Dissertationen zum Thema „Structure locale des liquides“
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Boccato, Silvia. „Etude de la structure locale des métaux 3d liquides en conditions extrêmes de pression et température“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY093/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the physical phenomena of our planet requires the capability to investigate the structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid-state materials present in the Earth's outer core. Thus, the melting curves of nickel and cobalt allow to constrain the temperature at the inner core boundary (ICB).This Thesis presents the study of the melting curves and the local structure of nickel and cobalt under extreme conditions. The experimental analysis was performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), technique ideal for the study of the local structure. Ab-initio calculations were performed as well in order to validate the melting criterion adopted and to provide starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the local structure.The melting curves of nickel and cobalt were determined with the XAS melting criterion recently proposed for iron. The criterion consists in the flattening of the shoulder and the disappearance of the first two oscillations in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). It has been validated with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis on the recovered samples, by means of a detection of textural changes in the sample. The melting temperature was detected for nickel and cobalt at different pressures, thus providing a measurement of the melting curve up to 1 Mbar for the two materials.A comparison of the melting curves of nickel and cobalt with iron shows that the presence of these two materials in the outer core of Earth gives a negligible contribution for the determination of the geotherm at the inner core boundary.Ab-initio calculations performed on cobalt provided an additional confirmation of the XAS melting criterion adopted. Moreover they permitted to understand that the flattening of the oscillations in the XANES is due to the smearing of the structures in the density of the p states linked to the different environments surrounding each absorbing atom in the liquid.These calculations allowed as well to evaluate the compression of liquid cobalt at 5000 K and provided a starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the experimental Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) extracted from the measured XAS.The EXAFS of the liquids along the melting curve was analysed providing a measurement of the first neighbour distance in the liquid as a function of pressure for both nickel and cobalt. In the two cases our experimental results show slightly less compression than theoretically predicted. This can be interpreted as a first neighbour bond that at higher pressures is slightly more rigid than predicted or as due to an increase of 10-20% of the coordination number.Combined to theory, our experimental observation suggests that the local structure of liquid Co and Ni increasingly deviates from a hard sphere model with P and T along the melting curve.In conclusion, we have developed a protocol that allows validating the melting criterion for a given solid structure. In this work it has been applied to 3d metals with fcc structures and it can be applied to other structures.The presence of nickel and cobalt in the outer core of Earth was found to be irrelevant for the determination of the temperature at the ICB.XAS was shown to be an adequate technique to measure the first neighbour bond under extreme conditions, although both experiment and theory have large margin for improvement. The application of this method to more complex liquid alloys opens the way to investigation of relevant geophysical systems
Augier, Frédéric. „Structure locale du champ hydrodynamique dans les écoulements dispersés liquide-liquide concentrés“. Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT009G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKlein, Holger. „Ordre local dans des phases quasicristallines, approximantes et liquides Al-Pd-Mn“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdao, Makha. „Propriétés physiques des cristaux liquides discotiques nanoconfinés“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979588.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKoverga, Volodymyr. „Organisation de la structure locale de mélanges liquide ionique/solvant moléculaire : une étude théorique basée sur la dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10221/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMixtures of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with perfluorinated anions and dipolar aprotic solvent are promising candidates for electrolytic components used in different electrochemical applications. Current state of technologies requires detailed information on the influence of the mixture composition on the physical and chemical properties of the mixture. This thesis presents a molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the local structure organization of the mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim+) ILs with perfluorinated anions (BF4‒, PF6‒, TFO‒, TFSI‒) and dipolar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile (AN), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and propylene carbonate (PC). As a first step, the local structure in the neat ILs and molecular solvents has been analyzed. For the set of ILs it was established that H-bonding interactions at the H2 site is strongly enhanced compared to the H4-5 sites in the case of asymmetric and/or strongly basic anions like TFO− or TFSI−. The cation-cation contacts via the aggregation of the butyl chains is much stronger and less anion-dependent than the π+-π+ stacking of the imidazolium rings. For the pure solvent our results show that although the dominant dipole-dipole orientation between a reference molecule and first neighbor is the antiparallel one, while for the subsequent neighbors the antiparallel orientation is gradually weakened in favor of the parallel one. More distant neighbors tend to be parallel to the reference molecule. A deep analysis of the local structure made it possible to identify the presence of weak hydrogen bonds in the selected dipolar solvents. For the mixtures of imidazolium-based ILs the results show that in all the studied IL/molecular solvent mixtures, the distribution of the anion around the cation is not drastically affected in the range of xIL between 1.0 and 0.3 and for further decrease of xIL noticeable changes in the distance characteristics describing the cation and anion hydrogen bonding interactions, occur. These changes are associated with the expected weakening of the cation and anion interactions. These results are in good agreement with the behavior of the 2H chemical shift as a function of xIL. Furthermore, our results point out to the importance of the anion-solvent interactions in describing the local structure in these mixtures
Simonet, Virginie. „Magnetisme et ordre local des quasicristaux et liquides al-pd-mn et al-mn“. Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhao, Bin. „Physical properties of Fe-C-S and Fe-S alloys under planetary core condition“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerrestrial planets possess a metallic core composed of iron alloys, which are the products of long-period differentiation. The Moon is the closest terrestrial planetary body to the Earth, and also most well-constrained thanks to the numerous space missions including landing objects and orbiting spacecrafts. The collected observables allow people to build Moon models and infer the core properties. Regarding its composition, sulfur and carbon are considered as two plausible light elements in the Moon’s core, but most of the cases were discussed in terms of binary Fe-S or Fe-C, in absence of the knowledge of Fe-C-S alloy’s properties. This study has provided a discussion from a Ternary-Fe-C-S point of view, based on the physical properties of liquid Fe-C-S alloys determined experimentally. Specifically, local structure and density of liquid Fe-C-S alloys were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction and absorption experiments below 5 GPa and between 1600 K and 1900 K. Miscibility of Fe-C-S alloys was studied by quench experiments between 2 and 6 GPa at 1650 K and 2000 K, respectively. The measured density was employed to build a thermodynamic model for density of liquid Fe-C-S alloys as a function of pressure, temperature, and C/S content. This model, together with the miscibility gap, are used to discuss the light element content in the Moon’s core. Compared to the lunar missions, the others started much later with considerably increased difficulties and risks, leaving those terrestrial planetary bodies farther to the Earth still poorly constrained. For instance, the Galileo space craft, which is the first Jupiter mission performed in 1990S, collected the gravitational data of the four satellites of Jupiter, among which Europa, Io, and Ganymede are considered highly differentiated. Without further information, the core was considered to be composed of Fe-S. Fe3S2 is a potential candidate forming at pertinent P-T conditions, but its structure, lattice parameters, accurate forming condition remains unknown. For this part of the PhD work, the properties of Fe-S compounds were studied by in situ X-ray diffraction from 11 to 15 GPa and from room temperature to melting. The accurate forming condition of Fe3S2 and its structural properties were determined by the diffraction pattern, which enables the inference on the core composition of middle-sized planetary bodies
Haudin, Florence. „Fronts et dynamiques spatio-temporelles dans l'expérience de la valve à cristaux liquides : effets de forçages spatiaux et rétroaction optique non locale“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarín, Aguilar Susana. „Local structure and dynamics of dense colloidal systems : from patchy particles to hard spheres“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe role played by the structure in determining the dynamics of glassy colloidal systems is still a subject of debate. However, there is compelling evidence of a direct link between changes in the local structure and the dynamical slowdown in glassy systems. Here, we explore the interplay between local structure and dynamics by using patchy particles as glass formers. This is done by making use of molecular dynamics simulations. We show that reinforcing icosahedral geometry causes, the system to exhibit an extreme slowdown in its dynamics. With these results, we provide a route for controlling glassy dynamics through the use of patchy particles. Additionally, an interesting point is whether we can extract information about dynamics from only structural information. In order to explore this point, we simulate a wide variety of hard-sphere mixtures. We show that global dynamics of these systems can be precisely predicted by quantifying the tetrahedrality of the local structure: an order parameter that consists of counting the number of tetrahedra each particle participates in. The predictions of this order parameter maintain their accuracy over a wide variety of densities proving its universality in this family of glass formers. Moreover, it is also capable of capturing the changes in the local dynamics, as regions with high tetrahedrality are strongly correlated with regions with slow dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that unsupervised machine learning techniques can be used to classify particles with different structural environments, which are strongly correlated to local dynamics
Cavalleri, Matteo. „Local Structure of Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Fysikum, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNemati, Navid. „Macroscopic theory of sound propagation in rigid-framed porous materials allowing for spatial dispersion : principle and validation“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976907.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMortagne, Caroline. „Etude de la dynamique des liquides par microscopie à sonde locale“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30370/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the interfacial dynamics of liquids, down to the nanometer-scale, is of primary importance in many domains including biological and industrial phenomena. To address those questions, we study the near-field interaction between a probe and low viscous liquids. The present thesis focuses on two aspects. In the first one, we investigate the liquid interface deformation that occurs when a tip is approached and the resulting "jump-to-contact" hydrodynamic instability. The second part is more intrusive as it describes the hydrodynamic response of a liquid under the oscillation of a partly-immerse nanocylinder (R ~20-100 nm). Our measurements are performed with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in the frequency modulation (FM) mode, which allows to measure the force exerted on the probe along with the conservative and dissipative components of the tip-liquid interaction. A first set of measurements is performed on several model liquids with an AFM coupled with a high-speed camera via an inverse optical microscope. Before the probe wetting, the force and FM spectroscopy curves highlight the liquid interface deformation on nanometer scales for a large range of probe size (from 10 nm to 30 µm). The fitting of our experimental measurements with the theoretical model recently developed by René Ledesma-Alonso, enables to determinate the critical distance dmin below which the interface is destabilized and irreversibly wets the tip (jump-to-contact). The theoretical model and the FM measurements were found to be in good agreement. The second set of measurements focuses on the partial immersion of cylindrical AFM tips. The FM spectroscopy curves show that a certain quantity of liquid, located in the viscous layer, is carried off with the tip oscillation. The friction exerted on the tip and the liquid mass added to the system, which is directly linked to the velocity-field extension, were measured simultaneously. An analytical model based on the Stokes equation quantitatively reproduces our experimental results. The last set of measurements is performed with cylindrical probes specially designed for the study of nanomeniscus dynamics. Those probes possess annular topographic defects, whose thickness varies between 10 nm and 50 nm. The measurements show that he measured friction coefficient surges as the contact angle is decreased. This behavior is well described by a developed theoretical model based on the lubrication approximation. Furthermore, the dissipation pattern in the vicinity of the contact line and the anchoring properties are also discussed. The original experiments developed in this thesis demonstrate thus that AFM is a relevant tool for the quantitative study of liquids at the nanoscale. This work paves the way for systematic studies of dissipation processes in confined liquids, and in particular in the vicinity of moving contact lines
Aoun, Bachir. „Liquides ioniques : structure et dynamique“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCunsolo, Alessandro. „Relaxation phenomena in the THz dynamics of simple fluids probed by inelastic X-ray scattering“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVerdier, Antoine. „Experimental study of dilute spray combustion“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR27/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiquid fuels are the primary energy source in a wide range of applications including industrial and residential furnaces, internal combustion engines and propulsion systems. Pollutant emission reduction is currently one of the major constraints for the design of the next generation combustion chamber. Spray combustion involves many complex physical phenomena including atomization, dispersion, evaporation and combustion, which generally take place simultaneously or within very small regions in the combustion chambers. Although numerical simulation is a valuable tool to tackle these different interactions between liquid and gas phases, the method needs to be validated through reliable experimental studies. Therefore, accurate experimental data on flame structure and on liquid and gas properties along the evaporation and combustion steps are needed and are still challenging. A joint effort between numerical and experimental teams is necessary to meet tomorrow's energy challenges and opportunities. The complexity of the real aeronautical configurations implies to study the effect of local properties in flame dynamics on a canonical configuration, which presents the essential feature of very well defined boundary conditions. This work, carried out within the framework of the ANR TIMBER project, aims to improve the understanding of two-phase flow combustion, as well as to produce an efficient and original database for the validation of the models used in LES
Gérard, Anne. „Etude par rmn de la dynamique locale dans les polymeres cristaux-liquides lineaires“. Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066499.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeplaideur, Renaud. „Structure locale produit de mesures hyperboliques“. Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBRUNET, Philippe. „Structure et dynamique non-linéaire de liquides tombants“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElias, Florence. „Ferrofluides et mousses liquides : structure, élasticité et dynamique“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerriac, Emmanuel. „Train de films liquides confinés : structure et écoulement“. Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiquid film trains are the most encountered structures of confined liquid foams. The presented work is a part of the understanding of liquid distribution in “bamboo” foams defined by a film train. An original method to measure film thickness within the foam by small angle scattering experiments, interpreted in the frame of specular reflectivity, was validated by using a well-known surfactant (SDS). The results, compared to other ones obtained with Thin Film Balance, lead to the conclusion that “bamboo” foams are assemblies of independent films and that metastable states of film can be isolated. Measurements of the viscous force of “bamboo” foams flowing in narrow channels are also presented and compared to a model based on the lubrication theory. It follows from it a strong influence of the velocity, the liquid fraction and the bubble size on the viscous dissipation
Biland, Erwan. „Représentations modulaires et structure locale des groupes finis“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29977/29977.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is related to the pursuit of a modular proof of the odd Z ∗-theorem, while the only known proof of that theorem relies on the classification of finite simple groups. Let O be a big enough extension of the p-adic ring Zp, and k be its residue field. Let G be a finite group, e be a block of the algebra OG, and H = CG(P ) be the centraliser of a p-subgroup of G. If the subgroup H controls the fusion of the block e in a very strong sense, we prove the existence of a stable equivalence of Morita type between the block e and a block f of the algebra OH , provided that a defect group of the block e is abelian or has a noncyclic center. This extends a result previously known for the principal block. In order to construct the bimodule that induces this stable equivalence, we are led to study the class of modules over a block algebra OGe that admit a fusion-stable endopermutation source. We call them “Brauer-friendly” modules. In particular, we show that Dade’s “slash” construction applies to these modules, and that this construction can be turned into a functor over a “Brauer-friendly” subcategory of the category of OGe-modules. We prove that an indecomposable Brauer-friendly module is characterised by a vertex subpair (Q, eQ), a source module V , and a projective indecomposable module over the local block algebra k[NG(Q, eQ)/Q]e¯Q attached to the subpair (Q, eQ). This provides a functorial version of the Puig correspondence for Brauer-friendly modules.
De, Dorlodot Bertrand. „Réfractométrie des liquides in situ, locale et résolue temporellement pour l'imagerie cellulaire en microscopie holographique numérique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66754.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantitative phase microscopy, in particular digital holographic microscopy, is a promising imaging technique for the study of living cells, notably the emerging field of human induced pluripotent stem cells, because of its great sensitivity and resolution, its strict non-invasiveness and its complementarity with fluorescence imaging. This technique allows for the retrieval of the quantitative phase signal (QPS) produced by cells, which is very rich but also complicated to interpret. In particular, the QPS depends on the refractive index (RI) of the medium surrounding the cells in an imaging chamber; therefore, this RI needs to be well monitored in order to correctly and precisely analyse the QPS. In this master’s thesis, the design, development and characterization of a method to measure this extracellular RI directly inside the imaging chamber using the QPS measured by a DHM are described. First, the DHM capability to measure precisely and accurately a RI is demonstrated. Then, its use for liquid refractometry in an imaging chamber is analysed, using a grooved coverslip with well characterized grooves in place of one of the coverslip closing the imaging chamber. An average accuracy on RI measurement of 0.0003 is demonstrated, which is similar to the one of a typical commercial liquid refractometer. Finally, a proof of concept using these grooved coverslips in a biological experiment involving cell imaging under the DHM is completed. The results are thoroughly analysed and discussed, and the relevance of these grooved coverslip for liquid refractometry in a biological context is demonstrated.
Costa, Séverine. „Rhéologie multiéchelle des mousses liquides“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarrat, Jean-Louis. „Structure et cristallisation de liquides simples et de mélanges“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Abed Abdel Illah. „Structure de films de langmuir de cristaux liquides pyramidiques“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05S006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarrat, Jean-Louis. „Structure et cristallisation de liquides simples et de mélanges“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602666f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDarmon, Alexandre. „Cristaux liquides sur interfaces courbes : élasticité, structure et topologie“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066673.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present experimental and theoretical results on liquid crystals confined to curved geometries. We study cholesteric liquid crystal shells, the geometry of which imposes the presence of topological defects. This system constitutes an ideal playground to study the nature of these singularities and their interactions. We report a total of five different defect configurations, a remarkable feature in the context of self-assembly in which this work is set. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, we are able to accurately describe the inner structure of all observed defects. The complexity of these new structures is related to the cholesteric nature of the liquid crystal. We show that it is possible to induce transitions between the different configurations, and investigate the associated dynamics. We establish a theoretical model that successfully predicts the equilibrium defect positions in all configurations, and discuss the subtle balance between repulsive elastic interactions and attractive thickness gradients, arising from the eccentricity of the shells. Confronting the model to the experimental data, we are able to estimate the energies of nontrivial defect structures. Finally, we investigate toroidal geometries, and show how shape transformations can be interesting to study the genesis and annihilation of topological defects
Legrand, Valérie. „Contribution à l'étude de la vitrification de liquides moléculaires fragiles“. Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-141.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStoica, Beck Alina. „Analyse de la structure locale des grands réseaux sociaux“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987880.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGermain, Norbert. „Modélisation non locale de l'endommagement dans les structure composites“. Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSophisticated constitutive equations have recently been proposed to describe the mechanical behavior and damage of polymer matrix composites. Using these equations, the finite element method makes it possible to predict the degradation of composite structures. However using standard finite element procedures, theses equations may lead to numerical problems (instabilities, damage localization,. . . ) so that meaningful results are difficult to obtain. One of the solutions consists in writing the constitutive equations in a nonlocal framework. The first part of this thesis is consecrated to the study of such methods in a simplified case (homogeneous isotropic material) and to the coupling of such formulation with arc-length algorithm and parallel computing. Then, extensions of the implicit gradient formulation, to anisotropic laminate structures, are proposed so as to account for the specificity of such materials. According to this nonlocalmechanical framework, a specific finite element is developed to model the stratified at the mesoscopic scale without explicitly mesh the layers and scale change. Finally, a comparison between finite elements simulations and experimental results is performed to study the efficiency of such original modelling methods and the nature of the new parameters resulting from the nonlocal model
Stoica, Alina-Mihaela. „Analyse de la structure locale des grands réseaux sociaux“. Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077190.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main goal of our research was to characterize the individuals connected in a social network by analyzing the local structure of the network. For that, we proposed a method that describes the way a node (corresponding to an individual) is embedded in the network. Our method is related to the analysis of egocentred networks in sociology and to the local approach in the study of complex networks. It can be applied to small networks, to fractions of networks and also to large networks, due to its small complexity. We applied the proposed method to two large social networks, one modeling online activity on MySpace, the other one modeling mobile phone communications. In the first case we were interested in analyzing the online popularity of artists on MySpace. In the second case, we proposed and used a method for clustering nodes that are connected in a similar way to the network. We found that the distribution of mobile phone users into clusters was correlated to other characteristics of the individuals (i. E. Communication intensity and age). Although in this thesis we applied the two methods only to social networks, they can be applied in the same way to any other graph, no matter its origin
Ferreira, Da Silva Anailde. „Structure locale et propriétés thermodiffusives de nano-colloïdes magnétiques“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe spatial organization and the thermodiffusion of ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in dispersion are here studied. The NPs are obtained by coprecipitation of Fe3+ and Co2+ (or Mn2+) ions in alkaline medium and protected by a maghemite shell. Colloidal samples are either directly issued from chemical synthesis at volume fraction Φ ≈ 1% and pH ≈ 2 with the ionic strength I badly controlled, or at pH Φ ≈ 3 with I = 10-3 mol/L, both being fixed by osmotic stress at Φ up to 30%. . A controlled sample dilution is then possible. Spatial organization of positively charged NPs is probed by small angle x-ray scattering. The analysis of the scattered intensity allows to extract form and structure factors of the NPs, in conditions ranging from weakly interparticle attraction to strong repulsion for which at large Φ the system becomes glassy. The first-neighbor peak of the structure factor, observed in Fluid phase, tends to disappear in glassy samples. The NPs dynamics is probed by Rayleigh forced scattering. A periodic array of temperature is created in the fluid sample via the image of a grid using a pump beam. It induces by Soret effect, an array of NPs concentration in the sample. If the pump beam is shut down, the concentration array relaxes by massic NPs diffusion. A temporal pump modulation allows to determine the Soret coefficient ST, here negative, the NPs go towards hot regions. ST is proportionnal to the compressibility of the NPs system. A description based on a Carnahan-Starling model is proposed to describe the Φ-dependence of both compressibity and Soret effect in the range of weak Φ's, where the samples remain Fluid, far from the glassy transition
Nesse trabalho, investigamos a organização estrutural e a dinâmica de dispersões de nanopartículas (NPs) magnétiques de ferrita obtidas por coprecipitação em meio alcalino de íons de Fe3+ e M2+ (M2+ = Co2+, Mn2+), protegidas por uma coroa de maguemita. As amostras são obtidas à partir da síntese com uma fração volumétrica Φ ≈ 1%, pH ≈ 2 e uma força iônica I imprecisa, ou em pH = 3 e I = 10-3 mol/L, ambos valores fixados por compressão osmótica até Φ ≈ 30 % (seguido eventualmente de uma diluição). A organização estrutural das NPs, que são carregadas positivamente, é investigada por espalhamento de raios X em baixo ângulo. A análise da intensidade espalhada permite extrair fatores de forma e de estrutura das NPs desde situações onde existem atrações pouco intensas entre NPs para situações de fortes repulsões interpartículas até mais altas concentrações nas quais o colóide se torna vítreo. O pico de primeiro vizinho do fator de estrutura, observado na fase fluida, tende a colapsar. A dinâmica das NPs é testada por espalhamento Rayleigh forçado. Um padrão periódico de temperatura é criado em amostras fluidas utilizando a imagem de uma grade formada por um feixe de luz. Este induz uma rede de concentração via efeito Soret: Quando o feixe de luz é cancelado, a rede relaxa por difusão de massa de NPs. A modulação temporal do feixe de luz permite determinar o coeficiente Soret ST negativo, as NPs migram para regiões quentes. Este é proporcional à compressibilidade do sistema de NPs. Um modelo de Carnahan-Starling é proposto para descrever a dependência com Φ da compressibilidade e de ST numa gama de valores baixos de Φ onde as amostras permanecem fluidas, longe da transição vítrea
Smolyakov, Georgiy. „Polyélectrolytes et liquides ioniques“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766158.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTäuber, Daniela, Katrin Radscheit, Rafael Camacho, Ivan Scheblykin und Borczyskowski Christian von. „Guest molecule diffusion and conformation influenced by local liquid crystal structure“. Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 103, S. 1-2, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTäuber, Daniela, Katrin Radscheit, Rafael Camacho, Ivan Scheblykin und Borczyskowski Christian von. „Guest molecule diffusion and conformation influenced by local liquid crystal structure“. Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-183950.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTammar, El Mostapha. „Contribution à l'étude du facteur de structure dynamique des liquides simples“. Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Tammar.El_Moustafa.SMZ0012.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTAMMAR, EL MOSTAFA BRETONNET JEAN LOUIS. „CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DU FACTEUR DE STRUCTURE DYNAMIQUE DES LIQUIDES SIMPLES /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2000/Tammar.El_Moustafa.SMZ0012.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVERNIER, SYLVIE. „Efficacite d'un tonique veineux d'action locale a partir d'une etude comparative basee sur un examen thermographique a cristaux liquides“. Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDahi, Abdellatif. „Elaboration d'une membrane permsélective par imprégnation d'une structure polymère poreuse avec un liquide ionique“. Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was the development of new and stable immobilized ionic liquid membranes (IILMs) based on a Matrimid® porous membrane impregnated with ionic liquids (ILs). To improve the retention of IL phase in the pores of the Matrimid® membrane, surfaces were treated with different plasma treatments (CF4, N2 and O2). Using a Matrimid® dense film, chemical composition and topography of plasma treated surfaces were then studied by XPS and AFM, respectively. Aging of plasma treatments was also discussed. The influence of the surface modification on CO2, N2 and O2 gas permeation through the plasma treated films was evaluated. The direct immersion method to prepare our IILMs was examined by infrared spectroscopy. The influence of each plasma treatment on the impregnation speed through the surface of various Matrimid® porous membranes (plasma treated or not), the impregnation rate (uptake mass IL) and the stability of prepared IILMs were analyzed. The IILMs were then tested for two applications: the separation of VOCs by vapor permeation and selective transport of protons as electrolyte membranes for fuel cells (PEMFC). In that case, a detailed study of water and volatile organic compounds sorption in ILs was undertaken at the beginning of these tests
BARNOLE, VALERIE. „Structure electronique locale dans les oxydes supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique“. Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGérard, Hervé. „Simulation de spectres de résonance magnétique nucléaire de cristaux liquides, polymères cristaux liquides et polymères conventionnels“. Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFLAMENT, CYRILLE. „Etude de phases ordonnees bidimensionnelles dans des films de langmuir : structure d'un cristal anisotrope parametre d'ordre et module d'elasticite d'un cristal-liquide“. Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaulhé, Claire. „Structure locale dans un ferroélectrique relaxeur : BaTi(1-x)Zr(x)O3“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196922.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRose, Séverine. „Interactions polymère/silice : de la structure locale au renforcement mécanique d'hydrogels hybrides“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00843578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbet-Massin, Rémi. „Structure et propriétés optiques de la phase bleue 1 des cristaux liquides cholestériques“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEquilibrium shapes and growth of the large monocrystals of Blue Phase I are observed with a reflecting microscope. This leads to interesting information about their structure. A detailed study of visible light diffraction on such monocrystals provides the amplitude of the Fourier components of the order parameter of BPI which is the anisotropic part of dielectric tensor. Those measurements are compared with the theoretical model developed by R. M. Hornereich et al from a Landaü theory approach
Amzil, Abdelhamid. „Etude du lien entre structure et propriétés thermodynamiques dans les alliages liquides binaires“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBianchi, Laurent (19. „La structure de liquides moléculaires : diffraction de neutrons et simulations par dynamique moléculaire“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNagendrachar, Garaga Mounesha. „Structure locale autour d'hétéroatomes dans des matériaux alumino- et borosilicates pour la catalyse“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNagendrachar, Garaga Mounesha. „Structure locale autour d’hétéroatomes dans des matériaux alumino- et borosilicates pour la catalyse“. Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile alumino- and borosilicate materials have paramount importance in catalysis, the molecular origin of their activity is not completely understood. This is mainly because the incorporation of heteroatoms into the silicate framework deteriorates the molecular order by generating local disorder that is particularly difficult to establish. Because of its local vision of ordered and disordered environments, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can play a key role to solve this long-standing issue. Surfactant-directed layered silicate materials with short-range molecular order are particularly interesting model systems to study the local structures around Al or B heteroatoms because the synthesis, molecular structures, and simple 29Si NMR signatures of their pure-silicate forms are well understood. Various amounts of Al and B atoms were incorporated into their frameworks, and their consequences on the local structure were investigated by state-of-the-art multidimensional NMR measurements probing spatial proximities or bonding interactions between 29Si, 11B, 27Al, and 1H nuclei, an approach that could be extended to atomic substitution in an aluminosilicate clay and a new calcium borosilicate. These results were combined with molecular modeling to build and evaluate structural models that capture the local framework distortions and sometimes profound rearrangements resulting from the atomic substitutions. This reveals remarkable differences between the consequences of the incorporation Al or B in two distinct frameworks of otherwise strongly-related materials, and offers a unique opportunity to understand the properties that drive heteroatom incorporation
Béreiziat, Daniel. „Structure locale de l'écoulement de fluides newtoniens et non newtoniens en canaux ondules“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL036N.
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