Zeitschriftenartikel: „Strength of materials“

1

Levy, E. „Advanced Materials—From Strength to Strength“. Advanced Materials 14, Nr. 15 (05.08.2002): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020805)14:15<1019::aid-adma1019>3.0.co;2-5.

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2

Zhu, Ting, und Ju Li. „Ultra-strength materials“. Progress in Materials Science 55, Nr. 7 (September 2010): 710–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.04.001.

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3

Almuammar, Majed, Allen Schulman und Fouad Salama. „Shear bond strength of six restorative materials“. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 25, Nr. 3 (01.04.2001): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.25.3.r8g48vn51l46421m.

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The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength of a conventional glassionomer cement, a resin modified glass-ionomer, a composite resin and three compomer restorative materials. Dentin of the occlusal surfaces from sixty extracted human permanent molars were prepared for shear bond strength testing. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups of 10 each. Dentinal surfaces were treated according to the instructions of manufacturers for each material. Each restorative material was placed inside nylon cylinders 2 mm high with an internal diameter of 3 mm, which were placed perpendicular to dentin surfaces. Shear bond strengths were determined using an Universal Testing Machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a compression mode. Conventional glass-ionomer, Ketac-Molar aplicap showed the lowest mean shear bond strength 3.77 ± 1.76 (X ± SD MPa) and the composite resin, Heliomolar showed the highest mean shear bond strength 16.54 ± 1.65 while the mean bond strength of Fuji II LC was 9.55 ± 1.06. The shear bond strengths of compomer restorative materials were 12.83 ± 1.42, 10.64 ± 1.42 and 11.19 ± 1.19 for Compoglass, Hytac and Dyract respectively. ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in the mean shear bond strengths of all groups (P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the three compomer materials (P>0.5). Ketac-Molar and composite resin showed statistically significant difference (P<0.0005). The mode of fracture varied between materials. It is concluded that the compomer restorative materials show higher shear bond strength than conventional glass-ionomer and resin modified glass-ionomer, but less than composite resin. The fracture mode is not related to the shear bond strengths values.

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4

Osakue, Edward, und Lucky Anetor. „Estimating beam strength of metallic gear materials“. FME Transactions 50, Nr. 4 (2022): 587–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2204587o.

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Expressions for the pulsating or beam strengths of many popular metallic gear materials are derived based on the tensile strength and endurance ratio. The strength values predicted are for a reliability of 99% at load cycles corresponding to that of the endurance strength of the materials. The expressions are based on the consideration of the revised Lewis gear root stress formula by treating the design parameters as random variables associated with the lognormal probability density function and application of the Gerber fatigue failure rule. Pulsating strength predictions are compared with those of AGMA estimates for through-hardened steels and other materials. The variances between model predictions and AGMA values for steel and ductile cast iron materials are reasonably low. Low variances between model and AGMA values for high-strength gray cast iron and cast bronze were also observed. However, high variances between model and AGMA values for low-strength gray cast iron and cast bronze were found. Overall, the model estimates are considered sufficiently accurate for preliminary design applications where initial sizes of gears are generated. The study showed that for many metallic gear materials, the average pulsating strength ratio is 0.36 at 99% reliability. Therefore, the suggestion by Buckingham, that the fatigue strength of a gear tooth is approximately one-third (0.333) of the tensile strength of the material is justified.

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5

Armitage, Catherine. „Materials science shows strength“. Nature 595, Nr. 7865 (30.06.2021): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01786-2.

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6

Carpinteri, Alberto, Pietro Cornetti, Nicola Pugno und Alberto Sapora. „Strength of hierarchical materials“. Microsystem Technologies 15, Nr. 1 (12.06.2008): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-008-0644-x.

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7

Kanel, G. I. „Dynamic strength of materials“. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 22, Nr. 11 (November 1999): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.1999.00246.x.

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8

Tsybul’ko, A. E., und E. A. Romanenko. „Strength of isotropic materials“. Russian Engineering Research 29, Nr. 2 (Februar 2009): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x09020075.

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9

Trejo, David, Kevin Folliard und Lianxiang Du. „Alternative Cap Materials for Evaluating the Compressive Strength of Controlled Low-Strength Materials“. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 15, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2003): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2003)15:5(484).

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10

Wu, Chuan Bao, und Bo Qiao. „URSS/PVA/WP Composite Materials: Preparation and Performance“. Advanced Materials Research 968 (Juni 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.80.

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A novel kind of environmentally friendly composite materials containing upper part of rice straw segments (URSS), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and waste paper (WP) were prepared by hot-pressing at 140°C for 10 min. The tensile strength, tensile elongation and hardness of composites were measured. Results showed that the tensile strength and the strength at tensile break of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing PVA content. Tensile strength was higher than the strength at tensile break at different PVA contents, indicating that URSS/PVA/WP composite materials had certain toughness. Otherwise, URSS/PVA/WP composite materials had higher tensile strength than URSS/PVA composites. The tensile strengths of them were respectively 9.25 MPa and 3.9 MPa when prepared at PVA content of 40%. The hardness of composites lay between 90 and 96. Negligible difference exists in every composite.

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11

Larionov, Evgeny. „A long-term strength of constructive materials“. MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 04068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825104068.

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A long-term strength materials under an axially loading of constructive elements is considered and the estimates of this strength are reduced. The proposed approach is connected with the notion so-called energy of entirety [1]. It is notable that this value can be used instead of known Reiner’s invariant [2]. A material (concrete, steel, graph) is considered as a union of its links with statistical disturbed strengths [3]. This conception allows to modify Boltzmann’s principle superposition of fraction creep deformations [4] and in addition, implies the identity of non-linear stresses function for the instantaneous and retarding deformations. The degeneration of long-term strength because of vibrational influence take into account and the strengthening of the materials in the course of their formation is considered.

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12

Wiliam, Kaspar J. „Triaxial Strength of Concrete Materials“. Concrete Journal 40, Nr. 1 (2002): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.40.1_109.

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13

OHATA, Mitsuru. „Mechanics and Strength of Materials“. JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 77, Nr. 2 (2008): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.77.163.

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14

Radjai, Farhang, und Emilien Azéma. „Shear strength of granular materials“. Revue européenne de génie civil 13, Nr. 2 (28.02.2009): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejece.13.203-218.

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15

Kaneko, Takeshi. „Impact Strength of Brittle Materials.“ Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 43, Nr. 10 (1996): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.43.1231.

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16

Ivanova, T. N., Witold Biały, Jacek Sitko, Katarzyna Midor und Alexander Muyzemnek. „Grinding of High-Strength Materials“. Materials Science Forum 1037 (06.07.2021): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.595.

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The joint research of scientists of two countries deals with cylindrical and surface grinding with abrasive wheels of heat-resistant steel Inconel 625 (KhN77TYu GOST 5632 – 72 Russian Federation standard), (analogues include Hastalloy, N07080, Alloy 80A, Nimonic 80A, 2.4952 ASTM B637/ASME SB637, UNS N07080). The article shows the results of studies of the features of high-temperature steel during grinding with a fastened abrasive. The results of experiments are given to determine the optimal characteristics of grinding wheels, grinding modes, cooling-lubricant fluids. Experimental data about geometric accuracy, surface roughness, resistance of wheels are demonstrated as well. The ways to prevent from defects during cylindrical and surface grinding of high-strength steel are proposed. The recommendations to increase the tool resistance and output of the process are given.

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17

Zhu, Ting, Ju Li, Shigenobu Ogata und Sidney Yip. „Mechanics of Ultra-Strength Materials“. MRS Bulletin 34, Nr. 3 (März 2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.47.

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AbstractRecent experiments on nanoscale materials, including nanowires, nanopillars, nanoparticles, nanolayers, and nanocrystals, have revealed a host of “ultra-strength” phenomena, defined by stresses in the material generally rising up to a significant fraction of the ideal strength—the highest achievable strength of a defect-free crystal. This article presents an overview of the strength-controlling deformation mechanisms and related mechanics models in ultra-strength nanoscale materials. The critical role of the activation volume is highlighted in understanding the deformation mechanisms, as well as the size, temperature, and strain rate dependence of ultra strength.

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18

Berlin, A. A. „Fatigue Strength of Natural Materials“. Polymer Science, Series D 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421220010062.

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19

Johnston, Ian W. „Strength of Intact Geomechanical Materials“. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 111, Nr. 6 (Juni 1985): 730–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1985)111:6(730).

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20

NISHIDA, Shin-ichi, Nobusuke HATTORI, Takahiro NIJO und Seiichi FUKUMOTO. „Fatigue Strength of Bonded Materials“. Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2004.57 (2004): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2004.57.13.

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21

MATSUO, MASARU. „Polymer Materials with Highest Strength.“ Kobunshi 45, Nr. 1 (1996): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.45.54.

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22

Nijo, Takahiro, Shinichi Nishida und Nobusuke Hattori. „Fatigue Strength of Bonded Materials“. Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.6 (2003): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.6.0_117.

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23

Nishida, Shinichi, Nobusuke Hattori, Takahiro Nijoh und Satoshi Uemura. „Interface Strength of Bonded Materials“. Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2002 (2002): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2002.0_587.

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24

Chen, Jing-Wen, und Cheng-Feng Chang. „High-Strength Ecological Soil Materials“. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 19, Nr. 2 (Februar 2007): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2007)19:2(149).

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25

Lavine, M. S. „MATERIALS SCIENCE: Pores for Strength“. Science 309, Nr. 5731 (01.07.2005): 21c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.309.5731.21c.

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26

Willetts, R. B. „Statics and strength of materials“. Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 11, Nr. 3 (Juli 1985): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(85)90012-9.

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27

Becker, A. A. „Statics and strength of materials“. Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 18, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(89)90118-6.

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28

Edwards, K. L. „Statics and strength of materials“. Materials & Design 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 1994): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3069(94)90067-1.

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29

Lindberg, C. M. „As-sintered high strength materials“. Metal Powder Report 47, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1992): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(92)91941-c.

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30

Virgil’ev, Yu S. „Strength of Structural Carbon Materials“. Inorganic Materials 41, Nr. 5 (Mai 2005): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0150-9.

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31

Barr, B., A. Bouamrata und A. Baghli. „Impact strength of FRC materials“. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 35, Nr. 1-3 (Januar 1990): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(90)90212-y.

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32

Burgoyne, Chris. „Strength of Materials and Structures“. Structural Safety 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2001): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4730(01)00003-0.

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33

Radjai, Farhang, und Emilien Azéma. „Shear strength of granular materials“. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 13, Nr. 2 (Februar 2009): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2009.9693100.

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34

Ichikawa, Masahiro. „Strength of Materials in Future“. Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 90, Nr. 824 (1987): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.90.824_890.

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35

Toyoda, M. „Strength characteristics of composite materials“. Welding International 5, Nr. 5 (Januar 1991): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119109446748.

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36

Golfman, Yosif. „Strength Criteria for Anisotropic Materials“. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 10, Nr. 6 (November 1991): 542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449101000601.

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37

Balkevich, V. L., V. A. Yakovenko, M. F. Gorshkova und I. A. Shchur. „Vibration strength of ceramic materials“. Refractories 27, Nr. 11-12 (November 1986): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01387219.

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38

Troshchenko, V. T., und R. I. Kuriat. „Strength of materials and structures“. Strength of Materials 38, Nr. 4 (Juli 2006): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11223-006-0048-z.

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39

Barr, B. I. G., E. B. D. Hasso und K. Liu. „Shear strength of FRC materials“. Composites 16, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1985): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(85)90285-x.

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40

von Fraunhofer, J. A., R. S. Storey, I. K. Stone und B. J. Masterson. „Tensile strength of suture materials“. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19, Nr. 5 (Mai 1985): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820190511.

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41

Enami, Yasufumi, und Junji Ohgi. „OS8-30 Effect of Forging and Shape Recovery on Creep Strength of PLLA(High temperature strength,OS8 Fatigue and fracture mechanics,STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)“. Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.140.

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42

Shim, JS, YJ Park, ACF Manaloto, SW Shin, JY Lee, YJ Choi und JJ Ryu. „Shear Bond Strength of Four Different Repair Materials Applied to Bis-acryl Resin Provisional Materials Measured 10 Minutes, One Hour, and Two Days After Bonding“. Operative Dentistry 39, Nr. 4 (01.07.2014): E147—E153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-196-l.

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SUMMARY This study investigated the shear bond strength of repaired provisional restoration materials 1) to compare the bond strengths between bis-acryl resin and four different materials and 2) to investigate the effect of the amount of time elapsed after bonding on the bond strength. The self-cured bis-acryl resin (Luxatemp) was used as the base material, and four different types of resins (Luxatemp, Protemp, Z350 flowable, and Z350) were used as the repair materials. Specimens were divided into three groups depending on the point of time of shear bond strength measurement: 10 minutes, one hour, and 48 hours. Shear bond strengths were measured with a universal testing machine, and the fracture surface was examined with a video measuring system. Two-way analysis of variance revealed that the repair materials (p<0.001) and the amount of time elapsed after bonding (p<0.001) significantly affected the repair strength. All of the repaired materials showed increasing bond strength with longer storage time. The highest bond strength and cohesive failure were observed for bonding between Luxatemp base and Luxatemp at 48 hours after bonding.

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43

Bastun, V. N., M. I. Kolyakov und Yu N. Semko. „Strength criterion for materials with different strengths in tension and compression“. Strength of Materials 28, Nr. 5 (Mai 1996): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02330852.

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44

Prochazka, Lukas, und Adela Brazdova. „Surface modification of alkali-activated materials regarding durability“. E3S Web of Conferences 550 (2024): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455001044.

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This paper deals with the possibility of applying a surface modification coating to hybrid alkali-activated materials based on granulated blast-furnace slag activated with disodium metasilicate anhydrous with partial replacement of silica fly ash and cement by-pass dust in the amounts of 15% and 15%. The selected coatings (epoxy and synthetic) were applied in two series - the first, deposited in the water after demolding, and the second, wrapped in foil. The strength of the materials, the thickness of the coating and the effect of scaling resistance were monitored in the experiment. The compressive strength of this mixture was around 68 MPa and the flexural strength was around 6.5 MPa after 28 days of curing. For the tensile strengths of the prepared composites, slightly higher strengths were obtained for the samples deposited in the plastic foil, with the strengths of both series being around 2.4 MPa. For the scaling resistance, the lowest weight losses were achieved for the specimens coated with synthetic coating, which is valid for both deposition methods.

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45

Mishra, Mudit, und Anshul Kansal. „Effect of Different Materials on the Strength Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete“. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 12, Nr. 44 (30.11.2019): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i44/145557.

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46

Iqbal, Ubaid, Haiqa Shabir und Sania Iqbal. „Comparison of the Flexural Strength of Four Core Built up Materials“. Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 9, Nr. 1 (Februar 2023): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2023.9.1.4.

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The aim of this study is to compare the flexural strength of 4 commonly used core build up materials in clinics. Four core built up materials, a cermet cement (ketac silver), a light cure composite, conventional silver amalgam (control group) and zirconomer (zirconia reinforced GIC) were used and were divided into Group A, B and C and D respectively. The root canal of 90 extracted mandibular molars with similar anatomy and morphology were selected. Highest flexural strength was shown by Group A followed by group C, group B and then group D.

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47

Wu, Hao, Jian Yin und Shu Bai. „Experimental Investigation of Utilizing Industrial Waste and Byproduct Materials in Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM)“. Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (Januar 2013): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.299.

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Laboratory experiments were conducted in this study to investigate the suitability and applicability of incorporating fly ash, bottom ash and paper sludge with various contents into CLSM mixtures. Fly ash was used as a substitute for Portland cement, bottom ash was added by partially replacing fine aggregate, while paper sludge was treated as a fibrous admixture. Physical and mechanically properties of the CLSM mixtures were examined through flowability, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength tests. The test results indicated that both fly ash and bottom ash can be potentially used as basic materials for CLSM mixtures with desirable performances, and by limiting the amount of cement used in the mixture, the ultimate strength of CLSM could be easily controlled available for excavation. The strength of the CLSM mixtures were reduced to some extent by incorporating high content of fly ash, while they were significantly increased with high content of natural sand replaced by bottom ash. Due to the high water absorption of the paper sludge, the mixture with paper sludge added exhibited relatively low flowability, and it showed no benefits on enhancing compressive and splitting tensile strengths as common fibrous materials.

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48

Mazumdar, Paromita, Soumya Singh und Debojyoti Das. „Method for Assessing the Bond Strength of Dental Restorative Materials â€” An Overview“. Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 35, Nr. 2 (14.10.2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jpfa/2021/27758.

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<p>Bond strengths achieved while testing in laboratories are the key for selection of adhesive systems. Longevity of a restorations can be predicted to some extent based on bond strength of adhesives. There have been several discrepancies within the reported bond strengths of various materials. Bond strength of the adhesive system is affected by a large number of factors, which makes the comparison among studies difficult. Throughout the years, laboratory evaluations have been the basis for clinicians to choose the adhesive systems in their daily practice. However the validity of bond strength tests to predict clinical performance of dental adhesives is yet to be justified. The realization of an adequate and valid method for assessing bond strength is a difficult endeavor. Different types of test have been utilized to assess the strength of a bond, which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Bonding strength is the strength required to rupture a bond formed by an adhesive system and the adherent. Often, the test involves the measurement of the shear and flexural bond strength of the adhesive system. This review focuses on aspects associated to various bond strength test methods used to test the adhesion between tooth and the restorative materials and their mechanics.</p>

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49

Irie, Masao, Yukinori Maruo, Goro Nishigawa, Kumiko Yoshihara und Takuya Matsumoto. „Flexural Strength of Resin Core Build-Up Materials: Correlation to Root Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Pull-Out Force“. Polymers 12, Nr. 12 (09.12.2020): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122947.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of root dentin shear bond strength and pull-out force of resin core build-up materials on flexural strength immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles. Eight core build-up and three luting materials were investigated, using 10 specimens (n = 10) per subgroup. At three time periods—immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles, shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were measured. Flexural strengths were measured using a 3-point bending test. For all core build-up and luting materials, the mean data of flexural strength, shear bond strength and pull-out force were the lowest immediately after setting. After one-day storage, almost all the materials yielded their highest results. A weak, but statistically significant, correlation was found between flexural strength and shear bond strength (r = 0.508, p = 0.0026, n = 33). As the pull-out force increased, the flexural strength of core build-up materials also increased (r = 0.398, p = 0.0218, n = 33). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using these three independent factors of flexural strength, pull-out force and root dentin shear bond strength, which showed this relationship: Flexural strength = 3.264 × Shear bond strength + 1.533 × Pull out force + 10.870, p = 0.002). For all the 11 core build-up and luting materials investigated immediately after setting, after one-day storage and after 20,000 thermocycles, their shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were correlated to the flexural strength in core build-up materials. It was concluded that the flexural strength results of the core build-up material be used in research and quality control for the predictor of the shear bond strength to the root dentin and the retentive force of the post.

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Fang, Xuan, Jie Yang, Jia-Ming Na und Zhen-Yuan Gu. „Unified Failure Strength Criterion for Terrace Slope Reinforcement Materials“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (14.10.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9639184.

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This paper presents a study on the failure strength criterion of terrace slope reinforcement materials, such as lean cemented sand and gravel (LCSG) material, under a triaxial stress state. Cement content and confining pressure were selected as major factors to investigate their influence on the peak stress of terrace slope reinforcement materials based on experimental results and data from the literature. The mechanical properties of the LCSG samples, with cement contents of 60, 80, and 90 kg/m3, and noncemented sand and gravel materials were tested under four confining pressure levels (namely, 300, 600, 1000, and 1500 kPa). The results show that the strength of LCSG material improves as the confining pressure increases. When the confining pressure exceeds 1200 kPa, the rate of increase of the strength for LCSG material and other cemented grained materials declines generally. The material strength displays a linear increase with the growth of the cement content. When the axial load rises up to a certain value, damage will occur at the particle cemented site near the shear plane, and the resistance stress generated by the cementation shows a trend of growth first and then attenuation, and concurrently, the friction between particles increases by degrees. Based on the identified strength characteristics of LCSG material under different cement contents and confining pressures, a new strength criterion that incorporates the frictional strengths and the cementing strengths is proposed for LCSG and other similar materials. The results of this work can provide an important theoretical basis for the stability calculation of terrace slopes and LCSG dams.

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