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1
黎祝齡 und Chuk-ling Julian Lai. „The effects of examination stress on secretory immunity“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234239.
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2
Kinsey, Steven G. „Behavioral and immunological effects of repeated social defeat“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1171579586.
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3
Van, der Merwe Elanza. „Infertility-related stress and specific aspects of the marital relationship“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4099.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In all or most cultures, the experience of infertility has the potential to threaten the well-being of individuals and relationships. The marital relationship of couples experiencing infertility might be impacted negatively by infertility-related stress. This study aimed primarily to examine the nature of the relationship between perceived infertility-related stress, experienced by husbands and wives in infertile couples, and four specific aspects of the marital relationship. In addition, it was examined whether there were significant differences in four specific aspects of the marital relationship between infertile couples at the onset of different types of infertility treatment, and a pregnant control group. This cross-sectional, baseline study utilised standardised self-report questionnaires to make onceoff assessments of infertility-related stress and four specific aspects of the marital relationship: communication, satisfaction with the sexual relationship, intimacy, and marital adjustment. The demographic characteristics of the participants were also recorded. A total of 84 women and 32 men from two infertility clinics in the Western Cape (N = 116) were studied. From calculating Pearson correlation coefficients, highly significant correlations (p < .001) were found between infertility-related stress and all aspects of the marital relationship as measured in this study. Multiple regression analyses revealed communication as an important predictor of aspects of the marital relationship, in addition to infertility-related stress as a predictor. ANOVAs revealed no significant differences in specific aspects of the marital relationship between the infertile groups and the pregnant control group. The findings suggest that high levels of infertility-related stress might be detrimental to the wellbeing of the marital relationship of couples experiencing infertility. In addition, the importance of communication as a buffer against the potential negative effects of infertility-related stress was emphasised. Future research should incorporate a longitudinal design and investigate the nature of the relationship between infertility-related stress and the marital relationship.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Infertiliteit word in alle of die meeste kulture beskou as ’n krisis wat die welstand van individue en verhoudings kan bedreig. Die huweliksverhouding van pare wat infertiliteit ervaar kan negatief beïnvloed word deur infertiliteitsverwante stres. Die primêre doelstelling van hierdie ondersoek was om die aard van die verhouding tussen waargenome infertiliteitsverwante stres, soos ervaar deur die mans en vroue in infertiele pare, en vier spesifieke aspekte van die huweliksverhouding te ondersoek. Bykomend is daar ook ondersoek of daar beduidende verskille voorgekom het in vier spesifieke aspekte van die huweliksverhouding tussen infertiele pare aan die begin van verskillende tipes van infertiliteitsbehandeling en ‘n swanger kontrolegroep. Hierdie deursnee-, basislyn ondersoek het van gestandaardiseerde selfrapporteringsvraelyste gebruik gemaak ten einde eenmalige assesserings te doen van infertiliteitsverwante stres en vier spesifieke aspekte van die huweliksverhouding: kommunikasie, tevredenheid met die seksuele verhouding, intimiteit, en huweliksaanpassing. Demografiese besonderhede van die deelnemers is ook ingesamel en aangeteken. In totaal het 84 vrouens en 32 mans (N = 116) van twee infertiliteitsklinieke in die Wes-Kaap aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Met die berekening van Pearson korrelasiekoëffisiënte is hoogs beduidende korrelasies (p < .001) gevind tussen infertiliteitsverwante stres en die vier gemete aspekte van die huweliksverhouding. Op grond van meervoudige regressieontledings het kommunikasie na vore gekom as ‘n belangrike voorspeller van aspekte van die huweliksverhouding, bykomend tot infertiliteitsverwante stres. ANOVA’s het geen beduidende verskille in spesifieke aspekte van die huweliksverhouding tussen infertiele groepe en die swanger kontrolegroep getoon nie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat hoë vlakke van infertiliteitsverwante stres nadelig kan wees vir die huweliksverhouding van pare wat infertiliteit ondervind. Daarbenewens moet die belangrikheid van kommunikasie as ‘n buffer teen die potensiële negatiewe gevolge van infertiliteitsverwante stres beklemtoon word. Toekomstige navorsing sal baat by ’n longitudinale ontwerp en daar behoort voortgegaan te word met ondersoeke na die verband tussen infertiliteitsverwante stres en die huweliksverhouding.
4
Khan, Saeeda S. „Neighbourhoods, stress and distress“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81498.
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This study examines stress and distress experienced by working age individuals in the urban environment. The goals of this research are twofold: (1) to test for a social gradient in stress and distress; and (2) to test for environmental effects on the reporting of stress and distress, specifically focussing on variations in stress and distress across neighbourhoods in Montreal. Montreal was selected as the focus of this study because it is a large metropolitan region with some of the highest income disparities in Canada. Individual-level logistic regression models and multilevel analyses of the 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey were applied to identify the determinants of stress and distress and to determine the degree of variation in stress (n = 1944) and distress (n = 1836) captured at the neighbourhood level. Results showed that a social gradient exists with distress in Montreal, but not stress, and that neighbourhoods have an effect on distress above and beyond individual characteristics.
5
Walker, Douglas W. (Douglas Wallace). „Effects of Experimental Psychological Stress on Human Physiological Functioning: Mediation by Affiliation“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277708/.
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This investigation sought to identify differences in the human psychophysiological stress response when mediated by affiliation, by assessing heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), electrodermal activity (EDA), serum Cortisol (SC) concentration, interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentration, and state anxiety among subjects who underwent an anagram solution task. Thirty male subjects from the University of North Texas were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions and asked to solve a series of difficult anagrams either alone or with a companion. Subjects assigned to the control condition were asked to copy permutations of the anagrams. Before, and immediately after the anagram/copying tasks HR, SBP, DBP were measured, blood samples drawn, and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) administered to all subjects. EDA was measured throughout all trials. Changes from baseline through the experimental period for all dependent variables were analyzed by employing difference scores derived from contrasting baseline and experimental measures. These scores were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) resulting in one significant between group effect among all dependent variables examined. Contrary to stated hypotheses, the alone condition significantly differed from the companion and control conditions by demonstrating a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline through the experimental period. It was concluded that the decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline through the experimental period for the alone group was a result of chance sampling of individuals possessing unique psychophysiological response patterns. Appraisals of inter-group differences in response patterns across all dependent variables suggest that an insufficient stressor, and limitations in design, statistical analysis, and measurement may have contributed to this investigation's results. Implications of findings were discussed along with suggestions for future research.
6
Morgan, Mary Helen. „Superfund communities and psychological stress : does a correlation exist between living in a superfundcommunity and high levels of psychological stress?“ Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28760.
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Van, Stavel Rosemary. „Effects of exercise on stress : a meta-analysis“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30159.
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Physical exercise is frequently prescribed by clinicians and researchers as an effective stress reduction technique. There has been some research to support this assertion, however the research has been varied in its methodological rigor. The design problems, variations in exercise programs, and the use of a wide range of psychological measures have made results difficult to interpret. Additionally, the psychological benefits and underlying change processes have not been clearly delineated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the research in this area in an attempt to answer specific questions regarding the role of exercise in stress reduction. This meta-analytic approach was
chosen because it permits the quantitative integration of findings of several studies and consideration of the variables that may influence the variance in study outcomes. The effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for stress, the type of exercise that was most beneficial, and the type of individual who gained the most from the exercise intervention was examined.
The 61 effect sizes, which were calculated from 24 studies included in the meta-analysis, were coded along with other variables considered important. Study components such as design type, stress level, type of exercise program, program length, frequency of exercise sessions, attrition rate, psychological measure, composition of sample, gender, and
study type were coded as independent variables. Effect size
was the dependent variable. Analysis of variance revealed that
exercise was an effective stress reducer, stressed people
gained a greater stress reduction effect than minimally
stressed people, and there were no differences between trait
and state anxiety reduction from pre- to post-exercise
program. In addition, a one-way ANOVA indicated that there was
a significant difference between program lengths. Examination
of the means revealed that an 8- to 12-week program was most
effective in reducing stress. Although there was a greater effect size for unpublished studies than published studies, the pattern of change for each study type was similar.
The significance of these results and recommendations for future studies are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
8
Goyal, Neha Godiwala. „The Impact of Cancer-Specific Stress on Psychological, Physical, and Immunological Responses in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437104095.
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Wardak, Abdul Wali. „An investigation of some psychoneurotic and cardiovascular aspects of traumatic stress in displaced populations“. Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337239.
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Kauffman, Jane B. „The relationship between habitual thoracic breathing and self reported stress levels“. Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902484.
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This study addressed the location of the breathing movement and its relationship to stress levels. Sixty-three Ball State students voluntarily participated by completing the A-State and A-Trait forms of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Under the pretense that they would be questioned about music later, each participant also listened to preselected music for about 4 minutes in both seated and reclining positions. The participants were unaware that their breathing was being observed. During the listening portion of the study from behind a one-way mirror, 3 trained observers rated each breath as either thoracic or non-thoracic. The percentage of total breaths that were thoracic was calculated for each subject in both positions. Interrater reliability was determined inadequate for data of participants in the reclining position. The scores on the STAI and the percentage of thoracic breaths were the variables analyzed. A Pearson R correlation was then used to test the hypotheses. Null hypothesis 1, that there is no relationship between percentage of total breaths that are thoracic in a seated position and scores for AState, was upheld. Also, no relationship was found between percentage of total breaths that are thoracic in a seated position and scores for A-Trait, therefore, null hypothesis 2 was also upheld. This study also found that 71% of the participants breathing style is primarily thoracic. These findings and procedural effects on the outcome as well as implications for further research were discussed.Fisher Institute for Wellness
11
Gagné, Marie-Anik. „Worry and the traditional stress model“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/NQ44434.pdf.
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Moomaw, Michael E. „Work and nonwork stress : effects on job performance“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30287.
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Oosthuizen, Janine Dalnet. „The relationship between stress and salutogenic functioning amongst employees in a state owned enterprise“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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&lsquoHuman capital&rsquo
is the buzzword of the 21st century and is becoming the core value of organisations. In South Africa it is estimated that more than R500 million is lost annually through absenteeism and loss of productivity as a result of stress. Employees are key contributors to the bottom-line and should be selected, placed and applied in such a way that the company only benefits from their output. Therefore, if the human element is a crucial element it becomes essential for the organisation to nurture, protect and optimise individuals to their full potential.
There is a fair degree of agreement on the variables that act as organizational stressors, however, studies on stress and salutogenic functioning in a state owned enterprise have not been found. According to the literature, salutogenic factors function as generalised resistance resources and a high score on sense of coherence, as well as an internal locus of control correlates with low scores on stress. The present research has a general aim of exploring the relationship between stress and salutogenic functioning, within a state owned enterprise. The levels of stress were correlated with the presence of high or low levels of sense of coherence and whether the individuals display an internal or an external locus of control. A sample of 240 employees (N=240) was used from the organisation.
The following questionnaires were utilised to measure the range of variables. Levels of stress were measured by the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ). Whereas the salutogenic construct, sense of coherence was measured by the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and the second salutogenic construct, locus of control, was measured by the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The statistical analyses included inferential (correlation, t-test and analysis of variance) and descriptive statistics. The results demonstrated significant relationships between low stress levels, sense of coherence and internal locus of control. As such, salutogenic functioning in terms of sense of coherence and locus of control, had a significant correlation with levels of stress.
14
Lilly, Debra L. „Anger expression and blood pressure : the influence of self- consciousness“. Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862263.
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The validity of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) for use with adolescents was investigated. Also, a path model of blood pressure based on the cognitive social learning theory was tested using sets of biological (i.e., family history of hypertension and age), psychological (i.e., public self-consciousness, private self-consciousness, suppressed anger and outwardly expressed anger), and lifestyle (i.e., relative weight and smoking) variables.Subjects were 169 female and 124 male adolescents from the southeastern United States. Parents provided information about the subjects' family history of hypertension and health. Subjects completed the SCS and Anger Expression Scale and a health questionnaire. Subjects' blood pressures, weights, and heights were assessed. Data from all subjects were used for the SCS analyses. Data from 36 subjects who reportedly had health problems or used drugs with cardiovascular effects were excluded from the path model analyses.The SCS data were factor analyzed. Based on the initial analysis, four items were excluded from the data. The subsequent factor analysis suggested that the SCS is a valid measure of the dimensions of self-consciousness in adolescents. Test-retest reliabilities and internal consistencies of the SCS showed reasonable reliability. Comparisons of the SCS scores between college students and adolescents and between female and male adolescents were made.The path model was tested separately for males and females on both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), using hierarchical multiple regression analyses of sets. Although the variables collectively explained a significant amount of variance in DBP and SBP for both sexes, few had significant direct and total effects on DBP and SBP, and none had indirect effects on DBP or SBP. Sex differences emerged in the variables' effects on DBP and SBP and the variables' effects on other variables. DBP and SBP increased as relative weight increased for both sexes. No other variables influenced SBP or DBP for males or SBP for females. Females with a positive family history of hypertension had higher DBPs. Females' DBPs decreased as private self-consciousness increased. The implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
15
Lee, Ka-kui, und 李家駒. „Music therapy on mechanically ventilated patients in reducing psychological and physiological distress in ICU and HDU“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44623987.
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16
France, Christopher R. (Christopher Robert). „Cardiovascular responses to psychological stress and caffeine“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74649.
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While considerable information exists regarding the independent effects of caffeine and psychological stress on cardiovascular activity, there is relatively little information on their combined effects. Since caffeine may enhance cardiovascular responsivity to psychological stress, research on hemodynamic responses to caffeine-stress combinations may help elucidate mechanisms of hypertension development. In a series of studies, regular consumers of caffeine were exposed to laboratory and naturalistic stressors with and without prior caffeine intake. Among the findings were (1) caffeine and stress produced additive increases in blood pressure, (2) caffeine appears to potentiate beta-adrenergic responsivity to active coping, but not passive coping, stressors, (3) caffeine enhanced emotional responses to stress, and (4) cardiovascular responses to caffeine and stress in a naturalistic setting were similar to those observed in the laboratory. These results indicate that caffeine may enhance cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress, and that these responses may contribute to risk for essential hypertension.
17
Adler, Perry S. J. „Cardiovascular and emotional reactivity to stress in offspring of hypertensives“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36949.pdf.
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Flor, Karen K. „The relationship between personality hardiness, stress and burnout in selected collegiate athletes“. Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020159.
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The relationship between hardiness, stress and burnout has been established in occupational settings (Kelley, 1994; Talarico, 1989; Topf, 1989). This relationship has not been established with athletic populations, however. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between personality hardiness, perceived stress and burnout in a selected sample of collegiate athletes. Participants were 181 male (n=129) and female (n_=52) Division I athletes from three Midwestern universities representing four sports (baseball, softball, tennis and track). Each subject was asked to complete a survey - consisting of the Third Generation Hardiness Test, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - during the regular season and at least 24 hours prior to an athletic contest. It was hypothesized that hardier athletes would report lower levels of perceived stress and burnout, and that higher levels of stress would be related to higher levels of burnout. Pearson product-moment correlations supported the hypothesized relationships.School of Physical Education
19
Ditton, Donna S. „Humor, stress, coping, and communication apprehension : a test of empirical relationship“. Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864917.
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The purpose of this study was to test the relationship among sense of humor and three constructs: stress, humor as a coping mechanism, and communication apprehension. The participants were 352 midwestern university students. Respondents answered Likert type scales regarding the constructs.Pearson's correlations were computed to test the hypotheses and research questions. The results show significant, though not strong, relationships among all variables regarding sense of humor: stress, humor as a coping mechanism, and communication apprehension. The relationships between sense of humor and the two constructs, stress and communication apprehension, are unexpectedly positive. There are nonsignificant results between communication apprehension and stress.Since the results between sense of humor and stress are contrary to previous research and this is an original test between sense of humor and communication apprehension,further research is indicated. Future reliability and validity checks on the instrument are necessary.Department of Speech Communication
20
Clarke, Kristine Marie. „Effects of graded and steady exercise and self-confidence on stress“. PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3758.
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This study examined the effects of steady, graded, and no exercise on stress reduction, and the effects of self-confidence on stress reduction through exercise. Seventy-two male and female volunteers from the Portland area, ranging in age from 19-49 years, served as subjects. Subjects completed pre and post measures of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the state portion of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Subjects were divided into two experimental and one control group matched according to age and exercise history. The control group kept its exercise at a minimum for eight weeks. Exercise programs for the two experimental groups consisted of twelve minute work bouts on ergometers three times per week, for eight weeks. Work bouts were at a seventy percent maximum heart rate. Due to attrition and a random drop of subjects in the control group, thirty-one subjects remained. Analyses found a significant stress reduction for the steady exercise group (t = -2.81,p = .017), but not for the graded or no exercise group. Stress reduction was negatively correlated with self-confidence, though not significantly, and no significant differences were found between the self-confidence scores. A significant correlation was found between pre-stress scores and preself- conf idence scores (r = -.306,p = .04).
21
Priester, Michael J. „Evaluating reactions to stress following a naturalistic stressor“. Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040623/.
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Gillespie, Betty Lynn. „The Feminine Gender Role Stress Scale: Development, Factor Analysis, and Preliminary Validation“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31759.
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The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure of feminine gender role stress appraisal (FGRS), the cognitive tendency to appraise threats and challenges to femininity as stressful. Stressors particularly salient for women were identified. Through factor analysis these stressors were categorized as situations involving emotional detachment, evaluation of physical attractiveness, potential victimization, assertive coping, and evaluations of nurturance. The FGRS appraisal style should create additional stress in the lives of women to the extent they are faced with these types of stressors. Thus, it was predicted that women high on FGRS would be more vulnerable to stress related disorders that disproportionately afflict women. Supporting this hypothesis, women with high FGRS scores reported more depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety. Additionally, the psychometric properties of the FGRS scale were investigated. Women scored higher on FGRS than men and scores among women showed good two week testretest reliability. The tendency to appraise situations on the FGRS scale as stressful was moderately associated with the tendency to perceive masculine threats and challenges and daily hassles as stressful as well. Discriminant validity was demonstrated between FGRS appraisal and the expression of hostility and self-perceived femininity.Master of Science
23
Berard, Raymond. „Psychiatric aspects of haematological malignant disease : the Groote Schuur experience“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25946.
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Burkhart, Brian. „The influence of life stress on athletic performance and occurrence of injury among intercollegiate track and field throwing event athletes“. Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115742.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if life stress had any affect on athletic performance and the occurrence of injury. The athletes in this study ranged in age from 17 to 22, and all had the potential and ability to practice and compete at the Division I level in track and field. The goal of the researcher was to collect as much information as possible on each athlete. Each athlete was required to write in a daily journal. A standard set of questions were asked in interviews prior to competition and following competition. Each athlete completed two types of scales prior to competition as well: Everyday Problem Scale (EPS) and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Through this information five common trends emerged: injury with treatment, external distractions, a higher performance was perceived if their family and friends were present at competition, teammate support, and teammate frustration.The researcher believed there was sufficient evidence to dismiss the comparison between the five common trends and the scores of the SCAT and EPS. The SCAT scores were mainly at the moderate level. The average score among all the athletes was approximately "19" or moderate. The EPS dealt with life stress and not athletic stress.The most frequently cited concern by the athletes were financial problems, difficulties with a girlfriend, wanting a relationship with someone, and so forth, but none were consistently cited.The perception of the stressor was an important factor in this study since the athletes perceived each competition either as distressful or eustressful. Depending on how much the athlete perceived each competition as a stressor may have effected his performance. Few stressors were identified but depending on the competition the athlete may have focused so much on the stressor that it became distressful while at another competition the same stressor was not focused on as much so it was viewed as eustressful.School of Physical Education
25
Frazer, Kirk Jack. „Factors affecting coaches with stress and burnout“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2896.
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26
Kestenbaum, Naomi R. (Naomi Ruth). „The role of dietary restraint and weight in stress-induced eating“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39758.
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This thesis examined the effects of weight and dietary restraint on eating at times of emotional distress. The emotional reactivity of subjects differing in weight and restraint was also examined. Forty female and 40 male subjects were classified as high, moderate, or low on Body Mass Index (BMI), and as high, moderate, or low on each of the factors of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ; Stunkard & Messick, 1985). Mood was manipulated by exposing all subjects to a challenging cognitive task, which had been made insoluble for half the subjects. All subjects were then asked to taste and rate a variety of cookies. Mood was evaluated using self-report measures and by monitoring changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and skin conductance. Distressed male subjects with high scores on two TFEQ subscales were found to eat significantly more than their non-distressed counterparts. Female subjects with high scores on the third TFEQ subscale were shown to eat less when distressed. Weight was found not to have a significant effect on the amount consumed by male or female subjects. There was some evidence to suggest that females with high scores on two TFEQ subscales are more emotionally reactive than those scoring lower. The evidence for increased reactivity in restrained males was weaker. There were no differences in reactivity as a function of BMI. Differences in emotional reactivity could not account for observed differences in eating among groups varying in restraint. The results suggest that, as has been found for female subjects in other studies, restrained males are also susceptible to the breakdown of control that leads to overeating in the face of distress. They should be included in future examinations of restraint.
27
Petaishiski, Jayme Nichole. „The buffering effects of perceived fitness on stress reactivity“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2212.
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This study addresses the effects of the changing workforce and the physiological and psychological benefits of fitness. The purpose of this experiment is to test the relationship between situational stressors, perceived fitness, exercise locus of control, self-control, and perceived stress.
28
Roberson, Mary Larson. „How Parenting Stress and Discouragement Impact Functioning Within Stepfamilies“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4295/.
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The study analyzed how parenting stress and discouragement affect stepfamily functioning. Whether the parent was a biological parent or stepparent, whether the stepparent was a stepmother or stepfather, or whether the marriage had been formed more or less than two years was also considered. One assumption made was that increased parenting stress and discouragement will lead to decreased family functioning. Other assumptions were that there will be more increased parenting stress and discouragement and decreased family functioning found in stepparents than biological parents, in stepmothers more than stepfathers, and in parents in families formed less than two years more than those in families formed more than two years. Complete data was collected from 30 subjects. Three instruments were used in the study. The Parenting Stress Index measures how much stress parents experience in areas relating to how they see their child and how they see themselves as parents. The Discouragement Scale for Adults was developed to measure the Adlerian concept of discouragement in an adult population. The Family Assessment Device measures how a family functions.
29
Jacobs, Laurie Marie. „Work Stress Reactivity and Health Outcomes: A Study of Nurses“. PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1515.
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Negative events encountered in daily life influence individual well-being. Individuals vary in their reactivity to these events, the extent to which they are behaviorally, physiologically, and psychologically influenced by them (Almeida, 2005; Neupert, Almeida, & Charles, 2007). Reactivity to events in the form of changes in health behavior could represent either an attempt at coping (Cooper, Frone, Russell, & Mudar, 1995) or a stressor-related failure of self-control (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). Such changes in behavior could have later effects on health.
Although a great deal of attention has been paid to both the immediate and long-term effects of stressors on individuals, little is understood about the potential relationship between these immediate and long-term consequences. Exploration of this connection could not only expand the understanding of the relationships between stressors, behavior, and well-being, but also inform intervention strategies.
One important domain in which stressors occur is work; certain occupations such as nursing expose individuals to a greater likelihood of experiencing stressors simply by nature of the tasks and/or environment involved. As a nursing shortage continues, stress is in fact one of the most-often cited reasons for nurses to leave the profession (Cangelosi, Markham, & Bounds, 1998). Using a sample drawn from the Oregon Nurse Retention Project and the relatively novel statistical method of slopes-as-predictors, I examined the relationships between work stressors and nurses' health behaviors (alcohol consumption, diet, exercise) and then used those relationships as predictors of follow-up outcomes (depression, life satisfaction, perceived health).
Significant variability was found for five combinations of stressors and health behaviors, indicating that varying patterns of health behavior reactivity were indeed present in this sample; moreover four of those five stressor-behavior (reactivity) slopes emerged as significant predictors of later health and well-being. Notably, reactivity in the form of increased days of exercise during weeks of greater demands or negative events was associated with lower depression scores, and reactivity in the form of increased days of exercise during weeks of greater conflicts was associated with greater satisfaction with life. Implications of these findings, including the importance of exercise in maintaining well-being, are discussed.
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Orr, Billie Y. „Humour and social support as moderators of life event stress in students“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/220.
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Wu, Yikun. „Stress, satisfaction and resilience : the psychological aspects of life for elders in a Chinese setting“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/942/.
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Little research to date has focused on personal accounts of psychological aspects of the aging process of elders and their relationship with adult-children in an urban Chinese setting. The present study aimed to explore such aspects in Chinese elders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 varied samples of elders (aged 70 to 87), with those living with their family (study 1), those in a residential setting (study 2) and those in a sheltered community (study 3). Grounded Theory, was used as the method for data collection and analysis, and in addition to the interviews, focus groups and a written account also provided data. The overarching theme of “family communication” was highlighted in the studies, reflecting the central position of participants’ concerns with their relationship with adult-children, and their understanding of their roles in the family. The variety of responses seemed to be connected with whether the person was self-reliant or dependant as well as with individual personality. The study’s findings suggest that this small sample of older people in a large urban city in China generally live closely with their families and take great pride in retaining their independence and supporting families and friends.
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Rethwish, Caitlin Rose. „Affordances on Facebook, Stress, and Emotional Support“. PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4734.
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This study discusses Facebook as a social network site and a social media application. It compares perceived emotional support, general life stress, and media affordance-based stress from two participant samples - one that reported using the Facebook desktop site most frequently to reach out for emotional support, and one that reported using the mobile application.
The media affordance measure asked participants if perceiving a media affordance was more likely to increase or decrease their stress. In both samples, persistence was more likely to decrease stress, and personalization was more likely to increase stress. On the Facebook Desktop site, searchability was more likely to increase stress. On the Facebook mobile application, pervasiveness was more likely to decrease stress, and association to increase stress. When comparing affordances between samples, there were no significant differences found.
When comparing samples, the Facebook mobile application users reported higher life stress, but there was no difference found in perception of emotional support. Within samples, there was no correlation between perceived stress and perceived emotional support.
Finally, there was a significant correlation found between perception of emotional support on the site and frequency of reaching out for emotional support. On the Facebook desktop site, users reached out by public post and by private message significantly less frequently if they perceived a higher level of emotional support to be available on the site. On the Facebook mobile application, users reached out by public post significantly less frequently if they perceived a higher level of emotional support to be available on the application. No correlation was found for reaching out by private message on the Facebook mobile application.
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Baldridge, Jeffrey T. (Jeffrey Turner). „Imagery, Psychotherapy, and Directed Relaxation: Physiological Correlates“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278377/.
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Thirty outpatients being treated at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Department of Behavioral Health Psychology were randomly assigned to either a relaxation/imagery training class (R/I), a short-term psychotherapy group (P/G) or a no treatment control group. Subjects had psychological, physiological and immunological data taken before and after treatment. Results indicated that support for the hypothesis that relaxation/imagery training improves the psychological, physiological, and immunological functioning of participants was found.
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Malhotra, Damini. „Psychological Stress Reactivity and Recovery: The Role of Cognitive Appraisals, Ethnicity and Sex“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12158/.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the role of sex, ethnicity and cognitive appraisals, separately and in combination, on the physiological stress response. One hundred and eight undergraduate students from two North Texas universities participated in the study. They were subjected to a laboratory stressor and heart rate, peripheral temperature and cortisol levels were measured pre-, during-, and post- stressor. Perceived stress and cognitive appraisals were measured via self-report. Multivariate analysis of variance tests were conducted to analyze the main and interaction effects during baseline, reactivity and post-stress recovery. Results indicated some significant main effects for sex and ethnicity but no consistent pattern of results or interactions among variables were revealed. The study's implications and areas of future research are discussed.
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Zhou, Peilin. „The effect of social support on job satisfaction at the varying levels of job stress and task structure“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/466.
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Lalak, Nadia. „Restorative benefits of the natural environment : enhancing restoration of directed attention & stress reduction through raising levels of cognitive awareness & physical encounter“. University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6622.
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Philosophy(PhD)Interaction with the natural environment has a vital role in human well-being - physical, social, spiritual and psychological - and yet in the twenty-first century many people lead a way of life totally separated from natural environments. Built environments and the increasing complexity of technological tasks necessitate increased demands for attention and a constant processing of information. Adaptation to such demands can result in depletion of psychological resources leading to stress and mental fatigue. Psychological resources must then be “restored” as they are critical for effective functioning. A review of restorative environments literature suggests there is further scope for enhancing restorative opportunities. A hypothetical model of enhanced restoration is proposed. It posits that an individual assuming a more active role, through raised cognitive awareness and physical encounter in the person-natural environment interaction will experience enhanced restoration in terms of restoration of directed attention and reduction of stress. The research hypotheses are tested using a quantitative field-based pretest-posttest experimental design with a sample of 100 volunteers. Data is collected through computerised objective and subjective measurement scales of attention and affect. Data is analysed through ANOVA. The major finding is that posttest scores improved compared to pretest scores in all 3 attention tests, 2 subjective attention scores and both affect measures, averaged over all 4 intervention groups. This means that the participants’ directed attention improved and they considered themselves to be less stressed regardless of the allocated experimental intervention group. Therefore, the most effective intervention in improving directed attention fatigue and reducing stress was raising an individual’s level of physical encounter with the natural environment. Further research is warranted, into the contribution that an individual can make to enhance the restorative process, and the need for education to raise awareness of the importance of the natural environment as a valuable (health-care) resource.
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Morrison, Rebecca. „Suicidal thinking and psychological distress : the role of personality and cognitive factors“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1108.
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Objectives. This thesis aimed to examine a series of personality and cognitive factors as prospective predictors of suicidal thinking and psychological distress. A secondary objective was to examine any causal relationship between rumination and attentional biases. Method. In order to achieve the above objectives, a series of four studies were conducted. Studies one and three were prospective studies, using analogue samples, to examine the role of personality and cognitive factors in distress and suicidal thinking. In addition, study one also investigated the effect on attentional bias of manipulating rumination. Study two was an experimental study in which two different methods of manipulating attentional bias were piloted. The final study in this thesis employed a clinical sample of general hospital parasuicide patients to investigate whether relationships between personality and cognitive factors were replicable in a clinical population. Results. The personality and cognitive factors understudy were investigated within a research framework to examine their interactive effects. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a number of moderating and mediating relationships between these personality and cognitive factors to prospectively predict both suicidal thinking and psychological distress. In addition, rumination was found to have a causal influence on positive attentional bias. Conclusions. Evidence from this thesis links personality and cognitive factors to both suicidal thinking and psychological distress in a series of moderating and mediating relationships. These are discussed in relation to the possible theoretical and clinical implications.
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Potrafka, Kristopher. „Impact of passive relaxation training on the anxiety of patients in a physical rehabilitation setting“. Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1124727.
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There is a paucity of research on the effects of passive relaxation training on the anxiety of patients going through physical rehabilitation. The fourteen participants of this study were Caucasian and between the ages of 45 and 82 years of age. Participants reported levels of anxiety through the use of a self-report instrument called the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Measurements were made at four different time periods; on intake, prior to relaxation training, following relaxation training, and at discharge. A two-way Analysis of variance was implemented with time and gender being the independent variables. The results of the study revealed no statistically significant differences. Qualitative reports of the participants feedback and Post-hoc analysis of the data for Pearson's r and Pairwise Comparisons indicate further research is needed to fully determine the effects of passive relaxation training on participant's anxiety.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Daniels, William M. U. „Stress as a complication for emotional intelligence in the workplace : a neurochemical argument“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53602.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Salovey and Mayer have formulated the theory of Emotional Intelligence in 1990. Since then, the term and concept have been widely used to describe the ability to identify and regulate one's own emotions (personal self-management) as well as that of others (relationship skills). This ability is said to be a crucial element in the make-up of company executives today, distinguishing those who are successful from struggling followers. Because of its apparent importance, many industrial psychologists have spent numerous hours developing tests and questionnaires to be applied within the field. The idea is to identify the underlying shortfalls and then design the appropriate corrective strategies that will improve the competencies of managers. In doing so, great benefits are envisaged for the specific company. The proposed neurobiological mechanisms operative in emotional intelligence hinges strongly on the function of the limbic system of the brain. The hippocampus is one limbic region that is central to functions such as mood and emotion. Therefore the optimal working of this brain structure is essential if a person's emotional intelligence is to increase. The workplace of today is a highly stressful environment. International competition for market share, pressures on price and quality, mobility of labour force, are but some of the global factors that are primarily responsible for the extreme stress levels experienced by many employees in leadership positions. One of the body's physiological responses to stress is the release of the hormone cortisol. This cortisol catalyses biochemical reactions that initiate coping mechanisms (e.g. maintenance of blood glucose levels) for the stress. Cortisol also binds to receptors in the brain, one structure being the hippocampus. The purpose hereof has interested scientists for years. Clinical studies have recently shown that high levels of cortisol are deleterious for the brain. Patients suffering from Post -Traumatic Stress Syndrome or Depression showed elevated cortisol levels that were associated with a significant decrease in hippocampal volume. It has been postulated that this defect in hippocampal structure contributes to the behavioural abnormalities observed in these patients. The information contained in this document therefore provides scientific evidence to show that to have programmes aimed at developing the emotional intelligence of people without addressing issues around stressful working environments, is a futile exercise.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Salovey en Meyer het die teorie van Emosionele Intelligensie in 1990 geformuleer. Sedertien word die term en konsep wêreldwyd gebruik om die vermoeë te beskryf van iemand wat sy eie emosies (persoonlike selfbestuur) en die van ander (verhoudingsvaardighede) te kan identifiseer en reguleer. Hierdie vermoeë maak 'n kritieke deel uit van die mondering van top bestuurders in 'n firma en onderskei die suksesvolles van die volgelinge. As gevolg van die oënskynlike belangrikheid van emosionele intelligensie, bestee talle industriële sielkundiges menige van hul tyd aan die ontwikkeling van toetse en vraeboë in hierdie veld. Die idee is om die onderliggende kortkominge uit te lig, die gepaste remediërende strategieë te bepaal, wat weer op hul beurt die bevoegdheid van bestuurders moet verbeter. Hierdie aksies kan geweldige voordele vir die firma inhou. Die voorgestelde neurobiologiese meganisme waarop emosionele intelligensie berus, gaan nou gepaard met die funksionering van die limbiese sisteem in die brein. Die hippokampus is een van die limbiese areas wat gemoeid is met gemoed en emosie by die mens. Daarom is die optimale werking van hierdie brein area essensieël vir die ontwikkeling van iemand se emosionele intelligensie. Die hedendaagse werksplek word gekenmerk deur die teenwoordigheid van hoë vlakke van stres. Internasionale kompetisie, druk op prys en kwaliteit, beweeglikheid van werkerskorps, is maar 'n paar van die globale faktore wat primêr verantwoordelik is vir die uitermate vlakke van stress ervaar deur werkers in leierskapsposisies. Vrystelling van die hormoon kortisol, is een van die liggaam se reaksies op stres. Kortisol kataliseer biochemiese reaksies (bv. die handhawing van bloed glukose vlakke) wat die liggaam in staat stel om te "cope" met die stres. Kortisol bind egter ook aan reseptore in die brein, veral in die hippokampus. Die doel hiervan het navorsers vir baie jare geïntereseer. Kliniese studies het onlangs getoon dat hoë vlakke van kortisol skadelik is vir die brein. Pasiënte wat presenteer met Post-traumatiese stres of Depressie, toon verhoogde vlakke van kortisol, wat geassosieër word met 'n beduidende verkleining in die volume van die hippokampus. Dit is dan ook gepostuleer dat hierdie strukturele brein defek aanleiding kan gee tot die gedragsafwykings wat in hierdie pasiënte voorkom. Die inligting vervat in hierdie dokument dui dus daarop dat programme wat bedoel is om emosionele intelligensie van werkers te ontwikkel, 'n sinnelose oefening is, indien die stresvolle omgewing waarin hierdie werkers moet opereer, nie korrek aangespreek word nie.
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Plumb, Sarah. „A positive clinical psychology approach to developing resilience among state employed nurses“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018879.
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Nurses are confronted with numerous work-related stressors that can result in burnout. This can contribute to absenteeism and high turn-over rates in the nursing profession. A review of the literature indicated that psycho-educational interventions to increase resilience could be an effective way of addressing this problem. The study aimed to develop a positive clinical-psychology approach to increasing resilience in State employed nurses. The study used a mixed-method approach to determine the current psychological functioning of a sample of 87 nurses. Quantitative data on personality traits, character strengths and levels of resilience were obtained, using the NEO PI-R, VIA – IS, and Resilience Scale. Qualitative data on the coping responses of nurses were obtained through the thematic analysis of focus groups. These data were integrated to create a positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience and to develop therapeutic guidelines for a group psycho-educational intervention. The results of the study indicated a struggling psychological profile. This was defined as the ability to deal with work-related stressors – but with the potential risk of developing symptoms of burnout. The moderate levels of resilience were attributed to elevated character strengths in the sample. The distribution of personality traits indicated that the nurses in the sample were at risk of developing burnout; and this prevented them from flourishing. These data were synthesised to create therapeutic guidelines for developing resilience aimed: (1) increasing emotional stability and invulnerability; (2) increasing agreeableness; and (3) increasing conscientiousness. These guidelines were based on the personality traits that were deemed to negatively impact the resilience of the nurses. These personality traits were correlated with several character strengths that displayed strong relationships with resilience. This indicated that resilience could be developed through the cultivation of the following character strengths: perspective; perseverance; fairness; forgiveness; leadership; love; zest; hope; curiosity; and appreciation of beauty and excellence. These character strengths were identified to facilitate the positive adaptation of the personality traits identified in the therapeutic guidelines. A group psycho-educational intervention was developed, using the positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience. The literature was reviewed to identify techniques to cultivate the ten character strengths specified in the therapeutic guidelines. These techniques were adapted to create experiential learning processes for the intervention. This psycho-educational programme can be applied as a secondary and tertiary intervention. It can be used to increase resilience to prevent burnout among nurses. It can also be used to psychologically empower nurses that have existing symptoms of burnout.
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Hackett, Addy. „An investigation into stress and coaching-needs in the National Health Service and UK hospices“. Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12365/.
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This thesis explores the issues around stress in the UK Health Service, with a particular focus on stress in the Hospice Service and the benefits of a group coaching intervention for this staff group. Section A provides an introduction to the thesis, explaining the rationale behind the choice of research and how the different sections link together. Section B reports on the research aspects of this thesis which exists of three phases. Phase 1 is a cross-sectional study to assess the levels of stress and the main work-stressors as experienced by members of staff working within two hospices in the UK. Phase 2 is a qualitative study using two focus groups, one at each hospice, to obtain a deeper understanding of the findings of phase 1. Phase 3 is an evaluation of a brief group coaching intervention for stress management, which has been informed by the findings of phase 1 and 2. The theoretical framework of the coaching intervention was Cognitive Behavioural Coaching (CBC). Section C of the thesis presents a case study of a one-to-one stress-coaching intervention. This study also uses CBC as its theoretical framework and uses the same coaching format as was used in the group coaching session described in section B. Using the same model for both the group and one-to-one coaching intervention provides an opportunity to explore the versatility and usefulness of CBC within the context of stress coaching. The critical literature review presented in section D of the thesis examines the effectiveness of traditional stress management programmes used within the nursing profession, which provides a base-line for the development of an effective coaching intervention. The findings of this thesis add to the current understanding of stress in the UK hospice service and provide the foundations of a new approach to staff support and stress management within the Health Service using a CBC coaching model.
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Yake, Melissa L. „The effect of stress on eating practices among university faculty“. Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1339600.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between comfort food preferences of college faculty when under normal (non-stressful) and stressful conditions. Thirty-four percent (n=63) of the participants were males and 66 percent (n=121) were females. Sixty-seven percent (n=123) experienced a change in appetite when stressed, with 69 percent (n=85) experiencing an increase and 31 percent (n=38) experiencing a decrease in appetite. Participants chose a significantly wider variety of foods when under stressful conditions for both sweet (p=<.001) and salty/crunchy food categories (p=.004). High restrained eaters chose significantly more types of sweet foods (p=.031) and beverages (p=.020) than low restrained eaters when comparing stressful and normal conditions. These findings suggest the majority of adults may experience changes in appetite with stress, specifically an increased appetite, and may choose more types of sweet and salty/crunchy foods. An individual's restraint level, gender, and age may also play a role in comfort food choice.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Crostley, Jeremy T. „Neuroticism and Religious Coping Styles as Mediators of Depressive Affect and Perceived Stress“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4889/.
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Previous researchers have shown that the collaborative, self-directing, and deferring styles of religious coping result in different outcomes of depression under different levels of perceived stress. Neuroticism has also been shown to affect coping effectiveness overall or choice of coping method. However, little work has been done to investigate the association between neuroticism and the choice or effectiveness of religious coping styles in particular, or on the association of neuroticism and perceived stress. The present study addressed research questions by examining relations among neuroticism, perceived stress, objective life events, religious and non-religious coping styles, effectiveness of coping styles, and depression. Hierarchical multiple regression and correlational techniques found that religious coping styles predict depression, religious and non-religious coping correspond, and neuroticism predicts perceived stress beyond situational stressors. Neuroticism did not predict use of religious coping styles, but remaining personality factors were successful in predicting coping. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Sakala, Ruvimbo. „The study of the psychological health of first year students at the Univesity of Limpopo“. Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2387.
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Thesis (M. A. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018Upon entering the university environment, first year students encounter what could be described as a “foreign culture”, and have to reconcile conflicting transitional spaces of their home and university identities. This adjustive demand can lead to some considerable levels of psychological distress. This study examined the level of psychological health in first year students. It also evaluated whether factors such as monetary background, residential area, race and the availability of bursaries affect students’ transition into “university life”. First year students (N = 300; male = 135; female = 165) completed the General Health Questionnaire-12 at the University of Limpopo. A substantial percentage (that is, 30.33%) of the participants was found to have or is prone to psychological health problems. This finding is consistent with the results of previous studies which have found that some students may be susceptible to mental health problems predating their entry into university. There was no significant difference between the levels of psychological health between males and females and bursary users and those that are funded by their parents or guardians. There was also no significant difference between those that live in the rural areas and those from the cities. However, the figures between those that are poor and rich were strikingly noteworthy.
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Fairclough, Natalie R. „Burnout in academics : the role of humour and optimism as stress buffers“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/995.
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The relationship between university lecturers' perceived stress, use of humour to cope with stress, optimism, pessimism, and burnout was investigated. Participants included 180 lecturers from a range of Perth universities and disciplines. Questionnaire packages were delivered to the participants at their universities and were later returned to the researcher by mail. A principle components analysis was first performed on the Life Orientation Test-Revised, a self-report instrument designed to measure optimism, and demonstrated support for a two-dimensional model of optimism and pessimism. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was subsequently conducted to determine the ability of perceived stress, humour, optimism, and pessimism, followed by the interactions between perceived stress and humour, optimism, and pessimism, and then gender to predict lecturers' burnout. The results revealed that after perceived stress had been accounted for, humour and optimism had a significant main effect on burnout. Pessimism and gender were not significant unique predictors of burnout. The interactions between perceived stress humour, optimism, and pessimism did not predict burnout. The findings highlight the role of humour and optimism in predicting burnout, and the implications for burnout prevention strategies.
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Baldwin, Carol L. (Carol Louise). „Dissociation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Who Have Experienced Trauma and Sexual Assault“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332592/.
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The relation between dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated in women who had experienced trauma or sexual assault. Subjects were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Sexual Experiences Scale (SES), and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I). Subjects were grouped according to their scores on the SES and the PTSD-I. Analysis of variance revealed a relation between DES scores and PTSD symptom severity scores. Correlational analyses showed a relation between dissociative symptoms and PTSD symptom severity but not recency of trauma. Three factors from a previously published factor analysis of the DES were found to contribute to the DES scores of PTSD subjects.
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Baker, Mark. „The relationship between servant leadership, role stress and coping in subordinate service roles“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2968.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.A study of the literature revealed that the concept of servant leadership is still in need of further empirical research. It also became clear that the leadership style employed by the supervisors of certain boundary spanning employees may have a pivotal effect on the role stress they experience and the resulting coping mechanisms they are likely to employ. Evidently, further investigation into the relationship between the constructs of servant leadership, role stress and coping could be valuable. An exploratory study to investigate these relationships was therefore planned and executed. A correlative ex post facto study of nonexperimental kind was followed making use of survey research. For this purpose a composite questionnaire was created and used as the means of data gathering. The questionnaires were directly administered by the researcher to the participants of a large national retail organisation where the survey was conducted. A total of 290 respondents from six different stores of this organisation participated in the study. The respondents occupying a specific type of boundary spanning role, known as the subordinate service role (SSR), completed the composite questionnaire which comprised of the rater version of the Servant Leadership Questionnaire of Barbuto and Wheeler (2006), the role stress scale based on the research work of Hartline and Ferrell (1996), and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). The SSR incumbents assessed the level of servant leadership of their immediate supervisors, their own level of role stress and the coping mechanisms which they typically employ. Answers were sought to three research questions dealing with the content and configuration of the constructs as well as their interrelations.
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Francl, Mary Ellen. „A re-examination of stresses experienced by primiparous women in the first two weeks postpartum“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277161.
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A replication of "Stresses Experienced by Primiparous Women in the First Two Weeks Postpartum" (Wolfel, 1986) was undertaken to identify stressors experienced by women in the first 2 weeks postpartum and to compare results with the original study. Because of changes in the standard of care, a study replication was desirable. The replication sample consisted of 20 primiparous women who completed the Postpartum Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), a new tool developed by Wolfel. Descriptive data displayed the existence of stress. Analysis of variance, t tests, and correlation coefficients were used to find significant correlations between demographic characteristics and PSQ responses. Age correlated positively with stress. Married women reported stress in physiological and psychological areas. Women who had a miscarriage were more likely to exhibit postpartal stress. No relationship was found between PSQ and variables of previous experience with child care, length of hospital stay, use of pain medication, or prenatal caretaker.
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Rumzek, Harold A. „Does Unemployment Become a Major Stressor in the Evolution of Chronic Pain?“ Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278597/.
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Pain has been described as the most complex human experience and most frequent reason patients seek medical treatment. Few people fail to experience the pain associated with disease, injury, or medical/surgical procedures. However, the impact of unemployment that results from chronic pain suffering has not been widely researched. To present a comprehensive view of the effect unemployment has upon the chronic pain experience, this study focused upon stress philosophy, chronic pain, employment, and coping effectiveness. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Personal Data Questionnaire (PDQ) were administered to 96 persons (four groups of 24 subjects) representing either unemployed or employed and either chronic or non-chronic (acute) pain populations.
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Murray, James Lee. „The role of dissociation in the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6abbb132-54c5-4ae6-84a8-d1dd920f112d.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate psychological factors influencing the development and maintenance of post-traumatic symptoms, with particular attention to the role of dissociation. The concept of dissociation is at present not well understood, and a secondary aim of this thesis was to clarify its meaning and structure and enable its assessment. Chapter 2 reports the development and testing of a questionnaire measuring trait dissociation, and the factor analysis of this questionnaire into seven sub-factors with low to medium intercorrelations, along with an analysis of the reliability and validity of this questionnaire, which was used in the subsequent studies. Chapters 3 and 4 consist of experimental studies investigating the relationship between dissociation and later intrusive memories using a videotape of scenes from road traffic accidents as a stimulus. The first study attempted to manipulate dissociation, while the second used extreme scorers on the trait dissociation questionnaire. The manipulation of dissociation proved difficult, but both studies showed a relationship between dissociation and later intrusions. Chapters 6 and 7 report on two prospective clinical studies following road traffic accident victims over the first six months following their accident, and investigates the role of dissociation and other psychological factors in the development of post-traumatic symptoms. Both state and trait dissociation, and the emotional numbing subfactor of dissociation in particular, predict the later development and maintenance of other post-traumatic symptoms. Persistent dissociation was more predictive of later symptoms than dissociation in the first few days after the accident. These results are discussed in relation to current thinking about the concept of dissociation and the DSM diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. In particular it seems useful to distinguish between components of dissociation in terms of their relationship to PTSD. Possible future research and clinical implications are also addressed.