Dissertationen: „Structure de collaboration“

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Minto, Shawn. „Using emergent team structure to focus collaboration“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32062.

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To build successful complex software systems, developers must collaborate with each other to solve issues. To facilitate this collaboration specialized tools are being integrated into development environments. Although these tools facilitate collaboration, they do not foster it. The problem is that the tools require the developers to maintain a list of other developers with whom they may wish to communicate. In any given situation, it is the developer who must determine who within this list has expertise for the specific situation. Unless the team is small and static, maintaining the knowledge about who is expert in particular parts of the system is difficult. As many organizations are beginning to use agile development and distributed software practices, which result in teams with dynamic membership, maintaining this knowledge is impossible. This thesis investigates whether emergent team structure can be used to support collaboration amongst software developers. The membership of an emergent team is determined from analysis of software artifacts. We first show that emergent teams exist within a particular open-source software project, the Eclipse integrated development environment. We then present a tool called Emergent Expertise Locator (EEL) that uses emergent team information to propose experts to a developer within their development environment as the developer works. We validated this approach to support collaboration by applying our approach to historical data gathered from the Eclipse project, Firefox and Bugzilla and comparing the results to an existing heuristic for recommending experts that produces a list of experts based on the revision history of individual files. We found that EEL produces, on average, results with higher precision and higher recall than the existing heuristic.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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Ozcan, Sercan. „The collaboration structure and systems of innovation in nanotechnology“. Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/288acc96-ba51-47dc-8aab-b82cf8966ce5.

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This research aims to analyse inter-organisational collaboration activities and mechanisms in general and also those specific to the nanotechnology field with the purpose of identifying their effectiveness and efficiency in innovation processes. This research proposes and adapts two new frameworks to be used in its analyses and also in future studies. Following these frameworks, this study investigates the nanotechnology patent network to identify many important aspects of it, such as: key actors, network structures and national differences. Some of the research objectives are: 1) to examine the key determinants of collaborative innovation mechanisms that encourage or hinder organisations to involve themselves in collaborative innovation activities; 2) to discover how the collaboration mechanism impacts the innovation process in the nanotechnology field; and 3) to analyse what kind of collaboration mechanisms exist at different stages of the innovation process. This comprehensive study applies a mixed-method approach that combines both patent and interview data analyses, and draws upon an extensive data sample. The patent data covers almost fifty thousand patent documents that are well-optimised for this study, and the interview sample covers the key experts across different regions. The main contributions of this research are theoretical, empirical and practical as well as methodological contributions to the field. The results of patent data analyses identify many key issues in this field, such as collaboration activities for key organisations, nations' competitiveness and innovation networks in the nanotechnology field. The results of interview analyses present a comparative study on the collaboration structures across the UK, the US, Germany and China. In addition, this research provides case studies of where inter-organisational collaborations resulted in innovations to illustrate successful scenarios for the nanotechnology field. The analysis of the nanotechnology innovation networks demonstrates that the proposed network model is a useful means of differentiating types of network structures such as mono-linkages, central-linkages and distributed network. With regard to the various stages of collaboration, new funding systems are found to be a mechanism for encouraging organisations to work together from the initial stage of collaboration. To enhance the collaboration mechanism, nanotechnology centres appear to be an effective place to overcome difficulties related to the multi-disciplinarity of nanotechnology. The results show that large organisations are currently the key organizations for the commercialisation process, especially in the electronics industry where high investments are required. SMEs appear to be the key organisations at the incremental level of innovations, and are essential to the expansion and up-scaling of the number of collaborations within the innovation network. The findings of this study are not only applicable to the nanotechnology field; this study could be beneficial within a wider range of social domains (academia, industry, government, intermediaries, fund providers and policy makers) where active and potential organisations are involved in technological collaboration. Moreover, this study differentiates its findings across the selected regions to show national factors, making this study even more valuable.

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Baumgardt, Tor. „Community structure within scientific collaboration network at Uppsala university“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230234.

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In this paper the community discovery algorithms created by Girvan-Newman and Rosvall-Bergstrom are used to find communities within a scientific collaboration network created from researchers from Uppsala university. The results are then compared with official department structures and previous research of collaboration at KTH. The results show that research across department boundaries are more common at Uppsala than at KTH. Differences in department structure is discussed as a potential cause.
I denna rapport används algoritmer för att identifiera grupp-struktur för att hitta grupper inom ett vetenskapligt samarbetsnätverk skapat från forskare från Uppsala universitet. Resultaten är sedan jämförda med officiella avdelningar samt tidigare forskning om samarbete på KTH. Resultaten visar att samarbete mellan olika avdelningar är vanligare på Uppsala universitet. Skillnader i avdelningsstruktur är diskuterade som en potentiell orsak.

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Sandford, Arava. „Proposition d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures collaboratives inter-filiales : Application à la création d’offres innovantes pour les territoires de demain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAE030.

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De nos jours, les villes et territoires sont confrontés aux enjeux de la transition énergétique et écologique dû à la concentration croissante de la population dans les zones urbaines. Pour répondre à ces défis, le concept de smart city repose sur l’utilisation des technologies du numérique pour repenser l’aménagement urbain et optimiser son fonctionnement. La smart city trouve pleinement son potentiel dans l’interconnexion des différentes fonctions de la ville ; mobilité et transport, infrastructures et bâtiments, efficacité énergétique, gestion de l’eau et des déchets ou encore la sécurité par exemple. Par conséquent, les entreprises doivent collaborer et s’organiser sous forme de consortium pour proposer des offres complètes et clés en main de villes et territoires intelligents aux collectivités publiques.Pour les groupes d’entreprises diversifiés, le développement de synergies internes leur permettrait de proposer ces offres de manière plus optimale, grâce à la combinaison des ressources et compétences de leurs filiales opérant dans divers secteurs d’activités. Cependant la littérature manque d’outils et méthodes permettant d’accompagner les groupes d’entreprises dans la mise en place de telles synergies.Ainsi, l’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est d’aider les groupes d’entreprises à initier et gérer des collaborations internes pour développer des offres complètes et innovantes. Cet objectif permet de répondre à la problématique de recherche suivante : comment optimiser les collaborations inter-filiales dans un groupe d’entreprises diversifié ? En se basant sur les contributions existantes sur les collaborations multipartenaires, notre proposition de réponse à cette problématique porte sur la création de structures de collaborations inter-filiales.L’apport principal de cette thèse est la formalisation d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures de collaboration inter-filiales pour favoriser l’innovation au sein de groupes d’entreprises diversifiés : la méthode CROSS. Une démarche de recherche-action a été adoptée pour développer cette méthode structurée en 2 grandes phases : la création d’une structure de collaboration inter-filiales, permettant d’aligner les parties prenantes sur des objectifs communs, et la gestion de cette structure, pour piloter les différentes missions de la structure. Les apports de ces travaux de recherche sont démontrés au travers de deux implémentations de la méthode CROSS pour des projets industriels concrets au sein d’un groupe d’entreprises diversifié français
Nowadays, due to the densification of population in urban areas, cities and territories are facing energy and environmental challenges. The smart city concept aspires to meet these challenges, relying on the use of digital technologies to improve operations across the city. The smart city concept finds its full potential in the interconnexion and interactivity of urban operations and services: transportation system, utilities and buildings, waste, water and energy management and crime detection for example. Therefore, companies must collaborate, through alliances, to offer complete solutions to public authorities.For diversified business groups – which have multiple subsidiaries operating in various industrial sectors – a better way to offer complete solutions to public authorities would be to develop internal synergies to combine its subsidiaries’ resources and competencies. However, the literature lacks methods and tools to support business groups in the initiation of such synergies.Thus, the objective of this PhD thesis is to help business groups to initiate and manage internal collaborations for the development of complete and innovative solutions for nowadays’ urban challenges. More precisely, this thesis answers the following question: how to optimize cross-subsidiary collaboration in diversified business groups? Based on existing contributions on multi-partner collaborations, we focused our work on the creation of cross-subsidiary collaborative structures.The main contribution of this work is the formalization of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure’s design and management method: the CROSS method. An action-research approach was used to develop this method, which is structured in two phases: the creation of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure, through the alignment of the stakeholders on common goals, and the management of this structure. The contributions of this thesis are demonstrated through two experimentations of the CROSS method in a French diversified business group

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GUNNARSSON, JONATHAN, und MARCUS KJELLBERG. „Organized to digitize : A new perspective on collaboration and structure“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237259.

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This master thesis was conducted at a large Swedish manufacturer, where the perception on and challenges regarding digital transformation were studied. Digital technology is a gateway to numerous possibilities, simplifying production, altering products and creating new value offers. This study is focused on commercial digitalization, such as digital services and solutions that challenge or strengthens existing business models. A manufacturing firm, accommodated with the development of physical products is not adapted for the speed, flexibility and cross-functional collaboration which digital development requires. Though, the digital business area for a manufacturing firm is somewhat unresolved, with limited knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertain profitability. Reallocating resources from existing business towards digital development can thus be risky. Evidently, development of digital initiatives within a manufacturing firm requires high pace, support, structures and clarified roadmaps. Synergies from cross-market collaboration are important, but it can also increase complexity and tardiness in a large organization. Based on findings from this study, a manufacturer should alter its organizational structure to benefit their digital transformation. Speed should be prioritized over collaboration and traditional development should increasingly focus on business and consumer contact rather than technology. A common back end function should be increasingly utilized, developing digital technology for the whole organization, to ensure unanimity and simplifying development of similar initiatives. Digital initiatives tightly connected to products or existing business models should be developed within the corresponding functions. Support and inspiration towards digital development should derive from a holistic function that can aid and guide the whole organization. This function should also be responsible for digital initiatives that differentiate from traditional business. Increasing experience and proactively develop digital solutions will be important to stay ahead of competition and fulfill customer demands.
Denna masteruppsats utfördes hos ett stort svenskt tillverkningsföretag, där uppfattning om och utmaningar kring digital transformation studerades. Digital teknik öppnar upp för otaliga möjligheter, förenklar produktion, förbättrar produkter och skapar nya värdeerbjudanden. Denna studie fokuserar på kommersiell digitalisering, så som komplementerande tjänster och lösningar som utmanar eller stärker existerande affärsmodeller. En produkttillverkare, van vid utvecklingen av fysiska produkter är inte anpassad till den snabbhet, flexibilitet och det samarbete mellan affärsfunktioner som digital utveckling behöver. Det digitala marknadsområdet är dessutom osäkert, med begränsningar i erfarenhet, riktlinjer och osäker lönsamhet. Omdisponering av resurser från existerande affärsverksamhet kan därför vara farligt. Bevisligen behöver digital utveckling inom ett tillverkande företag snabbhet, stöd, strukturering och tydliga mål. Synergier från samarbete mellan kundgrupper i en organisation är viktigt, men kan också öka komplexitet och tröghet i ett stort företag. Baserat på studiens resultat bör ett tillverkningsföretag anpassa sin organisationsstruktur till fördel för digital transformation. Snabbhet bör prioriteras framför marknads-överskridande samarbete och mer traditionella instanser borde öka fokus på utveckling av affärsmodeller och kundrelationer. En gemensam back end instans borde användas i större grad genom att utveckla digital teknologi för hela organisationen. Detta skulle skapa enighet, minska duplicering och förenkla utvecklingen av likartade projekt. Digitala initiativ som är kopplade till fysiska produkter eller nuvarande affärsmodell borde utvecklas tillsammans med dessa. Stöd och inspiration för digital utveckling borde komma från en holistisk instans som kan stötta och ledsaga hela organisationen. Denna instans bör även vara ansvarig för att utveckla mer radikala digitala initiativ. Att öka erfarenhet och att proaktivt arbeta för digital utveckling kommer vara mycket viktigt för att motstå konkurrens och uppfylla kundkrav.

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Morse, Ricardo Stuart. „Community Learning: Process, Structure, and Renewal“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27472.

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Community renewal is a dominant theme in American society today. It has been said that public administration could and should be a leader in the community renewal movement, yet for the most part the field of public administration fails to â getâ community. This study advances and explores a concept of community learning as part of a broader effort to better understand what a community perspective means for public administration theory and practice. The contributions of this study are two-fold. First, a concept of community learning is drawn from a variety of literature streams that share an ethos of collaborative pragmatism. Community learning occurs when the knowledge created in the integrative â community processâ is fed-forward and embedded at the level of community structure. Furthermore, a â learning communityâ is found where the community learning process is institutionalized at the level of community structure. While community learning is a term being used to some degree in the field of community development, a concept of how communities might learn has yet to be offered. Thus, the conceptualization offered here seeks to fill this gap in the literature. This study also explores the community learning concept empirically in the context of an action research project in Wytheville, Virginia. Here participants worked with a Virginia Tech research team to better understand their community and develop a unified â visionâ for the communityâ s future. The study revealed that the collective or collaborative learning of the â community processâ can occur over time and also in the form of punctuated group â a-haâ moments. In either case, the learning process is one where new knowledge is created in the form of new or altered shared meaning or new ideas. This learning was fed-forward to the community level to become community learning in three ways: 1) as the learning took place in the community field, meaning the participants of the learning process represented the different institutions that make up community structure; 2) through the integrative medium of local media outlets; and 3) through formal and informal processes of knowledge transfer from the group to community level, where the community level was represented by a citizens committee. As communities institutionalize learning processes they can be said to be â learning communities.â Evidence from the Wytheville study provides insights into how this might happen. The implications for the practice of a â new public serviceâ are explored as well as future areas of research relevant to the community learning approach. The study concludes by suggesting what a community perspective for public administration might mean as community learning is a concept based in this perspective.
Ph. D.

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Donato, Ridgley Israel Louis. „Decoding team performance in a self-organizing collaboration network using community structure“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).
When assembling a team, it is imperative to assess the ability of the team to perform the task in question and to compare the performance of potential teams. In this thesis, I investigate the predictive power of different community detection methods in determining team performance in the self-organizing Kaggle platform and find that my methodology can achieve an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the result of a competition while using no performance information to identify communities. First, I motivate our interest in team performance and why a network setting is useful, as well as present the Kaggle platform as a collaboration network of users on teams participating in competitions. Next, in order to identify communities, I applied a selection of techniques to project the Kaggle network onto a team network and applied both spectral methods and DBSCAN to identify communities of teams while remaining ignorant of their performances. Finally, I generated cross-cluster performance distributions, evaluated the significance of communities found, and calculated a predictor statistic. Using holdout validation, I test and compare the merits of the different community detection methods and find that the Cosine Similarity in conjunction with spectral methods yields the best performance and provides an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the pairwise results of a competition.
by Israel Louis Donato Ridgley.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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Åman, Agnes, und Hanna Nyblom. „Measuring the extent of interdisciplinary research and creating a collaboration group structure at KTH“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186442.

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With interdisciplinary research being a possibility in modern research environ- ments, it is interesting to optimise collaborations between researchers in order to further develop the research environment. The scope of this thesis was therefore to develop a method to measure how widespread the interdisciplinary research is and to propose collaboration groups of researchers created by the use of graph theory. This problem was approached by studying the research at KTH by col- lecting research publications from the publication database DiVA using a web crawler. Then representing the authors of the publications as nodes and the collaborations between two authors as edges in a graph. A graph partitioning algorithm developed by Flake et al. was chosen after a literature study, then applied to the graph to produce the requested collaboration groups. The results showed that while interdisciplinary research is not the norm at KTH, 23% of the proposed collaboration groups consisted of two or more researchers from different schools at KTH. The original ratio of school associ- ation was retained through the partitioning of the graph. A measurement of collaboration per researcher in each collaboration group was suggested and the calculated values of these measurements was found to be largely in the same range, with the exception of one collaboration group. The results also high- lighted some inconsistencies in DiVA. The conclusions were that interdisciplinary research was not very widespread at KTH, however 77 groups were suggested which could be of use for researchers at KTH from now on and in the future. A conclusion was also that this method for finding suitable collaboration groups could be applied at other universities where perhaps interdisciplinary research is more frequent.

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Butcher, Juliette. „Industry-academia research collaboration : characterising structure, process & attitudes in support of best practice“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4677.

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Industry-academia collaborative research has become a subject of increasing interest in recent years to academics, industrialists and policymakers due to greater awareness of the importance of such links for innovation and the knowledge-based economy. However, such collaborations are not always successful for reasons which are poorly researched. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the main factors that impede or enhance successful research collaboration. The research agenda is guided by a review of the current literature which indicates that the effectiveness of industry-academia collaborative research depends to some extent on the following factors: (i) the motivations/objectives for collaborative research, (ii) the modes of communication between collaborative partners, and (iii) the management of the collaborative process. The influence of each of these three factors on collaboration effectiveness is investigated using a conceptual model and two pieces of complementary fieldwork. The conceptual model illustrates the relationship between the three factors and the structure of collaboration, the collaborative process and the attitudes of collaborative participants. The fieldwork activities, which provide data on individual perceptions of industry-academia collaborative research experience, comprise an interview survey of collaborative research facilitators, and a questionnaire survey of students working on projects jointly supervised by academics and industrialists. Findings from these two activities are analysed in terms of their contribution to the existing literature on industry-academia collaboration and their conformity with the conceptual model. The perspectives of the research facilitators are also directly compared with those of the students. The results support current awareness in the literature that industry-academia collaborations are difficult to analyse and manage because of their diverse structures, their dynamic nature and the variety of factors that influence their effectiveness. Whilst the research findings do provide some indication of why collaborations succeed or fail and how they can best be managed, the fact that no two collaborations are the same in terms of motivations, objectives, structure, process, outcomes, type of participants, etc., precludes prescriptive generalisations. Suggestions for best practice include adopting an adaptable management structure and using a 'relationship management' approach for long term collaborative relationships.

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Boland, Brodie James. „Generative Disruption: The Subversive Effects of Collaboration“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386265167.

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Spaan, Mathew. „The Role and Structure of Mediating Entities in University-Community Partnerships: An Examination of Urban Routes“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,160.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Administration."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Kong, Xiang Jun. „The structure and evolution of research and development collaboration network :An example of monoclonal antibodies“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953255.

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Brennan, Nonie. „Exploring Sustained Collaborations: Activities and Behaviors That Make a Difference“. Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Management / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1568731826882641.

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Edwards, Jaimie Elizabeth. „Over the River and Through the Woods: Examining the Relationship between Network Structure, Collaboration and Geography“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98752.

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This dissertation analyzes the relationship between network structure, collaboration, and geography among food security organizations in the New River Valley of Virginia. As a way to better understand how purpose-oriented, service-delivery networks, this case study of the Thrive network examines the relationship between geography and collaboration. The food security organizations within the region were mapped to determine the structure of the network and data was compared to the geography of the region. The findings suggest that food security organizations do find geography as a barrier to collaboration in three ways. First, these organizations see geography as a cost to collaboration due to the increased need for logistics and resources. Second, geography creates interorganizational political and cultural boundaries. Third, many food security organizations view geography as a barrier to collaboration in terms of its relationship between the organization and its clients. Organizations that saw value in collaboration between organizations within the network found ways to overcome the barriers of geography.
Doctor of Philosophy
Networks enable organizations to work together in a way that helps solve social issues too large to be handled by single groups. This dissertation explores the way in which food security organizations collaborate in the New River Valley of Virginia and the ways in which this collaboration is impacted by geography. The findings suggest that geography is often an unclear concept that is conflated with multiple concepts such as organizational politics, client issues, and cultural boundaries, and that overcoming these barriers can be accomplished when goal congruence occurs.

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LI, CHUNYING. „Reduced variation in design andanalysis of lightweight welded structure : In collaboration with Bromma and Volvo CE“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217982.

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Caldas, Alexandre Paulo Fernandes Varela SimoÌƒes. „The structure of electronic scientific communication : electronic networks, research collaboration and the discovery of digital knowledge bases“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398788.

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Greening, Philip. „The influence of market structure, collaboration and price competition on supply network disruptions in open and closed markets“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8473.

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The relaxation of international boundaries has enabled the globalisation of markets making available an ever increasing number of specialised suppliers and markets. Inevitably this results in supply chains sharing suppliers and customers reflected in a network of relationships. Within this context firms buyers configure their supply relationships based on their perception of supply risk. Risk is managed by either increasing trust or commitment or by increasing the number of suppliers. Increasing trust and commitment facilitates collaboration and reduces the propensity for a supplier to exit the relationship. Conversely, increasing the number of suppliers reduces dependency and increases the ease of making alternative supply arrangements. The emergent network of relationships is dynamic and complex, and due in no small part to the influence of inventory management practices, tightly coupled. This critical organization of the network describes a system that contrary to existing supply chain conceptualisation exists far from equilibrium, requiring a different more appropriate theoretical lens through which to view them. This thesis adopts a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) perspective to position supply networks as tightly coupled complex systems which according to Normal Accident Theory (NAT) are vulnerable to disruptions as a consequence of normal operations. The consequential boundless and emergent nature of supply networks makes them difficult to research using traditional empirical methods, instead this research builds a generalised supply network agent based computer model, allowing network constituents (agents) to take autonomous parallel action reflecting the true emergent nature of supply networks. This thesis uses the results from a series of carefully designed computer experiments to elucidate how supply networks respond to a variety of market structures and permitted agent behaviours. Market structures define the vertical (between tier) and horizontal (within tier) levels of price differentiation. Within each structure agents are permitted to autonomously modify their prices (constrained by market structure) and collaborate by sharing demand information. By examining how supply networks respond to different permitted agent behaviours in a range of market structures this thesis makes 4 contributions. Firstly, it extends NAT by incorporating the adaptive nature of supply network constituents. Secondly it extends supply chain management by specifying supply networks as dynamic not static phenomena. Thirdly it extends supply chain risk management through developing an understanding of the impact different permitted behaviour combinations on the networks vulnerability to disruptions in the context of normal operations. Finally by developing the understanding how normal operations impact a supply networks vulnerability to disruptions it informs the practice of supply chain risk management.

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Gorbatai, Andreea. „Social Structure and Mechanisms of Collective Production: Evidence from Wikipedia“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10304.

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In my dissertation I propose three counterintuitive social mechanisms to alleviate the risk that collective production will fail to maintain participant involvement and respond to demand. My first study, based on a panel dataset of edits and views of articles in the English Wikipedia, shows that, although collective production lacks a price-like mechanism to estimate demand for the goods it produces, consumers’ contributions act as such a signal to expert producers. In the second paper I examine the theory that collective production participation is greatest when social norms of collaboration are obeyed. Using a large panel dataset of production networks and normrelated behavior in Wikipedia, I show that social norm infringement is not completely detrimental to participation because norm enforcement increases the likelihood that the beneficiary producer continues participating. In my third paper, I rely on interviews with experienced Wikipedia producers to examine whether producers’ ties to non-participants in collective production increase the likelihood of turnover, and whether producers’ embeddedness in collective production reduces turnover risk. Surprisingly, I find that producers with networks rich in ties to non-producers and with a task-oriented approach to collective production are those least likely to stop participating.

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Kelly, Eoghan, und Katharina Lange. „Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through enhanced cross-sector collaboration with a multi-stakeholder approach: A case-study on the Food Partnership of the city of Malmö“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21799.

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This research aims to explore the links between cross-sector collaboration, a holistic multi-stakeholder approach, and Sustainable Development, and identify whether such a holistic approach can lead to better collaboration processes, and ultimately results. Specifically, it focuses on sustainability in relation to food, through the lense of a qualitative case-study on the city of Malmö, which aims to identify and implement a more sustainable food system through the development of a Food Partnership where diverse stakeholders from across society are invited to actively engage in the process on a relatively equal basis. The study explores these theoretical concepts through the research question: How can a cross-sector collaboration with a holistic multi-stakeholder approach be developed and sustained in the pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals?The research uncovers the key factors which should be considered in order to form a holistic and long-term partnership, and based on these factors, an analytical framework is developed and used to assess the empirical findings and develop recommendations for the Malmö Food Partnership.This thesis provides a theoretical contribution by bridging the research gap between the concepts of cross-sector collaboration, a holistic multi-stakeholder approach and Sustainable Development. Furthermore, it also provides a practical contribution with its analytical framework model, which can be adapted to future partnerships for the Sustainable Development Goals in urban settings.

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Alvarez, Gabriela. „A dynamic view of network structure and governance mechanisms : the case of a coffee sector sustainable sourcing network“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4564.

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In the context of sustainable supply networks, this research analyzes the evolution of governance mechanisms and network structure, including the interplay between network conditions, context factors, positional power and managerial actions. The study reports on a longitudinal empirical research on a multi-stakeholder sustainable sourcing network established by Nespresso, Nestlé’s specialty coffee subsidiary. The research analyzes both dyadic and multi-actor network dynamics and proposes a framework to study network evolution. Social network analysis techniques are also used to measure evolution of the network's structure and complexity as well as positional power opportunities. The research shows that in the initial start-up phase, in a context marked by uncertainty, pre-existing commercial and personal relationships were favoured in the choice of partners. These pre-existing relationships were also influential in defining the initial network structure and supporting an initial phase of exploration. Governance mechanisms initially relied mostly on informal mechanisms, while formal mechanisms were incorporated over time to enable the supply chain network to grow and to provide clarity to all actors. As the sustainability programme network expanded in size and complexity, Nespresso, the lead organization, also acted on the network's structure by introducing regional offices, thus increasing network centralization and reducing complexity. Power derived by actors occupying central or brokerage positions in multiplex networks also influenced power relationships in the sustainability network by moderating or expanding the power opportunities available to central actors. The research has implications for both the Inter-organizational Relationship and the Social Network Theory literatures. In contrast with prior literature, the research proposes that in conditions of uncertainty, the use of informal governance mechanisms can facilitate a search and experimentation process. Formalization of governance mechanisms can be used, not as a repair mechanism, but rather as an enabler for further growth and efficiency. The research also extends the concept of network complexity and proposes that network managers can reduce this complexity by introducing or managing nodes that in turn contribute to the re-centralization of relationships towards specific nodes. Lastly, the research has implications for managers and proposes mapping of existing commercial and personal relationships as a potentially valuable tool in the creation and management of networks, adapting coordination mechanisms to the objectives of the relationship and actively managing the network's structure as a mechanism to enable network growth and efficiency.

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Baudin, Mathieu. „Piloter la Complexité : Utilisation de DSM et de l'algèbre d'intervalles d'Allen pour la planification collaborative“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0027/document.

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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de pilotage d'organisations complexes, ens'intéressant à de nouvelles méthodes de planification collaborative et d'optimisation d'interventions en environnements soumis à des rayonnements ionisants. En nous basant sur l'étude d'installations scientifiques et technologiques complexes tels que celles du CERN à Genève (Suisse) et de la GSI à Darmstadt (Allemagne), nous y analysons les besoins et contraintes de planification imposés par les environnements à risques en général, et par lesrayonnements ionisants en particulier. Les implications liées à la collaboration sont ensuite détaillées, et un modèle ontologique d'intervention est proposé afin de sélectionner les méthodes les plus adaptées au problème étudié. La méthode proposée dans cette thèse repose sur des techniques éprouvées en planification de projets ainsi qu'en conception de produits comme la Design Structure Matrix (DSM). Elle introduit en revanche dans ces domaines des méthodes habituellement rencontrées en intelligence artificielle : les algèbres temporelles qualitatives et la propagation des contraintes temporelles, ainsi que la recherche de compromis en cas de conflit. Cette « DSM Collaborative » a été implémentée dans une application prototype testée sur des cas pratiques au CERN et à la GSI, dont le premier est décrit dans l'ultime chapitre de cette thèse. C'est une approche qui place la ressource(essentiellement humaine) et les contraintes temporelles au coeur du processus de planification. Elle met l'accent sur la collaboration entre les différents participants, ainsi que sur la simulation et la comparaison multicritère de multiples scenarii plutôt que sur la recherche d'un unique optimum souvent irréalisable sur le plan pratique
This work proposes a methodology to handle complexity in organizations byfocusing on innovative and collaborative planning and scheduling methods dedicated to the optimization of interventions in environments emitting ionizing radiations. By taking as work environment highly complex and technological scientific facilities such as the ones of CERN in Geneva (Switzerland) and GSI in Darmstadt (Germany), we analyze the needs and requirements induced in intervention planning and scheduling by hazardous environments in general, and then more specifically by ionizing radiations. The implications of collaborative work are then scrutinized, and an ontological model for interventions is designed in order to select the methods best suited to our problem. The framework we present in this work relies on methods sucessfully used in project planning and scheduling and innovative product design like the Design Structure Matrix (DSM). It also introduces in these fields methods borrowed to artificial intelligence planning and scheduling such as the temporal qualitative algebras, constraint propagation, and the search of compromises in case of conflicts. This so called “Collaborative DSM” has been implemented in a prototype software application tested at CERN and GSI on practical applications. The very first one and its results are presented in the final chapter of this thesis. This framework aims at placing resources (mostly human resources) and temporal constraints at the heart of the planning and scheduling process. It focuses on collaboration between the different actors involved, from coordinators to technicians, and on simulation and multiple-criteria comparison of several scenarios, rather than searching for a unique optimum, which often tends to be non-practical, should one even be found

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Medappa, Poonacha. „Essays on Value Creation in the Open Source Phenomenon : Understanding the Influence of Work Structures, Team Composition, and Community Ideologies“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLH007.

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Cette thèse, composée de trois essais, explore les mécanismes de création de valeur associés aux structures de travail, à la composition d’équipes, ainsi qu’aux idéologies communautaires de projets de logiciels libres. Le premier essai examine la nature unique du travail open source, dominé par la superposition séquentielle de tâches individuelles. Cet essai théorise les mécanismes de motivation associés aux structures de travail des projets open source et examine leur influence sur la réussite des projets. Alors que le premier essai établit l’importance de l’organisation du travail par tâche dans les projets open source, le deuxième essai élargit l’enquête sur le rôle de la composition de l’équipe et de la gouvernance dans la réussite du projet. S'appuyant sur les théories de la coordination et de la gouvernance des réseaux, cet article étudie l'influence des restrictions d'accès au code source imposé aux membres de l'équipe pour atténuer les problèmes de coordination. Le troisième essai poursuit une vision globale de la communauté open source en examinant les fondements idéologiques de la communauté et étudie son influence sur le succès du projet. L’essai examine deux changements idéologiques observés dans la communauté de l’open source qui ont modifié les convictions d’ouverture et de prévention de l’appropriation commerciale, sur lesquels le phénomène de l’open source a été fondé
This dissertation comprising three essays explores the value creation mechanisms associated with the work structures, team composition, and community ideologies of open source software projects. The first essay examines the unique nature of open source work which is dominated by the sequential layering of individual tasks. This essay theorizes the motivational mechanisms associated with the work structures of open source projects and examines their influence on project success. While the first essay establishes the importance of task-work organization in open source projects, the second essay expands the inquiry into the role of team composition in the project’s success. Building on the theories of coordination and network governance, this essay studies the influence of source code access restrictions imposed on team members in mitigating coordination challenges. The third essay pursues an overarching view of the open source community by examining the ideological foundations of the community and studies its influence on project success. The essay scrutinizes two ideological shifts seen in the open source community that have altered the beliefs of ‘openness’ and ‘prevention of commercial appropriation’, on which the open source phenomenon was founded

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Sandqvist, Christina, und Aireen Vainio. „Samverkan mellan socialtjänst och friskola : - en intervjustudie med skolpersonal“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22545.

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Collaboration between social services and private schools – an interview study with school staff It is legislated that social services and schools should collaborate on issues concerning children in distress or at risk of being abused. The purpose of this study was to from the perspectives of school personnel in private schools investigate the collaboration between these elementary private schools and social services and to highlight suggestions for improvement. We conducted seven interviews with staff from three different private schools. From the perspectives of the interviewees the results indicated that there was no actual collaboration. We have analyzed the results with the help of organization theory and situational leadership theory. The study shows that the interviewed staff from the private schools wish for better and faster collaboration with the social services regarding children in distress or at risk of being abused, in order to better be able to support the children at school. The suggestions for improvement are that the social services should have a routine to provide feedback on each received report regarding concern for children and that there should be a possibility to ease secrecy. Keyword: Collaboration, consensus, private school, organizational structure, leadership
Det finns lagstadgat att socialtjänst och skola ska samverka i frågor gällande barn som far illa eller riskerar att fara. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur personal vid tre olika friskolor ser på samverkan mellan friskolor och socialtjänsten samt lyfta fram förslag till förbättringar. Vi genomförde sju kvalitativa intervjuer med personal från tre olika friskolor. Resultaten var till stor del entydiga om att det, från den intervjuade personalen på friskolornas perspektiv, inte existerar någon egentlig samverkan. Resultaten analyserades med hjälp av organisationsteori och situationell ledarskapsteori. Studien visar på att den intervjuade personalen vid de aktuella friskolorna önskar en bättre och snabbare samverkan med socialtjänsten kring barn som far illa eller riskerar att fara illa för att bättre kunna stötta barnet i skolan. De förslag på förbättringar som informanterna önskar är bland annat att socialtjänsten ska ha en rutin för att ge en återkoppling på varje inkommen orosanmälan samt att det ska finnas en möjlighet att lätta på sekretessen. Nyckelord: Samverkan, samsyn, friskola, organisationsstruktur, ledarskap

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Walker, Ayron Elizabeth. „An Exploration of the Structure, Issue Framing and Priorities of Virginia's Food Policy Groups to Collaborate on a Healthy, Resilient and Sustainable Food System“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90285.

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Food policy groups (FPG) have emerged in the United States (U.S.) to create healthy, resilient and sustainable food systems. There is a lack of research about FPG in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This M.S. thesis describes a mixed-methods study that investigated the structure, issue framing, activities and priorities of diverse FPG in Virginia to develop a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system framed around three research objectives. Objective one used a scoping review to inventory and visually map the location of Virginia's FPG. Objective two administered a validated, online questionnaire to document activities related to organizational capacity, social capital, context, effectiveness, and community outcomes. Objective three used a semi-structured interview guide to explore stakeholders' views about opportunities and challenges to align diverse FPG priorities and interests. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were transcribed, hand-coded, and analyzed for emergent themes. Results found that 58% of FPG (n=32/55) are located cities around universities (i.e., Richmond, Blacksburg and Charlottesville), and fewer located in rural counties with higher health outcomes. A majority (75%, n=12/16) operated on annual budget less than $50,000. A third (37.5%, n=6/16) reported food system resilience work and 50% (n=8/16) reported sustainability work. Stakeholders (n=11) reported collaboration as a mutual interest and necessary to address systemic challenges and all interviewed FPG (n=11) reported sustainable funding as a major challenge. The results of this study may inform future policies for Virginia's FPG to support a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system at local, state and national levels.
Master of Science
Since the 1980s, food policy groups (FPG) including councils, networks and coalitions in the United States (U.S.) and other countries have emerged to address food system issues such as food insecurity, food access, diet-related chronic diseases, the environmental impacts agricultural systems, poverty and economic development in communities. In 2016, 411 FPG were active in the U.S. and Canada to create healthy, resilient and sustainable food systems. There is a lack of research about FPG in the Commonwealth of Virginia. This M.S. thesis describes a study design to investigate how the structure, issue framing, activities and priorities of diverse FPG in Virginia can develop a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system. Results found that 58% of FPG (n=32/55) are located cities around universities (i.e., Richmond, Blacksburg and Charlottesville), and fewer located in rural counties with higher health outcomes. A majority (75%, n=12/16) operated on annual budget less than $50,000. A third (37.5%, n=6/16) reported food system resilience work and 50% (n=8/16) reported sustainability work. Stakeholders (n=11) reported collaboration as a mutual interest and necessary to address systemic challenge and all interviewed FPG (n=11) reported sustainable funding as a major challenge. The results of this study may inform future policies for Virginia’s FPG to support a healthy, resilient and sustainable food system at local, state and national levels.

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Malakauskaitė, Paulė. „Elektroninės vyriausybės projektų kūrimas virtualaus kolaboravimo metodu“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20140623_182744-38244.

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Darbo tikslas yra pateikti ir ištirti e-vyriausybės projektų kūrimo modelį, grindžiamą virtualių komandų kūrimu ir bendradarbiavimu virtualioje erdvėje. Siekiant šio tikslo atliekami uždaviniai: 1.Pateikti ir išanalizuoti e – vyriausybės projektų sampratą bei galimus elektroninės vyriausybės paslaugų kūrimo modelius. 2.Išanalizuoti realių projektų patirtis. 3.Ištirti virtualių komandų kolaboravimo procesus. 4.Pasiūlyti e-vyriausybės projektų kūrimo modelį, kuris padėtų panaudoti informacinių technologijų galimybes, įvairių sričių specialistų bei institucijų kompetencijas ir išteklius, kad būtų sukurtos ir efektyviai tiekiamos e-valdžios paslaugos. 5.Eksperimentiškai patikrinti šio modelio funkcionavimo ypatumus, panaudojant virtualių bendradarbiavimo projektų duomenis. Darbe yra sprendžiama mokslinė problema – koks modelis sudarytų galimybes efektyviai išspręsti elektroninės valdžios projektų kūrimo problemas. Darbo objektas – elektroninės vyriausybės projektai. Darbą sudaro įvadas, trys pagrindinės dalys ir išvados. Šio darbo rezultatai galės būti panaudoti realizuojant virtualaus bendradarbiavimo komandų metodą IT projektams kurti ir realizuoti, kuriant e-vyriausybės paslaugas. Darbą sudaro 67 puslapiai, 18 lentelių ir 28 paveikslėliai. Priede pateikiamas autorės rašytas ir publikuotas straipsnis.
The main purpose of this article is to present and research e – government project creation model, which is based on virtual team creation and communication in virtual space. The tasks of this article is to present e – government project definition and also to analyze projects experience, to research virtual teams collaboration processes, and to check by experiments offered model functional peculiarity, using virtual collaboration project information. The article is written based on analyzing research method – all the literature was analyzed and important information was systematized. Also process modeling method was used for process description and abstract method for final conclusions. It was two real virtual projects analyzed in this article, qualitative and quantitative analyses were made for both projects and structure models were drawn for them either. Functional possibilities of suggested model were summarized. There is offered e - government project creation model based on various competence specialist teams’ virtual collaboration using virtual collaboration tools. It is summarized real projects experience in the article using e – government creation six levels model and also the components of these projects. The article consists of 67 pages, 18 tables and 28 pictures.

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Hållstedt, Ulrika. „Inter-organizational Symbiotic Relationships : Key Factors for Success“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183782.

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This report focuses on governance mechanisms for industrial symbiosis (IS). The study takes an organizational approach on material and energy exchanges between different organizations (or different parts in the same organization) leading to increased regional resource efficiency. This project explores different strategies for governance mechanisms and analyzes how these affect trust. Significant factors for initiating and keeping a collaboration successful are also analyzed. Representatives from 24 Swedish cases of symbiotic arrangements are interviewed and ten themes affecting IS collaborations are identified. The themes are governance structure, shared vision, previous collaboration, local conditions, initiating a collaboration, activities to build trust, conflicts, transaction-based or goal-oriented approach, indicators and distribution of costs and benefits. Among the governance structures used are hierarchy (collaboration between different parts of the same organization), joint venture, strategic alliance and different types of agreements. Common is a 10-15 years agreement, sometimes combined with a strategic discussion about the development of the collaboration. Three factors particularly affecting collaborations are identified: strategic meetings, indicators related to the collaboration and fair profit distribution. The factor strategic meetings is about combining long term agreements with innovation. Long term agreements might be necessary when a project requires investments. Meanwhile, this can suppress innovation by supporting outdated solutions. The paradox of needing both long term agreements and continued innovation may be solved by the practice of having strategic meetings and contract surveillance. Another significant factor for successful collaborations is the use of jointly evaluated indicators. To jointly evaluate a project according to predetermined indicators gives all parties the opportunity to know when a collaboration is successful. The third significant factor is fair profit distribution. Unfair profit distribution may delay or stop a project. It may also decrease trust in an ongoing project. A fair profit distribution is a key factor for enabling long term relationships.
Den här rapporten studerar samarbetsformer för industriell symbios (IS). Fokus för den här studien är material- och energiutbyten mellan organisationer eller mellan olika delar i samma organisation som leder till regional resurseffektivisering. Val och implementering av samarbetsform analyseras i relation till förtroende mellan organisationer och lyckade samarbeten. Viktiga faktorer för att lyckas starta och bibehålla ett symbiossamarbete analyseras också. Representanter från 24 svenska fall av symbiotiska samarbeten intervjuas och deras svar analyseras utifrån tio teman: samarbetsform, gemensam vision, tidigare samarbete, lokala förutsättningar, att starta ett samarbete, aktiviteter för att bygga förtroende, konflikter, transaktionsbaserat eller målinriktat förhållningssätt, indikatorer och vinstfördelning. Bland de samarbetsformer som används återfinns hierarki (samarbete mellan olika delar i samma organisation), joint venture, strategisk allians och olika typer av avtal. Vanligt är avtal på 10-15 år, ibland kombinerat med en strategisk diskussion om samarbetets utveckling. Tre faktorer identifieras som extra viktiga vid symbiotiska samarbeten: strategiska möten, indikatorer relaterade till samarbetet och rättvis vinstfördelning. Strategiska möten handlar om att kombinera långsiktiga avtal med innovation. Långsiktiga avtal behövs ofta i symbiossamarbeten för att kunna göra investeringar. Samtidigt kan detta låsa fast utdaterade lösningar och försvåra innovation och utveckling. Att ha avtalsbevakning och en strategisk diskussion kring utveckling av samarbetet har identifierats som ett sätt att lösa detta på. En annan betydande faktor för lyckade samarbeten är gemensamma indikatorer relaterade till samarbetet. Att gemensamt utvärdera samarbetet enligt uppsatta indikatorer ger alla parter möjlighet att veta när ett samarbete lyckats. Den tredje identifierade faktorn är rättvis vinstfördelning. Orättvis vinstfördelning kan stoppa eller försena ett samarbete. Det kan också urholka parternas förtroende till varandra. En rättvis vinstfördelning kan däremot skapa förtroende och är en nyckelfaktor till ett långsiktigt samarbete.

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Methi, Lina Mmakgabo. „Exploring how a school community copes with violence“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26122.

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My study is informed by a partnership initiated between Gun Free South Africa and the Department of Education (District Tshwane South) with the concern of addressing violence in schools. Schools are often seen as professionalised and distant from their local communities. Learners belong to the very communities that are distanced from the school. They bring to school the unresolved issues from their families and interpersonal relations within the community. The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of violence by a school community and how they cope with it. The study was informed by a qualitative and instrumental case study design within an interpretivist paradigm. Furthermore, the study was guided by an integrated conceptual framework derived from an asset-based and ecosystemic model, coping theories and the management system adapted from Babbie (2001). To address this I incorporated a variety of strategies such as interviews, collages, timeline and concept mapping through which a crystallisation of data could be obtained. I also used informal observations and visual data as additional data generating methods. Through a thematic analysis approach the study reveal the existence of violence as a challenge to the school community, and impacts directly or indirectly to their well-being. The study has further indicated that the perpetrators are known to the victims. The findings of the study suggest that on the basis of the integrated conceptual framework support structures could be mobilized, building partnerships between local schools and the community to provide a firm foundation for educational renewal and community regeneration and to contribute directly to the strengthening and development of the school community. The information gathered might also assist policy developers in developing support and intervention programmes for the restoration of school safety. Copyright
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
MEd
unrestricted

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Rubeš, Milan. „Kooperační model pro oblasti architektury a integrace“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165923.

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In today's economics, medium and large-size companies are trying to gain a competitive advantage from specialization and centralization of supporting services. This trend affects also areas of enterprise architecture and integration where they establish particular teams to support the disciplines in regular manner. Despite a lot of research activities oriented towards these topics, there are only a few focusing on organizational aspects and cooperation between enterprise architecture and integration teams. As the companies are on different levels of the maturity in both areas and focusing on different aspects of architecture and integration, there is no simple solution that could provide detailed guidelines for establishing the right cooperation approach. Goal of this dissertation is to propose a cooperation model for architecture and integration teams that should make cooperation between such teams more efficient. Integral part of the dissertation is to verify the model in real environment. The model is built on top of integration activities performed either in enterprise architecture or integration teams or both. These activities are categorized into particular integration areas and relations are identified between integration areas and architecture areas defined according to TOGAF architecture framework. The resulting model is then being used to depict various kind of cooperation between architecture and integration teams based on the companys' integration goals. Verification of the model is performed in financial enterprise in two cases and confirms the benefits of the model.

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Mattia, Arnaud de. „From emission line galaxy spectroscopic surveys to cosmological constraints : from eBOSS to DESI“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP010.

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Les relevés spectroscopiques de galaxies sont riches d'information cosmologique. Les ondes acoustiques qui se sont propagées dans l'Univers primordial ont laissé une signature dans la distribution de matière, appelée oscillations acoustiques de baryons (BAO), à une échelle caractéristique de 150 mégaparsecs. Mesurer cette échelle dans la distribution des galaxies permet de sonder le taux d'expansion de l'Univers au cours de son histoire. Par ailleurs, les mesures des décalages spectraux des galaxies sont sensibles à leur vitesse particulière (RSD), permettant par là même de mesurer le taux de croissance des structures et de tester la relativité générale à grande échelle. Cette thèse est consacrée à la mesure par spectre de puissance des BAO et des RSD dans l'échantillon de 173 736 galaxies à raies d'émission (ELG) de la collaboration eBOSS, à un décalage spectral effectif de 0.85. Un soin particulier a été apporté à la validation de l'implémentation du modèle théorique du spectre de puissance des galaxies, et à l'estimation et correction des systématiques observationnelles, grâce à des simulations réalistes. Les principales systématiques observationnelles de ce relevé proviennent des fluctuations de la densité de cibles avec la qualité de l'échantillon photométrique utilisé pour eBOSS, dont une version plus récente est exploitée pour le relevé spectroscopique de nouvelle génération DESI. En particulier, en plus de notables fluctuations dans la densité angulaire de cibles, de fortes variations de densité en décalage spectral ont été notées en fonction de la profondeur de l'imagerie, un effet mineur dans les autres relevés d'eBOSS. Les variations résiduelles de densité angulaire ont été atténuées en supprimant le contraste de densité au-delà d'une certaine échelle, tandis que les fluctuations dans la fonction de sélection radiale ont été prises en compte en divisant le relevé en sous-ensembles de profondeur photométrique équivalente. Ce faisant, le spectre de puissance mesuré est amorti à grande échelle, ce qui nécessite de corriger la prédiction théorique par des termes dits de contrainte intégrale, un projet original de cette thèse, qui a aussi permis d'améliorer certains procédés des analyses réalisées jusqu'alors. Les mesures RSD et BAO obtenues avec les ELG d'eBOSS sont combinées avec celles des autres relevés de grandes structures de la collaboration SDSS, et les implications cosmologiques sont exposées. Cette thèse se termine par un bilan des différentes systématiques observationnelles et d'analyse entachant la mesure cosmologique, et de pistes pour contrôler le budget systématique des futurs relevés spectroscopiques, comme DESI
Spectroscopic galaxy surveys contain a wealth of cosmological information. Acoustic waves that propagated in the primordial Universe left a signature on the matter distribution, called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), at a characteristic scale of 150 megaparsecs. Measuring this standard ruler in the distribution of galaxies provides access to the expansion history of the Universe. In addition, redshift measurements of galaxies are sensitive to their peculiar velocities (RSD), allowing to probe the growth rate of structure and test general relativity on large scales. This thesis is dedicated to the power spectrum analysis of BAO and RSD in the sample of 173,736 emission line galaxies (ELGs) of the eBOSS collaboration, at an effective redshift of 0.85. Special care was devoted to validate the implementation of the galaxy power spectrum theoretical model, and to estimate and correct observational systematics, with the help of realistic simulations. The main observational systematics of this sample stem from fluctuations of the galaxy target density with the quality of the photometric sample used for eBOSS, which is an early version of that utilised in the next generation spectroscopic survey DESI. In particular, besides the noticeable fluctuations of the angular density of targets, strong variations in the redshift density with imaging depth were noted - an effect which is usually assumed to be minor. Residual variations of the angular target density were mitigated by suppressing the density contrast above a certain scale, while fluctuations in the radial survey selection function were accounted for by dividing the data set in subsamples of equivalent photometric depth. Doing so, the measured galaxy power spectrum is damped at large scale, which requires to correct the theoretical prediction for the so-called integral constraints, an original work of this thesis that also allowed to improve some techniques of clustering analyses. The RSD and BAO measurements obtained with eBOSS ELGs are combined with the results from the other clustering samples of the SDSS collaboration, and cosmological implications are presented. This manuscript ends with a recap of different observational and analysis systematics hindering the cosmological measurements, and gives ideas to control the systematic budget of future spectroscopic surveys, like DESI

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Hisarciklilar, Onur. „Formes et structures des annotations sémantiques pour supporter la communication en conception collaborative asynchrone“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419297.

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Les processus de conception collaborative actuels comprennent un nombre important de situations coopératives dans lesquelles des participants géographiquement distribués, issus de différents domaines d'expertises, ont besoin de construire une compréhension mutuelle afin d'évaluer collectivement les solutions de conception. Les représentations tridimensionnelles de produit sont souvent utilisées dans ces situations comme l'artefact partagé entre les participants. Malgré l'avancement de technologies de Travail Collaboratif Assisté par Ordinnateur, la communication asynchrone reste difficile. Ceci est lié au manque d'une part de fonctionnalités permettant aux participants d'éliciter des informations tacites sur les représentations 3D et, d'autre part, à l'absence des mécanismes pour soutenir la communication argumentative. La question adressée dans cette thèse est de savoir comment les annotations peuvent être utilisées sur des représentations 3D pour soutenir la communication asynchrone, afin de permettre un partage plus efficace de l'information. Les contributions de ce travail incluent (1) un modèle d'annotation qui permet d'exprimer l'intention de conception, (2) une structure d'annotation qui facilite la compréhension de l'information en unifiant les dimensions communicatives et informationnelles du contenu de l'annotation, (3) un répertoire d'annotation afin de faciliter la recherche et la réutilisation des annotations, (4) l'environnement Annot'Action, une implémentation informatique des concepts proposés.

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Hisarciklilar, Onur. „Formes et structures des annotations sémantiques pour supporter la communication en conception collaborative asynchrone“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0130.

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Les processus de conception collaborative actuels comprennent un nombre important de situations coopératives dans lesquelles des participants géographiquement distribués, issus de différents domaines d'expertises, ont besoin de construire une compréhension mutuelle afin d'évaluer collectivement les solutions de conception. Les représentations tridimensionnelles de produit sont souvent utilisées dans ces situations comme l'artefact partagé entre les participants. Malgré l'avancement de technologies de Travail Collaboratif Assisté par Ordinnateur, la communication asynchrone reste difficile. Ceci est lié au manque d'une part de fonctionnalités permettant aux participants d'éliciter des informations tacites sur les représentations 3D et, d'autre part, à l'absence des mécanismes pour soutenir la communication argumentative. La question adressée dans cette thèse est de savoir comment les annotations peuvent être utilisées sur des représentations 3D pour soutenir la communication asynchrone, afin de permettre un partage plus efficace de l'information. Les contributions de ce travail incluent (1) un modèle d'annotation qui permet d'exprimer l'intention de conception, (2) une structure d'annotation qui facilite la compréhension de l'information en unifiant les dimensions communicatives et informationnelles du contenu de l'annotation, (3) un répertoire d'annotation afin de faciliter la recherche et la réutilisation des annotations, (4) l'environnement Annot'Action, une implémentation informatique des concepts proposés
Today's collaborative design processes are characterized by an increasing number of co-operative situations, where geographically distributed participants from different domains of expertise are required to build mutual understanding of the ongoing design context, in order to collectively evaluate design solutions. 3D product representations are often used in these situations as common artefacts between the participants. In spite of the current CSCW technologies, asynchronous communication with 3D representations remains difficult. This is due to the lack of functionalities that allow the participants expressing the tacit design information on the 3D models and of mechanisms that support the participants to realise argumentative communication. The main problem addressed in this work is how the annotations can be used in 3D representations to support asynchronous design communication, in order to allow the design participants sharing and debating design information more systematically. The outcomes of this work include (1) an annotation model, allowing participants to express their design intent along with information conveyed, (2) an annotation structure, facilitating the accurate interpretation of information by unifying communicative and informational dimensions of the annotation content, (3) an annotation repository to improve annotation retrieval and re-use, (4) the Annot'Action environment as an implementation of the proposed concepts

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Mansoorian, Mahfarid [Verfasser], Elke [Akademischer Betreuer] Pahl-Weber, Asef [Akademischer Betreuer] Bayat, Asef [Gutachter] Bayat und Elke [Gutachter] Pahl-Weber. „Linking conflict and collaboration; bottom-up urban regeneration within top-down structure of urban policy in Istanbul and Tehran / Mahfarid Mansoorian ; Gutachter: Asef Bayat, Elke Pahl-Weber ; Elke Pahl-Weber, Asef Bayat“. Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164076531/34.

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Stern, Elin, und Erica Börjesson. „Psykiatrins arbetsprocess : En sociologisk kartläggning och granskning av arbetsprocessens relation till den formella strukturen“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54613.

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The main purpose of this study is to survey and reach an understanding of how the practical work in psychiatry at times depart from the organization’s stated formal structure. To find the material that would give us the answers we read the organizations own documents about the formal structures form and also we had five interviews. All the tutors are involved in one way or another with the psychiatric and the forensic process. .Job titles vary in order to access information from different parts of the process and get multiple perspectives. The data was analyzed with sociological concepts and a more comprehensive theory. Some of the concepts are “formal structure”, “cooperation”, "the relationship between freedom and constraint” and “gräsrotsbyråkrater”. The theory that we used to examine the material is W. Meyer and Rowans theory about how the formal structure of an organization and business is only a myth and ceremony. The result of the study indicates that a plurality of elements has an impact on why the difference between the formal structure and the practical process exists. The loose constraint leads to a wider freedom of action that gives a varied embodiment within the different workgroups. It becomes a habitual pattern in the practical process and the looks of the formal structure is not a priority. The practical process is not aligned with the formal structure and that causes problems. The cooperation is affected negatively and becomes inexplicit and the workgroups can form how the duties are done instead of the organizational management plan (the formal structure). That brings the opportunity to decide and claim that the own group does it better so cooperation partners is excluded in the practical process, when they actually are supposed to be included according to the formal structure.

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Baudin, Mathieu. „Piloter la Complexité : Utilisation de DSM et de l'algèbre d'intervalles d'Allen pour la planification collaborative“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0027.

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Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de pilotage d'organisations complexes, ens'intéressant à de nouvelles méthodes de planification collaborative et d'optimisation d'interventions en environnements soumis à des rayonnements ionisants. En nous basant sur l'étude d'installations scientifiques et technologiques complexes tels que celles du CERN à Genève (Suisse) et de la GSI à Darmstadt (Allemagne), nous y analysons les besoins et contraintes de planification imposés par les environnements à risques en général, et par lesrayonnements ionisants en particulier. Les implications liées à la collaboration sont ensuite détaillées, et un modèle ontologique d'intervention est proposé afin de sélectionner les méthodes les plus adaptées au problème étudié. La méthode proposée dans cette thèse repose sur des techniques éprouvées en planification de projets ainsi qu'en conception de produits comme la Design Structure Matrix (DSM). Elle introduit en revanche dans ces domaines des méthodes habituellement rencontrées en intelligence artificielle : les algèbres temporelles qualitatives et la propagation des contraintes temporelles, ainsi que la recherche de compromis en cas de conflit. Cette « DSM Collaborative » a été implémentée dans une application prototype testée sur des cas pratiques au CERN et à la GSI, dont le premier est décrit dans l'ultime chapitre de cette thèse. C'est une approche qui place la ressource(essentiellement humaine) et les contraintes temporelles au coeur du processus de planification. Elle met l'accent sur la collaboration entre les différents participants, ainsi que sur la simulation et la comparaison multicritère de multiples scenarii plutôt que sur la recherche d'un unique optimum souvent irréalisable sur le plan pratique
This work proposes a methodology to handle complexity in organizations byfocusing on innovative and collaborative planning and scheduling methods dedicated to the optimization of interventions in environments emitting ionizing radiations. By taking as work environment highly complex and technological scientific facilities such as the ones of CERN in Geneva (Switzerland) and GSI in Darmstadt (Germany), we analyze the needs and requirements induced in intervention planning and scheduling by hazardous environments in general, and then more specifically by ionizing radiations. The implications of collaborative work are then scrutinized, and an ontological model for interventions is designed in order to select the methods best suited to our problem. The framework we present in this work relies on methods sucessfully used in project planning and scheduling and innovative product design like the Design Structure Matrix (DSM). It also introduces in these fields methods borrowed to artificial intelligence planning and scheduling such as the temporal qualitative algebras, constraint propagation, and the search of compromises in case of conflicts. This so called “Collaborative DSM” has been implemented in a prototype software application tested at CERN and GSI on practical applications. The very first one and its results are presented in the final chapter of this thesis. This framework aims at placing resources (mostly human resources) and temporal constraints at the heart of the planning and scheduling process. It focuses on collaboration between the different actors involved, from coordinators to technicians, and on simulation and multiple-criteria comparison of several scenarios, rather than searching for a unique optimum, which often tends to be non-practical, should one even be found

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Deacon, M. „Distributed Collaboration: Engineering Practice Requirements“. Thesis, Linkt to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/755.

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Zimmerman, Kristin Michelle. „Designing and prototyping networked collaborative play structures“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98745.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 42).
Much of children's play time has shifted from outdoor activities to human-screen interactions on smart devices. While the digital world offers many creative play outlets that would be impossible in the physical world, the physical world has a wealth of hands-on learning and cooperative play opportunities that should not be overlooked. Networked Playscapes is a project which merges electronics with physical play to re-imagine playgrounds in a way that appeals to 21st century children. There are many new forms these play structures could take; this thesis will focus on bringing one of these concepts to life. The concept for the play structure is one that no kid can easily resist: bubble wrap. A pair of large, reinflatable bubble wrap systems was designed and a proof-of-concept prototype was constructed. Each system consists of a series of "bubbles" that will pop when pressed. The systems will network over the internet so that popping a bubble in one location pops it in the other. This simple, playful interaction, completed from two geographically and culturally disparate locations, encourages collaboration and competition between both those interacting side by side and those interacting through telepresence.
by Kristin Michelle Zimmerman.
S.B.

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Lin, Winston Huairen. „Extracting ontological structures from collaborative tagging systems“. Thesis, School of Information Technologies, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12116.

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Muriithi, Petronilla Muthoni. „Academic research collaborations in Kenya : structure, processes and information technologies“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/72602b18-6384-4848-90fc-ffbf341d547b.

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This thesis is an investigation of the organisation and conduct of academic research collaborations in Kenya and the factors shaping them. This contributes to an understanding of the status and processes involved in collaborative research, and how this is affected by the associated research environments, important in informing best practice in improving and promoting collaborative research. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become indispensable tools for supporting collaborative work. This thesis also discusses the role ICTs are playing in collaboration processes, and the factors contributing to their adoption and use within the studied community. Factors and variables identified as affecting the processes of collaborative research from a range of models, theories and frameworks in past studies were analysed for their effects within the Kenyan context. A mixed methods research design was adopted. Data collection involved a quantitative survey involving 248 academic members of staff in four disciplines across four major Kenyan universities. This was supplemented by semi-structured in-depth interviews with selected individuals within the studied population. In addition, this was complemented by an extensive document review that targeted university websites, repositories and policy documents.

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Bernardo, Daniel. „Never Odd Or Even: Using Temporal Structures In Composing Music For Dance“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115047/.

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This study engages the collaboration of dance and music, focusing primarily on experiences in the production of a large scale collaborative concert entitled Never Odd or Even. Famous historical collaborations offer archetypal collaborative models, the more unconventional of which are applied to the pieces of the concert. Issues and observations regarding cross-influence, project evolution, and application of the collaborative models are engaged to determine effective means of collaboration given different circumstances. The key focus of the study, the temporal relationship between music and dance, is explored in great detail to determine three models for relating time between music and dance. These temporal relationship models are applied to the pieces and evaluated on effectiveness and potential strengths when applied to dance.

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Chebab, Zine Elabidine. „Conception et commande collaborative de manipulateurs mobiles modulaires (C3M3)“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC070/document.

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Dans un contexte d’Industrie 4.0, on perçoit de nouveaux usages possibles des manipulateurs mobiles (MMs), des robots généralement obtenus par l’association d’un bras manipulateur et d’une plate-forme mobile. Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur la synthèse et la commande de nouveaux MMs coopératifs en définissant trois défis à relever. Le premier défi concerne l’élargissement des domaines d’utilisation des robots par la possibilité de leur utilisation coopérative. Nous définissons ainsi un système robotique modulaire basé sur l’utilisation d’entités robotiques appelés mono-robots (m-bots). Ceux-ci sont des MMs qui peuvent se réarranger sous forme de poly-robot (p-bot) pour réaliser une tâche en collaboration. Le deuxième défi se focalise sur la définition de l’architecture cinématique élémentaire de ces robots. Ainsi, nous proposons une démarche générique de synthèse structurale qui permet l’obtention de plusieurs architectures de m-bots respectant les cahiers des charges relatifs à la tâche en tant que m-bot, mais aussi en tant que p-bot pour un environnement considéré. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse structurale des MMs à l’aide des paramètres structuraux des mécanismes (connectivité, mobilité, redondance et hyperstatisme). Le troisième défi proposé est d’arriver à modéliser et contrôler les architectures de MMs synthétisées pour la tâche. Deux lois de commande (PID et hybride force-position) sont proposées pour la réalisation de la tâche considérée. Leur validation a été réalisée grâce à des simulations avancées
In recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 has led to new possibilities of use for mobile manipulators (MMs) that are generally made of a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The current Ph.D. is focused on the synthesis and control of new cooperative MMs by defining three challenges. The first challenge concerns the widening of the fields of application of robots. Therefore, we define a modular robotic system based on the use of multiple MMs (mono robots or m-bots) that can be used as a global system (poly-robot or p-bot) for collaborative tasks. The second challenge concerns the definition of the kinematic structure of the MMs. We propose a new generic method of structural synthesis that allows to obtain multiple kinematic architectures for m-bots that respect the constraints imposed by the task and the workspace. This method is based on structural analysis of MMs by the evaluation of the structural parameters (connectivity, mobility, redundancy and overconstraint). The last challenge concerns the modelling and control of the new architectures for the new fields of application. Two control laws (PID control and hybrid force-position control) are proposed in order to realise the considered task. Their validation is done with advanced simulations

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Puzio, Pasquale. „Structured P2P Video Streaming and Collaborative Failure Detection“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4122/.

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Il video streaming in peer-to-peer sta diventando sempre più popolare e utiliz- zato. Per tali applicazioni i criteri di misurazione delle performance sono: - startup delay: il tempo che intercorre tra la connessione e l’inizio della ripro- duzione dello stream (chiamato anche switching delay), - playback delay: il tempo che intercorre tra l’invio da parte della sorgente e la riproduzione dello stream da parte di un peer, - time lag: la differenza tra i playback delay di due diversi peer. Tuttavia, al giorno d’oggi i sistemi P2P per il video streaming sono interessati da considerevoli ritardi, sia nella fase di startup che in quella di riproduzione. Un recente studio su un famoso sistema P2P per lo streaming, ha mostrato che solitamente i ritardi variano tra i 10 e i 60 secondi. Gli autori hanno osservato anche che in alcuni casi i ritardi superano i 4 minuti! Si tratta quindi di gravi inconvenienti se si vuole assistere a eventi in diretta o se si vuole fruire di applicazioni interattive. Alcuni studi hanno mostrato che questi ritardi sono la conseguenza della natura non strutturata di molti sistemi P2P. Ogni stream viene suddiviso in blocchi che vengono scambiati tra i peer. A causa della diffusione non strutturata del contenuto, i peer devono continuamente scambiare informazioni con i loro vicini prima di poter inoltrare i blocchi ricevuti. Queste soluzioni sono estremamente re- sistenti ai cambiamenti della rete, ma comportano una perdita notevole in termini di prestazioni, rendendo complicato raggiungere l’obiettivo di un broadcast in realtime. In questo progetto abbiamo lavorato su un sistema P2P strutturato per il video streaming che ha mostrato di poter offrire ottimi risultati con ritardi molto vicini a quelli ottimali. In un sistema P2P strutturato ogni peer conosce esattamente quale blocchi inviare e a quali peer. Siccome il numero di peer che compongono il sistema potrebbe essere elevato, ogni peer dovrebbe operare possedendo solo una conoscenza limitata dello stato del sistema. Inoltre il sistema è in grado di gestire arrivi e partenze, anche raggruppati, richiedendo una riorganizzazione limitata della struttura. Infine, in questo progetto abbiamo progettato e implementato una soluzione personalizzata per rilevare e sostituire i peer non più in grado di cooperare. Anche per questo aspetto, l’obiettivo è stato quello di minimizzare il numero di informazioni scambiate tra peer.

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Canizo, Thea Lynne. „Establishing collaborative structures and relationships: Teacher leaders' experiences“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280159.

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The purpose of this study was to explore teacher leaders' experiences as they attempted to establish collaborative structures and relationships resulting in improved science instruction at their schools. Teacher leaders were middle school science facilitators, full-time classroom teachers who acted as liaisons between the science teachers at their schools and a change initiative funded by the National Science Foundation. This was a qualitative study, using interviews to create a case study. The researcher used a three-part interview design developed by Seidman (1991). Six research questions served as a framework for the data analysis. Participants identified the following as factors which contributed to their success: support from the principal, other science teachers, central staff personnel, and the district-wide group of science facilitators; professional development; and the successful completion of a scope and sequence for science instruction. Factors identified as hindering their success were: lack of support or conflict with the principal; resistance to change; time constraints; a district policy which limited meeting time; teacher and administrator turnover; tension between the middle school and junior high school models; and personal doubts. From descriptions of their understanding and exercising of leadership, the researcher concluded that teacher leaders had become empowered. The school culture was seen to have a great effect on teacher leaders. The contrasts between a school with a positive culture and another school in disarray were presented. Structures such as summer institutes and release time during the school day were identified as critical for giving teachers the time needed to establish more collaborative working relationships. Once greater trust and understanding were present, teachers were better able to examine their teaching practices more critically. Participants identified mentoring of new members, a continuing role for science facilitators, and central support as necessary for ensuring the sustainability of the changes made during the years of the grant initiative. The researcher concluded that teacher leaders can be a powerful force for bringing about change in schools when provided with training and time during the school day to work with colleagues.

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Noggle, Matthew K. „Win - Win: A Case Study of Collaborative Structures Between Labor and Management“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/64085.

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Educational Administration
Ed.D.
While society has begun its evolution from the industrial age to the information age, most teacher unions continue to pattern their behavior after the industrial model of unionism focusing almost exclusively on salary, benefits and working conditions. In some school systems, though, teacher unions and management are questioning the legitimacy of their adversarial relationships. They are beginning to abandon the belief in the separation of traditional labor and management roles, and replacing it with a collective operational model that offers promise for significant educational reform and improved employer-employee relations. This expanded scope of union activity is attempting to include non-traditional issues, such as teacher professional development, teacher quality, instructional delivery, student achievement standards and educational reform, as well as mechanisms that are highly flexible and reactive to immediate need (Koppich, 2005; Urbanski, 1998). The purpose of this case study was to uncover the events that led to formation of collaborative structures at each of the study sites, gain insight in the collaborative activity that is occurring, better understand the impact of collaboration on the collective bargaining process, and attempt to understand the various challenges to collaboration at each study site. Data collection for this case study relied heavily on intensive personal interviews. Study participants were selected from school systems that have strong collaborative relations between the district administration and the teachers' union. Care was given in the selection of diverse school systems and in different regions of the country. Contractual language from the negotiated agreement also provided additional supporting data. The convergence of this data resulted in a greater understanding on the formation and maintenance of collaborative structures. The results of this study exposed that there are, in fact, strong models of collaboration between labor representative groups and management. The work that is occurring in these school districts is significantly transforming labor relations and impacting student educational experience. Leaders for both management and labor have largely abandoned their traditional roles and relinquished power in favor of working more cooperatively for the betterment of all within the organization. At each site, many collaborative byproducts have emerged to address a plethora of identified needs and goals. The collaborative relationship has also impacted the collective bargaining process, as the parties attempt to more creatively address all issues that either party raises as a concern. Greater respect for the role of unions and management has also emerged, as participants began to realize that they shared more in common than previously thought. The participants in school systems with strong collaborative relations have also demonstrated that they are anxious to share their knowledge and experience with others, as evidence by their participation in informal networks like Teacher Union Reform Network (TURN), as well as with researchers interested in collaboration between labor and management.
Temple University--Theses

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Joosse, Alexandra Pocek. „Power in Collaborative Networks“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577215.

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The research described herein focuses on understanding the effects of power on the processes and outcomes of collaborative networks. Power is conceptualized from a structural perspective, as the dependence that exists in the relationships that tie network participants together. Using the method of social network analysis, the dissertation first validates a measure of structural power in collaborative networks, betweenness centrality. It then examines the effect of uneven distributions of structural power among participants on an important variable for these networks: cohesion, as measured from a behavioral perspective. This effect is examined from the perspective of two levels of analysis: the whole network level and the working group level. The results indicate that structural power has a variable effect on cohesion, depending on the level of analysis. At the whole network level, uneven distributions of power negatively affect the cohesive behavior of participants. At the working group level, on the other hand, the relationship between the variables is curvilinear. Finally, the effect of structural power on three dimensions of participant satisfaction is examined: process satisfaction, human capital satisfaction, and outcome satisfaction. The research finds that being in a power disadvantaged position affects how participants rate their satisfaction with the process of collaboration.

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Hall, Christopher Aaron 1964. „Organizational Support Systems for Team-Based Organizations: Employee Collaboration through Organizational Structures“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279218/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between organizational support and Effectiveness, Empowerment, and team characteristics. Support was operationalized by nine systems: Executive Management, Direct Supervision, Group Design, Performance Definition, Performance Review, Training, Rewards, Information, and Integration. Support was rated in two ways: how important is support for performing work (Importance scales), and how does support describe work environments (Presence scales).

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Runnels, Vivien E. „Experiences of Governance in the Context of Community-Based Research: Structures, Problems and Theory“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19936.

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Governance is a response to a recognition that traditional forms of decision-making have become inadequate to address complex societal and health problems generated by significant social and global changes (Chhotray & Stoker, 2009). The contributions of scientific and technical knowledge towards solving these complex problems have also been recognized as insufficient (Jasanoff, 2007). Community-based research (CBR) is an approach to research which is designed to make use of the knowledge of community and university members and their participation and collaboration ―in all phases of the research process, with a shared goal of producing knowledge that will be translated into action or positive change for the community‖ (Lantz, Israel, Schulz & Reyes, 2006, p. 239). However, although the contributions of lay knowledge have been acknowledged, how governance or collaborative decision-making is arranged in the context of community-based research is not well described in the literature. In order to address this knowledge gap, a study was undertaken in which in-depth interviews were conducted with community and university members of Canadian CBR collaborations to determine their governing experiences. Results are reported in a thesis by research papers. The first paper focuses on describing the governance structures that CBR collaborations used. In the second paper, the nature and content of problems which occurred in governing CBR collaborations, point to the importance of theory for conceptualizing and solving governance problems. To develop a theory of participation in governance of community-based research, the third paper uses Arnstein‘s theory of participation to propose a grounded theoretical basis for implementing participation in governance of CBR collaborations (Arnstein, 1969). Governance is a means of organizing, shaping and steering a course of decision-making. Governance is a critical component in the organization of knowledge production. Study and theory of governance in community-based research may help in improving understanding and implementation of a critical population health practice.

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Meurant, Cyrus Louis. „The Bow and the Lyre: Harmonious structures and opposite tensions – collaboration and extramusical inspiration in composition“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21143.

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This folio of compositions and accompanying exegesis represents a wide range of works often created in response to briefs from musicians, choreographers, directors and other advisors. The works demonstrate, to varying extents, how approaches towards the consideration of a work’s utility, genre and extramusical inspiration are intrinsically manifest in the compositional processes employed. Beginning with Monday to Friday – a work composed for installation in care homes and informed by literature pertaining to the use of music in dementia care – the discussion initially relates to ideas surrounding how consideration of a work’s utility can directly influence the underlying theoretical approach to its creation. Following on, the Concertino for clarinet and string quartet is representative of approaches pertaining to the generation of form through content informed by concepts of genre. Music composed in relation to literary and extramusical stimulus is then presented in the string orchestra work Vessel (including introductory Prelude) along with the 1-hour dance work Le Petit Prince. All these compositional strategies culminate in the opera Herakleitos which sets selected surviving fragments of the philosopher Heraclitus in a series of seven tableaux for three singers and chamber ensemble. The work endeavours to open a theatrical and interrogative framework whereby multiple layers of historical meaning can be considered in tandem with Heraclitus’ ideas, epoch and legacy. Ultimately the endeavour of these compositions is the cultivation of a musical art which promotes immediate audience engagement and active listening, often as a basis for interdisciplinary collaboration. Genre, utility, metaphor, and cross disciplinary collaboration informed by a deep desire to create an art which is open to a wide scope of interpretation – for both performers and listeners – are the key tenets of these works.

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KAYA, DILAN. „Intra-organizational collaboration for innovation. : Understanding the dynamics of formal and informal structures“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263170.

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Digitalization has led to a higher speed of product development and increased competition on the market. This has impacted how firms organize and manage innovation activities, where firms need to have certain abilities to quickly respond to the external environment in order to stay competitive in dynamic markets. As obtaining innovation capabilities internally require large amount of R&D expenditures, there are several strategies a firm can pursue in order to innovate more efficiently; such as pursuing an Open Innovation landscape, and investing in strategic alliances. However, as these strategies come with additional challenges and costs, focus has instead been turned to the internal environment, and collaborating more effectively internally for innovation purposes has received new light in recent research. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the underlying structures and mechanisms of intra-organizational collaboration for innovation. Previous research on internal collaboration for innovation have investigated the formal and informal structures for knowledge sharing and joint problem solving. In this stream of research, there has been both consistent and mixed results on the enablers of collaboration. Firstly, previous research is consistent with the importance of trust and social interactions for informal collaboration. However, there exists mixed results on the impact of centralization on collaboration. Therefore, this thesis aimed to shed a new light on this topic, and answer the research question: What are the enabling factors for formal and informal collaboration? In an attempt to answer the research question, a qualitative study consisting of 13 interviews with innovation practitioners and corporate executives in the organizational setting of an IT-service company was conducted. The interviews aimed at providing insights on how collaboration for innovation across units and individuals was carried out, and were carefully recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The findings revealed both support for previous theory as well as provided with new insights, stating that centralized decision making, managers’ self-interest and a clear mandate enables formal collaboration; while decentralized decision making, social connections, employees’ mindset and geographical proximity enables informal collaboration. Particularly important for enabling informal collaboration is the possibility for social interactions between employees, their level of organizational awareness and their mutual trust. Furthermore, the results highlighted the presence of interdependencies between the enabling factors, and provided with a new insight on the impact of centralization by clarifying when and how centralization is an enabler of collaboration, and where firms benefit from decentralized decision making instead. The results indicate that centralized decision making enables collaboration on a strategic “macro” level, and decentralized decision making enables collaboration on a “micro” level.
Digitaliseringen har både lett till ökad produktutvecklingshastighet och ökad konkurrens. För att kunna anpassa sig till förändringar på marknaden och fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga, måste bolag besitta vissa färdigheter och förutsättningar för att innovera. Då interna innovationsaktiviteter kräver kostsamma resurser, finns det ett antal strategier för att istället bygga på sig kompetenser genom externa samarbeten, såsom öppen innovation och strategiska partnerskap. Däremot kommer dessa med egna utmaningar och kostnader, vilket på senare tid har lett till ett nytt fokus på den interna miljön, och ett nytt ljus riktats mot forskning inom internt samarbete för innovation. Denna studie ämnar därför att utforska de underliggande strukturerna och mekanismerna bakom intern kollaboration för innovation. Tidigare forskning inom ämnet har tittat på de formella och informella strukturerna för intern kunskapsdelning och gemensam problemlösning för innovation. Här har tidigare forskning varit entydig i att sociala interaktioner och tillit är viktigt för informell kollaboration, däremot har påverkan av centralisering visat motsägelsefulla resultat. Därför ämnar denna studie i att svara på forskningsfrågan: Vilka faktorer möjliggör formell och informell kollaboration? I syfte att svara på frågan har en kvalitativ studie bestående av 13 intervjuer med innovatörer och bolagschefer på en IT-tjänstfirma utförts. Intervjuerna ämnade ge insikt på hur kollaboration för innovation över avdelning-, och individnivå skedde, varvid de spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades enligt ett antal metoder. Resultaten delvis bekräftade tidigare forskning, och delvis bidrog med ett antal nya insikter, genom att peka på att centraliserad beslutsfattande, ledares egenintresse och tydliga mandat möjliggör för formell kollaboration; och decentraliserat beslutsfattande, sociala kontakter, medarbetares tankesätt och geografisk närhet möjliggör informell kollaboration. Viktigt specifikt för informell kollaboration var möjligheten för sociala interaktioner och ömsesidig tillit mellan medarbetare, samt nivån på deras kunskap om organisationen. Ytterligare upptäcktes en växelverkan mellan olika möjliggörande faktorer för formell och informell kollaboration, samt en ny insikt om när, hur, och var nivån av centralisering gör nytta för kollaboration. De empiriska resultaten pekade på att centraliserade beslut möjliggör på en strategisk, “makro”-nivå, medan decentraliserade beslut möjliggör på en lägre, “mikro”-nivå.

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Clarke, Amelia Caroline. „Implementing regional sustainable development strategies: Exploring structure and outcomes in cross-sector collaborations“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92204.

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Social problems are often too large for any one organization to solve, so are increasingly addressed through multi-organizational, cross-sector collaborations which formulate and implement collaborative strategies. This PhD dissertation examines the implementation of collaborative regional sustainable development strategies (CRSDSs), which are bound by a local region and involve numerous partners, including businesses, universities, governments and NGOs. Formulating these strategies has become increasingly popular, so there is a real need for relevant theory. Generally, when multiple organizations formulate a CRSDS, a new interorganizational structure is created as part of the implementation. Structure can broadly be characterized in terms of partners, forms (e.g., committees, etc.) and processes (e.g., decision-making, monitoring, etc.). This study consists of two parts: a census of the structures being used for the 27 CRSDS in Canada; and in-depth case studies of four of these.
This research contributes to both theory and practice. Theoretically, it brings the literature on collaborative strategic management together with the practical challenge of regional sustainable development, illustrating three possible levels at which implementation can occur: a regional partnership; issue-based joint projects involving a sub-set of partner organizations and, possibly, additional organizations from outside the partnership; and individual partner organizations. The research identifies four archetypal structures for implementation of CRSDSs: 1) Implementing through Joint Projects; 2) Implementing through Partner Organizations; 3) Implementing through a Focal Organization; and 4) Informal Implementation. The study also proposes five types of outcomes against which the implementation of CRSDSs can be evaluated plan, organizational, process, action and personal. Analysis of the case studies identifies seven organizational outcomes stemming from CRSDSs gained knowledge, built relationships, accessed marketing opportunities, accessed business opportunities, experienced increased resource demands, made progress toward sustainability goals, and made internal structural changes and explores the relationship between these and the four archetypes. Finally, a closer examination of plan outcomes for two substantive issues, greenhouse gas reductions and air quality improvements, suggests specific structural features which enable the achievement of these.
In terms of practical contributions, the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs of the archetypes are discussed, so this research helps those organizations undertaking CRSDSs to consider their implementation options.
Les collaborations entre organisations et intersectorielles qui formulent et mettent en uvre des stratégies permettent de plus en plus de faire face à un nombre de problèmes sociaux trop vastes pour être résolus par une seule organisation. Cette thèse doctorale examine la mise en uvre des stratégies collaboratives de développement régional durable qui se concentrent sur une région locale et impliquent plusieurs partenaires, dont les entreprises, les universités, les gouvernements et les organisations non gouvernementales. La formulation de ces stratégies est devenue populaire, d'où la nécessité d'une théorie pertinente. En général, lorsque plusieurs organisations formulent une stratégie collaborative de développement régional durable, elles créent une nouvelle structure interorganisationnelle comme partie intégrante de la mise en uvre. Une structure peut être définie au sens large en termes de partenaires, formes (par exemple, comités) et processus (par exemple, prise de décision et suivi, etc.). Cette étude comprend deux parties : une recension des structures utilisées, par les 27 stratégies collaboratives de développement régional durable au Canada, et des études approfondies de quatre de celles-ci.
Les apports de cette recherche sont de nature théorique et pratique. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude relie les recherches sur la gestion stratégique collaborative et les défis pratiques du développement régional durable, en mettant en évidence trois niveaux possibles de mise en uvre des partenariats régionaux: un partenariat régional; des projets centrés sur des enjeux qui impliquent un sous-ensemble d'organisations partenaires et, le cas échéant, d'autres organisations extérieures au partenariat et, enfin, des organisations partenaires individuelles. Cette recherche identifie quatre archétypes structurels de mise en uvre des collaborations: 1) la mise en uvre à travers des projets conjoints; 2) la mise en uvre à travers les organisations partenaires; 3) la mise en uvre par une organisation centrale et 4) la mise en uvre informelle. En outre, cette recherche propose cinq formes de résultats pour évaluer ces collaborations: le plan, les résultats organisationnels, le processus, en matière d'action et personnels. L'analyse de quatre cas identifie sept résultats pour les organisations : acquisition de connaissances, construction de relations, accès à des opportunités de marketing, accès à des opportunités d'affaires, modifications des pressions sur les ressources, progression vers l'atteinte des objectifs de durabilité, et changements structurels. Cette étude explore la relation entre ces résultats et ces quatre archétypes. Enfin, un examen détaillé des résultats du plan sur deux enjeux substantifs, la réduction des gaz à effet de serre et l'amélioration de la qualité de l'air, suggère que des caractéristiques structurelles spécifiques contribuent à la réalisation de celles-ci.
Sur le plan de la pratique, cette recherche identifie les avantages, les inconvénients et les dilemmes de ces archétypes. Elle aidera les organisations qui souhaitent participer à ces collaborations régionales à identifier leurs options de mise en uvre.

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Johnson, Christopher Lowell. „Supporting Transitions of Homeless Youth: Evaluating Residential Program Frameworks, Structure and Educational Collaborations“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27034.

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With varying definitions and reports of appropriate transitions to independent living situations, it is difficult to decipher which residential models and approaches have the greatest impact on homeless youth. This project was guided by six research questions that focused on the residential structure and programming frameworks of programs serving runaway and homeless youth. Invited to participate in the study were 299 organizations operating 519 residential programs across the United States. Electronic surveys were sent to identified organizations and were followed by paper surveys. The researcher eventually received 71 completed surveys that were categorized as runaway minor and homeless youth programs. The project findings included differences between the two groups of programming including time spent with case manager (minors m = 156.76 minutes / young adults m = 104.17 minutes), length of stay (minors m = 21.47 days / young adults m = 538.94 days), and reasons for program termination including lack of follow through with case plan, unauthorized guests, and nonpayment of program fees. Similarities found between the two groups included minimum staff requirements, programming frameworks and frequency of programming follow-up. Respondents provided qualitative insight to preferable formal educational characteristics that they had found to be beneficial to the youth that they serve. Respondents indicated that educational culture and services had the greatest impact on runaway minors and homeless youth. Respondents also provided qualitative feedback as to the differences in programming structure and frameworks required when serving street, systems and former foster youth. Conclusions were drawn from the findings providing discussion topics of accessing collateral information and using standardized intake assessments, maintaining low-barrier admission programs, the difference between case management quality and quantity, the specialized needs of homeless youth subpopulations, program continuums and stand alone programs, and educational flexibility, services and partnerships.

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