 patients. Compared with age gender matched control patients, ET patients had higher overall comorbidities (mean CCI 1.4 vs 0.7), were hospitalized more often (30% vs 9%), had higher average number of hospital days spent (5 vs 0.9 days), and had more outpatient visits (37 vs 19). ET patients incurred much higher average annual cost ($29,553 vs $8,026) than age gender matched controls driven by both medical ($26,287 vs $6,394) and pharmacy ($3,267 vs $1,631) cost. Similar trend was observed in 2008 and 2009. Over a period of 3 years, annual cost of PV ranged from $14,000-$16,000 and those of ET ranged from $29,000-$31,000. The utilization rate and total cost in each of conditions were significantly higher than those of their matched patients in each of the 3 years. Conclusion: PV and ET are associated with significant burden of illness. Healthcare expenditure was twice as higher in PV patients compared with the control group. ET patients incurred more than 3 times the healthcare expenditure than the control group. Our study indicates that PV and ET associated medical resource utilization and the corresponding expenditures for those services are substantive. In order to reduce the burden of illness associated with these diseases, continued efforts in the development of more efficacious treatments for these disorders are needed. Disclosures: Mehta: Sanofi: Employment. Wang:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Iqbal:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mesa:Incyte: Research Funding; Lilly: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; NS Pharma: Research Funding; YM Bioscience: Research Funding.
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MINGXIA, CHEN. „From Legal to Substantive Equality“. Violence Against Women 5, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1999): 1394–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778019922183444.
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Siddiqi, N., und M. Shafiq. „Cultural value orientation and gender equity: a review“. Social Psychology and Society 8, Nr. 3 (2017): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2017080304.
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In the recent past, gender issues have grabbed substantial attention from social scientists, activists and academic fraternity. Right from family to workplace to society at large, attempts have been initiated to advocate equal rights for women in different spheres of life. Despite social activists and policy makers striving hard towards gender sensitization, gender discrimination still persists in various domains of life. Therefore, there is a strong need to identify the factors that potentially determine people’s attitude towards gender equity. With this very objective, the current study examines existing literature on gender discrimination and its association with Hofstede’s (1980) cultural values. Following the “Gender-Organization-System Approach”, the present study postulates that gender equality or inequality results from a complex interaction of individual, organizational and societal factors and that it cannot be explained in isolation from the broader socio-cultural milieu. Extensive review of literature indicates that cultural values are significant predictors of people’s attitude towards gender equity and that the extent to which people conform to existing gender roles determine how much people support the idea of gender equality. The study has significant practical implications since, by means of detecting such “causal factors”, more positive attitudinal changes can be brought about and gender egalitarian attitudes can be cultivated.
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Foley, Meraiah, Sue Williamson und Sarah Mosseri. „Women, work and industrial relations in Australia in 2019“. Journal of Industrial Relations 62, Nr. 3 (18.03.2020): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620909402.
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Interest in women’s labour force participation, economic security and pay equity received substantial media and public policy attention throughout 2019, largely attributable to the federal election and the Australian Labor Party platform, which included a comprehensive suite of policies aimed at advancing workplace gender equality. Following the Australian Labor Party’s unexpected loss at the polls, however, workplace gender equality largely faded from the political agenda. In this annual review, we cover key gender equality indicators in Australia, examine key election promises made by both major parties, discuss the implications of the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety for the female-dominated aged care workforce, and provide a gendered analysis on recent debates and developments surrounding the ‘future of work’ in Australia.
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Wang, Hongwei, Jyotsna Mehta, Usman Iqbal und Ruben A. Mesa. „Analysis of the Impact and Burden of Illness of Myelofibrosis in the US“. Blood 120, Nr. 21 (16.11.2012): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.972.972.
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Abstract Abstract 972 Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. Common disease manifestations include bone marrow failure, enlarged spleen due to extramedulary hematopoiesis (splenomegaly), debilitating symptoms including fatigue, night sweats, pruritus, early satiety, abdominal pain and discomfort, and marked decrement in patient's quality of life (QoL). Decreased survival is a hallmark of the disease as a result of infections, bleeding and leukemic transformations. There are no recent literature estimates looking at clinical and economic burden of illness of this rare disease. The objective of this study was to describe patient demographics, prevalence, comorbidities, utilization and costs for MF using real-world data. Methods: The US IMPACT® insurance claims database was used to retrospectively identify unique patients with any MF (including all primary and secondary MF cases) between 1/1/08 and 12/31/10. The IMPACT database is a fully de-identified, HIPAA compliant national database that captures the complete medical history for over 100 million managed-care individuals, including patient demographics, disease description, laboratory results, details of medical, pharmacy, outpatient, and inpatient claims. These databases can track patients longitudinally over multiple years, are linked at the patient level by a unique identifier that is consistent across services, health plans, and time and are representative of the US population. ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify MF. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was employed to assess overall comorbid disease status. Enrollment was restricted to those with full year of medical and pharmacy benefit. Control group was age and gender matched but without any diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Medical costs include inpatient, outpatient and emergency room cost. Results: In 2010, 433 patients with MF (mean age 60, 50% female) were identified from about 12 million enrollees. This corresponds to an age-adjusted prevalence of 5.4 per 100,000 patients. Compared with age-gender matched control patients, MF patients had higher overall comorbidities (mean CCI of 2.1 vs. 0.9), were hospitalized more often (34% vs. 11%), had higher number of average hospital days (7 vs. 1 day), and had more outpatient office visits (58 vs. 22) in 2010. Accordingly, MF patients incurred much higher average annual cost ($54,168 vs $10,203) driven by both medical ($45,646 vs $7,987) and pharmacy ($8,523 vs $2,216) cost. Over a period of 3 years, annual cost of MF ranged from $54,000-$68,000. The utilization rate and total cost in each of conditions were significantly higher than those of their matched patients in each of the three years. Conclusions: Myelofibrosis is associated with a significant burden of illness. Patient with MF incurred about five times healthcare expenditure than those in the control group. Our study indicates that MF-associated medical resource utilization and the corresponding expenditures for those services are substantive. Continued efforts in the development of more efficacious treatments for myelofibrosis are needed in order to reduce the burden of illness associated with this disease. Disclosures: Wang: Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mehta:Sanofi: Employment. Iqbal:Sanofi: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mesa:Incyte: Research Funding; Lilly: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; NS Pharma: Research Funding; YM Bioscience: Research Funding.
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Heaton, Jacqueline. „Striving for Substantive Gender Equality in Family Law: Selected Issues“. South African Journal on Human Rights 21, Nr. 4 (Januar 2005): 547–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2005.11865148.
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Strauss, Cee. „Section 28’s Potential to Guarantee Substantive Gender Equality in Hak c Procureur général du Québec“. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 33, Nr. 1 (01.08.2021): 84–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.33.1.04.
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Hak c Procureure générale du Québec is an action that has combined four distinct challenges to An Act Respecting the Laicity of the State . In this article, I canvass section 28 doctrine and jurisprudence to outline the purpose and role of section 28 in order to understand how it might operate in the challenge undertaken in Hak . To do so, I conduct a purposive analysis of section 28. In my opinion, section 28 has two distinct purposes: first, it acts as a “gender equality interpretive tool” that requires judges to choose constitutional interpretations that favour substantive gender equality and, second, it ensures that substantive gender equality cannot be overridden by anything else in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Within these broad purposes, I also discuss section 28’s status as an interpretive provision that confers the substantive right to substantive equality, and I offer illustrations of the gender equality tool in case law. I conclude with the potential of section 28 to operate as a gender equality tool in Hak , including its potential to do so intersectionally.
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van Dijk, Tara. „Reservation in India and Substantive Gender Equality: A Mumbai Case Study“. International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 7, Nr. 5 (2007): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v07i05/39454.
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Zhang, Xiaoyan. „Substantial study on the occupation development of gender equality“. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 22, Nr. 5 (September 2012): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.08.005.
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Keddie, Amanda, und Martin Mills. „Teaching for Gender Justice“. Australian Journal of Education 51, Nr. 2 (August 2007): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494410705100208.
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Since the mid 1990s ‘boys' as an equity concern have come to dominate the gender and education agenda in many countries. This has been particularly the case in Australia where substantial funding has been invested in research to investigate boys' issues, into a federal parliamentary inquiry into boys' education and into schools that have a particular focus on improving boys' education. The discourses that work to construct boys as an equity concern have had differing impacts upon teachers' philosophies and practices in relation to boys' education. In this paper we locate two teacher stories within the context of broader gender equity discourses in Australia. Against a backdrop that attempts to articulate the primary concerns of two secondary teachers in relation to effectively teaching boys, the stories explore implications for gender justice that can be associated with, on the one hand, an affirmative approach, and on the other, a transformative approach to issues of boys and schooling.
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Pickett, Moneque Walker, Marvin P. Dawkins und Jomills Henry Braddock. „Race and Gender Equity in Sports“. American Behavioral Scientist 56, Nr. 11 (10.10.2012): 1581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764212458282.
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Males have been the dominant focus of sports participation in America since the 19th century. Serious examination of women’s participation in sports did not begin to receive substantial treatment until the early 1970s, when social and legal forces led to the enactment of Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of the present study is to address the question of whether Black and White women have benefited equally from Title IX by (a) examining Post–Title IX trends in Black and White females’ sport participation in high school and college, using data from national longitudinal surveys; (b) assessing the effect of race on sport participation opportunities for high school girls based on these data:, and (c) examining legal cases involving Title IX to assess the extent to which legal challenges have improved access to and participation of Black women in sports relative to their White female counterparts. The findings of the current study reveal that this benefit has not been shared equally by White and African American females. High schools attended by African American females do not offer the same range of sports as those available in schools attended by White females.
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Anagnostou, Dia. „Gender Constitutional Reform and Feminist Mobilization in Greece and the EU: From Formal to Substantive Equality?“ Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 28, Nr. 02 (20.06.2013): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2013.18.
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Abstract Over the past fifteen years, substantive equality and the idea of positive measures to tackle the structural roots of gender inequality have increasingly gained currency in Europe. Focusing on the case of Greece, this article explores the factors that promote constitutional and statutory reforms to promote substantive equality, and examines the effect of such reforms on gender equality rights and policy. It argues that domestic legal and social mobilization by feminists, who participated in transnational networks, were instrumental in the diffusion of the relevant EU and international norms, leading to a shift in the courts’ jurisprudence and to a constitutional amendment recognizing substantive equality. At the same time, the paper also underscores the ambivalent and limited effects of constitutionalizing substantive equality and positive measures in the absence of ongoing actions aimed at raising awareness and pushing for effective implementation.
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van Gellecum, Yolanda, Janeen Baxter und Mark Western. „Neoliberalism, gender inequality and the Australian labour market“. Journal of Sociology 44, Nr. 1 (März 2008): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307085842.
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Over the past 25 years neoliberal philosophies have increasingly informed labour market policies in Australia that have led to increasing levels of wage decentralization. The most recent industrial relations changes aim to decentralize wage setting significantly further than has previously been the case. We argue that this is problematic for gender equity as wage decentralization will entrench rather than challenge the undervaluation of feminized work. In this article we provide an overview of key neoliberal industrial relations policy changes pertinent to gender equity and examine the current state of gender equity in the labour market. Results show that women's labour force participation has steadily increased over time but that a number of negative trends exclude women with substantial caring responsibilities from pursuing a career track. The implications of increasing levels of wage deregulation are that gender wage inequality and the potential for discrimination will grow.
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Lahey, Kathleen A. „Women, Substantive Equality, and Fiscal Policy: Gender-Based Analysis of Taxes, Benefits, and Budgets“. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 22, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 27–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.22.1.027.
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Amirkhanyan, Hayk, Michał Wiktor Krawczyk und Maciej Wilamowski. „Gender inequality and national gender gaps in overconfidence“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 4 (15.04.2021): e0249459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249459.
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Using a large dataset of marathon runners, we estimate country- and gender-specific proxies for overconfidence. Subsequently, we correlate them with a number of indices, including various measures of gender equality. We find that in less gender-equal countries both males and females tend to be more self-confident than in more equal countries. While a substantial gender gap in overconfidence is observed, it only correlates with some sub-indices of gender equality. We conclude that there is likely a weak relationship between OC gender gap and gender inequality.
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Itzkovitch-Malka, Reut, und Chen Friedberg. „Gendering security: The substantive representation of women in the Israeli parliament“. European Journal of Women's Studies 25, Nr. 4 (29.12.2016): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506816684898.
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The study focuses on the links between gender and national security in the legislative arena in Israel, considering whether men and women legislators prioritize security differently, alongside other thematic policy areas. The centrality of national security issues in Israeli politics makes it a good case study for these questions, as it enhances existing gendered stereotypes. The article examines two competing hypotheses. The first suggests that Israeli female legislators will mostly refrain from addressing national security policy issues, focusing instead on softer policy issues, such as gender equality, education, health, and welfare. The second suggests the opposite, claiming that women legislators in Israel will align themselves with their male counterparts’ set of priorities, focusing heavily on issues related to national security. The study finds support mostly for the former: Israeli female legislators are especially active in policy areas relating to women’s issues and children/family and are less active in regard to national security, a policy area heavily dominated by male legislators.
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Goonesekere, Savitri. „From social welfare to human rights for girls – a path to achieving gender equality“. International Journal of Law in Context 10, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2014): 478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552314000238.
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AbstractDespite international and national human rights norms and standards, gender equality remains a goal in most countries. The recent discourse on substantive equality as a strategy for addressing the gender discrimination, disadvantage and deep-rooted social biases has reinforced the importance of working towards indivisible human rights for girls and women under CRC and CEDAW. This paper uses international and comparative national experiences on law and policy to argue that the failure to adopt an indivisibility of rights approach in relation to girl children has made it more difficult to achieve a norm of substantive equality for women. It is argued that the adoption of an intergenerational and rights-based, rather than a social welfare approach, is a necessary step to achieving substantive equality for women.
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Moore, Mark E., Bonnie L. Parkhouse und Alison M. Konrad. „Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures“. Gender in Management: An International Journal 25, Nr. 2 (16.03.2010): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411011026285.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the effects of organizational characteristics, philosophical support, and substantive human resource management (HRM) programs on promoting gender equality within sport management.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire is developed to collect data on philosophical support and HRM practices within sport organizations and sent to 500 collegiate and professional sport organizations in the USA; 196 respondents (39 percent) returned their completed survey forms.FindingsFindings indicate significant confirmatory paths between experiencing a gender discrimination lawsuit and philosophical support (t=−3.14, p<0.05), philosophical support and substantive HRM programs (t=9.56, p<0.05) and philosophical support and representation of female managers (t=2.36, p<0.05). The paper concludes that philosophical support of top managers leads to the development of substantive HRM programs to promote gender equality in sport management and greater female manager representation.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful insights into the effect of philosophical support from top managers on HRM programs that promote gender equality in sport management.
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Durojaye, Ebenezer. „Between rhetoric and reality: the relevance of substantive equality approach to addressing gender inequality in Mozambique“. Afrika Focus 30, Nr. 1 (26.02.2017): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03001004.
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The purpose of this article is to examine the socio-cultur.il challenges that continue to limit women’s enjoyment of their fundamental rights and freedoms in Mozambique. In this regard, this article focuses on three areas of gender inequality- denial of inheritance rights, sexual violence and early/ child marriage-in the country. In addition, the article, using a substantive equality approach, critically examines whether the steps and measures taken by the government of Mozambique to address gender inequality are consistent with its obligations under international human rights law. For the purpose of this analysis, the article focuses on Mozambique’s obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CBDAW) and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women (African Women’s Protorol). The article concludes by making suggestions on how Mozambique can better safeguard the rights of women and improve their status.
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Stone, Lee. „Two decades of jurisprudence on substantive gender equality: What the Constitutional Court got right and wrong“. Agenda 30, Nr. 1 (02.01.2016): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2016.1189239.
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Meier, Petra. „CRITICAL FRAME ANALYSIS OF EU GENDER EQUALITY POLICIES: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN“. Representation 44, Nr. 2 (Juli 2008): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344890802079656.
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Jakešević, Ružica, und Đana Luša. „Breaking the glass ceiling: the role of the UN and the EU in promoting women in politics“. Politička misao 58, Nr. 2 (05.05.2021): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20901/pm.58.2.02.
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Politics has traditionally been reserved for men, meaning it has been very difficult for women to enter at the highest level. The progress in gender equality in politics has been uneven so far and significant differences exist among states and regions. The male dominance in state politics has translated into the international realm in international entities and multilateral political platforms as well. Although these entities gradually introduced the principles of gender equality and promoted an increased participation of women in political life in their constituent states through key documents, they face the same problem – how to ensure at least a formal and descriptive representation of women at the highest level and how to translate stated or symbolic gender equality from key documents into practice (symbolic to substantive representation). The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the historical development of the international framework for the equal participation of women in politics. Particularly, this paper analyses how two international entities – the UN and the EU – contribute to overcoming the gender-gap in politics, and whether their activities have influenced an increased participation of women in politics (descriptive representation).
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Mészáros, István. „The Challenge of Sustainable Development and the Culture of Substantive Equality“. Monthly Review 53, Nr. 7 (02.12.2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-053-07-2001-11_2.
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O'cinneide, Colm. „Positive Duties and Gender Equality“. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 8, Nr. 1-2 (Dezember 2005): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822910500800206.
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The imposition since 1998 of a variety of positive equality duties upon public authorities has attracted comparatively little academic attention. However, these duties are a central part of current government equality initiatives, increasingly constitute a major part of the work of the UK's equality commissions, and have been described as an essential part of a new ‘fourth generation’ of equality legislation. It now appears likely that a positive duty to promote gender equality will soon be imposed upon public authorities, which will complement similar race and disability duties. Will the introduction of this positive gender equality duty add to, detract or complement existing statutory provisions? Given the danger that ‘soft law’ initiatives may undermine existing anti-discrimination controls, will the duty provide a clear steer to public authorities, or will it lack teeth, substance and direction, and possibly even prove counter-productive? Such positive duties are designed to compensate for the limitations of existing anti-discrimination law, by requiring the taking of positive steps to promote equality and eliminate discrimination, rather than just compelling a reactive compliance with the letter of the (equality) law. The justifications in principle for the introduction of such duties are strong: for the first time, the introduction of a positive gender duty will impose a clear legislative obligation upon public authorities to adopt a substantive equality approach and to take proactive action to redress patterns of disadvantage linked to gender discrimination. Serious concerns do however exist as to the extent to which such duties can be enforced, and the danger that they will simply encourage greater bureaucratic activity at the expense of real change. The proposed gender duty, as with the other duties that have been introduced, is no panacea. Nevertheless, it does constitute a good start, can serve a useful function by empowering public authorities to take positive action, and if effectively used will be a very valuable point of pressure to push for better things.
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DUTTA, Sagnik. „From Accommodation to Substantive Equality: Muslim Personal Law, Secular Law, and the Indian Constitution 1985–2015“. Asian Journal of Law and Society 4, Nr. 1 (09.09.2016): 191–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2016.54.
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AbstractThe adjudication of religious personal laws of minority communities in India has been a domain of contestation between competing claims of cultural autonomy, gender justice, and individual rights. The Supreme Court of India has time and again been confronted with the conflict between the secular law and legislation that protects group rights of minorities. While the existing literature has taken note of the attempts by the Indian state and the judiciary at legal-pluralist interventions to secure gender justice within the framework of personal laws based on religion, there has not been a sustained analysis of the discursive construction of constitutional law in dynamic interaction with the secular law and tenets of religion. This paper attempts to address this important gap in the scholarship using a discourse analysis of the judgments of the Supreme Court of India from 1985 until 2015 pertaining to post-divorce maintenance for Muslim women. I examine how the “rights” of Muslim women are framed in a realm of dynamic interaction between legislation premised on community identity, notions of constitutionalism, and personal laws based on religion to argue that the state adopts an interventionist role in a legal-pluralist paradigm; it further uses the specificity of community identity to foreground a vision of social justice.
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Bender, Anne-Francoise, und Frederique Pigeyre. „Job evaluation and gender pay equity: a French example“. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 35, Nr. 4 (16.05.2016): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2015-0062.
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Purpose Despite significant anti-discrimination laws in most countries, gender pay gap still remains a substantial concern. The notion of comparable worth has been promoted for several years by the ILO and a few countries to fight against relatively lower female salaries. The purpose of this paper is to review the rationales for comparable worth and explain how gender biases, generally involved in traditional job evaluation, can be prevented. Design/methodology/approach To do this, after reviewing the motives, logics and three major applications of comparable worth logics in pay equity policies, the authors expose an analysis of a French sectorial job classification that the authors carried out as experts for establishing a French Equality Ombudsman’s guide. Findings The findings show how the redundancy and definition of job evaluation criteria, along with the weighting system, contributes to undervaluation of clerks jobs, predominantly held by women. The authors also highlight the main recommendations of the guide to prevent gender bias in job evaluation, that are derived from this case study, among others. The authors conclude on the difficulties of implementing comparable worth in France, in a period of long lasting economic crisis and of weak union power. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on a single case study, conducted for policy actors. It was not conducted at first for academic research purposes, and may thus have some methodological limitations. The implications of the research are, however, important at academic level – highlighting the persistence of gender bias – and at policy level, as it provides recommendations for negotiators. Practical implications The guide originally aimed at giving guidelines and “good practices” in order to prevent gender discrimination in job evaluation. Social implications The paper draws attention to the importance and difficulty of undergoing such classification changes in times of economic crisis. Stronger legal action seems necessary. Originality/value This experience is the first of its kind – promoted by the Ombudsman – in France. It has never been related in an academic journal as far as the authors know.
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Baker, Bud, Ann Wendt und William Slonaker. „An Analysis of Gender Equity in the Federal Labor Relations Career Field“. Public Personnel Management 31, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2002): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100411.
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Since the term was popularized in the 1980s, the “glass ceiling” has become a significant concept in the American workplace. The metaphor describes a reality in which women and minorities tend to be overrepresented at the lower levels of an organization, yet underrepresented at more senior levels. The research described in this paper shows the progress of women in the federal government's labor relations career field during the 1990s. Using government employment statistics from throughout the 1990s, the article shows that women in labor relations have made significant progress toward equity in both salary and level of management. At the same time, the data presented show that there remains substantial room for continued improvement.
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Cohn, Daniel A., Maureen P. Kelly, Kalpana Bhandari, Kathryn L. Zoerhoff, Wilfrid E. Batcho, François Drabo, Nebiyu Negussu et al. „Gender equity in mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases: data from 16 countries“. International Health 11, Nr. 5 (08.03.2019): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz012.
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Abstract Background Gender equity in global health is a target of the Sustainable Development Goals and a requirement of just societies. Substantial progress has been made towards control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) via mass drug administration (MDA). However, little is known about whether MDA coverage is equitable. This study assesses the availability of gender-disaggregated data and whether systematic gender differences in MDA coverage exist. Methods Coverage data were analyzed for 4784 district-years in 16 countries from 2012 through 2016. The percentage of districts reporting gender-disaggregated data was calculated and male–female coverage compared. Results Reporting of gender-disaggregated coverage data improved from 32% of districts in 2012 to 90% in 2016. In 2016, median female coverage was 85.5% compared with 79.3% for males. Female coverage was higher than male coverage for all diseases. However, within-country differences exist, with 64 (3.3%) districts reporting male coverage >10 percentage points higher than female coverage. Conclusions Reporting of gender-disaggregated data is feasible. And NTD programs consistently achieve at least equal levels of coverage for women. Understanding gendered barriers to MDA for men and women remains a priority.
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Havelková, Barbara. „Resistance to Anti-Discrimination Law in Central and Eastern Europe–a Post-Communist Legacy?“ German Law Journal 17, Nr. 4 (August 2016): 627–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200021386.
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AbstractPost-communist Central and Eastern European ('CEE') legislators and judges have been resistant to equality and antidiscrimination law. This Article argues that these negative attitudes can be explained in part by the specific trajectory that EAL has taken in CEE during and after state socialism, which has differed from Western Europe. In the UK/EU, the formal guarantees of equal treatment and prohibitions of discrimination of the 1960s and 1970s were complemented by a more substantive understanding of equality in the 1990s and 2000s. This development was reversed in CEE—substantive equality, of a certain kind, preceded rather than followed formal equality and antidiscrimination guarantees.The State Socialist concern with equality was real, and yet the project was incomplete in several significant ways. It saw only socio-economic, but not socio-cultural inequalities (relating to dignity, identity or diversity). It was transformative with regards to class, but not other discrimination grounds, especially not gender. While equality was a constitutionally enshrined principle, there was an absence of any corresponding enforceable antidiscrimination right. Finally, the emphasis on the “natural” differences between the sexes meant that sex/gender discrimination was not recognized as conflicting with women's constitutional equality guarantees.
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Schwartz-Ziv, Miriam. „Gender and Board Activeness: The Role of a Critical Mass“. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52, Nr. 2 (23.03.2017): 751–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109017000059.
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This study analyzes detailed minutes of board meetings of business companies in which the Israeli government holds a substantial equity interest. Boards with at least 3 directors of each gender are found to be at least 79% more active at board meetings than those without such representation. This phenomenon is driven by women directors in particular; they are more active when a critical mass of at least 3 women is in attendance. Gender-balanced boards are also more likely to replace underperforming chief executive officers (CEOs) and are particularly active during periods when CEOs are being replaced.
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Bektas, Eda, und Esra Issever-Ekinci. „Who Represents Women in Turkey? An Analysis of Gender Difference in Private Bill Sponsorship in the 2011–15 Turkish Parliament“. Politics & Gender 15, Nr. 4 (28.11.2018): 851–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x18000363.
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AbstractIn this study, we examine substantive representation of women in the 2011–15 Turkish Parliament by focusing on sponsorship of private members’ bills by members of parliament (MPs) across eight major issue areas. The Turkish case offers new insights into women's representation, not only because this topic is unexplored in the Turkish context but also because it provides an opportunity to examine the tension between gender as a social identity and ideology as a political identity in a legislature characterized by disciplined political parties and low gender parity. Findings indicate that women MPs in Turkey substantively represent women by sponsoring more bills on women's rights and equality issues than their male colleagues, despite their low numbers in parliament and affiliation with highly disciplined parties. Party ideology also shapes women MPs’ issue priorities depending on the emphasis placed by the parties on different issue areas. Whereas left-wing women MPs sponsor more bills on women's rights and equality issues defined with a feminist accent, right-wing women MPs sponsor more bills on issues regarding children and family. Left-wing women also differ significantly from right-wing women in their sponsorship of bills on health and social affairs issues, as left-wing parties prioritize those issues more than right-wing parties.
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Chen, Lanyan. „Gender Statistics and Local Governance in China: State Feminist versus Feminist Political Economy Approaches“. China Quarterly 225 (29.01.2016): 190–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741015001630.
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AbstractGender statistics provide an essential tool to mainstream gender equality in policymaking through the recognition by government and the public of gender differences in all walks of life. One legacy of feminist movements since the 1990s has been a focus on the challenges women face to effect substantive equality with men. Based on the findings of a project carried out in three districts of Tianjin, this paper identifies a lack of gender statistics in China's statistical system and the resulting negative impacts on local policymaking. The findings point to weaknesses in the Chinese “state feminist” approach to gender statistics, mostly at the level of the central government. From a feminist political economy perspective, the paper argues, policymaking in China is a process built upon centralized statistical reporting systems that serve the senior governments more than local communities. Gender statistics have the potential to enhance local governance in China when policymaking becomes a site of contestation where community activists demand the use of statistics to assist policies that promote equality.
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Marhumah, Ema. „ARGUMENTASI ISLAM DALAM POLEMIK UNDANG‐ UNDANG KESETARAAN GENDER DI INDONESIA“. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 11, Nr. 2 (29.07.2012): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2012.112.155-166.
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In the substantive understanding of religion, there is no differentiation between man and woman. The Al-Quran enshrines the principles of justice, equality, democracy and muasyarahbilma’ruf(humanizing actions). This manner of interpretation must become the basis in understanding the connection between religious teachings and the Draft Law on Gender Equality. To see Islam in a theological light, indeed there are several religious texts which directly differentiate man and woman, but what we must realize is that the Quran which was bestowed upon the Prophet not only contained provisions on how to life one’s life, but also the method to organize life itself. Understanding Islam depends greatly on our manner of interpretation. If a patriarchal reading of Islam were to be fostered, then the result will be rejection of the draft law on the pretenses of religious desecration. However, if we were to understand religion on the basis of equality, then a solution to the existing problem will surely be found.
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Coggiola, Matteo, und Ivan Coste-Manière. „The Impact of Gender-neutral Communication on Brand Equity: A Study on Children Apparel Industry“. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.13.1.5.
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This work wants to analyze the impact of communication on Brand Equity, by comparing a gendered and an ungendered type of advertising relative to a brand of children apparel. The idea of this work comes from the acknowledgement that, to the current situation, there is little research on the pro/cons of the usage of a type of communication alternative to the traditional one and free of gender stereotypes, and on its objective consequences on brand dimensions. The study was conducted using a posttest-only control group design: participants were randomly assigned to two groups, control and intervention, and were presented with two different stimuli (a gendered and a gender-neutral one). Convenience sampling has been adopted for this research and an online close-ended response questionnaire was used for data gathering. A total of 152 responses were ultimately used in the study. The study challenges the argument that gender stereotypes are efficient tools to be used in communication to elicit a positive response and generate clearer brand associations in the viewer. The results showed how a gender-neutral type of communication has an overall positive effect on Brand Equity dimension, and how this result varies according to the age range of respondents, showing a substantial gap between Gen Z and elderly generations.
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Mullen, Ann L., und Jayne Baker. „Gender Gaps in Undergraduate Fields of Study: Do College Characteristics Matter?“ Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 4 (Januar 2018): 237802311878956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118789566.
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Despite gender parity in earned bachelor’s degrees, large gender gaps persist across fields of study. The dominant explanatory framework in this area of research assesses how gender differences in individual-level attributes predict gaps in major choice. The authors argue that individualistic accounts cannot provide a complete explanation because they fail to consider the powerful effects of the gendered institutional environments that inform and shape young men’s and women’s choices. The authors propose a cultural-organizational approach that considers how institutional characteristics and cultural contexts on college campuses may influence gendered choices and thus be associated with patterns of gender segregation across fields of study. The results of an analysis of institutional data on all U.S. degree-granting colleges and universities reveal substantial interinstitutional variation in gender segregation. Furthermore, structural and contextual institutional features related to peer culture, curricular focus, institutional commitment to gender equity, and the gender proportionality of the student body correlate with heightened or diminished levels of segregation.
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Durojaye, Ebenezer, und Yinka Owoeye. „‘Equally unequal or unequally equal’“. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 17, Nr. 2 (20.04.2017): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229117704039.
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The purpose of this article is to critically assess the approach of Nigerian courts to interpreting section 42 of the Constitution. This article argues that Nigerian courts are yet to develop a substantive equality approach to interpreting section 42 of the Constitution. Rather, the courts have tended to adopt the formal equality approach to interpreting the section. Analysing some decisions of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court, the article argues that in order to safeguard women’s rights and address gender inequality in the country, Nigerian courts should lean towards substantive equality approach to the interpretation of section 42 of the Constitution. This is not only consistent with Nigeria’s obligations under international law but also crucial to addressing historical imbalances between men and women in the country.
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Dustin, Moira. „Deference or Interrogation? Contrasting Models for Reconciling Religion, Gender and Equality“. Religion and Gender 2, Nr. 1 (19.02.2012): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00201002.
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Since the late 1990s, the extension of the equality framework in the United Kingdom has been accompanied by the recognition of religion within that framework and new measures to address religious discrimination. This development has been contested, with many arguing that religion is substantively different to other discrimination grounds and that increased protection against religious discrimination may undermine equality for other marginalized groups – in particular, women and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. This paper considers these concerns from the perspective of minoritized women in the UK. It analyses two theoretical approaches to reconciling religious claims with gender equality – one based on privileging, the other based on challenging religious claims – before considering which, if either, reflects experiences in the UK in recent years and what this means for gender equality.
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Scarborough, William J., Ray Sin und Barbara Risman. „Attitudes and the Stalled Gender Revolution: Egalitarianism, Traditionalism, and Ambivalence from 1977 through 2016“. Gender & Society 33, Nr. 2 (08.11.2018): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243218809604.
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Empirical studies show that though there is more room for improvement, much progress has been made toward gender equality since the second wave of feminism. Evidence also suggests that women’s advancements have been more dramatic in the public sphere of work and politics than in the private sphere of family life. We argue that this lopsided gender progress may be traced to uneven changes in gender attitudes. Using data from more than 27,000 respondents who participated in the General Social Survey from 1977 through 2016, we show that gender attitudes have more than one underlying dimension and that these dimensions have changed at different rates over time. Using latent class analysis, we find that the distribution of respondents’ attitudes toward gender equality has changed over the past 40 years. There has been an increase in the number of egalitarians who support equality in public and private spheres, while the traditionals who historically opposed equality in both domains have been replaced by ambivalents who feel differently about gender equality in the public and private spheres. Meanwhile, successive birth cohorts are becoming more egalitarian, with Generation-Xers and Millennials being the most likely to hold strong egalitarian views. The feminist revolution has succeeded in promoting egalitarian views and decreasing the influence of gender traditionalism, but has yet to convince a substantial minority that gender equality should extend to both public and private spheres of social life
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Sakharuk, I. „LEGAL WAYS FOR OVERCOMING GENDER DISPROPORTIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN LABOR MARKET“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, Nr. 108 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/1.108-6.
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The article deals with the problems of improvement and implementation legislation for gender equality in Ukraine. Have been analysed the main manifestations of discrimination against women in labor market: vertical and horizontal occupational segregation; gender wage differentials; difficulties associated with the combination of work and family responsibilities; the overwhelming predominance of women in the field of part-time, informal, temporary employment; sexual harassment. The issues of gender segregation, gender pay gap, gender equality for work-life balance in the context of foreign and national experience have been explore. The author have been determine the tendencies of improving the labor legislation in foreign countries for introducing the principle of equality between men and women. Gender mainstreaming strategies and programs in G20 countries were summarized. The author draw attention to the nonefficiency of State Social Program for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men for the period up to 2021, was made the proposals for its improvement. The study finds that there is the issue of equality opportunities between men and women in representation authorities at different levels in Ukraine (on the example of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine). Approaches to gender quotas in foreign countries have been analyzed. The author used the statistics on employment, entrepreneurship and remuneration to show inequality on the labor martet in Ukraine. The author have also identified that the national legislation, which establishes special guarantees and restrictions on women's work, will have to be improve in the context of a substantive model of equality. Have been suggested the ways of overcoming gender discrimination in the workplace by a policy of affirmative action
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Haner, Murat, Francis T. Cullen und Michael L. Benson. „Women and the PKK: Ideology, Gender, and Terrorism“. International Criminal Justice Review 30, Nr. 3 (13.02.2019): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567719826632.
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Women have had a long and varied participation in terrorist groups. This project explores the role of gender in one of the most prominent armed organizations in the Middle East, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, commonly known as the Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK). Rejecting the patriarchal values of traditional Kurdish society, the PKK has been particularly receptive to female membership. Insights on the nature of this participation are drawn from an extensive interview with a long-term, high-ranking PKK official. Inspired by secular egalitarian ideology from its inception, the PKK has created an organizational culture that encourages substantial gender equality in recruitment, training, military missions, leadership, and protections against sexual victimization. It is possible that gender equality in the PKK will have a feedback effect on the broader Kurdish society where patriarchal values remain dominant.