Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Studený drát“

This article presents the results of a study which focused on the application of combined Hypnomusictherapy (HMT)/Depth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT) and silence in preventing music performance anxiety (MPA) in music students. Participants (n=12) were divided into two groups. Each group received either 16 minutes of HMT/DRMT followed by 6:30 minutes of silence or a 16-minute seminar consisting of a moderated group discussion on silence followed by 6:30 minutes of silence. Each of the two groups experienced the alternative condition (within-subject design) with one week in between. Focus groups were held for data gathering after each session. Qualitative content analysis according to Mayring [1,2] was applied to analyze the data. Silence following DRMT/HMT was perceived as more relaxing and longer lasting than silence following the seminar. Participants reported that their distracting or depressing thoughts decreased and their auditive perception of silence changed during the combined silence and DRMT/HMT. The results indicate that the procedure can help prevent MPA.

Abstract The purposes of the study are to Dnd out the amount of lan- guage produced by the teacher (Teacher Talking Time) and by the students (Student Talking Time) and to identify the characteristics of the classroom interaction in the Senior High School English classes. The study involved the second year students and the English teachers of SMA N I Cepu and SMA N II Cepu as the object of the study. Observation method is utilized in the study to collect the data. The study is supported by one thousand four hundreds and forty data which are categorized into the ten categories of Flanders (FIAC). In details, the Drst result of the analysis shows that 70.5 % of the classroom available time was taken by the teacher and the stu- dents only took 21.6 % of the available time during the interaction in SMA N I Cepu. Meanwhile, during the interaction in SMA N II Cepu the teacher took 69.6 % of the classroom available time while the students only took 22.2 % of the available time. The second result shows that the dominant characteristic of the classroom interaction in SMA N I Cepu was Teacher Talking Time while the dominant characteristic in SMA N II Cepu was Con- tent Cross. Keywords : Classroom Interaction, Flanders Interaction Analyze Categories (FIAC), Teacher Talking Time, Student Talking Time, The Characteristics of Classroom Interaction

Abstract Several professional organizations have called for increased preparation of health professionals capable of working with older adults, including those with cognitive impairment. Standardized patients (SP) are often used in interprofessional education (IPE) in the health professions, but limited data exists to support their use when teaching about the care and management of older adults with cognitive impairment. The purposes of this project were to: 1) develop, implement, and assess an interprofessional standardized patient exercise involving physical and occupational therapy students and 2) to evaluate students’ perceptions of a SP encounter on relevance and utility to patients with cognitive impairment. 88 students representing physical therapy (DPT) and occupational therapy (DrOT) were assigned to interprofessional teams to evaluate an SP portraying an older adult with cognitive impairment. At the conclusion of the session the SP provided the group formative feedback. Student teams then completed an assignment to develop a collaborative intervention plan and addressed questions about roles and responsibilities and communication/teamwork. Pre-/post- surveys focusing on the knowledge of roles and responsibilities, communication, and teamwork were completed by all students. Students also completed an evaluation about the SP experience. Results demonstrated student agreement to understanding the role of the other’s profession improved 28.67%; being comfortable communicating with the geriatric population improved 27.31%; and working in interprofessional teams can improve geriatric patient care improved 32.11%. These findings demonstrate that use of SPs has several advantages in teaching students how to work and communicate with individuals with cognitive impairments as an interprofessional team.

This study aims to develop elementary V class multimedia based on humanistic theory on integer competencies that is valid, practical, and effective. The development model is a 4D (define, design, development, disseminate) model. In the define stage there are interviews and observations to study the curriculum and the needs of teachers and students. In the design stage, draft I multimedia was designed using Adobe Flash Player. In the development stage, draft I is valid based on questionnaires from media and material expert validators. Furthermore, the results of field notes and student and teacher response questionnaires indicate that draft II is practical. Then drat III was tested by independent t-test which resulted that draft III is effective. Draft III developed into a final product which was then disseminated at the disseminate stage with the delivery of products to teachers, training of teachers, and publications in national journals.

Silence is often described as to be some kind of important and powerful phenomenon or acoustic appearance in music therapy and of course in other disciplines too. Therefore, it is pertinent to gain more knowledge about how people perceive silence, what effects it has on the individual’s levels of relaxation and human perception of self, time and space. Silence lasting 6:30 minutes preceded by two different conditions consisting of either a university seminar or a session of Depth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT) were the two arms of this study carried out at a university with students as subjects. The silence after the DRMT was judged more relaxing than the silence after the seminar. Participants also had a lower sense of space and time, as well as a reduced future perspective. They estimated the silence as having lasted longer in the condition following the DRMT session. These effects support further investigations concerning the idea that silence (combined with DRMT) may be of preventive (e.g. regarding stress-related diseases, depression, burnout and anxiety disorders), relaxing and health-promoting interest for clinical and non-clinical applications. Keywords: relaxation, music therapy, silence, time, hypnotherapySpanishCambios en el estado de conciencia durante un Período de Silencio , luego de una sesión de Depth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT – Relajación Profunda Musicoterapia)El silencio es descripto a menudo como un tipo de fenómeno importante y poderoso o como una aparición acústica en musicoterapia y por supuesto en otras disciplinas también. Por lo tanto, es pertinente contar con más conocimiento sobre cómo las personas perciben el silencio, qué efectos tiene en los niveles de relajación y en la percepción del self, del tiempo y del espacio del individuo. En este estudio, realizado con estudiantes universitarios como sujetos, se realiza un periodo de silencio de 6:30 minutos despues de dos condiciones diferentes: un seminario universitario o una sesión de Depth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT). El silencio despues de DRMT se percibió como más relajante que el silencio despues del seminario. Los participantes también tuvieron una menor sensación de espacio y tiempo , así como una perspectiva de futuro reducida. Los autores estimaron que el silencio había durado menos tiempo después de la sesión de DRMT. Estos efectos promueven investigaciones concernientes a que la idea de que el silencio (combinado con DRMT) puede ser preventivo (por ejemplo; enfermedades relacionadas al stress, depresión , burnout, y trastornos de ansiedad), ser relajante y promover el interés por la salud para aplicaciones clínicas y no clínicasPalabras claves: Relajación , musicoterapia, silencio , tiempo , hipnosis GermanVeränderungen im Bewusstseinszustand während einer Periode der Stille nach einer Sitzung tiefenentspannter Musiktherapie (DRMT)Eric PfeiferStille wird oft als eine Art wichtiges und kraftvolles Phänomen oder akustische Erscheinung in der Musiktherapie beschrieben, und natürlich auch in anderen Disziplinen. Deshalb ist es angemessen, mehr Wissen über Menschen zu erlangen, die Stille erfahren haben – was für Effekte dies auf den individuellen Level an Entspannung und menschliche Erfahrungen von Selbst, Zeit und Raum hat. Die 6,30 minütige Stille , die zwei verschiedenen Bedingungen, bestehend aus einem universitären Seminar oder einer Sitzung von tiefenentspannter Musiktherapie (DRMT) vorausging, bildeten die zwei Teile dieser Studie, die mit Studenten der Universität durchgeführt wurde. Die Stille nach der DRMT wurde als entspannender bewertet als die Stille nach dem Seminar. Die Teilnehmer hatten auch weniger Gefühl für Zeit und Raum, ebenso wie eine reduziertere Zukunftsperspektive. Sie erlebten die Stille in der Zeit die der DRMT folgte, als länger andauernd. Diese Effekte unterstützen zukünftige Untersuchungen die Idee betreffend, dass Stille (zusammen mit DRMT) präventive (z.B. für stress-bedingte Krankheiten, Depression, Burnout und Angststörungen), entspannende und gesundheitsfördernde Bedeutung für klinische und nicht-klinische Anwendungen haben könnte.Keywords: Entspannung, Musiktherapie, Stille, Zeit, Hypnotherapie ItalianVariazione dei Stati di Coscienza nel corso di un Periodo di Silenzio dopo una sessione di Depth Relaxation Music Terapy (DRMT) , (Musicoterapia e Rilassamento Profondo)Eric PfeiferIl silenzio è spesso descritto come un fenomeno molto importante e potente, o un aspetto acustico in musicoterapia e naturalmente anche in altre discipline. Perciò è il caso di acquisire maggiori informazioni su come le persone percepiscono il silenzio, quali effetti ha sui livelli individuali di relax e di percezione umana del tempo e dello spazio. Il silenzio di una durata di 6:30 minuti preceduto da due differenti condizioni consistenti in un seminario universitario o in una sessione di Depth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT) erano i due diversi modi di effettuare lo studio presso un universitá con gli studenti. Il silenzio dopo la DRMT è stato giudicato più rilassante rispetto al silenzio dopo il seminario. I partecipanti hanno anche avuto una bassa percezione dello spazio e del tempo, e anche una bassa percezione del futuro. Essi hanno quantificato che il silenzio fosse durato più a lungo dopo aver fatto la sessione di DRMT. Questi effetti supportano ulteriori indagini in materia circa l’idea che il silenzio (in combinazione con la DRMT) può essere di prevenzione (ad esempio per quanto riguarda disagi legati allo stress, depressione, esaurimenti e disturbi d’ansia), rilassante e salutare per applicazioni cliniche e non. Parole Chiave: relax, musicoterapia, silenzio, tempoChinese深度放鬆音樂治療(DRMT)後靜默時間內的意識狀態變化 靜默在音樂治療中常被描述為重要而有力的現象且具有聽覺上的存在感，在其他領域中也常被提及。因此，我們對於人們如何感知靜默需要更多的認識，究竟一個人的放鬆程度以及對自我、時間和空間的觀感如何影響了他對靜默的感知。本研究以大學生為對象，參與者在大學的研討會或深度放鬆音樂治療這兩種不同的情境之後保留為時六分三十秒的靜默時間。跟參加研討會之後的靜默感知相比，在深度放鬆音樂治療之後的靜默被認為感覺較為放鬆。參與者較少感受到空間與時間，也降低了未來感。參與者預期深度放鬆音樂治療之後的靜默時間是比較長的。這些影響可用來支持未來關於靜默的討論研究(與DRMT結合)，激發人們對於靜默的臨床與非臨床應用的興趣，並用於預防性治療(例如，壓力相關疾患、憂鬱、倦怠或焦慮疾患)，放鬆與促進健康 。JapaneseDepth Relaxation Music Therapy (DRMT)後のサイレンス期間における意識状態の変化Eric Pfeifer サイレンスは度々音楽療法においてある種の重要性、効果現象もしくは音響的輪郭があると描写され、それは他の専門分野においても同様である。それゆえ、人々がどのようにサイレンスを認識するのか、また、何がリラクゼーションの 個人レベル、そして、人間の自己、時間、空間への知覚に影響するのか、さらなる知識を増やすことは適切である。サイレンスは6分30秒の長さで、大学でのセミナー、もしくはDRMTのセッション後という2つの異なった状態で構成され、本研究は大学で学生を被験者として実地された。DRMT後のサイレンスはセミナーの後のサイレンスよりリラックスできると判断された。被験者は空間と時間の知覚が低く、将来への見通しも縮小した。これらの効果は、サイレンス （DRMTとの組み合わせ）は予防的（例：ストレス関連疾患、鬱、バーンアウト症候群、不安障害など）である可能性があること、臨床と非臨床のためのリラクゼーションと健康促進の適用のための重要性があることの考察について、将来の調査を支援する。 Keywords: relaxation, music therapy, silence, time, hypnotherapyキーワード：リラクゼーション、音楽療法、サイレンス、時間、催眠療法 KoreanDepth Relaxation 심층 이완 음악 치료(DRMT) 세션 이후 침묵하는 동안 의식 상태에 생긴 변화Eric Pfeifer침묵은 다른 분야는 물론 음악 치료에서 중요하고 강력한 현상 또는 음향적 식별로 종종 설명이 되곤 한다. 따라서 어떻게 사람들이 침묵을 인식하는 지, 침묵이 개인의 이완 수준과, 자아, 시간, 공간에 대한 인간의 인식에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는 지에 대해 좀 더 많은 지식을 얻는 것이 적합하다. 대학 세미나나 Depth Relaxation Music Therapy(DRMT) 세션으로 구성된 두 가지의 다른 조건을 실시한 후 6시간 30분 동안 지속된 침묵이, 한 대학교에서 학생들을 대상으로 실시한 본 연구의 두 가지 부분이다. DRMT 후 침묵은 세미나 후 침묵보다 더 이완을 시켜주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 참가자들은 미래에 대한 관점이 줄어들었을 뿐만 아니라 더 낮은 시간과 공간 인식을 가지고 있었다. 그들은 DRMT 세션 종료 상황에서 침묵이 더 오래 지속되었다고 평가했다. 이런 효과는 침묵(DRMT와 접목시킨)이 임상학적으로나 비임상학적으로 예방해주고(예, 스트레스 관련 질병, 우울증, 불안 장애, 극도의 피로) 이완시켜주고, 건강을 증진시키는 효과가 있을 수 있다는 생각과 관련된 추후 조사들을 뒷받침해준다.키워드: 이완, 음악 치료, 침묵, 시간, 최면요법

Background: Human beings receive various types of stimuli in day to day life and respond to them accordingly. The time taken to receive a stimulus, it's processing and giving a response is different for every individual at minute level, in milliseconds. This time interval is called reaction time. Various yogic practices are found to influence the Reaction Time of individuals. Aim of the work was to evaluate the immediate effect of deep relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction time.Methods: Auditory and visual reaction times have been measured using simple reaction time tasks in Inquisit software (version 4.0.10.0). 115 healthy yoga students from SVYASA Yoga university, between the age group of 20 to 50 years were taken for the study. Pre and post measurements of auditory reaction time and visual reaction time was done.10 minutes of pre-recorded DRT was given as intervention and immediately after that reaction times were measured.Results: There was a significant decline in the ART and VRT observed in the Post DRT condition. Statistical analysis was carried out using JASP software.Conclusions: The significant decrease in Auditory and Visual Reaction Time shows that DRT helps to increase the awareness and attention of individuals.

This article provides psychometric analysis of the performance of nursing students on categories of client needs (CN) and nursing process (NP) measured by the NLN Diagnostic Readiness Test (NLN-DRT) for RN licensure. While analyses of items and number-right score performance with NLN tests are well documented, the analysis of proficiency on categories that organize items at the conceptual level is limited to reporting basic classical statistics (e.g., proportion of correct scores and percentiles). The psychometric analysis of proficiency on categories of CN and NP in this article is based on item response theory and takes into account that the binary scores on these 2 categories (1 = mastered, 0 = nonmastered) are obtained through summative standardized scoring and not through direct responses of examinees. NLN-DRT data for a local population of 646 students enrolled in an NLN accredited associate degree program was obtained 3 weeks prior to graduation. This article illustrates the application of IRT using the Rasch Model and the 2-parameter logistic model in a method of psychometric analysis that deals with proficiency on conceptual categories and provides measurement feedback to nursing educators for curriculum (or instruction) intervention in a specific educational context. Among the components of such feedback provided in this article are: (a) difficulty, discrimination, and characteristic curves of CN and NP categories, (b) performance patterns by level of success on each category, and (c) domain scores by ability levels for the population of nursing students. The Rasch Model, which was calculated using RASCAL, did not fit the data with the categories of CN or NP at the .05 level of statistical significance. However, the 2-parameter logistic model fit the data with both CN and NP categories while using the XCALIBRE computer program. The IRT approach used in this article demonstrated some measurement perspectives on linking an instrument’s conceptual base to theory in the context of nursing education, and provide valuable measurement feedback for improving the quality of curriculum and teaching in institutions that use the NLN-DRT in their assessment practice.

An artist is a person who adds color to reality and changes it through their activity. They want their works of art to be noticed and admired. Narcissistic personality qualities occurring in musicians can not only contribute to the development of musical skills but also facilitate the development of a musical career. Narcissistic features are more frequently attributed to the Vocal Faculty students than to those from the Instrumental Faculty. The key issue of the research described in the article was a search for differences in the intensity and structure of narcissism in musicians of the two aforementioned specializations. The aim was to examine intensity of this particular personality trait in the surveyed musicians and to study importance of narcissism for planning and developing an artistic career. The research procedure involved completing the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) questionnaire by Raskin and Hall, in the Polish adaptation by Bazińska and Drat-Ruszczak, and the Hope for Success Questionnaire by Snyder, edited by Łaguna, Trzebiński and Zięba. The research subjects comprised regular students of 1st-cycle and 2nd-cycle study programs. In total, the research covered 121 people studying at the Academy of Music in Łódź. The origins of the phenomenon of narcissism was described as well as the development of the concept till contemporary times and hope for success were examined in the surveyed students of various specializations. Correlations between narcissism and the above-mentioned variables were explored and positive aspects of the phenomenon occurring in the group of musicians were enumerated.

Introdução: A doença renal crônica terminal (DRCT) ocasiona complicações pulmonares que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos portadores. Objetivo: Avaliar função pulmonar e força muscular ventilatória de pacientes com DRCT pré e pós-hemodiálise. Material e métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, analítica e transversal, amostra de 42 indivíduos com DRCT. Dados relativos ao tempo de diagnóstico, tratamento dialítico, tabagismo, patologias basais, comorbidades foram obtidos através de ficha de avaliação. Analisada função pulmonar através da espirometria. Pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx), pela manovacuometria pré e pós sessão de hemodiálise. Teste t de student e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foram utilizados para tratamento estatístico dos dados. Resultados: Indicadores da função pulmonar: capacidade vital forçada (CVF) (p = 0,381), volume expiratório forçado no 1 segundo (p = 0,714) e pico de fluxo expiratório (p = 0,163) não apresentaram diferença significativa pós-hemodiálise. Indicadores da força muscular ventilatória: aumento significativo de PImáx (p = 0,003) e PEmáx (p = 0,010) pós-hemodiálise. Variáveis espirométricas e de força muscular apresentaram-se abaixo do valor predito na maioria da amostra. Correlação significativa entre variação de CVF pré e pós-hemodiálise e perda de peso (r = 0,36, p = 0,030). Conclusão: Foi observada redução da função pulmonar e da força muscular ventilatória nos indivíduos avaliados. O incremento de PImáx e PEmáx pós-hemodiálise não foram suficientes para atingir os valores previstos.Palavras-chave: insuficiência renal crônica, diálise renal, ventilação pulmonar, músculos respiratórios, espirometria.

This diploma thesis deals with the optimization of process parameters of welding a drainage channel using a laser beam with an additional cold wire. This channel is made of austenitic Cr Ni stainless steel X5CrNi 18-10 (1.4301, ČSN 17 240) with a sheet thickness 1,5 mm. Mechanical properties of samples were checked by using transverse tensile test. Subsequently, the samples were macroscopically inspected focusing on dimensions of the weld and the presence of weld defects. Finally, the structure of the weld metal and fundamental material was evaluated by using microscopic control. Based on evaluation tests, the optimal welding parameters were recommended.

This retrospective descriptive study addressed the relationship between reading comprehension skills as measured by the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and the Nurse Entrance Test and indices of academic success (i.e., grade point average of prerequisite science courses and overall grade point average) prior to admission for students in a Bachelor of Science in Nursing program with student success in the first semester of nursing coursework. Overall, there has been a continual decline in average reading ability of college-aged students. Reading is a basic skill for learning and academic success. To successfully complete an academic program of study in preparation to become professional nurses, students must be able to read and apply material from textbooks and journals. With the well-documented nursing shortage, any attrition from a nursing program contributes to the professional dilemma. Correlational and descriptive methods were used to determine the relationships among the variables for 179 students in this selected Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program. A comparative approach was used to investigate possible cause and effect relationships between measures of academic success of students and reading comprehension abilities. Data were obtained from official academic records and test results for the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and the Nurse Entrance Test. Statistical procedures used to understand and interpret the interactions among and between the variables and included frequency distributions, descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and a regression model. Results of the study, limited to the students in this BSN program, indicated that reading comprehension, as measured by the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, was better in identifying student risk for academic failure. There was a positive relationship between the grade point average (GPA) for prerequisite science courses, overall cumulative GPA, and GPA for the first semester nursing courses. Early determination of reading comprehension ability provides needed information to direct intervention activities to improve individual reading comprehension abilities and, thus, promote successful academic performance in the first semester of this nursing program and thereafter.