Dissertationen zum Thema „Street-race“

This thesis investigates the practices and compositions of gangs in Greater Manchester, England. Primarily drawing from qualitative data gathered in two adult, men's prisons, it explores gang members' activities, how these practices develop on 'the street', and how they are later affected by imprisonment. The thesis also explores the links between race, geographical area and gang affiliation, analysing how a gang member's racial background and area of origin may relate to his gang. The results show the strong influence of gangs at the sample prisons, and how gangs affect the ways in which prisoners negotiate the carceral space: violent practices, gang allegiances and rivalries developed on 'the street' are regularly transplanted into prison. These high levels of gang 'importation' into the sample prisons result in the social and cultural significance of street gangs often penetrating prison walls. Area of origin and shared racial background are strong unifying 'banners' under which many prison gangs operate, and violence is an integral part of life in 'the gang'. However, reflecting the academic literature, gang members often contest the terminology around 'gangs', showing the polarized discourse around these topics. The thesis attempts to resolve some of these debates by presenting a comprehensive gang typology shaped by theory and prisoners' testimonies.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
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2031-01-02

Street-racing är ett världsomspännande och växande fenomen, som är en källa till mycket nöje för de deltagande, men samtidigt orsakar åtskilliga dödsfall och skador på både person och egendom varje år. I Sverige innebär de medföljande problemen med street-racing framför allt brott mot trafikförordningen och andra trafikrelaterade lagar, samt den fara det utgör för både förare, åskådare och allmänheten. Helsingborg som stad har länge figurerat på den svenska street-racing-scenen, och varit förknippat med ett starkt motorintresse, inte minst tack vare den årligen återkommande Vallåkraträffen, och detta tar sig uttryck i form av ostrukturerade fordonsträffar, drifting, och street-racing. Denna studie undersöker och klarlägger förekomsten av street-race i Helsingborg, i såväl omfattning som form, samt hur berörda myndigheter och institutioner har arbetat för att motverka detta. Det centrala frågeställningarna i studien var att undersöka hur street-racing beskrivs i Helsingborg, vilken problematik och brottslighet det medför, och hur kan det brottsförebyggande arbetet förbättras och utvecklas? För att åstadkomma detta hölls semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelinformanter vid Polismyndigheten, Helsingborgs Kommuns Trafikenhet och Brottsförebyggande samordning, samt Svenska Motorklubbens Helsingborgsgren. Utöver detta analyserades även rapportering av street-race i Helsingborg i nyhetsartiklar. Denna studie tar formen av en explorativ fallstudie och har därmed en kvalitativ och induktiv ansats. I resultaten från intervjuerna och nyhetsartiklarna framkom det att Street-racing är ett ökande problem i Helsingborg och det lockar både deltagande och publik inte bara nationellt, utan även från andra länder. Street-racing beskrivs som svårarbetat, och att problemet har en tendens att förflytta sig när insatser görs. Genom att se till tidigare forskning från länder där street-racing är ännu starkare rotat, i kombination med nyinhämtad kunskap om hur arbetet sker på lokal nivå i Sverige, ges förslag på hur ett effektivt arbete mot street-racing kan ske.
Street-racing is a worldwide and growing phenomenon, and is the source of a lot of amusement for the participants, although at the same time it is the cause of several deaths and injuries on both people and property every year. In Sweden, the problems that follow street-racing are mainly crimes against the traffic ordinance and other traffic-related laws, as well as the danger posed for both drivers, bystanders and the general public. Helsingborg as a city has long appeared on the street-race scene, and been associated with a large interest in motor and vehicles, a lot thanks to the yearly recurring Vallåkraträffen, which expresses itself through unstructured vehicle gatherings, drifting and street-racing. The following study examines and clarifies the presence of street-racing in Helsingborg, in its fullest extent, and also how affected authorities and institutions have worked to combat the problem. The most central subject of the research questions of the study was to look into how street-racing is described in Helsingborg, what kind of non-criminal problems as well as crimes it brings, and in which way can the crime preventive work improve and develop? To accomplish this, semistructured interviews were held with key informants from the Police, Helsingborg municipalities Traffic Office and crime preventive coordinator as well as representatives of The swedish motorclub. In addition to this, reports of street-racing in news articles from Helsingborg were also analyzed. This study takes the shape of an explorative case study and therefore has a qualitative and inductive focus. The results of the interviews and news-articles showed that street-racing is an increasing problem in Helsingborg and it attracts both participants and spectators not just nationally but also from other countries. Street-racing is described as a difficult challenge to solve, and the problem has a tendency of moving rather than being solved when an effort is made. By looking at previous research from countries where street-racing is even more strongly rooted, in combination with newly gathered knowledge on how the work continues on a local level in Sweden, suggestions are given on how to work effectively against street-racing.

Bibliography: pages 275-294.
The political economies of segregation and apartheid contributed to the production and reproduction of a mainly Coloured working-class enclave in Tramway Road and Ilford Street, Sea Point, during the 20th century. Against this background, this thesis discusses activities performed by residents of the enclave in their residential area, activities that reflected the changing political economies and through which the residents themselves produced and reproduced their residential area. From the 1920s through to 1961, the enclave was both a product and a response to the successive political economies of segregation and apartheid. Excerpts of life history interviews are used to discuss activities that residents performed. Those activities discussed focus on the household, occupation, leisure, race and class. In doing so, this thesis is a micro-study of Tramway Road and Ilford Street. Part of the discussion of households and occupation is based on a household survey that was conducted in Tramway and Ilford streets around August 1961. Combined with oral history excerpts, the survey shows that household structure changed over time and in response to conditions internal and external to the enclave. Oral history excerpts are also used to discuss the occupations of people who lived in the enclave. To date there has been little discussion on the working lives of Coloureds in the now-destroyed residential areas. Oral history excerpts and data from the 1961 survey emphasise that the gender and race bias of the political economy limited the occupational status and income of the residents. Based on the 1961 survey, tables on the wages of females and males and household income were developed to support discussion on occupation and the economic well-being of households. The data and excerpts provide evidence of the legacy of the political economy of segregation and its role in the reproduction of a mainly Coloured working-class residential area. Owing to the mainly working-class character of the enclave, residents interacted in ways that promoted their economic well-being and helped to sustain households that lived in the residential area. Oral history excerpts are used to discuss race and class. Matters related to race examines ways that residents of the enclave responded to the racialisation of space in Sea Point. Matters related to class focus on how a general working-class status was expressed through housing but how the inhabitants communicated their personal status through material possession and inter- and intra-class distinction. In doing so, the thesis discusses how segregation and apartheid not only informed a sense of race identity but also contributed to class distinction and tension in the residential area. Newspaper, municipal and city archives are used to discuss the historical origins of the enclave and the concerns of city officials about the condition of the dwellings there. Newspaper archives and oral history excerpts also form an important part of the discussion of the forced removal of the residents of the enclave in 1959-1961. Minutes of meetings and personal communication provide data on the process of restitution for Tramway Road in 1997-2001. Through this micro-study of Tramway and Ilford streets, this thesis is meant to contribute to the histories of now-destroyed residential areas of Cape Town.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of doctor of philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.

This thesis challenges the common, simplistic understanding of Los Angeles’ Olvera Street as merely a cultural landmark or popular historic site. Instead, I argue that, as a ‘Mexican marketplace’ that is simultaneously presented as historical, Olvera Street has been imbued with substantial power to shape the perception of Latinx culture and identity in Los Angeles. To investigate Olvera Street’s role as a key site in the larger struggle over racial and cultural meaning in the city, I begin with a historical analysis of the social and political contexts of the site’s construction. I then investigate the relationship between Sterling’s original vision for Olvera Street and the way the site is framed, imagined, and physically constructed today. I then examine the potential consequences of the discovery that Olvera Street continues to produce hegemonic ideas about Mexicans and Mexican culture in Los Angeles. Finally, I explore how Olvera Street’s merchants both as individuals and collectively through the Olvera Street Merchants Association Foundation (OSMAF) have substantial power to shape the meanings assigned to Mexican (and more broadly Latinx) identity at Olvera Street.

Chan Chiu-yuen Lawrence.
Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Introduction
Chapter Chapter One
Chapter A. --- Root of Pentecostalism: the Black Heritage
Chapter B. --- Transcending Race & Class
Chapter a. --- History of the Marginalized Black Slave in America
Chapter i. --- Social Context in America: Slavery & Racism
Chapter ii. --- Formation of Black church
Chapter b. --- The Outpouring of the Spirit: Transcending Race and Class
Chapter Chapter Two --- Transforming Christianity: Inculturation
Chapter a. --- The Concept of Inculturation
Chapter b. --- Worship in the Azusa Street Revival
Chapter c. --- African Heritage
Chapter d. --- Worship
Chapter e. --- Spirit Possession
Chapter Chapter Three --- Yielding Detraditionalization
Chapter a. --- Marginalization of Women in Mission
Chapter i. --- Masculine Domination of Missionary Societies
Chapter ii. --- Traditional Roles of Women
Chapter iii. --- Opposition of a Single Woman as a Missionary
Chapter iv. --- Resistance of Setting-up of Women's Board
Chapter v. --- Unjust Criticisms from Masculine Organizations
Chapter vii. --- Widow Case
Chapter b. --- Patriarchal Christian Tradition
Chapter c. --- Pentecostal Women in Mission
Chapter d. --- The Power of Holy Spirit: Detraditionalization
Conclusion
Bibliography

ABSTRACT This research report is a critical analysis of the iconography of six HIV/Aids murals from Johannesburg and Durban, in terms of race, class and gender. The six examples are community murals which were used as a social awareness tool to disseminate information on HIV/Aids to a supposedly highly illiterate Black audience public. This research focuses predominantly on the issue of stereotypes, and how certain societal stereotypes of Others are manifested in these HIV/Aids murals. My analysis also tries to make evident, how difficult it is for muralists to visually represent HIV/Aids facts, in addressing ‘high-risk’ groups. This report also tries to show that key issues of HIV/Aids transmission are often overlooked or omitted for various reasons. I argue that, given the importance of HIV/Aids murals as educative tools, muralists have to be made aware of their role in the possible perpetuation of societal racial, gender and class stereotypes, and how such perpetuation of stereotypes can contribute to the continued stigmatization of the disease. The final chapter of this research examines my own practical work that was produced as a requirement for the MA (Fine Art) degree. It analyses my performance-exhibition Walking the Line. My commentary focuses on how the social phenomenon of street trade in the Johannesburg city centre and specifically the ‘refurbishment’ of the Johannesburg Fashion District influenced my art practice. My analysis is further extended to the use of my own body in the performance, to consciously engage notions of hybridized identity.

This dissertation examines the ways in which Ferréz Sacolinha, Junot Díaz and Ernesto Quiñonez negotiate the global subordination of diasporic subjects in São Paulo and New York. Through a street aesthetic of the urban underworld, these four writers explore social inequalities tied to race and social class in the urban periphery. In São Paulo, Ferréz and Sacolinha use the public transit system to examine the contained mobility of residents of the periferia. Through encounters with criminality, Ferréz critiques the image of the criminoso associated with the marginal space of the periferia. Sacolinha analyzes systemic inequalities through the cobrador's use of the perua, which functions as a subversive tactic against governmental organizations. In New York, Junot Díaz and Ernesto Quiñonez address the marginalization of urban Latino youth on the streets of the inner city. Díaz complicates the fractured identity of Dominican American youth who experience stigma in relation to the U.S.'s black-white racial binary. By dissecting the relationship between crime and hegemonic social structures, Quiñonez traces Spanish Harlem residents' colonized, racialized status as Puerto Ricans in New York. In the literary works of the four authors, young protagonists roam the streets, maintaining a macho demeanor to conceal their insecurities and to appear to others -- and more importantly to themselves -- as tough individuals who will not crack under pressure. The aggressive, fearless attitude that they embody allows them to survive the inner city streets. They face an endless cycle of suspicion, racial discrimination and lack of resources, which limits their chances for social mobility.

Representation is an enduring area of research in Political Science. While there has been an extensive amount of research in the area of minority representation, there is substantially less work considering multiple identities. Using the concept of intersectionality, this dissertation explores the role of multiple identities in representation. I argue that intersectional representation, that is, representation based on multiple identities provides a thorough interpretation of real world phenomena. To test my arguments, I utilize quantitative methods to empirically assess the role of intersectional representation on public policy outcomes. The goal of this dissertation is three-fold. First, I incorporate the concept of intersectionality of race and gender into the public policy and public management literature. Second, I explore intersectionality and representation with gender from a perspective that has not been extensively addressed in the political science literature—namely, a concentration on males, instead of females. Third, I develop a theory of intersectional representation which links to public policy outcomes. In order to test my theory, I explore the role of Black male representation in the bureaucracy and in local political bodies on Black male student outcomes. I find that representation based on both race and gender is associated with both positive and negative public policy outcomes for Black male students. Specifically, in Chapter I, the results indicate that Black male teachers are associated with a decreased presence of Black male students in low tracked courses and upper level honors courses. The following chapter shows that intersectional political representation, that is, Black male school board representation, is also associated with positive outcomes for Black male students. The last empirical chapter indicates that intersectional stability is associated with an increase of Black male students in low track courses. In general, the findings indicate that intersectional representation is consequential for public policy outcomes, both in negative and positive ways. The dissertation challenges the way representation is conceptualized, as to capture the simultaneous effect of both race and gender on public policy outcomes of represented groups.