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Baur, R., und R. Herz. „Selective inspection planning with ageing forecast for sewer types“. Water Science and Technology 46, Nr. 6-7 (01.09.2002): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0704.
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Investments in sewer rehabilitation must be based on inspection and evaluation of sewer conditions with respect to the severity of sewer damage and to environmental risks. This paper deals with the problems of forecasting the condition of sewers in a network from a small sample of inspected sewers. Transition functions from one into the next poorer condition class, which were empirically derived from this sample, are used to forecast the condition of sewers. By the same procedure, transition functions were subsequently calibrated for sub-samples of different types of sewers. With these transition functions, the most probable date of entering a critical condition class can be forecast from sewer characteristics, such as material, period of construction, location, use for waste and/or storm water, profile, diameter and gradient. Results are shown for the estimates about the actual condition of the Dresden sewer network and its deterioration in case of doing nothing about it. A procedure is proposed for scheduling the inspection dates for sewers which have not yet been inspected and for those which have been inspected before.
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Schilperoort, Rémy, Holger Hoppe, Cornelis de Haan und Jeroen Langeveld. „Searching for storm water inflows in foul sewers using fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing“. Water Science and Technology 68, Nr. 8 (01.10.2013): 1723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.419.
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A major drawback of separate sewer systems is the occurrence of illicit connections: unintended sewer cross-connections that connect foul water outlets from residential or industrial premises to the storm water system and/or storm water outlets to the foul sewer system. The amount of unwanted storm water in foul sewer systems can be significant, resulting in a number of detrimental effects on the performance of the wastewater system. Efficient removal of storm water inflows into foul sewers requires knowledge of the exact locations of the inflows. This paper presents the use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) monitoring data to localize illicit storm water inflows into foul sewer systems. Data results from two monitoring campaigns in foul sewer systems in the Netherlands and Germany are presented. For both areas a number of storm water inflow locations can be derived from the data. Storm water inflow can only be detected as long as the temperature of this inflow differs from the in-sewer temperatures prior to the event. Also, the in-sewer propagation of storm and wastewater can be monitored, enabling a detailed view on advection.
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McIlhatton, T. D., R. M. Ashley und S. J. Tait. „Improved formulations for rapid erosion of diverse solids in combined sewers“. Water Science and Technology 52, Nr. 5 (01.09.2005): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0128.
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For more than a decade, research carried out in Scotland has investigated the movement of sediment in sewers and the associated pollutant release. Pollution by discharges from combined sewer overflows can adversely affect watercourses, particularly those in urban areas. Solids and dissolved contaminants, many derived from in-sewer deposits during a storm event, can be especially significant. This phenomenon can occur during events known as ‘foul flushes’. In combined sewers these typically occur in the initial period of storm flows, when the concentration of suspended sediments and other pollutants is significantly higher than at other times. It has become apparent that much of the suspended load originates from solids eroded from the bed. The ‘near bed solids’ which are re-entrained into the flow, together with solids eroded from the bulk bed, account for large changes in the suspended sediment concentration under time varying flow conditions. This paper describes some of the methods employed to investigate the solids eroding in combined sewers during peak flow events. The work examined the potential for sediment re-suspension under high flow conditions both in the laboratory and in the field.
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Arthur, S., und R. M. Ashley. „The influence of near bed solids transport on first foul flush in combined sewers“. Water Science and Technology 37, Nr. 1 (01.01.1998): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0032.
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The problems associated with deposited sediments in sewers, and their transport through sewer systems have been the subject of detailed fieldwork programmes in the UK, and elsewhere in Europe. Existing laboratory, and some field based research exercises have focused on the relatively small, discrete particles. It is clear, however, that combined sewer systems have inputs which comprise of a significant proportion of large organic solids (faecal and food wastes), as well as the finer range of particle sizes. The increased concern regarding CSO spills into the environment has fuelled the recent development of sewer flow quality models, such as HYDROWORKS QM and MOUSETRAP, some of which make no attempt to represent the transport of these larger organic particles. Herein, the results of a collaborative research programme undertaken between three UK universities and a water authority are discussed. Transport at the bed in sewers, as “near bed solids”, is defined. Based on a comprehensive data collection program undertaken in the Dundee combined sewerage system, a method is presented which may be used to estimate the rate of sediment transport near the bed in sewers. The influence that solids in transport near the bed have on first foul flush in combined sewers is discussed. A methodology is proposed which may be used to estimate the extent to which sediment in transport near the bed in sewers contributes to first foul flush phenomena, by describing the movement of a storm wave along a conceptual sewer length.
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Xu, Zuxin, Jun Wu, Huaizheng Li, Zhenghua Liu, Keli Chen, Hao Chen und Lijun Xiong. „Different erosion characteristics of sediment deposits in combined and storm sewers“. Water Science and Technology 75, Nr. 8 (08.02.2017): 1922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.076.
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To investigate the different erosion patterns of sediments in combined and storm sewers, sediments from three separate sewer systems and two combined sewer systems in urban Shanghai were collected for the flushing experiments. These experiments were conducted with different consolidation periods and shear velocities. As the consolidation period increases, dissolved oxygen exhibits a positive effect on the microbial transformations of organic substrates. Potential structural changes and separations of the surface and bottom layers of sediments are observed. The results also reveal that the organic matter, particle size and moisture have different effects on the erosion resistance of sediments. Furthermore, illicit connections behaved as an important factor affecting the viscosity and static friction force of particles, which directly alter the erosion resistance of sewer sediments.
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Ruan, Mingchaun, und Jan B. M. Wiggers. „Application of time-series analysis to urban storm drainage“. Water Science and Technology 36, Nr. 5 (01.09.1997): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0180.
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In urban storm drainage, deterministic models, such as SWMM, HydroWorks and MOUSE are commonly used. However, comprehensive research programmes, including field surveys, have indicated that most processes related to urban storm drainage have stochastic characteristic, like the occurrence of rainfall events, the processes of rainfall-runoff and flow routing in sewer networks3etc.. Particularly, sediments found in sewers either in suspension or in deposition, cannot be considered as having a unique entity. Inhomogeneity and randomness are just the nature of sewer sediment behaviour. Most data required for urban storm drainage are time-series data, such as rainfall intensity, water level measured in an outfall, CSO discharge and pollutant load etc.. Consequently, time-series analysis should be an alternative for predicting some relationships of urban storm drainage, such as (net) rainfall-CSO discharge, rainfall-water level and CSO discharge-pollutant load.
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Coghlan, Brian P., Richard M. Ashley und George M. Smith. „Empirical equations for solids transport in combined sewers“. Water Science and Technology 33, Nr. 9 (01.04.1996): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0181.
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An investigation of the transport of solids in combined sewers during both dry weather flow (DWF) periods and storms is described. The study was based on data obtained from a number of sites in the combined sewer system of Dundee, Scotland. The relationship between hydraulic conditions in a combined sewer and the transport of solids in suspension was examined. The aim was to arrive at a methodology by which an appropriate model could be selected or developed which would predict solids transport rates given information on hydraulic conditions. It was found that for individual sites, site-specific regression equations could be developed separately for dry weather and storm conditions. A non-site-specific regression equation was also developed, which was found to be preferable to the site specific equations, in terms of accuracy and ease of use. More important, however, were the fundamental procedures (ie the methodology) developed by which the model type was in each case selected and subsequently developed.
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Vollertsen, J., und T. Hvitved-Jacobsen. „Exfiltration from gravity sewers: a pilot scale study“. Water Science and Technology 47, Nr. 4 (01.02.2003): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0223.
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Pilot-scale experiments were conducted on exfiltration of wastewater from gravity sewers. The effect of storm events, flushing of pipes and alternating infiltration/exfiltration were simulated. Exfiltration through different types of sewer leaks and into different soils were studied. It was found that the exfiltration rate became constant after some days of exfiltration. It stayed constant for the duration of the experiments, which typically spanned over some weeks. The exfiltration was governed by the development of a clogging zone at the sewer leak and could be characterized by a leakage factor. The leakage factor may then be used to estimate the risk of groundwater pollution from a sewer network.
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Li, James, und Alex McCorquodale. „Modeling Mixed Flow in Storm Sewers“. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125, Nr. 11 (November 1999): 1170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:11(1170).
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Pan, Gang, Bao Wang, Shuai Guo, Wenming Zhang und Stephen Edwini-Bonsu. „Statistical analysis of sewer odour based on 10-year complaint data“. Water Science and Technology 81, Nr. 6 (15.03.2020): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.217.
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Abstract The City of Edmonton has been suffering from sewer odour problem for many years. Ten years of odour complaints data from 2008 to 2017 were statistically analyzed to identify major factors that relate to the odour problem. Spatial and temporal distributions of odour complaints in the city were first presented. Then relationships between the complaints and physical attributes of the sewer systems were analyzed by introducing a parameter of risk index. It was found that the snowmelt and storm events could possibly reduce odour complaints. Old sewer pipes and large drop structures are statistically more linked and thus significantly contribute to the complaints. The risk index relationship for three pipe materials is clay pipe > concrete pipe > PVC pipe. Combined sewers are more problematic in terms of odour complaints than sanitary sewers. And no clear correlation has been found between the changes of sewer pipe slope or angle and the complaints.
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Literature survey made in this research indicated that the roughness has a significant effect on the design of a self-cleansing sewer. A conceptual model was therefore developed taking into account the effect of roughness in the sediment transport in sewers. This model was later tested against experimental data obtained from a test rig. The rig had a pipe which was specially fabricated in two halves so that it could be divided to coat the interior with uniform sand grains to provide roughness. The experimental data shows a good correlation with the model developed. Two relationships i.e. for smooth and rough pipes, were derived from the results. The effects of volumetric sediment concentration, pipe diameter, sediment size and effective roughness on these relationships were in turn examined. Head loss formulae acquired by past researchers were slightly modified to suit the range covered by the experimental data. The relationships developed in this research were subsequently applied to sewer design. These were later compared to the criterion of 0.76 m/s proposed by the British Standards. In the case of smooth pipes, it shows conclusively that the criterion of 0.76 m/s produces excessive slopes for pipe diameter up to 1.0 metre. However, for rough pipes the criterion gives insufficient slopes to maintain a self-cleansing sewer. This is valid up to a pipe diameter of 0.3 metre. Beyond this diameter the criterion gives high slopes. Comparisons were also made with studies in the wider field of sediment transport on fixed bed. These have set in context the proposed formulae for smooth and rough pipes in the design of storm sewers.
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McCutcheon, Matthew D. „Modeling Exfiltrating Storm Sewers Using SWMM“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282569476.
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Susai, Manickam Sheeba Rose Mary. „Dimensionless Design Charts for Exfiltration in Storm Sewers“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342544885.
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Elgendy, Mohamed Moustafa M. A. „Condition assessment and data integration for GIS-based storm water drainage infrastructure management systems“. To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Wong, Ka-chung Colin. „Hydraulics of bottom rack chamber for supercritical flow diversion“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664469.
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Kavanaugh, Michael David Kennedy James. „Influence of stormwater drainage facilities on mosquito communities within the city of Denton, Texas“. [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9765.
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Ng, Warren Heng Wan. „Identification, transport and treatment of adhered deleterious substances of stormwater in an urban catchment thesis submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Earth & Oceanic Sciences Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, August 2004 /“. Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/NgW.pdf.
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Ota, Jose Junji. „Effect of particle size and gradation on sediment transport in storm sewers“. Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299669.
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Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), Hrsg. Storm and combined sewer overflow: An overview of EPA's research program. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance., Hrsg. NPDES storm water sampling guidance manual. Boca Raton: C.K. Smoley, 1993.
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Richard, Field, Everson Francine und Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), Hrsg. Storm and combined sewer pollution control: A compilation of significant references. Cincinnati, Ohio: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992.
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Richard, Field. Storm and combined sewer pollution control: A compilation of significant references. Cincinnati, Ohio: Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991.
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K, Bakker. De vuiluitworp van gemengde rioolstelsels: Eindrapport. ʼs-Gravenhage: Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer, 1989.
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Committee, New York Nonpoint Source Coordinating. Storm sewers--: The rivers beneath our feet. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1994.
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Committee, New York Nonpoint Source Coordinating. Storm sewers--: The rivers beneath our feet. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1994.
Guo, James C. Y. „Storm sewer system design“. In Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management, 329–72. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21972-12.
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Guo, James C. Y., Wenliang Wang und Junqi Li. „Storm sewer system design“. In Urban Drainage and Storage Practices, 235–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003284239-13.
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Lindberg, Sten, und Jørgen Bo Nielsen. „Modelling of Urban Storm Sewer Systems“. In Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Problems, 687–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-21626-2_55.
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Burrows, R., und W. Wang. „Determination of Spill Characteristics of Combined Sewer Overflows and Coastal Storm Outfalls“. In Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 265–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_19.
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Lim, Oseong, Young Hwan Choi und Joong Hoon Kim. „Storm Water Management Model Parameter Optimization in Urban Watershed Using Sewer Level Data“. In Advances in Hydroinformatics, 367–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5436-0_28.
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Lim, Oseong, Young Hwan Choi, Do Guen Yoo und Joong Hoon Kim. „Parameter Estimation of Storm Water Management Model with Sewer Level Data in Urban Watershed“. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 70–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31967-0_8.
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Pfeifer, R., und H. H. Hahn. „The Need for Advanced Treatment of Storm-Water Run-Off from Separate Sewer Systems“. In Innovations in Flotation Technology, 521–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2658-8_28.
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Wang, Lawrence, Mu Wang und Nazih Shammas. „3 Treatment of Wastewater, Storm Runoff, and Combined Sewer Overflow by Dissolved Air Flotation and Filtration“. In Advances in Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, 65–98. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487–2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164199-4.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Storm sewers":
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Karvinen, T., und R. Karvinen. „Two-Objective Shape Optimization of Sewers“. In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55259.
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Hydraulic characteristics of different sewer shapes are studied. The sewer must carry a very large flow rate for example in storm conditions, but most of the time there is very little flow at the bottom. This causes sedimentation of particles, which is avoided by having a high flow velocity. These are contradicting objectives in sewer design and therefore yield a multi-objective optimization problem. It is shown using a shape optimization procedure, that hydraulic characteristics of existing sewers can be improved. Using the optimization scheme, the Pareto-optimal solution of a shape optimization problem is found, for which the objectives are maximizing the flow velocity at low flow rates and maximizing the volume flow rate when the sewer is full. If the volume flow rate is to be maximized, almost a square cross-section is the best and the lower part of the sewer is very narrow if the velocity at the bottom is to be maximized. Hydraulic characteristics of sewers of different shapes are compared. In order to obtain optimal results in a reasonable time, an analytical treatment using the Manning formula is adopted and its results are compared with a numerical solution. Traditionally, in this kind of analysis the friction factor in the Manning formula is assumed constant. The validity of this assumption is confirmed using numerical modeling of flow (CFD).
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Najafi, Mohammad, und Lynn Osborn. „Trenchless Renewal of Culverts and Storm Sewers“. In International Pipelines Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40994(321)71.
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Najafi, Mohammad, und Lynn Osborn. „ASCE Manual on Trenchless Renewal of Storm Sewers and Culverts“. In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology (ICPTT) 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41073(361)101.
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Jeyapalan, Jey K. „Municipal Optical Fiber through Existing Sewers, Storm Drains, Drinking Waterlines, and Gas Pipes May Complete the Last Mile“. In Pipeline Engineering and Construction International Conference 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40690(2003)97.
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Seyhan, M. Halid, und Tiina M. Komulainen. „Control strategies preventing wastewater overflow in Oslo“. In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192005.
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As climate change intensifies storms, larger rainwater volumes load the sewage network systems above the design capacity and escalate the risk of combined sewer wastewater overflow to natural waterways. Accordingly, the control challenge is to prevent the combined sewer overflow by adjusting the manipulated variables, such as pumps and gates, in the sewage network system. The aim of this study is to (1) compare traditional and predictive control strategies to four different storm scenarios, and to (2) quantify the preventive effect of these control strategies on wastewater overflow. The case study is applied in the Oslo combined sewage network system. Control strategies applying feedforward strategy minimize the overflow within the constraints of the sewer infrastructure. Compared to no control, applying feedforward-feedback control strategy decreases overflow to natural water ways by 21- 88% in different rain scenarios. Compared to feedback control strategy, the feedforward-feedback strategy can decrease overflow by 3--9%.
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Sokáč, Marek, und Marta Jerković. „Modelling of Combined Sewer Overflow Impacts on the Receiving Water Quality: Case Studies Hron and Drava“. In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.089.
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Paper analyses the influences of combined sewer overflows (CSO’s), on the receiving water quality, but generally deals also with various types of storm water management in urban areas. The first case study analyses the impacts of the continuous (wastewater treatment plant in the town Osijek) and discontinuous pollution sources (CSO’s in the town Osijek) on the quality of the receiving water – the Drava river (Croatia). The second modelling case study was performed on the river Hron (Slovak republic). In this study, the impacts on the water quality from combined sewer overflows form the biggest town on Hron River – Banská Bystrica were studied, as well as four feasible alternatives of storm sewer management (different mixing ratio, different size of storm tanks) were analysed. For both case studies, the mathematical simulation model MIKE11 (Danish Hydraulic Institute, DHI) was used.
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Liu, Xingpo. „Storm Events-Oriented Design Method for Urban Storm Sewer System“. In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology (ICPTT) 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41073(361)206.
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Larsen, Jens Peter. „Storm Sewer Rehab Utilizing Trenchless Technologies“. In National Conference on Environmental and Pipeline Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40507(282)32.
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Stein, Stuart M., Xibing Dou, Edward R. Umbrell und J. Sterling Jones. „Storm Sewer Junction Hydraulics and Sediment Transport“. In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)72.
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Zallen, Rubin M. „Collapse of a Trunk Storm Sewer in Boston“. In Second Forensic Engineering Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)10.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Storm sewers":
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Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, K. Miller und L. Haines-Ecklund. VI preferential pathways of a large government building. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43260.
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Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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Clausen, Jay, D. Moore, L. Cain und K. Malinowski. VI preferential pathways : rule or exception. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41305.
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Trichloroethylene (TCE) releases from leaks and spills next to a large government building occurred over several decades with the most recent event occurring 20 years ago. In response to a perceived conventional vapor intrusion (VI) issue a sub-slab depressurization system (SSDS) was installed 6 years ago. The SSDS is operating within design limits and has achieved building TCE vapor concentration reductions. However, subsequent periodic TCE vapor spikes based on daily HAPSITE™ measurements indicate additional source(s). Two rounds of smoke tests conducted in 2017 and 2018 involved introduction of smoke into a sanitary sewer and storm drain manholes located on effluent lines coming from the building until smoke was observed exiting system vents on the roof. Smoke testing revealed many leaks in both the storm sewer and sanitary sewer systems within the building. Sleuthing of the VI source term using a portable HAPSITE™ indicate elevated vapor TCE levels correspond with observed smoke emanation from utility lines. In some instances, smoke odors were perceived but no leak or suspect pipe was identified suggesting the odor originates from an unidentified pipe located behind or enclosed in a wall. Sleuthing activities also found building roof materials explain some of the elevated TCE levels on the 2nd floor. A relationship was found between TCE concentrations in the roof truss area, plenum space above 2nd floor offices, and breathing zone of 2nd floor offices. Installation of an external blower in the roof truss space has greatly reduced TCE levels in the plenum and office spaces. Preferential VI pathways and unexpected source terms may be overlooked mechanisms as compared to conventional VI.
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Chiang, Edwin. Successful Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Programs Implemented in the Navy - NESDI #494. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614566.
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Butler, Afrachanna, Catherine Thomas, Nathan Beane, Anthony Bednar und William Frederick. Phytomanagement of soil and groundwater at the Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) using hybridized trees. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42083.
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The Manhattan Engineer District previously used the 191-acre Niagara Falls Storage Site (NFSS) in Niagara County, New York, to store radioactive residues and wastes from uranium (U) ore processing. At present, management practices will determine whether enhanced evapotranspiration rates produced by hybridized shrub willow cuttings planted in 2016 will affect groundwater hydrology. Two shrub willow varieties were planted in an approximately one-half acre area to examine growth performance along a U impacted sanitary sewer line. Additionally, control plots will compare the effectiveness of shrub willows to unplanted areas. Observations of the planted area after 18 months showed success of shrub willow growth with increasing biomass. Chemical analysis from tree tissue samples of the field study showed no significant uptake of U or thorium (Th) to date. A greenhouse study conducted in parallel to the field study tested the willows under controlled greenhouse conditions and evaluated their ability to grow and accumulate contaminants under controlled conditions. Results from the greenhouse study demonstrated that U accumulation was minimal. Thus, this study demonstrates that the shrub willows are not accumulators of U or Th, an advantageous characteristic that implies stabilized contaminants in the soil and no translocation of U into the aboveground biomass.
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Deal, Kathie Jennette. Updated Stormwater Management Program Plan: For coverage under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit for stormwater discharges within the Middle Rio Grande Watershed (v.3). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1527315.
