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1
Kelm, Bert. „Strandinger ved Rømø i 1700-tallet“. Sønderjydske Årbøger 109, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/soenderjydskeaarboeger.v109i1.81253.
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Podesta, Michela, Angela D'Amico, Gianni Pavan, Aimilia Drougas, Anastasia Komnenou und Nicola Portunato. „A review of Cuvier’s beaked whale strandings in the Mediterranean Sea“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, Nr. 3 (14.03.2023): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i3.735.
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Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is the only species of beaked whale commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, a deep, semienclosed basin. Beaked whales are generally an offshore family often found in association with the canyons and steep escarpments common to the area. Much of the current knowledge of this species has been derived from strandings data. Historically, strandings data for the Mediterranean Sea has been collected by individual researchers and more recently, over the last two decades, by national strandings networks. We reviewed strandings data collected by strandings networks from Italy, Greece, Spain and France. Additionally, we compiled strandings information gleaned from the literature, personal communications, regional newspapers and the world wide web from countries that border the Mediterranean Sea. While this review is certainly not exhaustive, it has allowed the creation of an extensive geo-referenced basin wide database using a geographic information system (GIS) of over 300 stranding events. The acquired data permit documentation of the number of mass stranding events, allow general observations about distribution and chronology of stranding events dating back to 1803 and enables evaluation of strandings based on several different criteria. The first recorded mass stranding event was in 1963 off Genova, Italy. Analysis shows that specific geographic stranding areas can be identified, even though the level of effort undertaken in the different countries may vary.
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ten Doeschate, Mariel T. I., Andrew C. Brownlow, Nicholas J. Davison und Paul M. Thompson. „Dead useful; methods for quantifying baseline variability in stranding rates to improve the ecological value of the strandings record as a monitoring tool“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, Nr. 5 (11.05.2017): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000698.
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The ecological value of the stranding record is often challenged due to the complexity in quantifying the biases associated with multiple components of the stranding process. There are biological, physical and social aspects that complicate the interpretation of stranding data particularly at a population level. We show how examination of baseline variability in the historical stranding record can provide useful insights into temporal trends and facilitate the detection of unusual variability in stranding rates. Seasonal variability was examined using harbour porpoise strandings between 1992 and 2014 on the east coast of Scotland. Generalized Additive Mixed modelling revealed a strong seasonal pattern, with numbers increasing from February towards a peak in April. Profiling seasonality this way facilitates detection of unusual variations in stranding frequencies and permits for any change in the incidence of strandings to be quantified by evaluation of the normalized model residuals. Consequently, this model can be used to identify unusual mortality events, and quantify the degree to which they deviate from baseline. With this study we demonstrate that a described baseline in strandings allows the detection of abnormalities at an early stage and can be used as a regional framework of reference for monitoring. This methodology provides means to quantify and partition the variability associated with strandings data and is a useful first step towards improving the stranding record as a management resource.
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Norman, S. A., C. E. Bowlby, M. S. Brancato, J. Calambokidis, D. Duffield, P. J. Gearin, T. A. Gornall et al. „Cetacean strandings in Oregon and Washington between 1930 and 2002“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 6, Nr. 1 (16.03.2023): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v6i1.795.
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The Northwest Region (NWR) Marine Mammal Stranding Network was created in the early 1980s to provide a consistent framework in which to collect and compile data about marine mammal strandings in Oregon and Washington. The NWR includes the nearshore waters and 4,243km (2,632 n.miles) of coastline. For the years 1930-2002, there were 904 stranding events, representing 951 individual animals and 23 species: 4 species of balaenopterids, 1 eschrichtiid, 2 physeterids, 4 ziphiids, 10 delphinids and 2 phocoenids. Gender was determined for 343 males and 266 females. Only one mass stranding was recorded (sperm whales: 1979). A few species comprised the majority (71%) of stranding events in the NWR: harbour porpoise (34%), gray whales (23%), Dall’s porpoise (12%) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (4%). There was a steep increase (511%) in the number of stranding reports beginning in the 1980s with over 86% of all records occurring during the last two decades (1980s and 1990s). The general trend of increased reported strandings during the last two decades corresponds to the formation of a formal stranding network and a heightened interest and dedication by the public and government agencies in reporting and documenting strandings. For all events combined, the primary stranding peak was April-July. Since stranding recoveries depend heavily on reports from the general public, most stranding records were in summer when more people are present along the coastline. Individual species or species groups showed varying levels of conformity to this overall seasonal trend. The value and limitations of the use of strandings data in a management context are discussed.
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Pradip Na Thalang, Pangram, Sukanya Thongratsakul und Chaithep Poolkhet. „Spatial, Temporal, and Geographical Factors Associated with Stranded Marine Endangered Species in Thailand during 2006–2015“. Biology 12, Nr. 3 (15.03.2023): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12030448.
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The stranding of endangered marine animals is cause for concern. We used spatial and temporal analyses to investigate the stranding of endangered marine species (whales, dolphins, dugongs, and sea turtles) in Thailand, based on stranding data and geographical records during 2006–2015. A total of 1988 stranding events were obtained, including 105 whales (5.28%), 714 dolphins (35.92%), 103 dugongs (5.18%), and 1065 sea turtles (53.57%), at an average of 198.80 stranded animals/year (standard deviation = 47.19). Most strandings occurred along the Gulf of Thailand (56.94%), while the rest occurred along the Andaman Sea (43.06%). Cluster and kernel analyses showed that strandings were the most common in Phuket Province. The average number of stranded animals in the rainy season was significantly higher than that in summer and winter (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the coastline of Thailand was significantly associated with the number of seasonal strandings (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant association between environmental factors and the number of strandings. In conclusion, surveillance systems based on spatial and temporal analyses should be established to monitor stranded animals. This will help relevant authorities to rescue stranded animals more effectively and to study the causes of stranding.
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Hamilton, L. J., und K. Lindsay. „The relation of coastal geomorphology to larger mass strandings of odontocetes around Australia“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 14, Nr. 1 (01.02.2023): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v14i1.533.
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Sites of larger live mass strandings (10 to 250 individuals) for five selected odontocete (toothed whale) species around Australia are examined to see if they have any characteristics or properties which might be related to the strandings. Bays are the significant coastal unit in the 66 events reported over a 100 year period; only three events were not within bays but on open sandy coastlines. Species, species adult size and bay size do not appear to be factors in these larger stranding events. The reason for the association of bays with larger mass strandings is not obvious. Many of the bays have simple planform and uncomplicated bathymetry. However, they share some properties previously associated with strandings that are a consequence of the processes of bay formation. Coastal locations other than particular types of bays do not necessarily have all of these properties, potentially explaining why these bays dominate the Australian mass stranding record. A chain of geomorphological, physical, and biological factors can be constructed to explain the role of the bays in mass strandings. Regardless of this possible explanation, there is an observed correlation of particular site properties with larger live mass strandings about Australia which might be expected to have predictive power in indicating potential mass stranding sites. This is particularly apparent when key properties of stranding sites are defined and compared in terms of simple quantitative thresholds. The sites of herd strandings around New Zealand generally exhibit the expected properties.
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Hamilton, L. J., und K. Lindsay. „Beaked whale strandings on the coast of Australia in comparison to those of other cetaceans“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 14, Nr. 1 (01.02.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v14i1.518.
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Beaked whale (Ziphiidae) strandings on the coast of Australia are examined in comparison to five other odontocete (toothed whale) species and two mysticetes (baleen whales) representative of non-Ziphiids found stranded in Australian waters. Ninety percent of reported beaked whale strandings involve a single animal. Seven beaked whale stranding events of three or more individuals have been recorded from 1871 to 2010, with a maximum in any event of 6. The five non-Ziphiid odontocetes had maximum numbers in a stranding of 13, 51, 65, 200, and 250, and a combined total of 66 events with 10+ in a stranding. The mysticetes had almost exclusively single strandings. Similar trends for the Ziphiids and other cetaceans are generally observed worldwide, although larger numbers of Ziphiids have stranded elsewhere. Continental scale geographical stranding patterns are similar for the Ziphiids, the five non-Ziphiid odontocetes, and the two mysticetes, although not for the same reasons. Reported strandings predominantly occurred around the southern half of Australia south of 20°S. On average around three times as many beaked whale stranding events per month occurred for the period January to April than for July to December. The monthly trend for beaked whale strandings follows the seasonal cycle of sea temperatures, indicating a relation to oceanic phenomena, rather than to the often invoked effect of increased observer effort in months with warmer air temperatures. Some single and dual beaked whale strandings which include a female may be related to use of shallow sheltered waters for calving and subsequent resting.
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Solanou, Maria, Aliki Panou, Irida Maina, Stefanos Kavadas und Marianna Giannoulaki. „Ten Years of Mediterranean Monk Seal Stranding Records in Greece under the Microscope: What Do the Data Suggest?“ Animals 14, Nr. 9 (26.04.2024): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14091309.
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This paper presents the results of an analysis of stranding events of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus over a decade. The analysis involved categorization according to the cause of stranding and seasonality, the identification of hotspot stranding areas and an assessment of possible correlations between stranding events and environmental/climatic patterns using time series analysis. Moreover, Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were applied to explore the effects of the size of small-scale fishing grounds, the number of species sightings, and the occurrence of reproduction sites on “human-related” strandings. Finally, special focus was put on the central part of the eastern Ionian Sea for the assessment of stranding hotspot areas by means of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, based on different kinds of spatial information such as anthropogenic pressures and the location of breeding sites and feeding grounds. Time series analysis results revealed that oscillation indices, during the first half of the year, and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Mediterranean from October to December were positively correlated with monk seal stranding events. GAMs underlined that areas combining extended small-scale fishery grounds and a higher number of sightings were more likely to cause more strandings. Regarding spatial analyses, the central Aegean Sea was highlighted as a hotspot for “human-related strandings”, while the MCDA approach emphasized that the southern coasts of Cephalonia and the gulf between Lefkada and mainland Greece were susceptible to subadult strandings.
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McFee, Wayne E., und Sally R. Hopkins-Murphy. „Trends in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) strandings in South Carolina, USA, 1997-2003: implications for the Southern North Carolina and South Carolina Management Units“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 8, Nr. 2 (08.03.2023): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v8i2.715.
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Trends in marine mammal stranding rates over multiple years can provide useful information on life history parameters, seasonal and spatial distribution and both natural and human-induced mortality rates when compared with baseline data. Data of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) stranding rates in South Carolina, USA from 1997-2003 were analysed. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare recent trends in strandings with baseline data (1992-1996) for South Carolina; (2) compare strandings between the Southern North Carolina Management Unit (SNCMU) and the South Carolina Management Unit (SCMU); (3) determine annual, seasonal and spatial trends in bottlenose dolphin strandings; (4) investigate seasonal reproductive trends; and (5) determine the extent to which humans may affect stranding rates (human interactions). Bottlenose dolphins stranded in South Carolina are assumed to be from at least two of the seven management units recognised by the National Marine Fisheries Service in the Western North Atlantic: the SNCMU and the SCMU. During the study period, 302 bottlenose dolphin strandings were reported in South Carolina and stranding counts were analysed using a Generalised Linear Model. Results showed that there were significantly more bottlenose dolphin strandings in the spring and autumn as compared with summer and winter. The effect of season was highly significant for the number of neonate strandings, suggesting a bimodal reproductive cycle in spring and autumn for the study area. A significant increase in the number of strandings of all age classes was found in the autumn for the northern portion of the State (SNCMU), supporting the assumption that bottlenose dolphins from the north migrate into South Carolina waters during this time of year. Rope entanglements was the most common source of human interaction, with the crab pot fishery the most prevalent source of fishery mortality in South Carolina. This study demonstrates the usefulness of a long-term stranding database by increasing knowledge of temporal and spatial patterns and for monitoring neonate and human-induced mortality.
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Aragones, Lemnuel V., Alessandra Nicole L. Morado, Marie Christine M. Obusan, Honey Leen M. Laggui, Jonah L. Bondoc, Leo Jonathan A. Suarez und Ewen Kye Lawler. „Spatiotemporal Variation of Stranded Marine Mammals in the Philippines from 2005 to 2022: Latest Stranding Hotspots and Species Stranding Status“. Aquatic Mammals 50, Nr. 4 (15.07.2024): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.50.4.2024.302.
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This follow-up study to the first assessment of Philippine marine mammal strandings (1998 to 2009) assesses the spatiotemporal variation of strandings and the top five most frequently stranded species from a 2005-2022 dataset. It identifies stranding hotspot areas, estimates species stranding rates/status, and examines species composition and other stranding information. The 18-year database contained 1,368 stranding events with an annual average of 76 events. The total annual stranding frequency increased over the initial study period but fluctuated in the last seven years. Of the 30 species of marine mammals known in the Philippines, 27 species (26 cetaceans and one sirenian) were recorded in stranding records, and the top five most frequently stranded were (1) spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), (2) dugongs (Dugong dugon), (3) Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus), (4) Fraser’s dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei), and (5) melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra). Strandings consisted mostly of single animals (95%), and 55% of animals stranded alive. For each of the top five species, the frequency of stranding events increased annually. There was a peak in stranding frequency during the pre-southwest inter-monsoon season (March-April-May) for spinner and Risso’s dolphins as well as melon-headed whales, with no seasonal trend for the Fraser’s dolphins and dugongs. We identified stranding hotspots within 15 × 15 km grids along the coastline of the major island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Thirty-five percent (497 of 1,422 grids) of the Philippine coastline had stranding records, with the majority in Luzon (n = 238), followed by Mindanao (n = 130) and Visayas (n = 128). Thirty-five stranding hotspots were identified: 24 in Luzon, 10 in Mindanao, and one in Visayas. Species stranding status categories were generated from log transformed stranding rates per species into standardized classification by quartiles. The stranding status of the top five most frequently stranded species was “very frequent” for spinner dolphins, and “frequent” for Fraser’s and Risso’s dolphins, dugongs, and melon-headed whales. The spatiotemporal variation of stranded marine mammals reflects the dynamic nature of the Philippine archipelago driven by monsoons and inter-monsoons and is exacerbated by fishing pressure and illegal activities. This study showed the importance of robust long-term marine mammal stranding databases for monitoring strandings and generating relevant information essential for their conservation.
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Lima, Eduardo Cabral Casado. „A note on strandings of Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the southwestern Atlantic“. IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 21, Nr. 1 (10.09.2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v21i1.180.
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The aim of the present study is to trace a diagnosis of Bryde´s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) strandings in jurisdictional Brazilian waters through the compilation of published records and those conveyed in communication channels. During 1972 and 2015, 74 strandings were documented between the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Maranhão. The results point out statistically significant differences between the frequencies of strandings in relation to Brazilian regions (χ² = 103.17), with the highest abundance found for the Southeast region (71.62%). Statistically significant differences were also observed between stranding frequency and sexual maturity (χ² = 12.31), with a higher abundance for sexually mature females(54.25%). No statistically significant difference between the stranding frequency in relation to seasonality (χ² = 2.34) was observed. Regarding sex, no statistically significant difference between stranding frequency for males and females was found (χ²=3.12). A trend of increasing B.edeni strandings was observed from the 1980s onwards, by the use of a simple linear regression. This may be due to population growth of the species, increased monitoring throughout the Brazilian coast, and/or increased anthropogenic threats. Thus,stranding monitoring is important for the adoption of conservation measures for this species, as well as for the determination of regional stocks through genetic analyses.
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Ramos, Renata M. A., Salvatore Siciliano, Monica Borobia, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Jose Luis A. Pizzorno, Ana Bernadete L. Fragoso, Jose Lailson-Brito Jr., Alexandre de Freitas Azevedo, Paulo Cesar Simoes-Lopes und Marcos Cesar De Oliveira Santos. „A note on strandings and age of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the Brazilian coast“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 3, Nr. 3 (24.05.2023): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v3i3.882.
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This note compiles recorded strandings of sperm whales on the Brazilian coast. A known total of 95 sperm whales (62 single and one mass stranding of 33 individuals) stranded along the Brazilian coast from 1967-2000. A higher incidence of single strandings was observed in northeastern Brazil ( ~ 05°-17°S). No strandings occurred in lower latitudes ( < 14°S) from June-September. The seasonal and spatial pattern observed by the reported strandings may indicate higher stranding rates in higher latitudes ( ~ 18-25°S) between June and August (winter) and in lower latitudes ( ~ 3-7°S) between January and April (summer and spring). Strandings of smaller sperm whales (3-4.5m) were observed during the austral summer and autumn, indicating seasonality in the birth season. Growth-layer counts of three specimens provide the first data on age of sperm whales for Brazil.
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Russell, Mackenzie, Jennifer Bloodgood und Ruth Carmichael. „Spatial, temporal and demographic patterns of cetacean strandings in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 23, Nr. 1 (08.11.2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v23i1.356.
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There are few published reports that summarise long‐term stranding data for cetaceans in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Cetacean stranding data from Alabama (AL) in the northcentral GoM have been recorded since 1978, with dedicated stranding response beginning in 1987, providing an opportunity to characterise spatial, temporal and demographic stranding patterns for this unique area, which links the eastern and western northern GoM coastline. To elucidate long‐term patterns, we analysed stranding records in AL from 1978–2018, taking into consideration the effects of periodic unusual mortality events (UMEs) on stranding demographics. During this 41‐year period, 774 stranding events were recorded involving at least 13 different cetacean species. Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were the most reported stranded cetacean (n = 692, 89.4%), followed by Stenella spp. (n = 31, 4.0%). Spatial analysis revealed three stranding hotspots for bottlenose dolphins and an additional hotspot for non‐bottlenose dolphin species that may represent a geographic influence in the northcentral GoM for strandings of offshore cetaceans. Because strandings were dominated by bottlenose dolphins, additional demographic analyses were possible for this species. Strandings occurred most often in the spring (March–May), and females and foetuses stranded more often in calving (January–April) than non‐calving season, consistent with increased mortality related to birthing or reproductive‐associated events. Subadults were found stranded more often than other size classes, indicating a potential stranding bias for this age class. These data are critical to guide future stranding response efforts, define vulnerable populations and help understand causes of mortality through time in the northcentral GoM. Our findings also highlight the importance of long‐term, consistent stranding response to enable identifying spatial and temporal trends that are necessary to support meaningful, range‐wide management and conservation.
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Gomes da Cunha Ramos, Hernani, Adriana Castaldo Colosio, Milton César Calzavara Marcondes, Fabio Conceição Fontes, Cristiano Gil Dapper, Rodrigo De Oliveira Campos, Renato David Ghisolfi, Ricardo Bovendorp und Júlio Ernesto Baumgarten. „Carcass non-recovery rate of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), calibrated with a drift mark-recapture study at FMA Ia, Brazil“. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 17, Nr. 2 (31.10.2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00288.
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The franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is one of the smallest dolphins globally and the most threatened in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Beach monitoring helps to investigate cetacean strandings within their distributions and assess impacts that cause mortality. Using drifters in mark-recapture studies helps to estimate recovery rates when carcasses are unavailable. The study aims to estimate the non-recovery rate of franciscana carcasses from FMA Ia by comparing the spatial distribution between carcasses and drifters along the coast; correlating the influence of cold fronts with the recovery rate of drifters; estimating the non-recovery rate of carcasses according to the drifters’ results and the meteorological profile in the pre-stranding period; characterizing the death diagnostic with temporal distribution of franciscanas by considering the stranding index and the carcass non-recovery rates. We repeated the release of 54 drifters in two campaigns close to the coast within the range of franciscana dolphins, where beaches are monitored daily, in the north region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The carcass stranding hotspots (21%) and drifters (18%) were 10 km apart. Cold fronts significantly increase the number of strandings. Considering the incidence of cold fronts in the pre-stranding period and linear regression from drifters, the median carcass recovery rate is 0.26, 95% IC [0.22 - 0.29], which means that for each stranding, the carcass non-recovery rate varies from 0.78 to 0.71. The range between 265 to 350 estimates the total of carcasses from 77 strandings observed from 2003 to 2021. The record year of strandings was 2014 (n = 14). About 52% of records occurred in summer, and January is the month with the highest occurrence of strandings. Of the conclusive diagnoses (n = 43), around 77% (n = 33) were attributed to incidental capture in gillnets. Estimating the number of carcasses based on stranding records is essential for population viability analyses and conservation purposes, especially considering small and isolated populations as in the present study. To prevent local extinction, a solution to avoid incidental capture, especially along summers, must be addressed quickly.
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Chou, Lien-Siang, Chiou-Ju Yao, Ming-Chih Wang, Wei-Lien Chi, Yun Ho und Wei-Cheng Yang. „Cetacean Stranding Response Program and Spatial–Temporal Analysis in Taiwan, 1994–2018“. Animals 14, Nr. 12 (19.06.2024): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121823.
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A national cetacean stranding response program in Taiwan has evolved significantly in the past three decades. Initially co-ordinated by National Taiwan University from 1994, the program transitioned to the Taiwan Cetacean Society in 1999, and local governments took on a more prominent role after 2009. A comprehensive stranding database (1994–2018) has been maintained, which documented 1320 stranding events involving 1698 animals from at least 27 species. The most commonly stranded species include finless porpoises, bottlenose dolphins, Kogia spp., and Risso’s dolphins. The stranding rates varied annually and seasonally, with increases noted from an average of 16 events per year for the first 3 years to 44–58 events per year between 1997 and 2015, and a sharp rise to over 90 events per year for the period of the last three years. Seasonal variations were also significant, with higher stranding rates during the northeastern monsoon (NEM, October to next April) than that during southwestern monsoon (SWM, May to September). From the aspect of distribution, more frequent and even strandings occurred along the coast of northern Taiwan, while mass strandings were concentrated in the southwestern counties during NEM. Among all strandings, 390 events (29.5%) and 660 animals (38.9%) were live ones. Under great effort in rescuing and rehabilitating 52 cases, 15 cetacean individuals have been released since 2000. Additionally, there have been 56 mass strandings involving at least 11 species since 1994, predominated by pygmy killer whales, particularly during the NEM season along the southwest coast. This study not only contributes to our understanding of the stranding patterns and diversity of the cetaceans in Taiwan, but also provides valuable insights for future conservation strategies on cetaceans in the western Pacific.
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Vishnyakova, Karina, und Pavel Gol'din. „Seasonality of strandings and bycatch of harbour porpoises in the Sea of Azov: the effects of fisheries, weather conditions, and life history“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, Nr. 3 (04.11.2014): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu192.
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Abstract In this study, we analyse seasonal aspects of harbour porpoise strandings in the Sea of Azov and discuss factors affecting the stranding rate. Data on 633 strandings were obtained from monitoring of a 35-km long area of the south coast of the Sea of Azov in 1999–2013. A distinct peak of strandings fell in July and August: it depended on the bycatch peak and calving season. Stranding rates depended neither on weather conditions nor on the seasonal fishing activities (including IUU fisheries). Moreover, stranding peaks in the neighbouring Black Sea were also tied to the calving season rather than to the fishing activities. We suggest that the seasonal mortality patterns are indirectly determined by nutritional stress: in Atlantic, winter-stranding oceanic populations and summer-stranding inner-sea populations occur that also possibly differ in the seasonal dynamics of body mass, weaning time or duration of mother–calf association, and dentine structure. In a typical summer-stranding population, summer is the season of nutritional stress, parturition, independent foraging of yearlings and lactation of nursing females, which leads to the risky foraging behaviour near gillnets. Another possible factor of increased bycatch is the seasonal habitat preference, corresponding to the gillnet preferences. Therefore, stranding and bycatch seasonality of porpoises can largely be explained by the aspects of their life history and foraging behaviour rather than by weather conditions and fisheries. This supports the time–area closure strategy as an adequate conservation measure, which would consider minimizing the conflict of interest with fisheries.
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Romanov, Evgeny V., Michel Potier, R. Charles Anderson, Jean Pascal Quod, Frédéric Ménard, Shahaama A. Sattar und Peter Hogarth. „Stranding and mortality of pelagic crustaceans in the western Indian Ocean“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, Nr. 8 (13.07.2015): 1677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541500096x.
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Recent observations of unusual mass stranding and mortality of two Indian Ocean crustacean species, the swimming crabCharybdis smithiiand the mantis shrimpNatosquilla investigatoris, are documented and analysed. Strandings ofC. smithiiwere observed for the first time in the equatorial Indian Ocean, the main area of its pelagic distribution. Strandings of mantis shrimps are reported from throughout the western Indian Ocean; occurrences of mass stranding in the Maldives Archipelago mark an extension of the known range ofN. investigatorisinto the central Indian Ocean. Mortality of crabs probably represents a ‘catastrophic event’. In contrast, mantis shrimp strandings, which were always associated with a sudden increase of its biomass (‘blooms’), are apparently post-reproduction mortalities indicating potential semelparity for this species.
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Yang, Shaobo, Shengfa Li, Yan Jin und Zunlei Liu. „Changing Trends in Cetacean Strandings in the East China Sea: Identifying Relevant Variables and Implications for Conservation and Management“. Diversity 15, Nr. 10 (13.10.2023): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15101082.
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The frequency of cetacean strandings is increasing, with multiple causes identified. We examined temporal and spatial trends in stranding numbers along the coastal areas of the East China Sea from 1990 to 2021. Using structural equation models, we analyzed the relationships between strandings and climate, oceanic properties, and human activities. Our findings revealed time-dependent interannual variability in strandings but no linear trend, indicating relative stability in cetacean strandings. Seasonal patterns were observed only in narrow-ridged finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis), with significant spring increases (March to May). Clustering of strandings occurred in central Fujian and northern/southern Taiwan, according to spatial analysis. The impact of variables on cetacean strandings varied across time periods. Storm surges, coastal fishing, and the Pacific decadal oscillation were associated with stranding events from 1990 to 2006. However, from 2006 to 2021, the influence of storm surges weakened, while the climate index only indirectly affected strandings through sea surface temperature and salinity, with an increased intensity in the effects of winter sea surface temperature and salinity. Structural equation models unveiled the cascading effects of environmental changes on strandings. This study reports changing trends in cetacean strandings and identifies relevant variables. Although not exhaustive, understanding the reasons behind strandings enhances our comprehension of cetacean responses to environmental changes, supporting targeted conservation and management efforts.
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Adulyanukosol, Kanjana, Surasak Thaongsukdee und Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong. „Cetaceans and mass strandings in Thai waters“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 12, Nr. 2 (08.02.2023): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v12i2.572.
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A total of 25 species of cetaceans have been recorded in Thai waters from stranding and sighting records. A summary of these, together with details of five mass strandings on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand, are reported here. The first mass stranding, of nine spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) was at Talibong Island, Trang Province, in January 1999; six carcasses were examined and three were lost. The second record comprised five spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) stranded at Ban Ko Kho Khao, Phang-nga, in February 1999; two dolphins were released alive. The third stranding was of eight spotted dolphins at Mai Phai Island, Phang-nga, in March 2006; five animals died and three were released alive. The fourth mass stranding was of 30 false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) at Racha Yai Island, Phuket, in June 2008; 29 animals were released while one drowned. The fifth record consisted of three rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) stranded at Nam Bor Bay, Phuket, in July 2008; all three were returned to the open sea. It was difficult to determine the causes of death of the stranded dolphins. However, it was possible that the first two mass strandings were caused by disease. Some strandings were possibly influenced by the landscape of the stranding locations (narrow bay in one case, wide gently sloping beach in another).
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BARTHELMESS, K., und I. SVANBERG. „Two eighteenth-century strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on the Swedish coast“. Archives of Natural History 36, Nr. 1 (April 2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000636.
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Strandings and sightings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Swedish waters are rare. Only two strandings are recorded from the eighteenth century. The oldest of 1718 is not widely known, whilst hitherto the more recent one of 1749 was little known to zoologists. Details are provided of the two strandings, and of two ink-and-wash drawings of the 1749 stranding.
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Danil, Kerri, Susan J. Chivers, Mike D. Henshaw, Janet L. Thieleking, Risa Daniels und Judy A. St. Leger. „Cetacean strandings in San Diego County, California, USA: 1851–2008“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 11, Nr. 2 (14.02.2023): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v11i2.622.
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There were 717 cetacean strandings recorded in San Diego County, California, USA between 1851 and 2008. These strandings comprised 18 odontocete and 6 mysticete species. Common dolphins (both the short-beaked (Delphinus delphis) and long-beaked common dolphin (D. capensis)) were the most commonly stranded cetacean species (43.2%), followed by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (16.5%), gray whales (Eschrictius robustus) (11.0%), and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhyncus obliquidens) (7.0%). A higher number of strandings was observed in the La Jolla and Coronado/Imperial Beach areas, which likely reflects the influence of coastal protrusions in those regions. Strandings of bottlenose dolphin neonates suggests their calving season extends from May to September. Strandings of common dolphin species peaked in the early- to mid-1970s and in the late-1990s to 2008, coincident with cool oceanographic regimes. In addition, extralimital strandings of harbour porpoises and temporal changes in stranding rates of Dall’s porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) may have been associated with changes in oceanographic conditions. Evidence of human interaction in strandings included entanglements, boat strikes, shootings and harpooning. Overall, the stranding record largely reflected the species composition of the Southern California Bight and provided confirmation for presence of cryptic species not previously recorded by aerial and ship surveys.
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Krzewinski, Megan, Wayne McFee und Robert Young. „Spatial and temporal trends of Tamanend’s bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops erebennus) strandings in South Carolina, USA, 2006–2020“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 25 (19.06.2024): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v25i1.941.
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Marine mammal strandings data contribute towards overall assessments of cetacean populations, including seasonal, annual and life‐history trends which result from both natural and anthropogenic causes. We conducted spatial and temporal analyses of Tamanend’s bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops erebennus) strandings in the waters of South Carolina, USA, over a 15‐year period from 2006 to 2020, with the following objectives: (1) to determine spatial and temporal trends; (2) to analyse seasonal reproductive trends; (3) to determine life‐history parameters, such as sex ratio and age class; (4) to determine the extent to which human interaction contributed to strandings; and (5) to compare stranding patterns with historical data from 1992–2005. A total of 837 strandings occurred over the study period, with a mean of 55.8 strandings per annum. The season with most strandings was Spring (April–June), while March and April had the highest number of strandings. A relatively equal number of male and females dolphins stranded, and mortality was highest in neonates, first‐year calves and adults. Neonatal strandings comprised 22.1% of all strandings and were predominant in May. Ninety‐five human‐interaction (HI) cases were observed, representing 22.9% of strandings where HI or non‐HI could be determined. Confirmed crab‐pot buoy‐line entanglements were the predominant HI category (n = 31). Density maps and hot spot analysis showed most strandings, including live and neonatal strandings and HI cases, occurred in defined areas of Charleston and Beaufort Counties. While many trends were similar to historical data, some new trends emerged, particularly an increase of strandings in March and April. Neonatal strandings decreased in November and the historical spike during this month has essentially disappeared. The results of this analysis serve as a tool to predict stranding rates and inform conservation and management decisions to better protect bottlenose dolphins.
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Jones, T., JK Parrish und HK Burgess. „Long-term patterns of mass stranding of the colonial cnidarian Velella velella: influence of environmental forcing“. Marine Ecology Progress Series 662 (18.03.2021): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13644.
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Velella velella is a pleustonic cnidarian noted worldwide for mass stranding of the colonial phase. Utilizing a 20 yr dataset (2000-2019; 23265 surveys) collected by the COASST citizen science program, we examined the spatio-temporal occurrence of mass strandings of V. velella along the Pacific Northwest coast from Washington to northern California, USA. V. velella mass strandings were documented in 14 years, with expansive events in 2003-2006 and 2014-2019. Events predominantly occurred in spring and were synchronous (April) among years, concurrent with shifts to prevailing onshore winds. Autumn mass stranding events occurred infrequently, with no consistent phenology (2005: November; 2014: August). In stranding years, reports of V. velella were mostly synchronous throughout the surveyed area, and events consistently spanned >400 km of coastline, with highest reporting rates in the vicinity of the Columbia River plume, collectively suggesting extensive V. velella blooms throughout the northern California Current system in some years. Annual metrics of spring V. velella reporting rate (proportion of beaches; January-June) were modeled as a function of indices representing sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa), easterly (onshore) wind speed, and regional upwelling. The best models (based on Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size) indicated that SSTa averaged over the preceding winter (December-February) was positively correlated with spring reporting rate, suggesting that mass strandings of V. velella may be more prevalent in warmer years. As planetary warming continues, and V. velella strandings are easily recorded by citizen science programs globally, we suggest that stranding prevalence may be one relatively easy measure providing evidence for epipelagic ecosystem response.
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Hayashi, Shogo, Susumu Kuwajima, Kouichi Sotooka, Hisao Yamazaki und Hiroshi Murase. „A Stranding Avoidance System Using Radar Image MatchingDevelopment and Experiment“. Journal of Navigation 44, Nr. 2 (Mai 1991): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009942.
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The rates of collision and stranding at sea are very high. The primary causes of stranding are: not checking a ship's position, inadequate route planning, operational misjudgement and inefficient watchkeeping. These causes are responsible for 90 percent of strandings according to accident statistics. Reduction in stranding risk would be of considerable economic benefit and would also reduce pollution and be welcomed by shipping companies and, of course, by crews.
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MacLeod, Colin D., Graham J. Pierce und M. Begona Santos. „Geographic and temporal variations in strandings of beaked whales (Ziphiidae) on the coasts of the UK and the Republic of Ireland from 1800-2002“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 6, Nr. 1 (16.03.2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v6i1.793.
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This study analyses published records of beaked whale strandings from the coasts of the UK and the Republic of Ireland between 1800 and 2002. Strandings of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) were lowest in April and highest in September. The number of strandings between months differed significantly from an even spread over all months of the year, with more strandings between July and October. Most strandings in late summer and autumn occurred on North Sea coasts and their stomach contents included the squid Gonatus fabricii, which is found only in more northern waters. This suggests that these whales may be migrating southward at this time of year. Most strandings of Sowerby’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) also occurred in late summer and autumn, although this was not significant. Strandings of Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) occurred almost exclusively on the Atlantic coasts of the UK and in Ireland. There were significantly more Cuvier’s beaked whale strandings than expected in January and February and in June and July. A Cuvier’s beaked whale which stranded in northern Scotland in February contained similar prey to two whales stranded in north-western Spain at the same time of year, suggesting this animal could have been feeding in more southern waters prior to stranding. Seasonal patterns of strandings of northern bottlenose and Cuvier’s beaked whales were significantly different with more of the former stranding in August to October and more of the latter from November to July. This is consistent with a hypothesis of temporal segregation between the two species to reduce potential competition for prey.
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Flint, Jaylene, Mark Flint, Colin J. Limpus und Paul C. Mills. „Trends in Marine Turtle Strandings along the East Queensland, Australia Coast, between 1996 and 2013“. Journal of Marine Biology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/848923.
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In-water monitoring of marine vertebrates is usually expensive while the use of stranding data can be used to provide a cost-effective estimation of disease and mortality. Strandings for Queensland are recorded in a web based database (StrandNet) managed by the Queensland Government’s Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (EHP). Data recorded in StrandNet from the east coast of Queensland between 1996 and 2013 were investigated for patterns of stranding. Significant trends in Queensland over this time were (i) an increase in the number of animals reported stranded within this study site; (ii) a species (loggerhead and green marine turtles) prevalence; (iii) a seasonal effect on different age classes stranding with most overall strandings occurring between August and November; and (iv) stranding hotspots (Moreton Bay, Hervey Bay, Rockhampton region, and Cleveland Bays) persisting throughout the study timeframe. This study suggested that intervention strategies, such as rehabilitation, should be able to be focussed on periods of heightened importance and specific localities to minimize health risks and contribute to sustainable use of resources.
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Nemiroff, Leah, Tonya Wimmer, Pierre-Yves Daoust und Donald F. McAlpine. „Cetacean Strandings in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, 1990-2008“. Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, Nr. 1 (01.01.2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i1.1027.
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Organized cetacean stranding networks function to respond quickly and efficiently to strandings, to coordinate live releases, to gather and analyze data, and to educate the public. Stranding networks in the three Canadian Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) recently cooperated to form the Marine Animal Response Network. The resulting collaborative database provides an opportunity to assess patterns of cetacean strandings encompassing 19 years (1990-2008 inclusive) from across the region. During this period, a total of 640 stranding events involving 19 species and 881 individuals of both sexes and varying age groups were reported. Stranding events primarily involved single animals, although several mass strandings were recorded, the largest involving 60 Long-finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas). The number of strandings was found to vary substantially over time and among the three provinces. In part, this is likely a reflection of differences in local network effort among regions. Most animals were found dead ashore. Entanglement in fishing gear occurred in over 10% of the incidents. Relatively more mysticetes were found dead ashore or at sea and entangled in fishing gear than expected by chance, while more odontocetes were found stranded alive than expected. Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) appear to be especially vulnerable to entanglement in fishing gear. Necropsies, performed on a subsample of the stranded animals, suggest that Harbour Porpoises die significantly more often from disease than mishap, while Long-finned Pilot Whales and Atlantic White-sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) suffer equally from mishap and disease. Refloating was attempted for 23% of animals, with an apparent success rate of 83%, although there are no data on long-term survival. Neither sex nor age of the refloated animals was found to be an indicator of subsequent short-term survival.
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Machuca-Coronado, Oscar, Ester Quintana-Rizzo, Tannia Sandoval, M. Fabiola Corona-Figueroa und Heidy Amely Garcia. „Characteristics and spatial identification of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Sirenia: Trichechidae) strandings in Guatemala“. Revista de Biología Tropical 71, S4 (30.10.2023): e57274. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71is4.57274.
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Introduction: Marine mammal strandings can be used to determine the impacts of anthropogenic activity on the species survival, population health, and levels of environmental pollution in ecosystems. In addition, these data can help design conservation and management strategies as well as identify priority areas for the species. The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is listed as endangered throughout its range. In Guatemala, it is distributed along the Caribbean coast. Anthropogenic activities appear to be having a direct pressure on the species, affecting the status of the population.
Objective: The general purpose of this study was to analyze the 30 years of documented manatee stranding reports available for Guatemala. Two specific objectives were defined to: 1) conduct a spatial analysis of manatee strandings to identify the areas of high stranding concentration, and 2) determine whether there were sex differences in the number of strandings.
Methods: Characteristics and areas of concentration of manatee strandings were described along the Caribbean coast between 1992 to 2022. Sites with the highest probable density of strandings were identified using a Kernel density analysis. We compared the number of stranding events that occurred in each protected area that included manatees in their management plans and each municipality of Izabal. We determined whether there were sex differences in the number of stranded manatees. We use the potential biological removal to estimate the maximum number of manatees that can be removed from the population due to anthropogenic causes without negatively impacting species survival.
Results: Forty-three manatee stranding events were recorded throughout the species’ range in Guatemala (48 total individuals). The sites with the highest predicted density of strandings were Santo Tomás de Castilla bay, followed by Lake Izabal (including the limits of the Refugio de Vida Silvestre Bocas del Polochic) and Parque Nacional Río Dulce. The majority of the cases were registered in protected areas (60 %). Estimates of potential biological removal were equivalent to less than one manatee per year, which was exceeded by the annual average of stranded manatees recorded (three manatees).
Conclusions: Anthropogenic activities cause mortality of manatees in this region, despite the implementation of protected areas. Poaching was identified as the main cause of manatee mortality in Guatemala. The implementation of management strategies focused on minimizing threats to the species, based on the application of environmental legislation and environmental awareness, is essential. The creation and implementation of a protocol for the stranding of marine mammals on the Caribbean coast of Guatemala is necessary, in order to obtain standardized records of these events and conduct rescue efforts and releases when possible.
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Siciliano, Salvatore, Marcos César de Oliveira Santos, André F. C. Vicente, Fernando S. Alvarenga, Émerson Zampirolli, José Laílson Brito, Alexandre F. Azevedo und José Luis A. Pizzorno. „Strandings and feeding records of Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in south-eastern Brazil“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, Nr. 4 (August 2004): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010082h.
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Information on Balaenoptera edeni strandings along the Brazilian south-east coast and feeding associations with other marine vertebrates are reported. A total of 19 strandings were observed from 1972 to 2003 along ≈1200 km of coast. Strandings were evenly distributed among seasons with no distinguishable peaks. Besides the stranding data, opportunistic observations on Bryde's whales engaged in feeding activities were reported from nine cruises along São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro State coasts (22–24°S). Bryde's whales were observed preying on Brazilian sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis) in at least three events, and possibly two others. Associations with other marine vertebrates were observed, and included dolphin fish (Coryphaena hippurus), little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), unidentified sharks, terns (Sterna hirundinacea, Sterna spp.), brown boobies (Sula leucogaster), frigate birds (Fregata magnificens), parasitic jaeger (Stercorarius cf. parasiticus), albatrosses (Thalassarche spp.), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Stranding data and on-board observations support the hypothesis that Bryde's whales are common in coastal waters of south-eastern Brazil.
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Cutrim, Caio Henrique Gonçalves, Igor Luiz Araújo Munhoz, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch, Raísa da Silva Costa Rêgo und Vinícius Albano Araújo. „Seasonality of stranded tetrapod fauna in the Paraty Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil“. Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, Nr. 10 (20.10.2021): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.010.0014.
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The high biological productivity presented along the Brazilian coast guarantees availability of resources and also protects a diverse community of marine tetrapods. Physical and biological factors can influence in these animal mortality rates and the analysis of stranding patterns helps to comprehend the external threats, as anthropic. We analysed the effects of seasonality in richness and abundance of marine tetrapods stranded between 2016 and 2020 in the Paraty Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In total, 588 strandings were recorded, Chelonia mydas as being the species with more abundance, followed by Sula leucogaster and Sotalia guianensis. Among the 28 species, birds richness were the highest, followed by marine mammals and reptiles. There was no significant difference in the numbers of stranding records throughout the different seasons. There was more similarity in the assemblies between spring and summer. Birds and reptiles had stranding records distributed mostly in winter and spring, with the majority of marine mammals stranding being concentrated during the spring season. The strandings patterns of marine tetrapods throughout a temporal sequence in the Paraty Bay generated data that can provide animal behavior understandings and population distributions of marine tetrapods and supplement data for management plans and conservation.
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Auge, Amelie A., Hellen Otley, Nick Rendell und Veronica F. Frans. „Spatial distribution of cetacean strandings in the Falkland Islands to define monitoring opportunities“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 19, Nr. 1 (24.01.2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v19i1.410.
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The waters around the Falkland Islands are used by many species of cetaceans, including endangered and data deficient species, but little is knownabout their populations. The Falkland Islands cetacean stranding database was transformed in a geo-spatial database using the available descriptionsof the locations as no GPS locations were recorded until 2015. It was then used to analyse the spatial distribution of strandings over a periodspanning the 1880s to 2015. A total of 169 stranding events could be given a location and mapped. Twelve stranding hotspots were identified. Thispaper also reports on the first recorded stranding of false killer-whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)in the Falkland Islands, increasing the total species recorded to 26. Spatially-explicit cetacean stranding databases can provide important data tomonitor cetaceans in the light of environmental changes from climate change or industrial development. In the case of the Falkland Islands (remoteand sparsely inhabited), identification of hotspots could be used to design an aerial monitoring programme to increase chances of detecting strandingevents, organise a rescue or necropsy team to gain samples. The results in this paper should enhance local capacity to conduct research (samplecollection for pollutant analyses, genetic studies, etc.) and monitor impacts of human activities on cetacean populations, including from the historicalbaseline of average numbers and distribution of strandings provided.
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Acebes, Jo Marie, Tadasu Yamada, Jennifer Poniente, Ayaka Matsuda, Ma Louella Dolar, Marco Espiritu, Jose Ma Lorenzo Tan, Jose Ma Lorenzo Tan und Mudjekeewis Santos. „Strandings of Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) in the Philippines“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 23, Nr. 1 (20.07.2022): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v23i1.351.
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Longman’s beaked whale, Indopacetus pacificus, is one of the least known of all cetacean species. Its external appearance was only first described in the 21st century. Prior to 2004, the species was known from only six specimens. Although at least twenty more specimens were recovered from strandings since then, knowledge on the species is still very limited. In the Philippines, the first record of the species was confirmed through a stranding in Davao in 2004. Sightings of Indopacetus pacificus alive at sea in the Philippines remain unconfirmed. Herein we account for all the strandings of the species in the Philippines and describe the specimens collected and their status based on examined stranding reports and actual examination of the specimens conducted by one or more co-authors. To date, there are four confirmed strandings of the species, all sub-adult individuals, which occurred at four different sites: 1.) 5.73m male at Matina-Aplaya, Davao in 2004; 2.) 5.02m male at General Nakar, Quezon in 2016; 3.) 5.4m male at Gonzaga and 4.) 5.6m male at Sta. Ana, both in Cagayan Province in 2018. Three of the strandings occurred at northern Luzon, while one in southern Mindanao. Two out of four stranded alive but died shortly after. From three of these the skeleton, stomach contents and tissue samples were examined and collected. Squid beaks, squid eye lenses and fish eye lenses were found in the stomach. DNA analysis using mitochondrial CytB and COI sequences showed that the three (3) specimens were indeed I. pacificus. The skeletal specimen collected from Sta. Ana, Cagayan is by far the most complete in the country and is probably in one of the best conditions in the world. For a cetacean species that is poorly known examination of stranded specimens offers a rare opportunity to collect information. Hence, the importance of standardizing necropsy and stranding data collection protocols, training stranding first-responders and establishing a database are emphasized.
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Balmori-de la Puente, Alfonso, und Alfonso Balmori. „Potential Effects of Anthropogenic Radiofrequency Radiation on Cetaceans“. Radiation 4, Nr. 1 (30.12.2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/radiation4010001.
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Cetaceans are cast to shore for a large number of reasons, although sometimes it is not clear why. This paper reviews the types and causes of cetacean strandings, focusing on mass strandings that lack a direct scientific explanation. Failure of cetacean orientation due to radiofrequency radiation and alterations in the Earth’s magnetic field produced during solar storms stand out among the proposed causes. This paper proposes the possibility that anthropogenic radiofrequency radiation from military and meteorological radars may also cause these strandings in areas where powerful radars exist. A search of accessible databases of military and meteorological radars in the world was carried out. Research articles on mass live strandings of cetaceans were reviewed to find temporal or spatial patterns in the stranding concentrations along the coast. The data showed certain patterns of spatial and temporal evidence in the stranding concentrations along the coast after radar setup and provided a detailed description of how radars may interfere with cetacean echolocation from a physiological standpoint. Plausible mechanisms, such as interference with echolocation systems or pulse communication systems, are proposed. This work is theoretical, but it leads to a hypothesis that could be empirically tested. Further in-depth studies should be carried out to confirm or reject the proposed hypothesis.
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Lopes-Souza, Aline, Alexandre Schiavetti und Martín Roberto Álvarez. „Analysis of marine turtle strandings (Reptilia: Testudine) occurring on coast of Bahia State, Brazil“. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, Nr. 4 (28.02.2017): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue4-fulltext-6.
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This study provides an analysis of the occurrence and the spatial and temporal distribution of marine turtle strandings found in the south of the State of Bahia. Data was collected between January 2006 and June 2008. This study covers an area of 220 km of the southern coast of Bahia State (northeastern Brazil), and spatial analyses were made considering data collected in three bases suported by Petrobras-Petróleo Brasileiro S/A distributed in the area. The records were sorted according to month and year, species, age group and sex. A total of 260 stranding were reported: 183 of Chelonia mydas (74.1%), the most frequent species. The highest number of strandings was recorded in Gamboa do Morro Base. Juveniles presented the highest densities, but no differences between adults and small juveniles were detected. Males were more frequently stranded in Gamboa do Morro Base, while females were more frequent in Ilhéus Base. An increase in the number of stranding between 2006 and 2008 was noted; moreover, the months with more records were January, February, March, October and December. The number of stranding events was discontinuously distributed in the study area. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of implement different strategies of recording marine turtle strandings: direct monitoring efforts (patrol) in remote beaches and educational campaigns applied on beaches frequented by tourists. This study demonstrated that, despite spatial nearby, the three bases attend independent biological systems and show different stranding dynamics, thus different conservancy actions should be implemented in order to improve the knowledge on natural history of sea-turtles in the southern coast of Bahia State.
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Silva, Flávio José de Lima, Simone Almeida Gavilan, Aline da Costa Bomfim, Ana Paula Domingos Brito, Gabriela Colombini Corrêa, Josué Díaz Delgado, Daniel Solon Dias de Farias, José Lailson Brito Junior, Silmara Rossi und Ana Bernadete Lima Fragoso. „Insights sobre um encalhe em massa de falsas orcas (Pseudorca Crassidens Owen, 1846)“. Natural Resources 12, Nr. 1 (29.05.2022): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2237-9290.2022.001.0005.
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False killer whales (FKWs; Pseudorca crassidens) are found in deep waters of temperate and tropical oceans worldwide. This species is considered near threatened and global populations’ trends are unknown although there is evidence of decline of various populations. The mass stranding of cetaceans remains an intriguing event and often the cause(s) are unclear or poorly investigated. In Brazil, cetacean mass strandings have been recorded yet they have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to report the epidemiologic features of a mass stranding event involving 30 live FKWs occurred in northeastern Brazil in 2013. Releasing attempts and posterior monitoring data indicated successful outcome for 24 of 30 FKWs. Postmortem pathologic investigations confirmed live-stranding stress response and intestinal (Bolbosoma sp.) and otic (Stenurus sp.) endoparasitism. Toxicologic analyzes detected high concentrations of total mercury in liver correlating with liver damage, as indicated by elevated transaminases. In this mass stranding, key factors were early notification, organizational and operational framework, trained and sufficient personnel, resources and equipment, government support, and strategy and decision making. These results underscore the benefits of a rapid marine mammal network response, the importance of integrative multidisciplinary investigations, and set baseline information for mass strandings of cetaceans in Brazil.
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Reeve-Arnold, Katie E., Jennifer A. Keeping, Vic G. Cockcroft und Almeida Guissamulo. „New strandings of True’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus, in Mozambique and their destiny as marine bushmeat“. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 19, Nr. 2 (02.04.2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v19i2.12.
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True’s beaked whales have a uniquely fragmented distribution of sightings recorded, mostly from stranding reports. The species is assumed to be associated with deep oceanic waters, occurring in both the northern and southern hemispheres. A hotspot for strandings in the southern hemisphere is South Africa. The third and fourth reported stranding of True’s beaked whales for Mozambique is presented, and the first for Tofo Beach, Inhambane Province. This stranding event resulted in the carcasses being butchered and the bushmeat taken for human consumption. This report develops and discusses strategies for mitigation of future risk to public health from aquatic bushmeat consumption in Mozambique.
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McLellan, William A., Ari S. Friedlaender, James G. Mead, Charles W. Potter und D. Ann Pabst. „Analysing 25 years of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) strandings along the Atlantic coast of the USA: do historic records support the coastal migratory stock hypothesis?“ J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4, Nr. 3 (11.05.2023): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i3.843.
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Between June 1987 and March 1988, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Montagu 1821) along the US Atlantic coast experienced an epizootic. Monthly interquartile ranges of strandings during the epizootic were used to propose the Coastal Migratory Stock (CMS) of bottlenose dolphins (Scott et al., 1988). To date, the hypothesised CMS remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to use a 25-year database to compare stranding patterns during the epizootic to those before (1972-1986) and after (1989-1997) the event. These comparisons reveal that monthly interquartile ranges during the epizootic are dissimilar to those before and after the event. The frequency distribution of total monthly strandings during the epizootic is also significantly different from those observed outside the event. Seasonal stranding patterns from 1989-1997 suggest more complex movements of dolphins along the US Atlantic coast than those of a single group ranging seasonally from Florida to New Jersey. In winter, for example, when the current model for the CMS predicts dolphin distributions concentrated in central Florida, the highest number of strandings occurred in North Carolina. Thus, these comparative analyses suggest that the pattern observed during the epizootic was anomalous, and not representative of stranding distributions for any other time period of the study. During the 15 years before the epizootic, and the nine years following, there was no clear picture of ‘migration’ of mortality along the coast. This study demonstrates how long-term, systematic collection of strandings data can be useful in testing hypotheses regarding the complex stock structure of coastal bottlenose dolphins. This knowledge will greatly enhance the ability to conserve and manage these animals as they recover from historic (i.e. directed takes and epizootic) and current sources of mortality.
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de Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira. „Mortality of the Antillean manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Ceará State, north-eastern Brazil“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, Nr. 6 (17.03.2008): 1133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408000817.
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Manatee mortality in Ceará State (north-eastern Brazil) is analysed from twenty-five strandings between 1987 and 2002. The majority of the causes were related to the ‘dependent calf’ category (83.3%). Direct human-related causes were attributed to incidental catches in fishing gear (shrimp trawling and gill-nets) (12.5%) and direct capture (4.2%). Spatial distribution was not uniform, with the highest number of strandings on the east coast. The number of strandings has increased since 1999, and the seasonal distribution showed peaks in February, March and January, in that order. The stranding of manatee calves in Ceará State seems to be indirectly related to human activities that impact coastal nursing habitats.
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Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Gian M. Toyos-González, Janice Pérez-Padilla, Marta A. Rodríguez-López und Julie Overing. „Mass stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the British Virgin Islands“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, Nr. 2 (April 2000): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499002076.
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The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is an offshore, tropical and subtropical delphinid found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species has only recently been studied, mostly from specimens collected from strandings. While over 52 reports exist for the Atlantic Ocean, only one record exists for the Caribbean Sea. A new record of a mass stranding of pygmy killer whales from the British Virgin Islands is documented and the pathology and life history of the specimens is described, associating the stranding process with the meteorological and oceanographic disturbance of Hurricane Marilyn, which devastated the Virgin Islands a day prior to the stranding. This stranding event constitutes the sixth known mass stranding for the species worldwide, the first record for pygmy killer whales for the northeastern Caribbean and the second for the entire Caribbean Sea.
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Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A., Gian M. Toyos-González, Janice Pérez-Padilla, Marta A. Rodríguez-López und Julie Overing. „Mass stranding of pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) in the British Virgin Islands“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, Nr. 4 (August 2000): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499002702.
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The pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata) is an offshore, tropical and subtropical delphinid found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The species has only recently been studied, mostly from specimens collected from strandings. While over 52 reports exist for the Atlantic Ocean, only one record exists for the Caribbean Sea. A new record of a mass stranding of pygmy killer whales from the British Virgin Islands is documented and the pathology and life history of the specimens is described, associating the stranding process with the meteorological and oceanographic disturbance of Hurricane Marilyn, which devastated the Virgin Islands a day prior to the stranding. This stranding event constitutes the sixth known mass stranding for the species worldwide, the first record for pygmy killer whales for the northeastern Caribbean and the second for the entire Caribbean Sea.
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Pinedo, M. C., und T. Polacheck. „Trends in franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) stranding rates in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil (1979-1998)“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1, Nr. 2 (01.09.1999): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v1i2.465.
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For over twenty years incidental takes of the franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei, in coastal artisanal gillnet fisheries have been documented from strandings in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil (29°20'S to 33°45'S). No direct measures of fishing effort exist for these artisanal gillnet fisheries. However, the fisheries are known to have increased substantially since the early 1980s. Indicative fishing effort in the artisanal bottom gillnet fishery was calculated from the available time series of CPUE from industrial trawl fisheries combined with estimates of the annual catch from the artisanal fisheries. The resulting time series indicates that effort was generally increasing throughout the period. Trends in stranding rates of franciscana were analysed for the 1979-1998 period from systematically collected data as part of a long-term beach monitoring programme for marine mammals. Strandings of franciscana generally occur during spring, from September to December. This is the main period when the artisanal bottom-tending gillnet fisheries are active. However, strandings have occurred in all months, indicating that at least some franciscanas remain in the area year-round. Strandings rates for the spring months were generally high during 1979-81, declined to relatively low levels during 1982-85, increased again until 1987 and subsequently declined, with perhaps some increase again in the most recent years. While clearly recognising the limitations of attempting to infer changes in abundance from strandings data, one of the most likely explanations for declining stranding rates in the face of substantially increasing fishing effort would be a decline in franciscana abundance. As such, the strandings rate trends in conjunction with the effort trends, are a matter of concern and the available information, while limited, suggests that an impact on the southern Brazil population may have occurred.
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Piwetz, Sarah, Errol I. Ronje und Heidi R. Whitehead. „Forty-year historical analysis of marine mammal strandings in Texas, from 1980 – 2019“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 23, Nr. 1 (11.05.2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v23i1.345.
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Long-term trends in marine mammal stranding patterns can provide useful information on basic life history parameters, spatiotemporal distribution, natural and human-related mortality events, and potentially vulnerable populations. Between 1980 and 2019, a total of 5,301 marine mammal strandings were recorded in Texas, USA. In total, 23 species were identified, including 19 odontocete species (toothed whales and dolphins), 3 mysticete species (baleen whales), and 1 sirenian species (manatee). Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded most frequently (94%). Six unusual mortality events occurred with causes attributed to disease, harmful algal blooms, or unknown etiologies. Common bottlenose dolphin stranding events increased significantly in late winter/early spring, with an early onset in southern Texas, and had a consistent peak in March involving primarily calves and adults. Spatial analyses using kernel density estimation within seven coastal Texas stock management areas, delineated by the National Marine Fisheries Service, identified potential hotspots for common bottlenose dolphin strandings near higher human population density and deep water channels. Peak stranding density estimates in each stock area ranged from 0.32 – 4.6km-2 for presumed bay, sound and estuarine (BSE) stocks and 0.82km-2 for the presumed Western Gulf of Mexico Coastal Stock. Common bottlenose dolphin stranding events were positively male-biased, including a significantly higher number of stranded male fetuses and neonates, and sexual dimorphism was observed in total body length of adults, with significantly greater length in males. For all records where human interaction (HI) could be determined as ‘yes’ or ‘no’, 30% were positive for HI, with the highest proportion of HI events occurring in the central and southern-most BSE stock areas; however, it is unknown how many HI cases contributed to mortality. This longitudinal study provides a comprehensive overview of marine mammal stranding patterns in Texas and serves as a useful resource for stranding investigators and Gulf-wide natural resource managers.
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Hamilton, L. J. „Large mass strandings of selected odontocete species: statistics, locations, and relation to earth processes“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 19, Nr. 1 (24.01.2023): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v19i1.415.
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Larger mass strandings of open ocean odontocetes (toothed whales) of 10+ animals are examined with a compilation of 710 worldwide events. Sixspecies form 96% of events (false killer, long-finned pilot, melon-headed, short-finned pilot, sperm and white whales), with beaked, killer, andpygmy killer whales forming 4%. Site type was determined for 630 events – three-quarters (76%) are in bays, 14% in shallow topographicallycomplex areas (estuarine environments, straits, keys, reef and coastal lagoons), 8% on relatively unindented coasts, with ice entrapment (of killerwhales) and miscellaneous categories being 2%. For the 76% of events in bays, sites with headland-bay character make up 42%, spit-bays 20%(even though there are only four of them), indented bays 9% and unspecified bay types 5%. Headland-bays and spit-bays become stranding sitesthrough the properties endowed them by their mechanisms of formation and maintenance, but these mechanisms differ greatly for the two.Breakwaters, groyne series, tides, partial burial, and violent storms also appear as themes. Nearshore slopes are less than 1° for 94 of 105 siteshaving bathymetry information, with only two reaching or exceeding 3°. Some types of potential stranding sites can be identified by simplequantitative specifications for planform, sediment size, and seabed slope, although strandings will not necessarily occur there. There is an indicationthat larger strandings are globally correlated with areas of higher oceanic primary productivity near landmasses and oceanic islands, but quantitativestudies are needed to clarify any such possible relationship. There is also an indication that larger strandings are associated with plate tectonics,with few events being seen on the steeper swell resistant active western margins of South America and South Island (New Zealand) in particular.In contrast several larger events are recorded for the relatively older passive margins of the south-eastern sides of these two landmasses, putativelybecause waves and swell have had time to construct stranding sites on them. Similarly, few larger events are seen for steeper shores adjacent tocoastal highlands, such as those of South Africa and Brazil. These observations indicate previously unsuspected relations between the phenomenonof odontocete mass strandings and global scale earth and ocean processes, but they are essentially hypotheses in need of more quantitativeexamination.
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Brunson, S., AR Gaos, IK Kelly, KS Van Houtan, Y. Swimmer, S. Hargrove, GH Balazs, TM Work und TT Jones. „Three decades of stranding data reveal insights into endangered hawksbill sea turtles in Hawai‘i&dagger“. Endangered Species Research 47 (24.02.2022): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01167.
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Hawksbill sea turtles Eretmochelys imbricata inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands are extremely rare and listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. The paucity of data on basic hawksbill ecology continues to hinder effective management of the species. We analyzed stranding data collected between 1984 and 2018 to gain insights into the distribution, demography, and conservation challenges facing hawksbills in Hawai‘i. In doing so, we present a comprehensive description of the population across developmental stages and rank threats that may be impeding their successful recovery. Over the >30 yr data set, we recorded a total of only 111 juvenile and adult hawksbill stranding events. Interactions with nearshore recreational fishing gear were documented for a large proportion (48.6%) of stranding events in the Hawaiian Islands, identifying this as the primary management challenge for the species. Stranding events were biased towards females (female to male sex ratio of 4.8:1.0), which may be indicative of the population as a whole. Even though the majority of hawksbills nest on the islands of Hawai‘i Moloka‘i, and Maui, the greatest number of juvenile to adult strandings was found to be on the island of Oahu (n = 47). Temporal distribution of the majority of adult hawksbill strandings (72.2%) occurred during a 4 mo period between June and September. We discuss these and other findings that help identify future research and conservation efforts to mitigate anthropogenic threats in Hawai‘i for this enigmatic population.
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Rojo-Nieto, E., P. D. Álvarez-Díaz, E. Morote, M. Burgos-Martín, T. Montoto-Martínez, J. Sáez-Jiménez und F. Toledano. „Strandings of cetaceans and sea turtles in the Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar: a long–time glimpse of the north coast (Spain) and the south coast (Morocco)“. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34, Nr. 1 (2011): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2011.34.0151.
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A total of 13 species of cetaceans and three species of marine turtles were found in this study. Data were collected by eight independent and self-regulated stranding networks, providing information about 1,198 marine mammal (10 odontocetii, three mysticetii and one phocidae) and 574 sea turtle stranding events between 1991 and 2008. Trends in the strandings were analysed in relation to species composition and abundance, and their geographic and seasonal distribution. The most abundant species recorded were the striped dolphin and the loggerhead turtle. Some of the strandings, such as the humpback whale, harbour porpoise, hooded seal and olive ridley turtle, were considered ‘rare’ because their distribution did not match the pattern of the study. When the north and south coasts in the study area were compared, pilot whales stranded more frequently in the north, while delphinid species stranded more in the south coast, and loggerhead turtles stranded more frequently in the north while leatherback turtles stranded more in south coast.
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Simonis, Anne E., Robert L. Brownell, Bruce J. Thayre, Jennifer S. Trickey, Erin M. Oleson, Roderick Huntington und Simone Baumann-Pickering. „Co-occurrence of beaked whale strandings and naval sonar in the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, Nr. 1921 (19.02.2020): 20200070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0070.
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Mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), used for antisubmarine warfare (ASW), has been associated with multiple beaked whale (BW) mass stranding events. Multinational naval ASW exercises have used MFAS offshore of the Mariana Archipelago semi-annually since 2006. We report BW and MFAS acoustic activity near the islands of Saipan and Tinian from March 2010 to November 2014. Signals from Cuvier's ( Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville's beaked whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris ), and a third unidentified BW species, were detected throughout the recording period. Both recorders documented MFAS on 21 August 2011 before two Cuvier's beaked whales stranded on 22–23 August 2011. We compared the history of known naval operations and BW strandings from the Mariana Archipelago to consider potential threats to BW populations. Eight BW stranding events between June 2006 and January 2019 each included one to three animals. Half of these strandings occurred during or within 6 days after naval activities, and this co-occurrence is highly significant. We highlight strandings of individual BWs can be associated with ASW, and emphasize the value of ongoing passive acoustic monitoring, especially for beaked whales that are difficult to visually detect at sea. We strongly recommend more visual monitoring efforts, at sea and along coastlines, for stranded cetaceans before, during and after naval exercises.
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Pyenson, Nicholas D. „The high fidelity of the cetacean stranding record: insights into measuring diversity by integrating taphonomy and macroecology“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, Nr. 1724 (27.04.2011): 3608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0441.
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Stranded cetaceans have long intrigued naturalists because their causation has escaped singular explanations. Regardless of cause, strandings also represent a sample of the living community, although their fidelity has rarely been quantified. Using commensurate stranding and sighting records compiled from archived datasets representing nearly every major ocean basin, I demonstrated that the cetacean stranding record faithfully reflects patterns of richness and relative abundance in living communities, especially for coastlines greater than 2000 km and latitudinal gradients greater than 4°. Live–dead fidelity metrics from seven different countries indicated that strandings were almost always richer than live surveys; richness also increased with coastline length. Most death assemblages recorded the same ranked relative abundance as living communities, although this correlation decreased in strength and significance at coastline lengths greater than 15 000 km, highlighting the importance of sampling diversity at regional scales. Rarefaction analyses indicated that sampling greater than 10 years generally enhanced the completeness of death assemblages, although protracted temporal sampling did not substitute for sampling over longer coastlines or broader latitudes. Overall, this global live–dead comparison demonstrated that strandings almost always provided better diversity information about extant cetacean communities than live surveys; such archives are therefore relevant for macroecological and palaeobiological studies of cetacean community change through time.
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Borkowski, Rose, Allison C. Perna, Nadia J. Gordon, Alvin C. Camus, John M. Gliatto, Connie Merigo und Lauren A. Polimeno. „Notable Stingray Spine-Associated Strandings Involving Two Female Bottlenose Dolphins in Florida and Massachusetts, USA, in the Context of Literature and Database Reviews“. Aquatic Mammals 49, Nr. 6 (15.11.2023): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/am.49.6.2023.569.
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Trauma from stingray spines (caudal barbs) has been intermittently documented as a cause of mild to fatal illness in odontocetes, particularly bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), as well as in pinnipeds, sirenians, the loggerhead sea turtle, great white shark, and cobia. Although stingray spines have been noted to cause serious injury to various organ systems, their potential involvement in cetacean reproductive tract pathology has not been previously described. In North America, published descriptions of wild cetacean strandings associated with stingray spines have all involved bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern United States, plus a bottlenose dolphin and a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in Mexico. In 2018, uterine rupture was observed in a gravid bottlenose dolphin found deceased in Florida with stingray spine penetration into the abdominal cavity. Gross necropsy and histopathology findings were compatible with the stingray spine being involved with the rupture. To provide fuller insight into the case, a scientific literature review was conducted, and results of an unpublished 1998 necropsy involving a coastal female bottlenose dolphin that stranded in the northeastern state of Massachusetts with stingray spine presence was reviewed. Additionally, a query of the nationwide U.S. marine mammal stranding database was conducted for stingray spine-associated cetacean strandings from 1995 to 2019. Of 61 cetacean strandings revealed in the query to involve stingray spine presence, 59 were bottlenose dolphins from the southeastern U.S. states, plus Puerto Rico and Virginia; a bottlenose dolphin in southern California and a short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were also noted. Query results did not support a bottlenose dolphin sex predilection for stingray spine-associated strandings; most such strandings involved adults. Behavioral, environmental, anthropogenic, and climatic events may influence marine mammal–stingray interactions. Continued vigilance for stingray spine-associated pathologic changes is warranted during marine mammal stranding investigations at diverse geographic sites.
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Lo Brutto, Sabrina, Andrea Calascibetta, Gianni Pavan und Gaspare Buffa. „Cetacean Strandings and Museum Collections: A Focus on Sicily Island Crossroads for Mediterranean Species“. Diversity 13, Nr. 3 (26.02.2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030104.
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The study examined the extent of the cetacean strandings in Italy, with a particular focus on Sicily Island. The paper aimed to contribute to the description of a pattern that contemplates the “regular and rare” cetacean species passage along the Sicilian coast. The estimate of marine cetacean strandings was extrapolated from the National Strandings Data Bank (BDS—Banca Dati Spiaggiamenti) and evaluated according to a subdivision in three coastal subregions: the Tyrrhenian sub-basin (northern Sicilian coast), the Ionian sub-basin (eastern Sicilian coast), and the Channel of Sicily (southern Sicilian coast). Along the Italian coast, more than 4880 stranding events have been counted in the period 1990–2019. Most of these were recorded in five Italian regions: Apulia, Sicily, Sardinia, Tuscany, and Calabria. Approximately 15% of the recorded strandings in Italy occurred on the Sicilian coast. In Sicily Island, 725 stranded cetaceans were recorded in 709 stranding events, resulting in approximately 20 carcasses every year; the total number of specimens identified to species level was 539. The distribution along the Sicilian coast was the following: 312 recorded in the Tyrrhenian sub-basin, 193 in the Ionian sub-basin, and 220 in the Channel of Sicily. Stenella coeruleoalba was the species that can be considered as the stable record along the time-lapse investigated, and some rare species have been recorded as well. The role of Sicily Island as a sentinel territory of the cetacean distribution for the central Mediterranean Sea and as a region receiving a marine resource suitable for the scientific research and cetological museum collections is discussed herein.
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Ulfsson, Vigge, Hyeyoung Kim, Linnea Cervin, Anna Roos und Aleksija Neimanis. „Investigation of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Strandings in Swedish Waters for Improved Monitoring and Management“. Oceans 5, Nr. 2 (29.03.2024): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans5020010.
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Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are the only cetacean residents found year-round in Swedish waters and they are exposed to numerous natural and anthropogenic threats. Since the in situ monitoring of cetaceans can be difficult, invasive and often expensive, investigation of stranding patterns and examination of stranded animals can be used as a cost-effective source of data to study these elusive animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of harbour porpoise stranding reports and the possible underlying causes in Swedish waters over a ten-year period (2014–2023). Additionally, the Swedish stranding network plays a key role in the collection of stranded carcasses for health and disease surveillance, and geographic coverage of the network also was analysed. When making spatial comparisons, the ten-year period was divided into two five-year blocks. Data on 854 stranded harbour porpoises were analysed from the coasts of the Skagerrak, Kattegat, and Baltic Seas. Both significant spatial and temporal patterns could be identified. Strandings peaked in July through September and hotspots occurred along most of the Swedish west coast, with the most frequent hotspots located around Öresund and especially the area around the Kullen peninsula. The spatial patterns of strandings found in this study are consistent with data on porpoise abundance, prey abundance, and gillnet fisheries’ efforts. The latter is known to be one of the primary causes of porpoise mortality. Furthermore, the coverage of the Swedish stranding network increased between the two periods, likely reflecting an increased awareness of the carcass-based surveillance program, and gaps requiring network expansion efforts were identified. These results also provide baseline data to enable the continued monitoring of stranding trends, as changes may indicate changes in population distribution, size or mortality rates.