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1
Vogel, Nina. „Contextual effects on individual development of subjective well-being in the second half of life“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17548.
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Die Psychologie der Lebensspanne und die Soziologie des Lebensverlaufs betonen die Bedeutung von Kontexten für den Erwerb individueller Fähigkeiten und die Entwicklung im Leben. In Übereinstimmung mit diesen konzeptionellen Annahmen zeigen Studien, dass verschiedene Kontexte die Entwicklung individueller Bereiche beeinflussen. Jedoch ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie kontextuelle Faktoren in der zweiten Lebenshälfte Wohlbefinden formen und wie Wohlbefinden in diesen Lebensphasen von sich schnell verändernden Kontexten beeinflusst wird. In dieser Dissertation werden unter Anwendung des Ökosystemischen Ansatzes von Bronfenbrenner drei Kontexte unterschiedlicher Proximität untersucht, in die die Entwicklung des individuellen Wohlbefindens eingebettet ist. Als erster Kontext wird die vielfältige Ökologie des Lebens und Sterbens in den ehemaligen Regionen Ost- und Westdeutschland herangezogen, um herauszufinden wie dieses Makrosystem Wohlbefinden in den letzten Lebensjahren gestaltet. Als zweiter Kontext wird die Bedeutung des Exosystems von Gesundheitseinrichtungen in Landkreisen (z.B. Anzahl stationärer Pflegereinrichtungen) auf Wohlbefindensverläufe am Lebensende beleuchtet. Als dritten Kontext untersuchen wir, wie das Mikrosystem sozialer Ökologien und Situationen momentanes, affektives Wohlbefinden gestaltet, sowie Altersunterschiede in diesen Assoziationen. Gemeinsam zeigen die drei Studien dieser Dissertation, dass Ökologien auf regionaler, dienstleistender und sozialer Kontextebene Entwicklung von Wohlbefinden in der zweiten Lebenshälfte beeinflussen. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass Kontexte sowohl kognitives als auch affektives Wohlbefinden und innerhalb des letzteren sowohl Valenz und Aktivierung beeinflussen, und untersucht länger- und kurzfristige Kontext-Wohlbefindens-Assoziationen in späteren Lebensphasen. Die Ergebnisse liefern erste Vorschläge für Interventionen und veränderbare regionale Faktoren für die Erhaltung oder Verbesserung von Wohlbefinden.Lifespan psychology and life course sociology have long acknowledged the role of context for individual functioning and development throughout life. Consistent with these conceptual notions, empirical studies show that various contextual factors influence development of individual-level outcomes. However, we know little about how contextual factors shape individual-level well-being and how well-being is influenced by fast changing contexts in the second half of life. Applying Bronfenbrenner’s model of human ecology as the overarching theoretical frame, this dissertation examines three sets of contexts that differ in the degree of proximity in which individual well-being and its development is embedded in. As a first context, the multifaceted ecology of living and dying in former regions of East and West Germany is used to investigate how the macrosystem shapes individual well-being in the last years of life. For a second context, the role of the exosystem of county-level health care features (e.g., number of inpatient care facilities) on late-life trajectories in well-being is examined. As a third context, we examine how the microsystem of social ecologies and situations influences momentary affective well-being and how these associations differ across age. Jointly, the three studies in this dissertation show that regional, service, and social ecologies profoundly shape development in well-being during the second half of life. To conclude, this dissertation shows that these contexts influence both cognitive and affective components of well-being, among the affective domain two facets (valence and arousal), and investigates long-term and short-term contextwell- being associations in later life phases. Results provide initial suggestions for interventions and malleable regional factors to maintain or improve well-being.
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Jones, Kelly. „A positive future-focused intervention to increase individuals' subjective well-being“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521899.
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Ye, R. „Impact of individuals' commuting trips on subjective well-being : evidence from Xi’an“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1560143/.
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Transportation as an important component for urban sustainability has been well recognized. Although the lay understanding of sustainability generally focuses on environmental stewardship, more broadly sustainability is comprised of three aspects: environmental, economic and social sustainability. Individual and societal well-being are critical indicators of social sustainability, however, little attention from research and policy has been paid to the impacts of transportation on well-being. With extensive urban expansion resulting from rapid urbanization, commuting has become a physical and mental burden for many residents in the megacities of China because of the increasing travel distances and worsening travel experiences, significantly influencing their well-being. Relying on the data from a survey conducted in Xi-an, a mega-city of western China, this study quantitatively investigated the relationship between commuting and subjective wellbeing in the Chinese context. Based on the evidence from Xi-an, China, this study found that (1) commute characteristics, including travel mode choice and level of services, significantly influence commuting satisfaction, which in turn significantly affects overall satisfaction with life; (2) the built environment has no direct effect on commuting satisfaction, however it could indirectly affect commuting satisfaction through the path of commuting characteristics; most of travel-related attitudes have both direct and indirect effects on travel satisfaction; (3) the lower income population are more likely to live in pedestrian and transit unfriendly places, are more captive to their travel modes, and have lower levels of life satisfaction; all of which contribute to the lower level of commuting satisfaction among the lower income population. This study contributes to the literature by framing and quantitatively exploring the complicated relationships between the built environment, attitudes, travel characteristics, travel satisfaction and subjective wellbeing. This study also informs policies that help to improve satisfaction with commuting and wellbeing.
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Gerson, J. „Social media use and subjective well-being : an investigation of individual differences in personality, social comparison and Facebook behaviour“. Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20557/.
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This thesis investigates how social media use is associated with subjective well-being by examining the role of individual differences. The popularity of social networking sites has increased significantly over the past decade, with the most popular social media site, Facebook, now reporting over 2 billion users (Facebook Newsroom, 2018). With such widespread use, it is important to understand how Facebook use is related to its users’ subjective well-being (SWB). Previous research has yielded mixed results; however, many of these studies have not taken individual differences into account. Therefore, this thesis investigates how individual differences associated with SWB. The research in Chapter 2 demonstrates that some personality traits moderate the relationship between Facebook social comparison and SWB. Goal-Drive Persistence moderates the relationship between eudaimonic well-being and Facebook social comparison, and BIS moderates the relationship between negative affect and Facebook social comparison. Chapter 3 introduces Facebook engagement styles (active/passive use), and develops scales to measure these differences. The Passive Active Use Measure quantifies three types of Facebook engagement: Active social use, Active non-social use, and Passive use. The research in Chapter 4 finds that personality traits are associated with Facebook engagement styles, and that active forms of use have positive associations with SWB, while passive use is negatively associated with life satisfaction. The results further reveal that individuals who use Facebook intensely to alleviate boredom or for self-expression have higher SWB, while users who overuse report lower SWB. Finally, chapter 5 finds that Facebook engagement styles are associated with social comparison behaviour; active users compare their opinions, while passive users compare both opinions and abilities. Further investigation reveals that the comparison of opinions on Facebook is associated with higher SWB, while the comparison of abilities on Facebook is associated with lower SWB. The results of this thesis suggest that how Facebook is associated with SWB is dependent on individual differences and demonstrates the importance of accounting for individual differences when studying the relationship between Facebook use and SWB.
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Nel, Charne. „The subjective experience of well-being : a comparison of South African individuals in early and late adulthood“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71869.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and the following subjective well-being (SWB) variables: global life satisfaction (as measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale [SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985], the temporal (past, present and future) dimensions of life satisfaction (as measured by the Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale [TSWLS; Pavot, Diener, & Suh, 1998]), gratitude (as measured by the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form [GQ-6; McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002]) and health satisfaction (as measured by the Health Satisfaction Question [HSQ; Chatters, 1988; Coyle, Lesnick-Emas, & Kinney, 1994; Gwozdoz & Sousa-Poza, 2009]). The interrelationships between these variables were explored, as well as the relationship between certain sociodemographic variables and global life satisfaction in late adulthood. Two groups of male and female South African participants were used, namely, individuals aged between 24-34 years (early adulthood) and 60-75 years (late adulthood). Differences between the two groups with regard to the SWB variables were investigated by using one-way ANOVAs and t-tests, and the interrelationships between the SWB variables were calculated by means of Pearson correlations, for each group seperately, as well as for the two groups combined. Differences in global life satisfaction between different sociodemographic subgroups within the late adulthood group were analysed using one-way ANOVAs and Bonferroni posthoc comparisons. Results indicated that individuals in late adulthood reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction than individuals in early adulthood. Similarly, individuals in late adulthood reported significantly higher levels of health satisfaction when compared to their younger counterparts. Regarding the trajectories of life satisfaction based on the subscales of the TSWLS, t-tests revealed that the early adulthood group considered their present and future (expected) life satisfaction to be significantly higher than their past life satisfaction. On the other hand, individuals in late adulthood considered only their present to be significantly higher than their past life satisfaction. Pearson correlations indicated significant relationships between global life satisfaction, the temporal dimensions of life satisfaction, and gratitude for both the early and late adulthood groups, as well as for both groups combined. Additionally, gratitude correlated significantly with health satisfaction and future life satisfaction for the early adulthood, but not for the late adulthood group. Neither gender, length of retirement or length of widowhood were significantly related to global life satisfaction, although married individuals reported significantly higher global life satisfaction than those who were not married. The results of the study suggest that there are significant differences between South African early and late adults with regard to some SWB variables and their interrelationships. The implications of these findings were discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verband tussen ouderdom en die volgende subjektiewe welsyn (SWS) veranderlikes te ondersoek: globale lewensbevrediging (soos gemeet met die Satisfaction With Life Scale [SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985], die temporale (verlede, hede en toekoms) dimensies van lewensbevredigings (soos gemeet met die Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale [TSWLS; Pavot, Diener, & Suh, 1998]), dankbaarheid (soos gemeet met die Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form [GQ-6; McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002]) en gesondheidsbevrediging (soos gemeet met die Health Satisfaction Question [HSQ; Chatters, 1988; Coyle, Lesnick-Emas, & Kinney, 1994; Gwozdoz & Sousa-Poza, 2009]). The interverbande tussen hierdie verandelikes is ondersoek, sowel as die verband tussen sekere sosiodemografiese veranderlikes en globale lewensbevrediging in laat-volwassenheid. Twee groepe manlike en vroulike Suid-Afrikaanse deelnemers is gebruik, naamlik individue tussen die ouderdomme van 24-34 jaar (vroeë volwassenheid) en 60-75 years (laat volwassenheid). Verskille tussen die twee groepe wat betref die SWS veranderlikes is ondersoek met eenkantige variansie-analises en t-toetse, en die interverbande tussen die SWS veranderlikes is bereken met behulp van Pearson-korrelasies, vir elke groep afsonderlik, sowel as vir die twee groepe gekombineer. Verskille in globale lewensbevrediging tussen sosiodemografies-verskillende subgroepe binne die laat-volwassenheidgroep is ondersoek met behulp van eenkantige variansie-analises en Bonferroni opvolg-vergelykings. Resultate het aangetoon dat individue in laat-volwassenheid beduidend hoër vlakke van lewensbevrediging gerapporteer het as individue in vroeë volwassenheid. Individue in laat-volwassenheid het ook beduidend hoër vlakke van gesondheidsbevrediging in vergelyking met die jonger groep getoon. Wat betref die trajektorieë van lewensbevrediging gebaseer op die subskale van die TSWLS, het t-toetse aangetoon dat die vroeë volwassenheidgroep hul huidige en toekomstige (verwagte) lewensbevrediging as beduidend hoër as hul verlede-lewensbevrediging beoordeel het. Hierteenoor het individue in laat-volwassenheid slegs hul huidige lewensbevrediging as beduidend hoër as hul verlede-lewensbevrediging beoordeel. Pearson-korrelasies het beduidende verbande aangetoon tussen globale lewensbevrediging, die temporale dimensies van lewensbevrediging, en dankbaarheid vir beide die vroeë - en laat volwassenheid-groepe, sowel as vir beide groepe gekombineer. Verder het dankbaarheid beduidend gekorreleer met gesondheidsbevrediging en toekomstige lewensbevrediging vir die vroeë volwassenheidgroep, maar nie vir die laat- volwassenheidgroep nie. Nie geslag, tydperk van aftrede of tydperk van weduweeskap/ wewenaarskap het beduidende verbande met globale lewensbevrediging getoon nie, alhoewel getroude individue beduidend hoër globale lewensbevrediging as dié wat nie getroud was nie, gerapporteer het. Die resultate van die studie suggereer dat daar beduidende verskille tussen Suid-Afrikaanse vroeë en laat volwassenes bestaan wat betref sekere SWS veranderlikes en hul interverbande. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindings is bespreek.
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Engelbrecht, Catherine. „Individual differences in the use of behavioural regulation : differentiating the influence of future-orientation and personality traits on the perception of well-being“. Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c58ae6bb-48cb-4093-9bf0-e17ba6f0107a.
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Within the psychological literature two main approaches can be identified as influential factors in the increase of well-being, defined in this thesis as Hedonic (SWB) vs. Eudaimonic Well-Being (PWB). One of the key qualities of the human mind is its ability to think about and act upon the future. The first approach emphasises the role of psychological strengths related to the utilisation of foresight and planning in such a way as to influence the consequences of current actions. The second approach focuses on the function of basic personality traits in the setting of goals and mental functioning. To integrate these approaches, this thesis brings together two lines of research: future-orientation and personality traits. Two longitudinal studies investigate the predictive qualities of future-orientated constructs in relation to personality traits, while also focusing on their contribution to the setting and attainment of goals and the perception of well-being. In the first study two cognitive-motivational scales, Hope and Personal Growth Initiative (PGI), were administered to measure two hundred and sixty four participants’ future-orientation. The first aim of this study was to examine the distinctiveness of these two scales in predicting well-being. Results from factor analyses cast doubt on the uniqueness of Hope and PGI, while regression analyses demonstrate Hope to be the strongest, most significant predictor of PWB and SWB. A further aim of the study was to ascertain if future-orientation could account for additional variance in the prediction of well-being, after the influence of the Eysenck’s Personality traits have been controlled for. It was indicated that individuals’ Hope levels do account for residual variance in PWB and SWB. The last aim of the study was to determine if future-orientation could contribute to long-term goal attainment and well-being. The results indicate that participant’s Hope levels did not significantly contribute to long-term goal attainment, however it had a direct, significant effect on long-term PWB. The second study, utilising 117 participants, replicated prior findings that demonstrate Hope, instead of PGI, to be the strongest, most significant predictor of both PWB and SWB. The study also extents prior research by utilising the Big-Five traits in the prediction of PWB and SWB. Factor analyses results indicate Hope to share an underlying factor structure with Openness and Conscientiousness, while PGI share an underlying factor structure with Agreeableness. It was further indicated that participants’ Hope, but not PGI, accounts for residual variance in the prediction of PWB, after controlling for the Big-Five traits. Conversely, Hope and PGI did not account for any residual variance in the prediction of SWB, instead almost 60% of the variance can be attributed to the Big-Five personality traits. Extending the first study, the aim of the second study was to ascertain attainment through independent verification and not participant self-assessment. The results indicate that participants who demonstrate greater levels of Openness and PGI tend to set higher quantitative goals. Although not predictive of goal attainment, participants with greater Openness showed higher performance on the goals. Overall, the results question the distinctiveness of Hope and PGI in the prediction of well-being. It adds to our knowledge of how psychological strengths such as future-orientation can contribute variance to the prediction of well-being after basic personality traits have been controlled for. Finally the results also add to our understanding of how personality traits, as well as, Hope and PGI independently contribute to the setting of goals.
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Ali, Mehvash. „Impact of acculturation, ethnic identity, religiosity, and individual difference variables on the subjective well-being of Pakistani Muslims in the United States /“. Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1208144661&sid=30&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Тамир, М., und M. Tamir. „Исследование субъективного благополучия учителей Монголии : магистерская диссертация“. Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/99996.
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Объектом исследования является субъективное благополучие личности. Предметом исследования стали особенности субъективного благополучия учителей школ Монголии. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (40 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся для исследования методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 57 страниц, на которых размещены 8 рисунков и 11 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования. В первой главе в результате анализа научной литературы были определены теоретические основания субъективного благополучия личности, выделены основные подходы, рассматривающие данный феномен, а также его функции, структура и детерминанты. Это позволило сформулировать определение понятия «субъективное благополучие», принятое в работе за основополагающее. Особый акцент сделан на рассмотрении роли субъективного благополучия в педагогической деятельности учителя. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Шкала «Удовлетворенность жизнью» Э. Динера (SWSL), Шкала субъективного благополучия А. ПеруэБаду (адаптация М.В. Соколовой), Шкала субъективного счастья С. Любомирски и Х. Леппер (адаптация Д.А. Леонтьева). Также в главе представлены результаты описательной статистики и сравнительного анализа результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.The object of the research is the subjective well-being of the individual. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the subjective well-being of school teachers in Mongolia. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (40 sources) and annexes, including the forms used for the study of the methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 57 pages, which contain 8 figures and 11 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the theoretical and practical significance of the work, the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, the main hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the research, are indicated. In the first chapter, as a result of the analysis of scientific literature, the theoretical foundations of the subjective well-being of the individual were determined, the main approaches that consider this phenomenon, as well as its functions, structure and determinants, were highlighted. This made it possible to formulate the definition of the concept of "subjective well-being", which was taken as fundamental in the work. Particular emphasis is placed on considering the role of subjective well-being in the pedagogical activity of a teacher. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It contains a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: E. Diener's “Satisfaction with life” scale (SWSL), A. Peruebadu's subjective well-being scale (adaptation by M.V. Sokolova), S. Lubomirsky and H. Lepper (adaptation by D.A. Leontiev). The chapter also presents the results of descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of research results. Conclusions from Chapter 2 include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, in a generalized form, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for the further development of this problem are described.
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Korkmaz, Leman. „Individual And Group Based Factors Affecting The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination And Well-being: The Sample Of Turkish Minority In Bulgaria“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612500/index.pdf.
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Vogel, Nina [Verfasser], Denis [Gutachter] Gerstorf, Clemens [Gutachter] Tesch-Römer und Nilam [Gutachter] Ram. „Contextual effects on individual development of subjective well-being in the second half of life / Nina Vogel. Gutachter: Denis Gerstorf ; Clemens Tesch-Römer ; Nilam Ram“. Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1109846274/34.
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Whitlatch, Ann Marie. „The relationships of perceived stress, coping strategies, and specifically religiosity on subjective well-being of family caregivers for individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease“. The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300465027.
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Chu, Yoosun. „Civic Engagement and Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being among Low-Income Individuals: A Two-Level Cross-National Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries“. Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108100.
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Thesis advisor: Ce ShenCivic engagement, involving people in public processes to achieve common goals, has received increased attention in the past several decades. This renewed interest was triggered by the seeming decline in civic engagement, particularly in the context of Western societies including the U.S. In addition, its potentially positive effects, such as psychological well-being at the individual level, have recently received much attention. Low-income people in developing countries suffer from double discrimination: first, the lack of opportunities to participate in civic matters due to their low socio-economic status (SES) and second, the lack of civil society culture in developing countries. However, less attention has been paid to civic engagement in the context of developing countries and low-income people, in spite of the importance of civic engagement to them. Given the significance of civic engagement for low-income populations in developing countries, this dissertation intends to fill the gaps left by previous scholarship. The following are specific objectives for the study: 1) Paper 1 aims to investigate the construct validity of an instrument to measure civic engagement among low-income populations in developing countries; 2) Paper 2 aims to examine the associations between country-level political and economic determinants and civic engagement among low-income people in developing countries; and 3) Paper 3 aims to examine the effect of civic engagement on subjective well-being through the mediating effect of sense of agency. Using the cross-national data set, the World Values Survey Wave 6 (2010-2014), this study first found that civic engagement among low-income individuals in low- and middle-income countries is defined in three dimensions: electoral behaviors, membership in civic organizations, and cognitive engagement. This result contributes to measurement development of civic engagement, especially among the low-income individuals in the context of developing countries, who have been neglected in policy-making processes. In Paper 2, I found that civic engagement increases in economically disadvantaged environments (low GNI per capita and high Gini coefficient). This finding may reveal the strength that low-income populations have. Lastly, the results of Paper 3 showed that electoral engagement and membership in civic organizations were directly related to well-being, but cognitive engagement had an indirect effect on well-being through a sense of agency. Also, the result of a non-recursive model showed that engagement in electoral behaviors leads to a sense of well-being, not in the reverse direction. The results from Paper 3 may demonstrate the mechanism by which civic engagement is related to well-being
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Phillips, Pamela L. „Beyond Subjective Well-Being“. Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131386877.
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Bourne, K. „Subjective well-being in fibromyalgia“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007802/.
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This chapter aims to provide an overview of the dissertation presented here as a whole. It outlines the purpose, content and organisation of the following literature review (chapter 2) and empirical paper (chapter 3). This chapter also intends to show how the two main chapters fit together, and how they represent important research within the wider literature. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterised by pain in the soft tissues of the body, general fatigue and sleep disturbance (Wolfe et al., 1990). Many individuals face a long and difficult journey to receive a diagnosis of FM. A recent survey reported that on average, respondents waited 2.3 years and saw 3.7 physicians before receiving a diagnosis of FM (Choy et al., 2010). Furthermore, individuals with FM have also reported that there is a considerable stigma associated with having the condition. In one qualitative study, women with FM reported feeling that others, including their physicians, questioned their credibility when reporting symptoms and their work ethic; and also implied that their illness was entirely psychological. As a result, the women reported that they coped with these difficulties either by withdrawing from social activity to avoid such experiences, or by putting on a façade that masked the true extent of their suffering (Asbring & Narvanen, 2002). Current medical and psychological treatments for FM are limited in success with regards to providing consistent benefits to the FM population as a whole (Abeles, Solitar, Pillinger & Abeles, 2008; Vlaeyen & Morley, 2005). Traditionally the dominant approach to intervention within both the medical and psychological fields is to focus on the reduction of negative symptoms. In contrast, the growing field of positive psychology continues to demonstrate the utility of exploring the processes and conditions that are conducive to optimal human functioning (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000) as an alternative or complimentary approach to conventional methods of healthcare. Subjective well-being (SWB) can be defined as “a person’s cognitive and affective evaluations of his or her life” (Diener, Lucas & Oishi, 2002, p.63). A large body of evidence suggests that individuals who have higher SWB enjoy a range of positive outcomes, including health-related benefits (e.g. Deiner & Chan, 2011). The application of a positive psychology approach may be particularly relevant to FM, where there is growing evidence of a specific deficit in positive affect (PA), a major component of SWB. Chapter 2 of this thesis is a systematic review of the literature regarding PA in individuals with FM. It focuses on the quantitative literature and specifically aims to answer the question: is there a deficit in PA in individuals with Fibromyalgia relative to other pain conditions, general health conditions, and also the general population? The literature review begins by giving a rationale as to why exploring the evidence for a deficit in PA specific to the FM population is important. It also summarises the background literature regarding the structure of affect, as well as theories relating to the potential function, and proposed mechanism of action, of PA. Next, the method section outlines the systematic methods that were used to identify the relevant studies that are included in the review. This is followed by the results section, which succinctly presents a synthesis of the characteristics of the included studies, along with the key findings regarding PA. The discussion section considers how the findings answer the question of whether there is a specific deficit in PA within the FM population. It also considers the clinical implications of the findings. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the potential limitations of the review, in terms of both the quality of the studies included and also the methodological considerations of the review process itself. Finally, recommendations for future research are made. It has been hypothesised that hope is a major contributor to well-being (Snyder, 2002). In non-clinical samples, the association between hope, particularly goal-focused hope, and SWB has been well documented (e.g. Snyder, 2002). More recently, mindfulness has also been identified as promoting increased SWB (e.g. Brown & Ryan, 2003). Chapter three of this thesis is an empirical paper that aims to add to the current literature by exploring the specific impact SWB has on improving FM-related symptoms and difficulties. It also builds on the existing literature in non-clinical samples by investigating if goal-focused hope and mindfulness significantly contribute to the promotion of SWB within the FM population. To achieve these aims, the research utilises structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques to simultaneously explore the relationships amongst the key study variables. This was done by pre-specifying a hypothesised model of how hope and mindfulness may lead to increased SWB in FM, based on past research. The extent to which this model fit the actual data collected was then examined. The empirical paper starts by considering the importance of SWB with regards to physical health outcomes. It also introduces the concepts of goal-focused hope and mindfulness, and begins to consider the theory behind how they may lead to higher SWB within the FM population. The method section then gives details of the study’s participants, measures and procedures. It also reports how the data was analysed, with a particular focus on a description of SEM. Next, the results section begins with details of how the data was prepared and includes findings from the preliminary analysis. The main focus of this section involves testing the hypothesised SEM model against the study data. Finally, the discussion section reflects on the study’s findings within the context of existing research and theory. Potential limitations of the study are considered, as well as the implications for future research and clinical practice. This section is concluded with a succinct summary of the study’s key contributions to the literature and how this should inform future work.
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Zeydanli, Tugba. „Essays on subjective Well-Being“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010030.
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Pas de résumé disponibleThis dissertation consists of three essays on subjective well-being.The first essay examines whether aggregate job satisfaction in a certain labormarket environment can have an impact on individual-level job satisfaction.We seek an answer to this question using two different datasets from the UnitedKingdom characterizing two different labor market environments: WorkplaceEmployment Relations Survey (WERS) at the workplace level (i.e., narrowlydefined worker groups) and British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) at thelocal labor market level (i.e., larger worker groups defined in industry × regioncells). Implementing an original empirical strategy to identify spillover effects,we find that one standard deviation increase in aggregate job satisfaction leadsto a 0.42 standard deviation increase in individual-level job satisfaction at theworkplace level and 0.15 standard deviation increase in individual-level jobsatisfaction at the local labor market level. These social interactions effectsiiiare sizable and should not be ignored in assessing the effectiveness of thepolicies designed to improve job satisfaction.Individuals tend to self-report higher subjective well-being levels on certaindays of the weeks than they do on the remaining days, controlling for observedvariation. The second essay tests whether this empirical observation suffersfrom selection bias by using the 2008 release of the British Household PanelSurvey. In other words, we examine if subjective well-being is correlated withunobserved characteristics that lead the individuals to take the interview onspecific days of the week. We focus on two distinct well-being measures: jobsatisfaction and happiness. We provide convincing evidence for both of thesemeasures that the interviews are not randomly distributed across the days ofthe week. In other words, individuals with certain unobserved characteristicstend to take the interviews selectively. We conclude that a considerable partof the day-of-the-week patterns can be explained by a standard “non-randomsorting on unobservables” argument rather than “mood fluctuations”. Thismeans that the day-of-the-week estimates reported in the literature are likelyto be biased and should be treated cautiously.In Sub-Saharan Africa, some scholars identify ethnicity as a cause of instability and poor economic growth, which is due to worse public policies. Eifert,Miguel, and Posner (2010) show that ethnic identification is more prominentduring competitive election periods in comparison to other identifying categories such as gender, religion, and class/occupation. The third essay utilizesdata from 12 Sub-Saharan African countries and over 40,000 respondents takenivfrom the Afrobarometer. It asks if individual subjective well-being changes inthe run up to competitive elections. We find strong evidence that individualsubjective well-being does change. It is positively related to the proximity toan election and this proximity effect depends on the competitiveness of theelection. We further investigate the background mechanisms behind this positive relationship i.e.: to what extent does well-being of the individual change ifthe party that the individual supports wins the election, and is there a changein well-being of the individual before and after the election? In addition, wedocument that ethnic identification also has a positive impact on individualwell-being after controlling for electoral cycle variables. Policy makers shouldinternalize these positive externalities driven from politically-induced ethnicidentification
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Ul, Haq Zia. „Adiposity and subjective well-being“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5519/.
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Since 1980, the global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) more than one in ten of the world’s adult population are now obese. The prevalence of obesity is high both in the developed and developing countries, leading to suggestions of an “obesity pandemic” or “globesity”. In Scotland alone, 28% of adults are now obese, and a further 36% are overweight. Historically, the main focus of healthcare has been the avoidance of preventable mortality. As life-expectancy has increased, attention has focused on the need to improve health, as well as longevity. The WHO definition of health encompasses mental and social, as well as physical, well-being. It is widely accepted that obesity causes, or aggravates, a number of medical conditions, and is also associated with reduced life-expectancy. However, the research on adiposity and subjective well-being is still in its infancy and previous studies suggest that the relationship is complex. This thesis starts by demonstrating the importance of subjective well-being in terms of its association with adverse outcomes: all-cause death, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer incidence, and psychiatric hospitalisations. This is followed by six complementary studies that explore the relationship between adiposity and subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is explored using various approaches including self-reported health (SRH), health-related quality of life (overall, physical and mental/psychosocial), mental health and mood disorder, and adiposity is assessed using four measures: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage (BF%) across the whole range of adiposity (from underweight to class III obese).
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Rarick, Timothy Michael. „Importance of perceived adulthood and goal pursuit in emerging adult college students“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13131.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Rick J. Scheidt
Previous research has discovered that most 18-to-25 year olds do not feel they have reached the rite of passage known as adulthood. This period of development, termed “emerging adulthood”, is characterized by identity exploration and myriad possibilities related to who one is and what one wants out of life. Empirical evidence suggests that future goals linked to one’s identity are more likely to be obtained through three actions specified in the Selection-Optimization-Compensation (S.O.C.) model: selecting goals to focus one’s resources, optimizing goal-relevant means, and, when necessary, compensating for losses that may occur in these means. The purpose of this study was (a) to identify the proportions of 18-to-25 year old perceived adults vs. emerging adults in a university sample (n = 828); (b) to assess the degree to which self-reported perceived adult status distinguishes self-reports of achieved adult criteria, goal-pursuit strategies, and subjective well-being, and; (c) to determine the predictive utility of perceived adult status, background characteristics, and goal-pursuit strategies for understanding individual differences in life satisfaction, positive affect (i.e., subjective vitality), and negative affect (i.e., depressive symptoms). Analyses of on-line survey responses indicated that approximately one-fourth (24%) of participants reported they had reached adulthood, and, compared to their emerging adult peers, had achieved more criteria for adulthood and were using more effective goal-pursuit strategies. Step-wise multiple regression analyses revealed that specific background characteristics (e.g., relationship status and GPA) and goal-pursuit strategies (e.g., optimization) were significant and strongest predictors of the participants’ life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Perceived adult status was a significant moderate predictor of both life satisfaction and positive affect but was unrelated to negative affect. Implications of the findings for developmental researchers, educators, and practitioners are discussed.
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Daukantaitė, Daiva. „Subjective Well-Being in Swedish Women“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1278.
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The present thesis concerns middle-aged women’s subjective well-being (SWB). The interest is focused on the importance of childhood factors, social circumstances, and personality for middle-aged women’s general SWB. Data were taken from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA, Magnusson & Bergman, 2000) and concerned a sample of about 300 women. The main analyses were made on data collected at age 43, but data collected at age 13 and age 49 were also used to elucidate the purposes of this thesis. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) In a Swedish sample of middle-aged women, social circumstances had only a moderate effect on general SWB variables. The strongest relationship was found between marital status and global life satisfaction. When personality factors were controlled for, they wiped out nearly all relationships between the social circumstances variables and SWB, except for those between global life satisfaction and marital status or unemployment; 2) The level of general SWB was found to be considerably higher for Swedish employed women as compared to their counterparts in Lithuania and different socio-demographic variables predicted SWB in those two countries. For the Swedish sample, family-oriented variables were the strongest predictors of SWB, while for the Lithuanian sample income and educational level were more important; 3) Results from applying longitudinal structural equation modeling suggested that optimism in adolescence influenced optimism in middle age, which in its turn had both a direct influence on global life satisfaction and an indirect influence via the negative affect dimension. In relation to a number of different adjustment factors measured in adolescence it was found that optimism was the only factor that was constantly related to SWB 30 years later; 4) Typical patterns of general SWB were identified. Cluster analyses at age 43 and age 49 separately resulted in similar well-functioning six cluster solutions at both ages, indicating structural stability across six years. In addition to the typical high/low/average SWB clusters that could be to some degree expected from variable-oriented results, a cluster with intense affect and one with very low GLS emerged. All clusters except the latter one showed individual stability across six years.
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Daukantaitė, Daiva. „Subjective well-being in Swedish women /“. Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1278.
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Backmark, Goodwill Helena Anna. „Subjective well-being in older adults“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/555/.
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The current paper reviews measures of subjective psychological well-being in older adults and draws conclusions about how the concept of well-being is defined and measured. A systematic search of four databases identified eight measures developed to capture the notion of psychological well-being; the Positive And Negative Affect Schedule, the Life Satisfaction Index, the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Perceived Well-Being Scale, the Scales of Psychological Well-Being, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness. An evaluation of these measures revealed a range in dimensionality and composition, with measures defining well-being as primarily hedonic, eudaimonic, or a combination of the two. The validity of the measures was investigated by considering the extent to which measures capture facets of well-being identified by older people as important for successful aging. It was concluded that whilst all measures consider several important aspects of well-being, no measure captured the entire range of factors highlighted by older people as paramount to well-being.
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Ngamaba, Kayonda. „The correlates of subjective well-being“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-correlates-of-subjective-wellbeing(7374410b-78f1-4c7e-993b-1a8092ef07f9).html.
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The motivation for subjective well-being research rather than Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is becoming important to the roles of many governments across the globe and so identifying the strongest correlates of subjective well-being is vital as a starting point to informing policies that support subjective well-being. This thesis investigated the correlates of subjective well-being. Chapter 1 introduced the topic and has been divided into two parts: section 1 explores the motivation for subjective well-being research and section 2 presents the conceptual model of subjective well-being. Chapter 2 gave the rationale for the methodological approaches taken to investigate factors that are associated with subjective well-being. Also, the methods chapter presented limitations of the data used. Chapter 3 explored the determinants of subjective well-being in representative samples of nations; and the results obtained in chapter 3 led to three systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Chapter 4, 5 and 6). Chapter 4 conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between income inequality and subjective well-being to test the general assumption that people's subjective well-being can be increased by tackling income inequality and investigated inconsistencies of previous studies reporting a negative, positive or no association between income inequality and subjective well-being. Chapter 5 carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between health status and subjective well-being because the results of the empirical study conducted in chapter 3 suggest that health status is positively associated with subjective well-being. Chapter 6 conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between financial satisfaction and subjective well-being as the results of the empirical study conducted in chapter 3 suggest that financial satisfaction is positively associated with subjective well-being. Chapter 7 discussed the results, highlighted the need for further studies and policy directions and concluded. Taken altogether these studies suggest that: (1) subjective well-being is important to informing policies that support subjective well-being, (2) they might be circumstances where income inequality may not be associated with people's subjective well-being, (3) health status and financial satisfaction are positively associated with subjective well-being and the magnitude of the association is affected by key operational and methodological factors, (4) life satisfaction might be preferred to happiness as a measure of subjective well-being because it may better captures the influence of health status and financial satisfaction, (5) government policies that support subjective well-being measures should consider using self-reported health status and financial satisfaction amongst factors that are correlated with people's subjective well-being, (6) the association between health status and subjective well-being and the link between financial satisfaction and subjective well-being are medium and further research is required to identify other strongest correlates of subjective well-being.
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Blair, Marilou C. Legazpi. „Subjective well-being among the elderly“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45774.
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The main objective of this study is to explain and predict subjective well-being among the elderly as a function of their social location in society and the nature of their social networks. More specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: First, how do the elderly perceive their well-being? Second, does social location in society, as defined by income and education, produce different perceptions of well-being? Third, how would interaction and receipt of goods and services in the social support network modify the impact of social location on subjective well-being?
Using the data of the National Survey on the Aged, 1975, conducted by Ethel Shanas, the study utilized a social structure and personality framework. as an approach to the problem. Through multiple regression analyses, the study found that the impact of social locational factors on subjective well-being among the elderly is not mediated by the pattern of social interaction in the social support network. Education was found
to be an important correlate of subjective well-being among the elderly.Master of Science
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Mustapha, Mazni. „Subjective well-being among Malaysian students“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5279.
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The aim of the study was to examine the determinants of well-being in Malaysian students at home and overseas. Prior to the main study, interviews were conducted with seven PhD students of Malaysia studying in Plymouth, to explore their needs and values, and their adaptation experiences in terms of missing and enjoyment experiences abroad. Based on the interview findings and literature reviews, a questionnaire was developed and named as the Adaptation to Life Index, which consisted of two scales - ‘missing experience’ and ‘enjoyment experience’. A longitudinal survey was carried out using Malaysian students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the US, Ireland, and Canada as well as students who remained in Malaysia. At Time 1, data were collected from 1118 students who were enrolling at various overseas preparatory studying programmes and 972 first year students in one of the public university in Malaysia who were continuing their education in Malaysia. Measurements used were the Big Five Personality Inventory (John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991), Schwartz’s Short Value Scale (SSVS) (Lindeman & Verkasalo, 2005; Schwartz, 1992), Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) (Watson, et al, 1988), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, et al., 1985), perceived stress scale (based on the results of Malaysian Certificate of Education and perceived English language fluency), and a section on socio-demographic background. At time 2, 30 % of the participants (N= 628) were retained. Life satisfaction for home students remained constant over time. However, life satisfaction for overseas students started much lower at Time 1 but increased at Time 2. Results showed that life satisfaction at time 1 strongly predicted life satisfaction at Time 2, but neither personality nor values were predicted life satisfaction at Time 2. Personality and values at Time 1 predicted ‘missing experience at Time 2 and in the overseas students, being fluent in English predicted less ‘missing experience’. There were few predictors of Time 1 for ‘enjoyment’ at Time 2, but fluency with English predicted better enjoyment.
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Lu-Lerner, Lily X. „How Well Can We Measure Well-Being?“ Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1589813816828266.
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Miranda, Alvaro. „Agency, human dignity and subjective well-being“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134489.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Análisis EconómicoAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Over the last two decades there has been an important shift in the way economists understand welfare and development. The discipline has gone from assessing wellbeing in terms of an unideminsional measure like income, to multidimensional measures that take into account non-economic variables such as what individuals do and can do, how they feel, and the natural environment they live in (Alkire, 2002; Stiglitz et al., 2009; Alkire and Foster, 2011; Alkire and Santos, 2014). In the vein of Amartya Sen's in uential work, development is seen as the process of expanding freedoms that people value and have reason to value (Sen, 1999). Two important aspects of this freedom linked to the basis of social rights are agency and human dignity (Gauri, 2004). Agency freedom refers to what the person is free to do and achieve in pursuit of whatever goals or values he or she regards as important (Sen, 1985). On the other hand, dignity is related with social inclusion, taking part in the life of the community (Sen, 1999).1 This paper explores the importance of agency, and dignity in explaining subjective well- being. We are speci cally interested in measures of life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Our work uses a unique dataset of Chilean households, the \Other Dimensions of Household Quality of Life" survey, especially designed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to gather internationally comparable indicators on employment quality, empowerment, physical safety, human dignity and psychological and subjective wellbeing, sometimes referred as the missing dimensions of poverty (Alkire, 2007). Our hypothesis is that agency is positively correlated with individual's subjective wellbe- ing, because it re ects the capacity the individual has to do what he values. The measure we use for agency is related with the individual's perception of freedom to decide for himself how to lead his life. A natural interpretation of the hypothesis is thus that the more freedom an individual has to decide how to lead her life, more wellbeing she experiences. On the other hand, our hypothesis is that individuals less likely to regularly experience shame in public are associated with higher subjective wellbeing. In particular, we focus on two aspects of dignity: shame proneness and discrimination. Therefore, individuals that experience more shame or feel discriminated should experience less wellbeing. Our rst set of results provides correlational evidence on the importance of agency, shame and discrimination in life satisfaction. The results suggest that agency, shame and discrimi- nation are correlated with life satisfaction. Next, we explore if agency and discrimination at work are correlated with job satisfaction. The results show that both agency and discrimi- nation at work explain job satisfaction. An important potencial source of bias in our estimates is the absence of personality traits. It has been shown that genetics factor are strongly correlated with happiness (Lykken and Tellegen, 1996; Inglehart and Klingemann, 2000). Moreover, personality traits as repressive- defensiveness, trust, emotional stability, locus of control-chance, desire for control, hardiness, positive a ectivity, private collective self-esteem, and tension have been linked to subjective wellbeing (DeNeve and Cooper, 1998; Diener et al., 2003). In order to attenuate the potencial bias for omitting personality traits, we follow Van Praag and Ferrer-i Carbonell (2008) and we construct a measure of personality traits that we in- clude in our regressions.The results show an important positive bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. In particular, after controlling by personality traits the OLS parameters associated with agency and shame decrease their magnitude in nearly 50% in the life satisfaction estimates. Also, the parameter associated with discrimination decreases in magnitude and becomes statistically insigni cant. On the other hand, the bias is less important in the estimates of job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. Overall, our results show that the di erence in life satisfaction between individuals who feel they have freedom to decide for themselves how to lead their life in comparison with the individuals that don't, has the same magnitude as the di erence in life satisfaction between people from the rst and fth quintile of income. Also, being in the fth quintile of the shame proneness index in comparison with the rst quintile has the same e ect on life satisfaction as the di erence in life satisfaction between the people from the second and fth quintile of income. Finally, perceived discrimination is not associated with life satisfaction. On the other hand, individuals with more agency at work are more satis ed with their job. In particular, individuals that do their job only because they need the money are less satis ed with their job in comparison with the individuals that do their job because they find almost twice the e ect related with working part-time. This study contributes to the recent but vast literature on subjective wellbeing and the literature on multidimensional wellbeing in development, more speci cally to recent studies emphasizing the importance of measuring dimensions of wellbeing that seem central to human development traditionally ignored in empirical work. Our results related with the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing are consistent with international evidence (Veen- hoven, 2000; Welzel et al., 2003; Inglehart et al., 2008; Verme, 2009; Welzel and Inglehart, 2010; Fischer and Boer, 2011; Victor et al., 2013). The same can be said with respect to the results related with the relationship between perceived discrimination and subjective well- being (Werkuyten and Nekuee, 1999; Pascoe and Smart Richman, 2009). To our knowledge the association between subjective wellbeing and shame proneness has not been explored before. More closely related to our paper, Inglehart et al. (2008) and Welzel and Inglehart (2010) provide cross country evidence of the link between subjective wellbeing and freedom. In particular, Welzel and Inglehart (2010) presents a human development model that links agency to subjective wellbeing. Using data form the World Values Survey, they show that people that have more opportunities in life put more emphasis on emancipative values, and, in turn, their gains in agency have a greater impact in their subjective wellbeing. On the other hand, Verme (2009) tries to address the role of personality traits in the relationship of agency and subjective wellbeing. He argue that the locus of control plays an important role in how humans value freedom of choice. Using a combination of all rounds of the World and European Value Surveys, he nds that the variables that measures freedom of choice and the locus of control predicts life satisfaction better than any other factors included in the study. In particular, people who believe that the outcome of their actions depends on internal factors appreciate more having freedom than people who believe that the results of their actions are determined by external factors. This work, highlights the importance of taking into account personality traits when analyzing the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing. Our paper contributes to the literature mainly in three ways. First, alongside with Verme (2009) we make a special e ort in order to control by personality traits which allow us avoid bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. Second, we explore the relationship between subjective wellbeing and shame. Third, we analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the data and introduces our measures of agency and dignity. Section 3 presents the empirical strategy. Section 4 presents the estimation results. Section 5 concludes.
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Noble, O. „Subjective well-being : a Ukrainian case study“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/16133/.
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In this thesis we revisit the recent and ongoing debates regarding dimensions of well-being, with particular emphasis on the complex relationship between aspects of the Capability Approach (CA) and measures emerging from the growing band of happiness studies. In doing so, we draw on literature from psychology, happiness studies, development studies, economics and sociology. We develop a conceptual model predicated on the argument that happiness is not synonymous with well-being, but is instead one important aspect of it. We develop a methodology suitable for exploring this model and test it empirically through a small-scale survey conducted in Kyiv, Ukraine. Our empirical investigation is based upon a necessary mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches, reflecting fully the interdisciplinary nature of the enquiry and subtle enough to capture the regional specificities which we argue are instrumental in determining well-being. Kyiv is an important case study, since it lies at the heart of one of the major post-communist transition economies, while as yet remaining outside of the European Union. The literature suggests that such countries are particularly ‘unhappy’, and our approach sheds light on this stylised empirical observation. Our survey provides data on wide-ranging aspects of well-being, including relationships, health, income, control, environment and trust. A carefully selected cohort of the original respondents was subsequently interviewed in-depth to explore the narratives around their own understanding of well-being in the context of our conceptual framework. We find that using a mixed methodology highlights the potential pitfalls of using surveys alone to try and capture concepts as complex as well-being, as well as suggesting that such investigations should take into account the specific context in which they are taking place. Our empirical approach also helps us to shed some light on why it is that Ukraine has tended to fare poorly in previous happiness studies.
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Mikalsen, Gro Nicoline. „Subjective Well-Being in a Norwegian Setting“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosialt arbeid og helsevitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17012.
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Abstract artikkel 1 Subjective well-being (SWB) is an upcoming concept that has caught the attention of the scientific community and society in general. Although much has been learned about the nature of “happiness” both the definition and measurements are still a work in progress. The current paper aimed to examine how global subjective well-being best can be measured based in the current theoretical understanding of the definition and assessment methods. SWB is by Diener (2009) considered to have three main components: positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction. The concept is complex with many interconnecting dimensions and correlates. The choice of SWB measurement method or instrument should be based on an understanding of the nature of SWB in addition to the study’s design and purpose. Self-report measures are the most utilized and generally shows good psychometric properties. This paper primarily recommends using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin 1985) combined with Scale of Positive And Negative Experience (SPANE; Diener et al. 2009) to measure SWB. Abstract artikkel 2 The interest and knowledge of subjective well-being (SWB) and its applicability has the latest decades grown both socially and scientifically. Assessment instruments validated for different languages and cultures can assist in the further development of the SWB concept as well as provide a base for monitoring communities’ fluctuations in SWB levels and operate as a social indicator index. Objective: The following study aimed at translating and validating four acknowledged SWB instruments on a Norwegian sample. Participants: Self-completion questionnaires were administered to convenience samples of senior citizens and university students in Trondheim, Norway. n = 254, 154 females, age 19-96. Design: Psychometric properties such as internal consistency, normative data, factorial structure and convergence validity were examined using independent sample t-tests and principal component factor analyses. Results and conclusions: The findings were overall consistent with previous findings. Overall no major divergences from the scales established psychometric standards were found which suggests that the questionnaires are fit for use on Norwegian samples. Furthermore, the study supports the scales as having good psychometric properties.
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Dijkstra, Maria Theresia Martina. „Workplace conflict and individual well-being“. [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/19202.
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Naeger, Mary. „Temporal, Perspectives, Dispositional Styles, and Subjective Well-Being“. TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/690.
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This study investigated the relationship between time perspective (TP) and the personality dispositions of optimism, pessimism, and realism with regard to their proposed influence on three measures that collectively assessed subjective well-being (SWB). The Depression-Happiness Scale (McGreal & Joseph, 1993) assessed happiness or the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect, the cognitiveaffective components of SWB. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) provided the measurement of subjective life satisfaction, the essential final cognitive-judgmental component of SWB. The Life Orientation Scale-Revised (LOT-R) (Scheier, Carver, and Bridges, 1994) and a Reality Scale, composed by the author, assessed the dispositional styles. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI) (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) assessed TP. Five temporal perspectives were found. Results indicated that the TPs emerged as strong and unique predictors of SWB in regression analysis. An optimal temporal profile was found that consisted of a combination of Present-Hedonistic, Future, and Past-Positive TP characteristics.
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Goldsmith, Glenn Fraser. „Essays in the economics of subjective well-being“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0106206d-80b7-45f9-9850-cd8e7d5c0e97.
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This thesis explores three major issues in the burgeoning empirical literature on the determinants of subjective well-being (SWB). While economic theory assumes that it is current consumption that matters to SWB, empirical work has focused almost exclusively on the effect of income. In Part 1, we use household panel data from Russia and Britain to show that neither the standard theoretical account, nor the standard empirical practice may be adequate. Consumption, income, and wealth each contribute separately to SWB, in particular via perceptions of status and anticipation of the future; and omitting consumption from SWB equations significantly understates the importance of money to SWB. Distinguishing between consumption and income is also important to identifying reference effects. In Part 2, we confirm earlier findings that others' income has a positive (informational) effect on SWB in Russia, but show that others' consumption has an offsetting negative (comparison) effect. The net effect depends on how we define individuals' reference groups. We develop a novel econometric model that lets us estimate these reference groups from the data. Contrary to previous results, we conclude that comparison dominates information. Most SWB analyses focus on the average effects of money, relationships, and other outcomes across a given population; yet there may be significant differences in what is important to different people. In Part 3, we employ parametric and semi-parametric random coefficient models to show that there are large differences in the determinants of individual SWB in Britain, and (in contrast to previous work) that such differences cannot simply be attributed to differences in individuals' reporting functions. While individual differences correlate with (some) observable demographic variables, they do not generally correlate with individuals' perceptions about what is important to them. The results of SWB research may therefore be a useful source of information.
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Danzer, Natalie. „Essays on subjective well-being and human capital“. Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542427.
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Kelly, Grace. „Subjective well-being and the measurement of poverty“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675662.
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Within the United Kingdom, assessments of societal progress have traditionally been made according to objective measures such as Gross Domestic Product. However, measures of subjective human conditions, such as 'quality of life', 'happiness' or 'well-being' are now being used more widely. This is reflective of a concern about the limitations of economic measures and the growing desire for complementary subjective measures to inform policy making. This thesis is concerned with the level of enthusiasm and speed at which these alternative subjective measures have being embraced and the consequences this poses for objective measures of poverty based on low income and material deprivation. This is because reflective measures like life satisfaction and overall well -being have been shown to be vulnerable to the phenomenon of adaptation and social comparisons, where people rate their situation with that of similar others and relative to what they have come to expect. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how poverty indicators are affected by such processes. It does so through the lens of Walter G. Runciman's (1966) concept of relative deprivation. Results reveal that people often make comparisons with similar others, either in a lateral or downward manner. As a result, expectations are lowered with aspirations and preferences being adapted to people's material and financial constraints. The study concludes that the 'enforced lack' (Mack and Lansley, 1985) measure is the most effective in identifying individuals at risk of material deprivation. Meanwhile, levels of overall life satisfaction are argued to be particularly vulnerable to adaptation processes. This is because people rate their satisfaction relative to the quality of their personal relationships, rather than using a more reflective view of life overall.
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Jankovic, Judita. „Value conflict, materialistic values and subjective well-being“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421724.
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Catibusic, Sanda-Wictoria. „Subjective Well-Being and Biomarkers of Health : The Relationship between Subjective Well-Being, The immune system and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis Activation“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-144135.
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An association between inflammation and mood deterioration has been proposed as a potential explanatory mechanism underlying many pathologies. Previous research attributes this consistently reoccurring connection between inflammation and psychopathology that is often reported within the literature, to a relationship between the HPA axis, the body’s stress response system and the immune system. There is evidence of a bidirectional feedback loop between end-products of the immune system and the HPA-axis such as cytokines and cortisol. This is supported by research reporting that components of subjective well-being such as positive affect, optimism and life satisfaction can produce beneficial health outcomes by potentially targeting this feedback loop. The present longitudinal study tested if higher positive affect independently corresponds to lower levels of inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and HPA axis marker cortisol. The study further tested if higher subjective well-being decreases levels of IL-6 and CRP as well as cortisol. The study employed a subsample of participants from the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) Biomarker project (n=174) that underwent testing at two separate time points across a period of 4 years. The data included subjective well-being, positive affect, IL-6, CRP, cortisol, perceived stress, neuroticism and demographic variables. Positive affect was not associated with any inflammatory marker or cortisol. Subjective well-being had no effect on CRP but reduced IL-6 and cortisol even when controlling for all control and demographic variables. It is concluded that subjective well-being may be linked to lower inflammation and HPA axis activity.Ett samband mellan inflammation och sjukdomsbeteende har föreslagits som en förklaringsmekanism bakom förekomsten av många patologier. Den konsekventa anknytningen mellan inflammation och psykopatologi som många tidigare studier demonstrerat innebär ett samband mellan immunsystemet och HPA-axeln som är den struktur som utgör kroppens svar på stressorer. Det finns tecken på en återkopplingsslinga mellan slutprodukter av det immunologiska systemet och HPA-axeln såsom cytokiner och kortisol. Detta har stöd i tidigare forskning som rapporterat att komponenter av subjektivt välbefinnande så som positiv affekt, optimism och livstillfredställelse kan medföra positiva hälsoutfall genom att potentiellt influera denna återkopplingsslinga. Förevarande longitudinella studie testar om högre positiv affekt leder till lägre nivåer av de inflammatoriska markörerna interleukin-6 (IL-6) och C-reaktivt protein (CRP) samt HPA-axel markören kortisol. Studien testar vidare även om högre subjektivt välbefinnande leder till lägre nivåer av IL-6, CRP och kortisol. Deltagarna är ett subsampel från Biomarkerprojektet (n = 174) inom Midlife in Japan (MIDJA) som genomgick testning vid två separata tidpunkter över en period av 4 år. Data består av subjektivt välbefinnande, positiv affekt, IL-6, CRP, kortisol, upplevd stress, neuroticism samt demografiska variabler. Positiv affekt hade ingen signifikant effekt på någon av de inflammatoriska markörerna eller kortisol. Subjektivt välbefinnande hade inte någon signifikant effekt på CRP men reducerade signifikant IL-6 och kortisol och dessa effekter förblev signifikanta efter kontroll för samtliga kontroll och demografiska variabler. Följaktligen dras slutsatsen att subjektivt välbefinnande kan leda till lägre inflammation och HPA-axel aktivitet.
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Sanchez, Indira. „Culture and Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Methods“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1731.
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The study of subjective well-being an interdisciplinary field that borrows from and contributes to disciplines such as psychology, economics, philosophy, and related fields due to the positive effects correlated with high subjective well-being. Cross cultural examinations of well-being help expand the knowledge base of subjective well-being, however, if current measures fail to take into account cultural variances in subjective well-being it undermines the validity of subjective well-being as a construct because western understandings of well-being are not as generalizable to other cultures as seems to be assumed by some measures. This essay provides an examination of popular measurements of subjective well-being and an analysis of the way they could interact with cultural differences in constructs related to subjective well-being.
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Wint, Shirlette. „Race and the subjective well-being of black Canadians“. Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31040.
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This thesis explores the notion of whether or not race is a determining factor in how African-Canadians perceive their subjective well-being. To this end, this study seeks to understand Blacks perception of what constitutes their identity and how they resist against minority consciousness. Also examined are their integration aspirations and the set of strategies they use to claim mobility status in mainstream North American society. The areas explored reflect interviewees' perceptions of the social factors that determine how they view their well-being. The data for this inquiry is gathered from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data from focus groups, are discussions that I facilitated while working on the Montreal Black Communities Demographic Project. Empirical research is used to support the data at specific points.Analysis of the data does not support the view that Blacks perceive their well-being as dependent on their status as racialized subjects. Research findings do however show that the social determinant of race has an impact on the strategies Blacks choose to obtain socio-economic status.
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Kim, Byunggook. „A conceptual framework for leisure and Subjective Well-Being“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378361.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 7, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4047. Adviser: Bryan McCormick.
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Greenspoon, Peter Jay. „Toward an integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ32785.pdf.
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Dirksen, Shannon Elaine Ruff. „Subjective well-being in patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184289.
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The purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model which predicted subjective well-being in patients who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. The theoretical model was developed from empirical findings based on a review of the literature in which health locus of control, social support and self-esteem were identified as significant predictors of well-being. The specific aim of this study was to examine the strength of the predicted relationships between selected psychosocial variables and subjective well-being. The study utilized a nonexperimental correlational design with a causal modeling approach. The convenience sample was composed of 75 individuals (x age = 52.5) who had been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Subjects completed four instruments which measured the theoretical concepts under study. Two additional instruments were administered which indexed the variables of search for meaning and concern of recurrence. Descriptive statistics were used in examining the demographic and situational characteristics of the sample. Multiple regression techniques were utilized to empirically test the predicted theoretical relationships and to estimate predictive validity for the theoretical concepts. Graphic residual analysis was performed to assess for violations in the statistical and causal model assumptions. Study findings revealed that social support had a direct positive impact on self-esteem (B =.27, R² =.06) and that self-esteem had a direct positive impact on well-being (B =.49, R² =.37). The two demographic variables of employment and income were found to have a direct positive impact on well-being (B =.22 and B =.26, respectively), and resulted in a 10% increase in the total explained variance in well-being. The theoretical model, which was generated to predict subjective well-being in malignant melanoma patients, explained 47% of the total variance in well-being. Research into the variables which influence patient well-being during the cancer experience is vital if nursing is to implement therapeutic interventions which will promote an improved life quality. By intervening with nursing actions that focus on a positive self-esteem, a greater sense of well-being could be attained by individuals diagnosed with cancer.
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Boyce, Christopher J. „Subjective well-being : an intersection between economics and psychology“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3121/.
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This thesis uses subjective well-being data to understand the impact that an individual’s economic circumstances have on their well-being. Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5 look specifically at the role of income on well-being; whilst Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the effect of employment status. This thesis draws heavily on psychological concepts and ideas; highlighting that an interdisciplinary approach to subjective well-being data can have substantial benefits to the study of well-being. Chapter 2 seeks to understand how people compare their incomes with one another. Relative judgment models from psychology are explored and the evidence suggests that individuals may be concerned with their rank position rather than their absolute position or how they compare relative to a mean level. Applying this idea to relative income studies it is shown that an individual’s rank income provides a better explanation of life satisfaction than either absolute income or their income relative to the mean income of those around them. Chapter 3 highlights that although more money may reduce psychological distress it is a relatively inefficient way to do so. This chapter provides medical evidence to suggest that psychological therapy is a more efficient way to reduce psychological distress. Income growth does not appear to increase national well-being in developed countries so this chapter suggests that increasing access to mental health care could be a better way to raise national well-being. Personality, although appropriately controlled for, is mostly ignored by economists researching subjective well-being data. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 therefore explore the use of personality measures in economic subjective well-being research. Chapter 4 proposes a new methodological technique that incorporates personality measures. Chapters 5 and 6 then show that personality interacts with important economic variables. These chapters show that personality is an important aspect to be understood by economists. Chapter 7 demonstrates the importance of using longitudinal data to understand causal effects on well-being. Improvements to occupational status have been argued to lead directly to improvements to health. This argument has been based solely on the cross-sectional association that individuals with high occupational status tend to have better health. Chapter 7 shows that improvements to occupational status actually tend to increase mental strain. Taken altogether these studies suggest that subjective well-being data provides a useful arena in which interdisciplinary research can be conducted.
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Ratcliffe, Anita. „House prices and consumption, subjective well-being and retirement“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544333.
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Abdullah, Junaida Lee Binti. „A study on leisure travel and subjective well-being“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/761/.
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Yang, Lin. „Subjective and preference-sensitive multidimensional well-being and inequality“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3493/.
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This thesis proposes a comprehensive framework that allows analysis of preference-sensitive well-being and inequality. It draws together complementary aspects of attempts to operationalise a more inclusive and multidimensional definition of well-being, through subjective well-being measurement, social welfare theory, and multidimensional indices of well-being and inequality. Theoretical proposals and empirical strategies are put forward, with illustrations using data from the British Household Panel Survey. Chapter 1 examines the underlying structure of subjective well-being, and the relationship between these subjective components of well-being and commonly targeted objective well-being indicators. A key finding is that subjective well-being follows a time-consistent dual structure of underlying ‘life satisfaction’ and ‘emotional well-being’ components. Additionally, the ‘life satisfaction’ component appears more strongly associated than the ‘emotional well-being’ component to changes in objective indicators of well-being. The ‘preference index approach’, the central proposal of the thesis, is introduced in Chapter 2. Preference comparisons are inspected at the individual and subgroup level, and a preference-sensitive index of multidimensional well-being is proposed. The chapter then uses the results of Chapter 1 to support the use of longitudinal life satisfaction regression to estimate the heterogeneous preferences between objective dimensions of life. Chapter 3 illustrates the properties of the preference index approach in terms of multidimensional inequality analysis. The main contribution is the incorporation of preference inequality as well as distributional inequality, and the ability to quantify their interdependent contributions to overall inequality in multidimensional well-being.
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Filozof, Eileen Emery. „Effect of Gratitude on Subjective Well-Being among Children“. Marietta College / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marietta1242657947.
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Geng, Jing. „Gender and the Subjective Well-being of Widowed Elders“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101093.
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Many studies suggest that aging women have unique experiences in widowhood, which are different from those of aging men because of gender inequality. This study explored the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to discover whether gender influences the factors that affect subjective well-being of elderly widows and widowers (aged 65 and over). To look at subjective well-being, I used a feminist gerontological approach to explore possible gender differences and examined life satisfaction, a life satisfaction scale, and happiness, their corresponding predictive factors, and their importance for each of the measures of subjective well-being. This study found that there were gender differences in total household income and social support from friends. Although gender did not affect subjective well-being directly, there were gender differences in the ways that education, total household income, total wealth, and social support from children and friends affected the subjective well-being of widows and widowers.Master of Science
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Jalilzadehazhari, Elaheh. „Windows and blinds selection for enhancing subjective well-being“. Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65211.
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Earlier studies in the context of windows and blinds selection have mostly tried to increase the awareness regarding various effects of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being, including their effect on visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. However, the main problem is the potential conflicts between visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Increased awareness about the contradictory effect of windows and blinds selection on subjective well-being on one hand and lack of a feasible method in managing the conflicts on the other hand may bind individuals, as decision-makers, in a situation where they follow the immediate economic benefits rather than the long-term visual and thermal benefits. To solve the mentioned problem, this study analysed first the degree of the conflicts between average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption in Sweden. This decision was made due to large variation in solar elevation angle and solar intensity between summer and winter in Sweden, which has significant effects on daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Analysing the conflicts was accomplished by developing two multivariate linear regression models for calculating average daylight illuminance and total energy consumption. Comparison and analysis of the multivariate linear regression models showed the existence of a high degree of conflicts, which makes window and blind selection a rather complex multidimensional problem. Specifying the degree of the conflicts formed a hypothesis as: “A multi criteria decision-making method increases the controllability and manages the conflicts in selecting windows and blinds”. The developed hypothesis was later tested by employing analytical hierarchy process, as widely used multi criteria decisionmaking method. The analytical hierarchy process prioritizes decision-maker’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The results of employing analytical hierarchy process showed the capability of it in managing the conflicts among visual comfort, thermal comfort, energy consumption and life cycle cost. Finally, the application of the analytical hierarchy process was expanded by integrating it with nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, as an optimization algorithm. Through this integration, optimization algorithm combines windows’ and blinds’ design variables and analyses a large number of solutions, while analytical hierarchy process ranks the solutions based on decision-makers’ preferences and introduces a desired trade-off solution. The integration between analytical hierarchy process and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II was presented later as a conceptual framework. The developed conceptual framework can be used for selecting windows and blinds II in both residential and commercial buildings. In selecting windows and blinds, the conceptual framework is a novel solution to the lack of a feasible method for increasing the controllability for decision-makers and obtaining a desired trade-off solution.Tidigare studier avseende val av fönster och solskydd har främst försökt fastställa olika effekter som valet av fönster och solskydd har på det subjektiva välbefinnandet. Detta inkluderar dessa föremåls effekt på den visuella komforten, den termiska komforten, energiförbrukningen och livscykelkostnaderna. Det huvudsakliga problemet är dock de potentiella konflikterna mellan visuell komfort, termisk komfort, energiförbrukning och livscykelkostnader. Avsaknaden av en metod för att hantera denna konflikt leder till att beslutfattaren fastnar i en situation där de snarare gör sitt val utifrån omedelbara ekonomiska fördelar än de långsiktiga visuella och termiska fördelarna. För att lösa ovan nämnda problem analyserades konflikterna mellan det genomsnittliga dagsljusinsläppet och den totala energiförbrukningen i Sverige. En av huvudanledningarna till konflikterna är att solens infallsvinkel och intensitet varierar kraftigt mellan sommar och vinter i Sverige. Detta har betydande effekter på dagsljusinfallet och den totala energiförbrukningen. Konflikterna analyserades genom att utveckla två multivariata linjära regressionsmodeller för att beräkna det genomsnittliga dagsljusinfallet och den totala energiförbrukningen. En jämförelse och analys av de multivariata linjära regressionsmodellerna påvisade en hög grad av konflikter, vilket gör valet av fönster och solskydd till ett komplext och flerdimensionellt problem. Bestämningen av graden av konflikt formade följande hypotes: ” En multikriterieanalysbaserat beslutsstöd ökar kontrollerbarheten och hanterar konflikter vid valet av fönster och solskydd”. Den utvecklade hypotesen testades senare med hjälp av Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), en ofta använd multikriterieanalys metod för beslutsfattande. Metoden tar fram lösningar genom att göra prioriteringar enligt beslutsfattarens preferenser. Resultaten av att tillämpa metoden visade metodens förmåga att lösa konflikterna kring visuell komfort, termisk komfort, energiförbrukning och livscykelkostnad. Slutligen utökades metoden genom att integrera AHP med optimeringsalgoritmen Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. Genom denna integrering kombinerar optimeringsalgoritmen fönstrens och solskyddens design variabler till ett stort antal lösningsförslag. Dessa lösningsförslag analyseras och till sist rangordnas lösningsförslagen med hjälp av AHP baserat på beslutsfattarnas preferenser. Integreringen av AHP och optimeringsalgoritmen presenterades som ett konceptuellt ramverk. I valet av fönster och solskydd är det konceptuella ramverket en ny lösning för att öka den upplevda kontrollen och därmed förstärka det subjektiva välbefinnandet.
ProWood
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Henry, Jaci Lee. „The subjective well-being of divorced single custodial parents“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/368.
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As the divorce rate consistently rises, the occurrence of single parent families are becoming increasingly prevalent. Despite the marked increase in single custodial parents, research on this population (and more importantly, into the positive aspects such as their subjective well-being) has been neglected. Over the past three decades, psychologists have shifted the emphasis of their research from examining demographic and pathogenic factors to a positive psychology framework focusing on personality and resilience. The general aim of this study was to explore and describe the subjective wellbeing, including satisfaction with life and general happiness, of divorced, single custodial parents. In addition, this study aimed to identify potential patterns among the aspects of subjective well-being investigated and aimed to explore the relationships between these patterns. Thirty-five participants were included for participation in this study by means of non-probability, purposive sampling. The research measures included a biographical questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Affectometer-2 Scale (AFM-2). The data were analysed by the researcher and an independent statistician in terms of descriptive statistics and cluster analysis, or according to content analysis. This reflects a triangulation data collection and analysis method. Key findings included the following: The results of the SWLS indicated that the majority of participants reported being slightly dissatisfied with their lives. The results of the AFM-2 indicated that the participants generally had high levels of positive affect, and low levels of negative affect. However, the participants’ overall levels of happiness were still relatively low. A four cluster solution was obtained, with the clusters being significantly different from each other on all input variables. The first cluster experienced high levels of positive affect, low levels of negative affect, and high levels of overall happiness. The second cluster experienced predominantly slight dissatisfaction with their lives, high levels of positive affect, low levels of negative affect, and slightly low levels of overall happiness. The third cluster reported mostly dissatisfaction with their lives, low levels of positive affect, high levels of negative affect, and very low levels of overall happiness. The fourth cluster experienced predominantly slight satisfaction with xi life, slightly high levels of positive affect, neutral levels of negative affect, and low levels of overall happiness. It appeared that clusters containing participants who were satisfied with their jobs, were involved in a personal relationship and who participated in leisure activities, all experienced higher levels of subjective well-being. Overall, this study emphasises the value of and the need for South African research on the subjective wellbeing of divorced, single custodial parents.
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Nell, Hermann Werner. „Hope, religiosity and subjective well-being / Hermann Werner Nell“. Thesis, North West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13175.
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This study explored the relationship between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being among a group of 430 participants (28.8% male, 88.4% black, 8.4% white) residing in the Gauteng Province South Africa. The sample consisted of students (n = 210) as well as family members of these students (n = 220). A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was used. Data was gathered using the Adult Trait-hope Scale, a three item measure of religiosity, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Descriptive statistics were computed in SPSS 22. Following this, correlations between all latent variables were calculated in Mplus Version 7.11, where after latent variable modelling was performed. During this process, an initial measurement model was specified, which was examined for goodness of fit, and compared against two competing measurement models. The best fitting model was then subjected to a process of model development, and subsequently re-specified as a structural model. The fit of this model was again assessed and compared to two competing structural models. Finally, indirect effects between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being (comprised of positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) were investigated. The results revealed that religiosity was a significant predictor of both agency and pathway hope, and that the strength of this relationship was moderate in the case of agency hope, and weak in the case of pathway hope. In turn, agency hope predicted higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, and lowered levels of negative affect. However, with the exception of positive affect (with which it was positively associated), pathway hope was not related to any of the subjective well-being variables, suggesting that it is less significantly associated with subjective well-being than agency hope. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that agency hope acted as a significant mediator of the relationship between religiosity and life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Pathway hope mediated the relationship between religiosity and positive affect. These results suggest that the elevated levels of subjective well-being often found in relation to religiosity can at least in part be attributed to the fact that religion is associated with elevated levels of hope. The mini-dissertation is concluded with a chapter that outlines the conclusions and limitations related to the study, and on this basis, several recommendations were proposed for future research and practical application of the findings.MA (Positive Psychology), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
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Ivens, John. „Assessing schoolchildren's subjective well-being and how it is affected by being bullied“. Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248399.
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Hardy, Bradley L. „ESSAYS ON INCOME VOLATILITY AND INDIVIDUAL WELL-BEING“. UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/831.
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My dissertation consists of three essays in which I document trends in earnings and income volatility, estimate potential causal mechanisms for changing volatility, and examine the long-term consequences of parental income volatility for children. In essay 2 I document trends in earnings and income volatility of individuals and families using matched data in the March Current Population survey from 1973 to 2009. Essay 3 advances the literature on volatility, using matched data from the CPS to identify demographic and labor market correlates of earnings volatility within education-birth year cohorts. This study collapses the cross-sectional CPS into a pseudo-panel and then estimates the association between earnings volatility and race, local economic activity, and industry, accounting for endogeneity and sample selection bias. In essay 4 I use data linked across generations in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to estimate the relationship between exposure to volatile income during childhood and a set of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. The empirical framework is an augmented intergenerational income mobility model that includes controls for income volatility.
I find that family income volatility rose by 38 percent over the past four decades, likely driven both by rising volatility of earnings and non means-tested non-labor income. Rising family income volatility occurs across race, education, and family structure. From essay 3, I find that individuals with lower mean earnings have higher earnings volatility. Earnings volatility is also weakly related to race, decreases when young and then rises while workers are still within prime working years. Industry and local economic conditions are significantly related to the occurrence of earnings volatility after accounting for education, though these links differ between men and women. Finally, when examining the intergenerational consequences of volatility, a weak negative association occurs between family income instability during childhood and adult educational outcomes in essay 4.