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Fields, Desiree, David Bissell und Rachel Macrorie. „Platform methods: studying platform urbanism outside the black box“. Urban Geography 41, Nr. 3 (18.02.2020): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2020.1730642.
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Gaffney, Vince, Helen Patterson, Paul Roberts, G. Barratt, A. Bradley, W. Clarke, D. Goodman et al. „Forum Novum–Vescovio: Studying urbanism in the Tiber valley“. Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400019838.
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The Roman town of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills to the northeast of Rome. Its study forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, a collaborative research initiative which studies the Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome, tracing the impact of Rome's development on the history of its settlement, economy, and cultural identity from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1300 (Patterson and Millett 1999; Patterson et al. 2000) (fig. 1). The project draws on the extensive work carried out in this area to produce a new, material-based history of the valley. While the project seeks to re-evaluate past survey material, a vital contrast is provided by the development of new field projects to fill the gaps in settlement knowledge. Three main lacunae have been identified: the study of urban centres; the dearth of data from the E bank of the Tiber; and the poor understanding of the late-antique and early Mediaeval landscape. Forum Novum offers an opportunity to address all these lacunae.Urbanism forms a key research theme for the Tiber Valley Project. In marked contrast to the intensity of archaeological work on rural settlement in this area, there has been little systematic research on towns. Study has tended to concentrate on the excavation of monumental structures or, more rarely, the investigation of single and exceptional towns such as Ostia and Rome itself. Surprisingly little is known of the organization of the smaller towns and knowledge of their history is based largely on the epigraphic and documentary evidence.
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Padawangi, Rita. „Benedict Anderson: A Reflection by an Indonesian Urbanist“. Theory, Culture & Society 33, Nr. 7-8 (17.10.2016): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276416667201.
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In this article, I reflect on Benedict Anderson’s work on Indonesian urbanism. There are at least three concepts from Anderson’s work, particularly Imagined Communities, which deserve further attention in Indonesia’s urban studies, namely: 1) political cultures; 2) territorial boundaries; and 3) the urban scale of imagined communities. Besides the conceptual dimensions, the perspectives of Anderson’s work that featured ethical stance and strong commitments are useful principles in studying urbanisms in Indonesia, particularly in dealing with pragmatism in urban development. The three conceptual dimensions, along with the critical stance toward political and economic elites, point towards paying increased attention to marginalized communities in conducting urban research.
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Ponzini, Davide, und Fabio Manfredini. „New Methods for Studying Transnational Architecture and Urbanism: A Primer“. TERRITORIO, Nr. 80 (Mai 2017): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2017-080015.
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Javanmardi, Leila. „Urbanism under dictatorship“. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, Nr. 3 (11.11.2019): 498–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-05-2019-0128.
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Purpose By analyzing urbanism products, development plans and the process of modernization in Iran, the purpose of this paper is to critically trace the effect of dictatorial control on urbanism and the emergence of government-imposed urban segregation. Design/methodology/approach The main body of this work is concentrated on studying the history of urbanism in Iran, of which collecting data and descriptions played a crucial role. To prevent the limitations associated with singular methods, the methodology of this research is based on methodological triangulation (Denzin, 2017). With the triangulation scheme, the data are gathered by combining different qualitative and quantitative methods such as library, archival and media research, online resources, non-participatory observation and photography. For the empirical part, the city of Tehran is selected as the case study. Moreover, individual non-structured interviews with the locals were conducted to gain more insights regarding the housing projects. Findings The results reveal that despite the intense propaganda, the regime policies barely mentioned the urban poor. With the rise of new principles of architecture and urban planning, the regime tried to promote the image of an updated society; restructuring of the urban space was part of this process. However, the majority of the urban projects disregarded the financial ability of low-income groups and eventually benefited only the middle and upper classes. Also, by imposing a physical distance, low-income neighborhoods were located in the south in order to marginalize the urban poor who were in contrast with the idea of a modern city. Under these circumstances, severe economic inequality was provoked, which to this day has transformed into a complex socio-spatial segregation. Originality/value The works of general historical studies are not concentrated on urbanism and urban researchers have mostly focused on urbanism products during different periods, regardless, of the importance of urbanism as a tool in the service of hegemony. In other words, the majority of existing research investigates the evolution of urbanism and architecture in modern Iran, by questioning “what has been built?” and has ignored to trace the beneficiaries of the urban projects and to question “built for whom?”. Moreover, urbanism under the government of Mossadegh (1951–1953) has been largely overlooked, which could be due to his short time as Prime Minister of Iran. Mossadegh’s government was the first democratic government in Iran; hence investigating the policies used in this period has a great importance.
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Gudekli, Aysad, Murat Ertan Dogan, Tulay Goru Dogan und Duygu Gudekli. „Gender, Sustainability, and Urbanism: A Systematic Review of Literature and Cross-Cluster Analysis“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 20 (18.10.2023): 14994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014994.
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Gender diversity and equality have a significant influence on policymaking regarding sustainable development, environmental issues, and urbanism. This study examines the general bibliometric outlook and research patterns of publications on gender equality, urbanism, and sustainability to provide a general perspective on the relevant literature and trends for institutions and scholars who wish to conduct research within the framework of gender, sustainability, and urbanism. The findings of this study show that there are a limited number of studies dealing with gender equality, sustainability, and urbanism. The study analyzed 308 papers in total, utilizing data mining and analytics techniques such as t-SNE and SNA for a systematic review process. The study utilized the PRISMA protocol as the research method. The results showed that research on the frame of gender, sustainability, and urbanism peaked in 2021, and the top countries for studying gender, sustainability, and urbanism are the USA, the UK, Spain, and China. The research fields that contributed the most were those dealing with environmental studies and green and sustainable technologies, followed by those dealing with business and women’s studies. The following three thematically inclined clusters were revealed by the t-SNE analysis: (1) Gender Diversity, Corporate Sustainability, and Board Governance; (2) Gender, Environmental Sustainability, Sustainable Development, and Policy Agenda; and (3) Gender, Sustainable Urbanism, and Community Development. The findings of the study revealed that fostering gender equality with policies such as gender mainstreaming, as in SDG 5 and SDG 11, and gender equality strategies of the EU or UN will help to overcome discrimination against women in the urban space and empower sustainable development.
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González, T., D. Sol, J. Saenz, D. Clavijo und H. García. „URBAN MULTISENSORY LABORATORY, AN APPROACH TO MODEL URBAN SPACE HUMAN PERCEPTION“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W3 (25.09.2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w3-29-2017.
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An urban sensory lab (USL or LUS an acronym in Spanish) is a new and avant-garde approach for studying and analyzing a city. The construction of this approach allows the development of new methodologies to identify the emotional response of public space users. The laboratory combines qualitative analysis proposed by urbanists and quantitative measures managed by data analysis applications. USL is a new approach to go beyond the borders of urban knowledge. The design thinking strategy allows us to implement methods to understand the results provided by our technique. In this first approach, the interpretation is made by hand. However, our goal is to combine design thinking and machine learning in order to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data automatically. Now, the results are being used by students from the Urbanism and Architecture courses in order to get a better understanding of public spaces in Puebla, Mexico and its interaction with people.
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McCann, Eugene, und Kevin Ward. „Assembling Urbanism: Following Policies and ‘Studying Through’ the Sites and Situations of Policy Making“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44178.
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Davies, Matt. „Teaching urban spaces and world politics: Perdido Street Station and pedagogies of production“. Art & the Public Sphere 10, Nr. 2 (01.11.2021): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00060_1.
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This article explores teaching international politics, international political economy (IPE) and urbanism through a reading of China Miéville’s novel, Perdido Street Station. The novel as an artefact of popular culture affords a critical encounter with the production of space for students of international politics and IPE. Departing from prevailing approaches to understanding the urban in relation to the international that tend to focus on networks and circulation, the article offers a reading of the novel as demonstrating the production of space. The article links a critique of the hierarchical relations between teacher and student to critiques of the subordination of labour to design and planning, both of which render invisible the work of producing knowledge and space. Through an analysis of the political struggles over the formal and real subsumption of labour in Perdido Street Station, the article argues that studying the politics of urbanism in relation to the international through artefacts of popular culture can disrupt the invisibility of work.
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Bresciani, Maria Stella. „A cidade: objeto de estudo e experiência vivenciada“. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 6, Nr. 2 (30.11.2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2004v6n2p9.
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Estudar a(s) cidade(s) implica estabelecer conexões de tipo variado com a própria experiência de viver em cidades. Conexões objetivas de moradia e trabalho, laços afetivos tecendo espaços nos quais as lembranças compõem um acervo especial, nós intrincados que relacionam expectativas e imagens, idealizadas em grande parte e resistentes à passagem do tempo. O interesse intelectual pelo estudo da(s) cidade(s) procede com certeza de questões colocadas no presente, ainda quando nos fazem retroceder para um momento no qual consideramos poder captar um elo significativo que elucide as pouco acolhedoras condições de vida nas cidades contemporâneas.Palavras-chave: cidade; urbanismo; história; imagens; memória. Abstract: To study the cities means to establish connections to the experience of living in cities. Objective connections concerning living and working conditions, affective ties that build spaces where reminding constitute a special repertoire relating images and expectations mostly idealized and resistant to time. The intellectual interest in studying the city(ies) comes certainly from present questions, despite making us retrocede to moments where we can catch the significant links able to explain the quite uncomfortable living conditions in the contemporary cities.Keywords: cities; urbanism; history; images; memory.
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Janu, Swati. „On-the-Go Settlements: Understanding Urban Informality Through Its Digital Substructure“. Urbanisation 2, Nr. 2 (November 2017): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455747117740651.
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This article investigates the digital networks within informal settlements in Delhi through an ethnographic and practice-based research methodology. 1 By studying top-up and media consumption at the ubiquitous phone recharge shop and uncovering the persistence of video game parlours in squatter settlements, the article presents the subversive, low-tech nature of this digital nexus. It looks at the parallels and intersections between the networked realities of these technologies and the alternative model of urbanism offered by the informally built areas where they thrive.
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Isendahl, Christian. „Agro-urban landscapes: the example of Maya lowland cities“. Antiquity 86, Nr. 334 (Dezember 2012): 1112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00048286.
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The author sets out to explain why Maya cities are so dispersed, with a ceremonial core surrounded by spacious neighbourhoods. Using the case study of Xuch, and the judicious application of phosphate analysis, he shows that these were clusters of farmsteads, growing food. Tackling the apparent confrontation of town and country in the same settlement he urges us to reconsider ‘urbanism’ as being too narrow a term in archaeology. Solutions that combine food production and ritual can be seen as increasingly diverse. The paper provides valuable reflections for archaeologists studying settlement evolution the world over.
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Novaković, Nevena, Anita Milaković und Dijana Simonović. „Situated learning in a theory course on urbanisation: Lessons from Banja Luka“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 12, Nr. 3 (2020): 270–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj2003270n.
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Many theoretical and methodological efforts have been made to extend the disciplinary field of architecture and urbanism from the urban in the traditional sense to the larger territorial scales of contemporary urbanisation. This paperdiscusses the ways of studying the dispersed and polymorphic urban form that still needs to be understood. The discourse is developed around the situated learning model adequate for understanding the planetary urbanisation theory and the dispersed city. The learning model is applied inside the Urbanisation in the Western Balkan Countries course at the master's studies in Architecture and Urbanism (University of Banja Luka). The situated learning model engages students in the research of real-life context, culture and situation, and therefore, connects the theories of large-scale urbanisation with the inquiry about familiar space. Furthermore, the learning approach advocates an inquiry-based strategy to learning about urbanisation and a dispersed urban form in theoretical courses. The course employs the techniques typically taught in design studios, such as mapping, collage imagery and three-dimensional modelling. The paper could contribute to the considerations on the education of architects as professionals that will deal with the growing scales of contemporary urbanisation, specifically in the Western Balkan countries..
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Seitkhamzina, G. Zh, L. M. Bekenova, E. Kh Akhatova und M. D. Akhtanova. „Main provisions of modern urban concepts“. Bulletin of "Turan" University, Nr. 3 (07.10.2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2021-1-3-51-56.
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The article considers the main provisions of modern urban concepts. The purpose of this article is to systematize and analyze them, as well as to identify universal models and strategies for the development and modernization of cities for modern global society. The authors explore the very concept of urbanization and the basic principles, concepts of modern urbanism to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of modern urban concepts and their systematization. The main aspects of the manifestation of the globality of urbanization at the present stage, philosophical and ideological, problematic and spatial (geographical), are studied. The main provisions of urban planning developed within the framework of the concept of New Urbanism are also given. After analyzing the main provisions considered, it is concluded that this concept is aimed at creating comfortable environmentally, ergonomically and socially balanced conditions for human habitation and for nature conservation. When studying the basic concepts of urbanization, a set of the following methods of economic research was used: monographic, program-target, logical. In the work on the study, such theoretical research methods as comparisons and generalizations, scientific abstraction and synthesis were also used.
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Norenkov, Sergey V., Evgenia S. Krasheninnikova und Violetta A. Denisova. „City regulations of housing districts, megacities, agglomerations: synarchiotectonics of places of power in Russia“. Urban construction and architecture 12, Nr. 1 (11.04.2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2022.01.8.
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The modes of living of people and the organization of the space of dwellings in general, and the places where people stay in particular, are serious vectors for studying both the theoretical and practical application of settlement and construction systems. At the level of responsible attitude of both citizens and management structures of the country, Russia, as the world's largest habitable space, proves its grandiose achievement of the resilience of the Russian superethnos. From these initial positions, the synarchiotectonic practice, logic and methodology of modern eco-urbanism of Russia, its long-suffering city regulations of the national program Housing originates.
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Wilson, Andrew, Paul Bennett, Ahmed Buzaian, Susanne Ebbinghaus, Kenneth Hamilton, Alette Kattenberg und Eleni Zimi. „Urbanism and Economy at Euesperides (Benghazi): preliminary report on the 1999 season“. Libyan Studies 30 (1999): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900002843.
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AbstractThis paper reports on the first season of a new project at Euesperides (Benghazi) aimed at studying the urban development and economy of the city. Two area excavations were started, the first on the site of early Hellenistic pebble and tessellated mosaics discovered in 1998, and the second in what appears to be an area of houses and workshops built against the city wall on the east side of the mound of Sidi Abeid. Geophysical survey and surface prospection was also undertaken; it appears that the lower-lying extension to the city was much larger than previously thought, and several modifications are necessary to previously published plans of the site. Much of the lower city is covered with large spreads of deliberately crushed shells of Murex trunculus, indicating the production of purple dye on a significant scale. Other evidence of urban production was also recovered, notably metal-working, while study of the ceramic assemblage shows widespread trading connections, with significant imports of coarsewares besides the expected fineware and amphora imports.
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Bagheri, Mahsa. „Traces of Social Sustainability in Garden Cities- Karlsruhe as a Case Study“. European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, Nr. 4 (01.10.2020): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n4p250.
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Discussions about sustainable communities as a significant measure in social sustainability began in the 2000s. Sustainable communities are defined as places in which existing and future generations would like to work and live. They contribute to the well-being and quality of life and offer equal opportunities to their residents. The definitions are similar to the objectives of one of the most influential movements in the history of urban planning: the Garden City. The principles of the Garden City are applicable to new and existing towns and its concept has been adopted in different contexts until today. Therefore, many lessons can be learnt regarding sustainable urbanism by studying social sustainability in this type of urban settlement. As a first step towards this aim, this paper studies the experience of living in the Garden City of Karlsruhe today. A survey was conducted among the current inhabitants. The study shows a high level of satisfaction and the tendency for a long residency in the Garden City because of the reasons like ample greenery, central location, and quietness of the settlement. The results will be used as the first dataset for developing a framework for urban social sustainability in the Garden Cities.
Keywords: sustainable urbanism, social sustainability, sustainable communities, user satisfaction, Garden Cities
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Al-Latif, Prof Dr Basheer Ibrahim, und Dr Sinai Adnan Abdullah. „The problem of Urban Settlement in Iraqi cities And its solution“. ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 225, Nr. 2 (01.09.2018): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v225i2.148.
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The research aims at studying the main reasons for the problem of residency in Iraq. This problem is common in all Iraqi cities. The problem has reasons and dimensions that increase the residency deficiency because of urbanism and the immigration of the rural people to the city. That generated pressure on most of the Iraqi cities. The study conducted by which was prepared by the Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Residence affirmed these facts. It referred to the amount of deficiency and the need of housing units in the cities of Iraq, which requires efforts and economic and social abilities and the employment of all the energies to fill the gap in the field of settlement.
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L'Hostis, Alain. „Detour and break optimising distance, a new perspective on transport and urbanism“. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, Nr. 3 (28.03.2016): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516638849.
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By studying the mathematical properties of metrics, we identify three fundamental characteristics of distance, which are optimality, detour and break. In this paper, we explore the implications of these properties for transport planning, urbanism and spatial planning. We state that distances contain the idea of optimum and that any distance is associated to a search for optimisation. Pedestrian movements obey this principle and sometimes depart from designed routes. Local sub-optimality conveyed by public transport maps has to be corrected by interventions on public space to relieve the load on central parts of networks. The second principle we state is that detour in distances is most often a means to optimise movement. Fast transport systems generate most of the detour observed in geographical spaces at regional scale. This is why detour has to be taken into account in regional transport policies. The third statement is that breaks in movement contribute to optimising distances. Benches, cafés, pieces of art, railway stations are examples of the urban break. These facilities of break represent an urban paradox: they organise the possibility of a break, of a waste of time in a trip, and they also contribute to optimising distances in a wider network. In that sense, break should be considered as a relevant principle for the design of urban space in order to support a pedestrian-oriented urban form.
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Teixeira, Caio. „Networked Technopolitics: Immigrant Integration as City Branding“. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, Nr. 1 (20.07.2020): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v12.i1.6966.
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The article explores the role of network-led policymaking with a focus on immigrant integration. Drawing on the EUROCITIES Integrating Cities Charter, it sheds light on how immigration-related diversity governance plays a part in the city-branding strategies. The relevance of policy advocacy through the lens of cosmopolitan urbanism is instrumental for studying the governance of migration and diversity in the age of integration paradigm. Contemporary local policymaking in immigrant integration shaped by city-to-city cooperation tell us about policy models associated to cities’ image. Therefore, city branding strategies framed on behalf of networked technopolitics represent a challenging way to study the immigrant integration approach. This exploratory study is based on desk research with an emphasis on literature review and documentary analysis.
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Saleem, Hiwa Sadiq, und Samah Samad Ali. „Geographical Analysis of the Determinants of Spatial Expansion in the City of Kirkuk“. Journal of University of Raparin 8, Nr. 3 (29.09.2021): 20–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(8).no(3).paper2.
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The city of Kirkuk found a large spatial expansion in line with its functional requirements. It was interrupted by determinants represented by the stress areas that clearly affected the city’s growth. Based on that, the research aims to classify the stress areas and identify axes and directions for their expansion, relying on an inductive approach. Introduction, the first axis began to study the stress areas in terms of their concept, classification and characteristics, while the second axis was devoted to the school of urban development (population and urbanism) by dividing them into four morphological stages, while the third axis was devoted to studying and identifying patterns of stress areas and their impact on spatial expansion, and the research was concluded with a sentence of Conclusions and recommendations.
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Bassim, Amna, Mohamed Salih und Dhirgham Alobaydi. „Metaphor of Symbols of Iraqi Architecture and Urbanism: Studying symbols as identity of Governmental Buildings’ façades in Baghdad, Iraq“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 745 (21.03.2020): 012157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/745/1/012157.
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Habrel, M. „«ATYPICAL» PROBLEMS OF URBANISM CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND APPROACHES TO THE SOLUTION“. Municipal economy of cities 6, Nr. 159 (27.11.2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-62-69.
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In the urban sphere, the problems become more complicated and there are many violations and errors, so the problem of streamlining the problems of urban planning and substantiation of new methodological tools for solving «atypical» problems is relevant, as classical methods are ineffective. In the article the author solved problems: classification, specification of structure and maintenance of urban problems; substantiation of typological features and selection of «atypical» urban problems; outlining the general algorithm and methods of their solution; checks of orderly methodical tools on urban tasks of Lviv. Existing methods and solutions of urban problems are systematized. The general scientific methods of research include: theoretical (convergence from the abstract to the concrete, the method of formalization, the historical method, the system-structural, the method of studying documents); empirical (method of observation, comparison, field surveys, measurements) and empirical-theoretical (abstraction, analysis, synthesis, logical method, modeling), as well as statistical, historical, sociological and cartographic analysis. The classification and «atypical» problems of urban planning are carried out, the methodical tools of their solution are arranged. Methods and means to increase the efficiency of functioning and development of urban systems are based on the provisions of fuzzy sets and their essence. Thus, the new methods should classify urban problems by input and output indicators and knowledge of the internal structure of the system (processes and behavior). According to the theory of validity, in the first step, data are collected using various methods, denoted by codes, grouped into groups to make them more effective. Classification and characterization of «atypical» tasks, as well as updated methodological tools were tested on the example of Lviv — the principles and ways of reforming and developing its spatial structure. The forecast of the future is based on the genesis and historical ways of development of territories and cities. New ways or elimination of old ones meet at radical reforms, and development is caused not only by historical longevity and change of conditions, but also by new processes and behavior of system. There are ways to solve «atypical» problems: simple, including one direction; more complex covers the main direction and two or three additional subdirections; complex includes one or two main directions and several subdirections. This substantiates the feasibility of permanent city design and updating of urban planning documentation.
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Wazeri, Yehia Hassan. „Architecture in the Islamic Vision“. Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, Nr. 1 (09.06.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i1.7867.
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The Qur’an contains about eighteen verses that refer to the architecture of the earth. Nearly two hundred elements (terminologies) of architecture and town planning have been mentioned in the Quran. This paper aims to present examples from the Quran to shed light on the Islamic vision of architecture and art. It uses content analysis method to achieve the objective of the research. The analysis is done by studying and discussing verses of the Holy Quran, which is related to architecture and urbanism. One of the most important results of this research is to give distinct architectural and urban examples, include the following: building materials, environmental architecture, houses of insects, visual illusions in architecture, and the centrality of Mecca to the world. All of them is explained in the Qur’an verses, such as Al-Baqarah, An-Naml, An-Nahl, Al-Kahf, and Al-Fajr.
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Abrahamyan, Arsen, und Sargis Tovmasyan. „Multilayer Reading of the Urban Environment as a Method of Studying Space Transformation“. Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research 5 (09.12.2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2023.5-005.
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Abstract: The urban environment is undergoing significant transformations driven by a multitude of factors, raising methodological questions about forecasting these changes within the context of sustainable development. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of urban science, exploring how it scrutinizes urban spaces, the tools it employs, and the aspects it often overlooks.
Contemporary urban science confronts the intricate web of constituents that comprise a city system and their intricate interplay. This complexity underscores the fragmentary and non-comprehensive nature of modern urban studies. The questions of what urban science is, from what point of view and with what tools it examines the urban space, and which phenomena are ignored or incompletely studied in that process were studied. Based on the complexity level of the constituent elements of the city system and the interrelationship of these elements, the non-comprehensive and fragmentary character of studies of modern urban science has been formulated, and "Reading" the city becomes an essential endeavor, unveiling the city's narrative, culture, and identity. This article contemplates the principles and methodologies of reading the urban landscape, recognizing it as a dynamic, ever-evolving text that we must interpret and comprehend.
Article states the need for "reading" the city and form the "language" of the city applying the concept of "textuality" as an interdisciplinary method to study the space, as well as the principles and methods of reading the urban landscape. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together diverse methods to shed light on the multifaceted urban landscape. This holistic and interdisciplinary approach is vital in addressing the dynamic challenges and opportunities posed by modern urbanization.
Keywords: urbanism, landscape, transformation, identity, textuality,
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Valdes Odriozola, Maria S. „Sociocultural aspects of studying the Moscow metro as a phenomenon of architecture in extreme environments“. Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 62 (2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-62-36-44.
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The subject of the research is the essence and specificity of socio-cultural aspects of the first stages of construction of the Moscow metro as phenomena of architecture in extreme environments. The object of research is the socio-cultural aspects of the architecture in extreme environments. The study provides their classification. The author relies on the principles of heterotopy research proposed by Paul-Michel Foucault while drawing upon a number of research methods, such as micro-urbanism, the study of the city in its “details”; visual sociology (visual anthropology); a systematic approach for collecting and analyzing materials, as well as thesaurus analysis of culture, allowing to systematize the results obtained by other methods. The paper identifies the features of creating socio-cultural spaces in an extreme environment on the example of the Moscow metro. The author focuses on the methods of creating a psychologically comfortable environment in the metro, as well as the possibility of architectural and artistic components of underground stations as translators of values and meanings. For the first time this paper examines the socio-cultural component of Moscow metro stations in the context of studying the essence and specifics of socio-cultural aspects of the architecture in extreme environments. The author's personal contribution is that, basing on the principles of research of socio-cultural spaces and the methodology of her own, she managed to detect specific features of creating the socio-cultural space of the Moscow metro first stations.
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MOISEEVA, Darya V., und Nadezhda V. DULINA. „COMPREHENDING THE CITY... BOOK REVIEW: T. A. VLASOVA, K. N. OBUKHOV «IZHEVSK 2020: EXPERIENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE SYMBOLIC SPACE OF THE CITY»“. PRIMO ASPECTU, Nr. 1(45) (24.03.2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/2500-2635-2021-1-45-58-63.
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The article discusses the key points of the sociological study of the symbolic space of the city of Izhevsk, performed by T. A. Vlasova and K. N. Obukhov in 2019-2020 and the results, which the researchers have designed in the form of a monograph. When studying the problems of urban development, T. A. Vlasova and K. N. Obukhov managed to get away from the dry bureaucratic language inherent in official documents and reports, and create a «living» picture of the modern Russian city of Izhevsk, reflecting the opinion of the expert community living in this city and ordinary citizens. At the same time, the book contains a lot of «fairy tales», a thoughtful acquaintance with which can be useful both for scientists specializing in the study of the city and urbanism, and for practitioners implementing projects of urban improvement and the formation of the city's brand.
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De Faria, Rodrigo. „Urbanismo e municipalismo na Espanha* IEAL e a articulação Ibero-americana para o desenvolvimento municipal | Urbanism and municipalismo in Spain IEAL and Ibero-american articulations for municipal development“. ZARCH, Nr. 6 (16.09.2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201661463.
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Este artigo está direcionado ao estudo dos temas e debates que ocorriam no municipalismo espanhol na década de 1950, especialmente em relação à atuação institucional do Instituto de Estudios de Administración Local (IEAL) e seu papel na retomada da construção das articulações internacionais com os países ibero-americanos. Com foco na organização e debates que ocorreram no I Congresso Ibero-americano de Municípios em Madrid no ano de 1955, interesse é analisar o pensamento urbanístico espanhol em suas articulações com o pensamento municipalista, e assim evidenciar as concepções dos profissionais e professores que atuavam na Escuela de Estudios Urbanos do IEAL, especialmente Gabriel Alomar, autor do livro “Teoria de la Ciudad”, certamente base conceitual que orientava a formação dos funcionários públicos para atuarem no campo do urbanismo para o desenvolvimento municipal dentro dos pressupostos da autonomia local. This paper is directed to studying the themes and debates occurred in the Spanish Municipalism in the 1950s, particularly regarding the Instituto de Estudios de Administración Local (IEAL) – Institute of Local Administration Studies, and its role in the construction of international articulations with the Ibero-american countries. Focusing on the organization and debates occurred during the I Congreso Iberoamericano de Municípios (Congress of the Iberoamerican Municipalities) in Madrid in the year of 1955, it aims to analyze the Spanish urbanistic thinking and its articulations with the municipalist thinking, in order to evidence the conceptions of professional and academics of the IEAL’s Escuela de Estudios Urbanos (School of Urban Studies), specially Gabriel Alomar, author of the book “Teoria de La Ciudad” (Theory of the City), certainly the conceptual base that oriented the education of the civil servants to act in the urbanism field for municipal development within the framework of local autonomy.
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Аль-Джабери, А. А. Х., A. A. H. Al'-Dzhaberi, М. Перькова, Margarita Perkova, Н. Иванькина, N. Ivan'kina, М. Аль-Савафи und M. Al'-Savafi. „TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, Nr. 5 (19.04.2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cd6df47bbe469.43798065.
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Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a strategy of urban planning that aims to maximize the efficient use of the territory near the transport hub and facilitate the transition to sustainable development of cities and regions. The research is aimed at studying the emergence and development of TOD as part of New Urbanism concept in the history of urban planning and the most important characteristics of TOD. The typology of transit-oriented development plays an important role in urban planning. Its application simplifies the management of infrastructure projects by applying standards in planning and development, as well as ensuring consistency in various areas. In addition, support for planners, administrative staff and developers is of great importance for development, depending on such characteristics as population density, mixing of functions, ways of movement of citizens, activities, etc. The introduction of typology makes it possible to identify the territory and its users with already existing design solutions or experience for more thorough spatial planning.
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Layard, Antonia. „Researching Urban Law“. German Law Journal 21, Nr. 7 (Oktober 2020): 1446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.85.
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AbstractThis Article considers the development of urban law. It suggests that urban law is socio-legal in its exploration of law’s role in the production of the city and urban life, enabling the study of the city as a distinctive legal entity. Addressing the question “why urban law?,” this Article considers similar debates in geography and urban policy before developing three arguments for studying urban law: (i) urbanism is a vibrant field of scholarly research; (ii) socio-legal research can take an explicitly normative focus in pursuit of improving urban quality; and (iii) at a city scale we can investigate governance concepts of territory, sovereignty and jurisdiction. One of the difficulties with urban law is finding the right level of analysis, covering sufficient legal and empirical detail whilst also making the city legible at an urban scale. Although this tension produces imperfect compromises, accepting the limitations means that we can begin the shared task of developing an intellectual infrastructure, a grammar, for the study of urban law.
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Loktionova, O. „ON THE QUESTION OF DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF ‘ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE CITY’“. Municipal economy of cities 6, Nr. 180 (04.12.2023): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-6-180-61-66.
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The article highlights the problem of the absence of a holistic concept that could fully characterise the city. The idea of studying the city as a whole organism is not new. However, urban theories usually reveal one or several aspects, and the rest remain neglected. We used the historical-genetic and systematic methods of research and considered a few city-planning and urbanistic theories in development, showing which aspects of city life they illuminate and which remain undefined. So, we analysed the chronology of stages of the development of urban planning and drew a parallel with the sequence of the emergence of architecture, urban-planning, and urban theories. Theories demonstrating the evolution of theoretical thought from the twentieth century to the present are considered to determine the problems. Therefore, the research begins with the emergence of the concept of ‘garden city’ by E. Howard, includes the study of the formation of the concepts of districts and neighbourhoods, then the change in the concept of urban planning to urbanism, the invention of the concept of the urban environment by Glazychev, and ends with modern research on this issue. The analysis of the existing theories showed that all the proposed ones do not have a comprehensive overview and study one or several aspects without taking into account others. We identified seven core aspects of the architectural landscape of the city: geological-geographical, historical-cultural, semantic, functional, scenario, phenomenological, and social. The concept of architectural landscape combines all the listed above aspects of the study of the city. We are considering that the combination of the main aspects will avoid incompleteness and fragmentation of its understanding and will allow us to see and develop a comprehension of the life of the urban organism. Therefore, this article proposes to introduce a new concept of the architectural landscape of the city that, by forming a holistic view, would help to fill in the blank spots in modern urban theory. Keywords: theory of architecture, urbanism, theory of urban planning, architectural landscape, urban environment.
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Bellet Sanfeliu, Carme. „The Evolution of Urban Planning in Medium-Sized Catalan Cities (1979–2019)“. Urban Science 5, Nr. 2 (13.04.2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5020036.
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Urban planning, as well as the type of city in which it takes place and is promoted, has changed a lot in Spanish cities since the return to democratically elected municipal governments in 1979. This work seeks to characterise the transformation that urban planning has undergone over the last 40 years. It sets out to do this by studying the cases of two medium-sized Catalan cities, their underlying city models, and the ways in which planning has been defined and managed in Catalonia. All of this was undertaken through a bibliographic and documentary analysis of the approved planning documents, which was accompanied by a study of the population dynamics and building cycles. In Spain, urban planning has been one of the instruments used to catalyse expectations for economic growth based on land consumption through urbanisation. Within this context, planning has progressed from fulfilling an initial requirement to regulate activities and urban growth (1979–1991) to facilitating urban development through a clearly expansive and speculative form of neoliberal urbanism (1993–2007) and, finally, to assuming a form in which these previous tendencies coexist with certain new orientations.
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Tolstykh, Tatyana, Leyla Gamidullaeva, Nadezhda Shmeleva, Sergey Gromov und Alexander Ermolenko. „Megapolis as a Symbiosis of Socio-Economic Ecosystems: The Role of Collaboration“. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, Nr. 3 (19.07.2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030126.
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In recent years, smart and ecological urbanism and transformations into the new models of city making have become a global mainstream. These are models of the smart city, the eco-city, and the eco-megacity. The article proposes a conceptual approach to the formation of the eco-megacity as a qualitatively new phenomenon in the post-industrial economy. The prerequisites for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity have been analyzed. The key characteristics of the new phenomenon have been revealed. The role of collaboration as the main factor in increasing the efficiency of interaction processes between ecosystem actors and between ecosystems themselves has been presented. The relationship of the formed ecosystem approaches and the groups of actors during implementation of an institutional project in the megapolis have been determined. It allows for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity. The ant colony optimization algorithm for studying the symbiosis of socio-economic ecosystems in the megapolis has been proposed. The authors have attempted to contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological aspects of the emerging eco-megacity concept as a new phenomenon of the modern economy.
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Chan, Woei Leong, Yongdong Cui, Siddharth Sunil Jadhav, Boo Cheong Khoo, Heow Pueh Lee, Chi Wan Calvin Lim, Like Gobeawan et al. „Experimental study of wind load on tree using scaled fractal tree model“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, Nr. 14n16 (10.04.2020): 2040087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220400871.
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Green urbanism has stimulated more research on the aerodynamics of tree in recent years. The insight gained in studying wind load on trees would mitigate risk of tree falling and enable sustainable landscape planning. However, deciphering the effect of wind on trees is a daunting task because trees come in various species, shapes and sizes. In this study, we aim at conducting wind tunnel tests on various species of trees, including measuring the respective drag coefficient and turbulent flow field using a force balance and particle image velocimetry system. The wind tunnel experiment is conducted using scaled down fractal tree model at 10 and 15 m/s. The 3D-printed tree model is grown based on the data collected on the species-specific tree parameters, such as the height, trunk diameters, crown box dimensions, etc. In this paper, the wind tunnel result of Yellow Flame (Peltophorum pterocarpum) is presented. Results show that the drag coefficient for this inflexible tree model is not sensitive to wind speed. The Reynolds shear stress and turbulence kinetic energy are observed to be the largest at the top and bottom of the crown where the velocity gradients are the highest.
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Kaur, Kiran Jyoti, und A. K. Sinha. „Trend of Migration Studies in Sociocultural Anthropology: A Critical Analysis“. Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 70, Nr. 2 (30.09.2021): 240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277436x211044055.
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Migration studies have always found their unique place in anthropology since the birth of anthropology in India under colonial rule. From the formative phase, anthropology of migration has grown multifold. In the present time when the Indian diaspora is the largest in the whole world, the process of migration has affected the lives of all individuals and has become an important area of research. The present article examines the growth of this field in sociocultural anthropology in India and is based on secondary data. Work of renowned Indian anthropologists like M. N. Srinivas, Moni Nag, L. P. Vidyarthi, Amitav Ghosh and others like R. K. Jain, Ashish Bose, etc. on migration has been discussed in the present article. Migration studies in India have found and sustained a key place in the anthropology curriculum report since the first time of its release by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. Migration studies have grown from studying mobility among the tribals to the movement of people from rural to urban areas and then to international migration. New areas like displacement and refugee movements, literature and art, diaspora studies, urbanism, labour migration and many more are emerging as important topics in the landscape of migration studies.
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Petin, Dmitry I., und Maksim M. Stelmak. „Anti-Bolshevik Omsk in 1919: A Source Study Analysis of the French Intervention Newsreels“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 1 (2018): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-1-48-64.
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After the opening in 2012 basis of a Center for Studying History of the Civil War at the premises of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, a newsreel, shot in April–May 1919 by French military journalists became well-known to scientific and cultural community. And yet despite great popularity of this unique and ‘live’ historical source among filmmakers and journalists, it remains unstudied by researchers. The article aims to fill the lacuna in order to introduce the French newsreel of the anti–Bolshevik Omsk into scientific use. For this purpose, the authors have carried out an attribution and a historical analysis of the film document. The study incorporates scientific publications and an array of historical sources (including photo documents), which the authors have found in the fonds of archives and libraries. The resulting study follows the footage and identifies buildings and places on the film. It also provides a detailed description of what the buildings housed in 1919, when Admiral Kolchak was in power, and what they house now. It points out the well-known personalities of anti-Bolshevik Omsk (A.V. Kolchak, M. Zhanen, A.I. Dutov). Attribution of the French newsreels depicting Omsk in 1919 allows to reconstruct daily life of a provincial town, which had been for a time the capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The chronicle features official aspect of White Omsk, but also some particulars of town life and Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago, which are of great value for historians. It is noteworthy that visual sources on the Civil War are little used by researchers. The fact enhances the significance of the publication, which may be of interest to military historians studying the Civil War and foreign military intervention, scholars in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.
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Kapinos, E. V., und I. E. Loshchilov. „Knut Hamsun in Siberia“. Critique and Semiotics 38, Nr. 2 (2020): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-315-336.
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The article is devoted to various forms of Hamsun’s influence on Siberian writers of the 1910–1930s. On the pages of Siberian periodicals, the Norwegian writer was often mentioned in theatrical chronicle, in the lists of European book novelties, in poetic texts, but he influenced most clearly the general northern flavour of the Siberian prose. Fifteen stories and short novellas of famous Siberian writers (Georgy Grebenshchikov, Isaak Goldberg, Anton Sorokin, Georgy Vyatkin) and almost forgotten writers (Stepan Isakov, Arseny Zhilyakov, Maximilian Kravkov) form the “Siberian Hamsuniana”, the distinctive features of which are “anti-urbanism”, “ethnography”, folklorism, northern landscapes and scenes of folk life. When studying the texts that became the subject of description in this article, the materials from an archive of the Siberian literature historian and critic N. N. Yanovsky were used, who collected and printed a book of short stories by S. Isakov and A. Zhilyakov in the mid-1980s with an introductory article, which sets out biographies of forgotten writers. In the introductory article to this book, it is mentioned that literary comrades called Stepan Isakov half-jokingly to be the “Siberian Hamsun”. When analyzing the Siberian prose on Hamsun themes, special attention was paid to the stylization elements of northern mythology, shamanistic predictions, various legends, which creates an image of Siberia similar to the image of northern Europe by Hamsun.
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Bluestone, Daniel. „Chicago's Mecca Flat Blues“. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 57, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991458.
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This essay explores the Mecca, one of Chicago's largest nineteenth-century apartment houses. Designed in 1891, the Mecca's innovative plan incorporated an exterior landscaped courtyard and two monumental interior atria. The form and meaning of these spaces diverged in important respects. The exterior courtyards appropriated aspects of the single-family residential form and domestic ideology. The interior atria relied on Chicago skyscraper models and their cosmopolitan approach to the possibilities of density. Exterior courtyards later proliferated, while atria appeared in only two other local residential buildings. Nevertheless, the Mecca's atria possessed a sense of place that deeply etched the building into Chicago's cultural and political landscape. The building became the subject of 1920s blues improvisation-the "Mecca Flat Blues." In the 1940s and 1950s tenants waged a decadelong Mecca preservation campaign. Housing rather than Chicago School aesthetics provided the preservationists with their point of departure. Race interesected with space and Mies van der Rohe's vision of modern urbanism to seal the Mecca's fate. The essay's methodology develops the social and cultural meaning of form. Moreover, it demonstrates the importance of pushing architectural history beyond the nexus of meaning created by original patrons and designers. We stand to learn a great deal about architectural and urban history by studying how people have defined and redefined, valued and devalued, their buildings, cities, and landscapes.
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Bhurtel, Anup. „Voyage from the Himalayas to the Highlands: Reflections in Technical Education“. Journal of Training and Development 3 (27.09.2017): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v3i0.18231.
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This paper reflects on my journey from the Nepal to the United Kingdom UK) as a student initially and then as a National Health Service (NHS) Grampian’s employee. The purpose of developing this paper was to draw insights on the factors that pulled me as an urban youth for studying andliving in the UK and to present the significance of skills-based technical education for the changing job market. I used analytic autoethnography to carry out this research, where I presented past epiphanies and consecutively interpreted the strong memories of those lived experiences and observations to broaden my theoretical understandings. I argued based on my lived experiences that the scope of the market based technical education is globally prevalent. For this, I have sequentially presented my stories of self-realizations and skills acquisition in the developed country such as the UK from the theoretical ideas of ethnoscapes, new and intelligent urbanism, and credentialism. Moreover, I have illuminated the relevance and significance of market based technicaleducation courses for competing not only in Nepal but also in the global job market of the UK through self-reflection. Findings in this paper suggest the need for the international students to be pre-equipped with market based skills and to opt for market oriented subjects preferably from the field of technical education.
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Todorescu, Liliana-Luminița, Gabriel-Mugurel Dragomir und Anca Greculescu. „"ADAPTATION PROBLEMS OF ROMANIAN STUDENTS TO TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION"“. Professional Communication and Translation Studies 14 (13.01.2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/vsnd4723.
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The current study underlines the main problems students deal with in the first academic year at University POLITEHNICA of Timişoara (UPT) while adjusting to the higher education environment. The adaptation challenges were investigated through 14 panel discussions. The topic assigned was “Students’ adaptation problems in Romanian higher education”. The target group included students in their first academic year, studying at the Faculty of Computer Science (CS), Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering (EE&PE); Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ETIT); Industrial Chemistry and Environment Engineering (ICEE); Mechanics (ME); Production Management and Transport (PMT); Architecture and Urbanism (AU), also doing the Psychological and Pedagogical Training Program. Each panel discussion was made up of 20 students, all 14 panel discussions summing up 280 students, out of which 158 female and 122 male students. The outcomes of the research show that students face different adaptation challenges that may result in a poor insertion into the academic system and education dropout. The adaptation problems identified by the students were diverse: accommodation and food; financial problems; school timetables and calendars (seminars, courses, laboratories and other instructional activities); teacher-student relationship; the teaching-learning-evaluation process, location of study; education for students with special needs and disabilities; administration and secretariats. The present study analyses these queries in order to facilitate the smooth insertion of students into the academic environment and increase student retention.
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Rolnik, Raquel. „Impacto da aplicação de novos instrumentos urbanísticos em cidades do estado de São Paulo“. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, Nr. 2 (31.03.2000): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2000n2p73.
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Este trabalho refere-se aos resultados da pesquisa Impacto da aplicação de novos instrumentos urbanísticos em cidades do Estado de São Paulo. Coloca-se a pergunta: passados dez anos da promulgação da Constituição — que inclui em seu texto uma série de novos instrumentos urbanísticos comprometidos com a idéia de ampliação do acesso à terra e moradia por parte do setor popular —, o que ocorreu nos municípios brasileiros com mais de 20.000 habitantes em relação a Planos Diretores e instrumentos urbanísticos previstos por lei? Qual é o perfil e a forma de elaboração desses planos? Os novos instrumentos, se adotados, possibilitam novas formas de administrar os conflitos urbanos? A pesquisa levanta a situação da legislação nos municípios, por meio de um questionário. Elabora o conceito de exclusão territorial, significando que parcela da população vive em condições de precariedade no que diz respeito à infra-estrutura urbana e às condições de habitabilidade do local de moradia. Em um segundo momento, realizaram-se estudos de caso em três municípios — Guarujá, Diadema e Jaboticabal —, aprofundando-se o estudo das relações entre os diferentes modelos econômicos e os processos de regulação urbanística.Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; regulação urbanística; reforma urbana; urbanismo. Abstract: This paper refers to the results of the research project Effects of the Implementation of New Land Use Controls in the Cities of São Paulo State. It raises the following question: ten years after the introduction of the new Constitution — whose text includes new urban land use controls aimed at increasing land and housing for the poor — what has happened in cities of over 20.000 inhabitants concerning Master Plans and land use regulation procedures? What is the form and quality of the process which has led to these plans? Do the new controls, where in use, allow new ways of managing urban conflicts? The research looks into the current legislation situation in these cities through a series of questions. The concept of territorial exclusion is defined, meaning how much of the local population lives in precarious conditions regarding urban infra-structure and housing conditions. In the second part, three case studies were conducted — in the cities of Guarujá, Diadema and Jaboticabal — studying more thoroughly the relations between different local economic models, land regulation processes and territorial exclusion. Keywords: urban planning; urban planning regulations; urban reform; urbanism.
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Erensü, Sinan, Barış İne und Yaşar Adnan Adanalı. „From the Occupied Parks to the Gardens of the Nation“. Social Text 40, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-9495146.
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Abstract Ever since the Gezi Park protests in Istanbul in the summer 2013, defending and reclaiming the city parks, market gardens, public squares, and urban forests has become a mainstream act of defiance and a symbolic rejection of an intensifying authoritarianism, neoliberal urbanism, and exclusionary planning practices. Growing interest in the mobilizing capacity of the emerging urban-environmental imaginary, however, has not remained exclusive to the opposition. Rather than dismissing the critique entirely, the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) has most recently embraced the politics of urban greenery and strived to mold it in its own image. This article focuses on the contentious politics of urban greenery in Istanbul and examines how the city's green public spaces have come to proxy a larger struggle over the future of Turkey. By discussing the possibilities, challenges, and limits of the politics of urban greenery, this article examines how the government has attempted to absorb an emerging urban-environmental objection into its fold. To do so, the article traces the genealogy of Istanbul's park politics in the last decade and most specifically focuses on the latest iteration of the urban greenery frenzy: the Gardens of the Nation. By studying how this nationwide urban greenery drive has been designed, promoted, discussed, inaugurated, and used, this article provides an account for the critical role green aesthetics play in conjuring up alternative environmental imaginaries and communities against the backdrop of a populist authoritarian climate.
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Gibert, Marie. „Rethinking metropolitan production from its underside: A view from the alleyways of Hồ Chí Minh City“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, Nr. 3 (09.01.2018): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17751230.
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The ubiquity, peculiar historical growth and specific spatiality of alleyway neighbourhoods make them one of Hồ Chí Minh City’s most defining features. At a time of great pressure to “modernise” the metropolis, efforts are being made to upgrade the alleyways by systematically widening them and regulating the uses to which they are put. Studying this urban renewal project provides a better appreciation of the metropolisation process in the Global South from its “underside”; that is to say, from its most “ordinary” components. By addressing the question of which Hồ Chí Minh City alleyways have been upgraded, which have not, and why, this article makes clear that metropolisation is a highly situated process. Most importantly, it addresses the different forces – global and local, morphological and social, economic and political – that shape contemporary urban renewal in Vietnam today. To this end, urban spaces are conceptualised as “fields of forces”, embodying the contradictory global and local forces at work in the process of metropolisation. I identify the ways in which these forces are combined in each neighbourhood, leading to different outcomes. The article draws on the findings of an extensive ethnographic study conducted over five years (2010–2014) in six alleyway neighbourhoods in pericentral districts of Hồ Chí Minh City chosen for their diversity. Such a comparative analysis allows us to go beyond the simplistic vision of metropolisation as a standardising process, instead emphasising the reality of hybrid urbanism.
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Solovyova, Valeriya A., Ivan A. Tcverianashvili und Denis V. Shutman. „Establishment and development history of “green” urban planning idea in Denmark in the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 6 (2023): 1599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2023-28-6-1599-1608.
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Importance. The historical preconditions for the formation of modern urban construction policy in Denmark, current trends and features of Danish urbanism, current legislative acts regulating the issues of urban planning are considered. Within the framework of historical preconditions analysis attention is paid to the architectural and urban construction ideas of the 20th century, which made the greatest contribution to the establishment and development of the Danish tradition of urban environment planning. Attention is paid to the activities of English sociologist Ebenezer Howard and Danish architect Peter Bredsdorff, whose ideas are reflected in modern urban planning documents. The main organizations that at the present stage promote the ideas of ecological and conscious urban construction both among the citizens of Denmark and among commercial companies operating in the country are considered. The purpose of the research is to identify the Danish urban construction tradition rather than general patterns and trends characteristic, for example, for the countries of Northern Europe. The research highlights the value of studying Danish urban construction policy as an effective method for identifying the most constructive solutions to both local (individual settlements) and global (within the borders of a country or region) environmental problems. Materials and Methods. In the process of research the principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as general and special methods of historical cognition are used. On the basis of data theoretical analysis an objective assessment of Danish urban construction tradition development in the period from the second half of 20th to the beginning of 21st century is given. Results and Discussion. The main events in urban construction, social and legislative spheres that influenced the establishment of modern ideas of urban planning are analyzed. The historical analysis of the main urban construction and urbanistic decisions that contributed to the formation of the Danish legislative framework in the field of urban construction is given. The analysis of activity of significant organizations responsible for urban environment sustainable and “green” planning ideas promotion is carried out. Conclusion. The ideas of sustainable planning in the 21st century fully take into account and realize the needs and tendencies of both social and ecological spheres, defined in the middle of the 20th century. It is concluded that in the system of urban construction the tendency to sustainable use of urban areas and promotion of the ideas of ecological urbanism among the population will continue to be observed. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the identification of significant legislative and social decisions and historical events that influencing the symbiosis of the natural environment and modern urban needs of Danish cities for more than half a century.
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Shugrina, E. S. „Increasing the prestige of local self-government bodies and the effectiveness of activities should begin in the process of studying at the university“. Law Enforcement Review 5, Nr. 4 (05.01.2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(4).78-88.
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The subject of the research are the materials of judicial practice (texts of court decisions and information sources, the content of information about the results of court hearings), data from sociological surveys.The purpose of the article is to identify the relationship between the knowledge of municipal law, local self-government or urbanism obtained during training at a university and subsequent professional activities related to local self-government carried out at different levels of public authority.The methodology. A comprehensive methodology was used, including legal and sociological research methods. Formal legal, legal technical and comparative legal were used among the legal methods. The sociological methods include the method of expert survey and the method of content analysis, which makes it possible to reveal the real position of the respondent, if he wants to disguise it not only the positions expressed, but also the words actually used were analyzed. The most repeatable ones were identified with the help of special software products.The main results, scope of application. Quite significant amendments were made to the Russian Constitution in 2020. One of the novels concerns a unified system of public power, the inclusion of a new term in the text of the constitution. The implementation of these novels in the legislation on local self-government is expected after the completion of the formation of the updated composition of the Federal Assembly. For this, it is necessary not only to reveal the term itself and list the levels of public authority, but also to establish new principles of their relationship, incl. in a sense, uniform standards, rules and requirements for state and local authorities. One of the possible consequences of this may be an increase in the prestige of work in local self-government bodies, a change in attitudes towards work in local self-government bodies.Conclusions. The analysis of the materials of law enforcement practice, the data of opinion polls on trust in local self-government bodies, attitude to the results of the work of local self-government bodies and their officials show that of all levels of government the municipal level is least trusted. Unfortunately, such an attitude begins to form in the process of training future employees of public authorities at different levels.
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Stelmak, Maksim M., und Dmitry I. Petin. „Everyday Life of White–Guard Omsk in the Lens of American Camera (1919): Revisiting Attribution of a Little–Known Source“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 2 (2019): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-357-374.
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In 2000s there appeared in the Internet video materials on the Civil War in Russia made by military journalists of the Allied Intervention. Most noteworthy of these is a newsreel made by the American military mission in January–February 1919. Of particular interest is it part shot in Omsk. Although it is of great informative value, the researchers have overlooked this historical newsreel; its analysis and scientific attribution have not been made. The authors have rectified this by conducting a study involving various historical sources, scientific literature and memoirs. The study has resulted in the description of buildings and places on the film in accordance with its video sequence. It also provides a detailed explanation on agencies housed in the buildings in 1919, when Admiral A. V. Kolchak’s government was in power, and on their current holders. Attribution of the American newsreel, which captured Omsk in 1919, allows to reconstruct daily life of this provincial city and once-upon-a-time capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The analysis highlights subjects that were of most interest to the American allies. The reel shows different sides of everyday life in White Omsk, of the Supreme ruler and of the refugees. At the same time, it provides some specific, yet important to historians, details of Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago. Visual sources are rarely used by researchers of the Civil War. Thus, the publication is of immediate interest to military historians studying the Civil War and Allied Intervention, as well as experts in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.
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Medjadj, Tarek, M'hammed Setti und Lahcene Feloussia. „Spacing hinterland water for Algiers city (Algeria)“. Tecnología y ciencias del agua 15, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 325–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-15-01-08.
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Of all the kinds of relationship, the one that links man with water is considered as profound and serious in geographical surveys. Yet in the past, the greatest threat to agriculture was a major problem, the attention of people is now captured by water in cities. The increasing need of water in Algiers is due to the growth of population and urbanism. On the other hand, there is a rise in water needs per capita. This problem didn't arise during the last decades, but today the situation is no longer the same. It's a considerable challenge for the capital Algiers, especially for the next generations. Using a geo-history method, which consists in studying the evolution of hinterland water space in time, we will direct our research towards the exposure of the influences exerted by the increase of water needs in the zone of study. The finality of the work is to identify the water resources around the Algiers City and that arises from the spacing of evolution hinterland water. We will obtain valuable information about the extension, the distance of the hinterland water supplier from the city of Algiers. The expected result of this work is to determine the hinterland which can be counted on to supply the city of Algiers with drinking water in the medium and long term. Finally, we can think of hydraulic planning and development based on the principles of sustainable development. This with the aim of proposing solutions to current problems and ensuring the needs of future generations.
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Bobrova, E., und S. Malysheva. „SOCIO-SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN PRE-DESIGN URBAN PLANNING RESEARCH IN COURSE DESIGN“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 9, Nr. 4 (20.02.2024): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-4-58-66.
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The formation of modern residential structures and the design of new residential areas must take into account the latest results of sociological research; it is necessary to solve current issues of organizing social processes in the existing and designed residential environment. The developed directions and latest publications on the subject of social research in urban planning and the possibilities of their implementation in the training of students of architects and urban planners are considered. The methodology of socio-spatial research within the framework of the cognitive approach to urbanism has been studied in more detail. The possible development of the methodology is analyzed on the main aspects of sociocultural changes in society and their impact on urban planning. The need for students to master various methods of socio-spatial analysis, to obtain skills in assessing the socio-spatial structure of established residential areas and urban planning solutions is substantiated. The main directions of studying methods of socio-spatial analysis by urban planning students are considered. An example of a socio-spatial analysis of a residential area in the city of Syktyvkar, carried out as part of the course “Pre-design urban planning research”, is presented. A socio-spatial analysis of the residential area under consideration helped to identify the problems of this territory and identify possible ways to solve them. Examples are given of the possible use of socio-spatial analysis in course design, in final qualifying works of bachelors and masters. The main directions for applying the methodology of socio-spatial research in teaching urban planning students are proposed.
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Kasioumi, Eirini, Anna Plyushteva, Talya Zemach-Bersin, Kathleen F. Oswald, Molly Sauter, Alexandra Ganser, Mustafa Ahmed Khan, Natasha Raheja, Harry Oosterhuis und Benjamin Fraser. „Book Reviews“. Transfers 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2018.080113.
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Max Hirsh, Airport Urbanism: Infrastructure and Mobility in Asia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016), 216 pp., 80 black-and-white illustrations, 20 color plates, $25 (paperback), $87.50 (hardback)Laura Bang Lindegaard, Congestion: Rationalising Automobility in the Face of Climate Change (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2015), 214 pp., $54.95 (hardback)Neriko Musha Doerr and Hannah Davis Taïeb, eds., The Romance of Crossing Borders: Studying and Volunteering Abroad (New York: Berghahn Books, 2017), 302 pp., $90 (hardback)Ehren Helmut Pflugfelder, Communicating Mobility and Technology: A Material Rhetoric for Persuasive Transportation (London: Routledge, 2017), 178 pp., 19 illustrations, $149.95 (hardback), $54.95 (ebook)Christo Sims, Disruptive Fixation: School Reform and the Pitfalls of Techno- Idealism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017), 232 pp., $27.95 (paperback), $80 (hardback)Charlotte Mathieson, ed., Sea Narratives: Cultural Responses to the Sea, 1600– Present (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 281 pp., 5 illustrations, €93.59 (hardback), €74.96 (ebook)Till Mostowlansky, Azan on the Moon: Entangling Modernity along Tajikistan’s Pamir Highway (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017), 240 pp., 25 black-and-white illustrations, $26.95 (paperback)Steff en Köhn, Mediating Mobility: Visual Anthropology in the Age of Migration (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016), 208 pp., $30 (paperback)Margaret Guroff, The Mechanical Horse: How the Bicycle Reshaped American Life (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016), 295 pp., 10 black-and-white photographs, 5 black-and-white illustrations, $17.95 (paperback)Melody L. Hoffmann, Bike Lanes Are White Lanes: Bicycle Advocacy and Urban Planning (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016), 210 pp., $40 (paperback)Alexander Braun, ed., Winsor McCay: The Airship Adventures of Little Nemo (Cologne: Taschen, 2017), 288 pp., $15 (hardback)
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Wang, Siyu, Qingtan Deng, Shuai Jin und Guangbin Wang. „Re-Examining Urban Vitality through Jane Jacobs’ Criteria Using GIS-sDNA: The Case of Qingdao, China“. Buildings 12, Nr. 10 (01.10.2022): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101586.
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This study focuses on the assessment of historic city vitality to address increasingly fragmented urban patterns and to prevent the decline of livability in older urban areas. In 1961, Jane Jacobs theorized urban vitality and found the main conditions that were required for the promotion of life in cities: diversity of land use, small block sizes, diversity of buildings with varied characteristics and ages, density of people and buildings, accessibility for all people without depending on private transport, and distance to border elements. Jacobs’ criteria for urban vitality has had an indisputable influence on urban researchers and planners especially in the Anglo-American context. This perspective has influenced the development of New Urbanism and similar planning policies, such as neo-traditional communities and transit oriented development, yet her theories have to be more substantiated in Asia’s developing cities, especially in China’s historic cities. In order to verify the significance of Jacobs’ urban vitality theory in Chinese historic cities, we develop a composite measure of 16 variables of built environment, and we test it using GIS-sDNA in a historic city with an aging population and low-income in Qingdao. A systematic approach to urban spatial analysis allows us to provide a detailed spatial interpretation of a historic city form. The results emphasize that historic cities vitality, far from being homogeneous, followed a multi-centered distribution pattern, which is related to the previous European planning of the region, where a grid-type pattern was more likely to disperse urban vitality. The results can serve as a useful framework for studying the livability and vitality of different areas of the city in different geographical contexts.