Dissertationen zum Thema „Store Rise“
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1
Smith, Veronica Rose. „Future relics : the rise and fall of the Big Box store“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4757.
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Future architectural relics are everywhere, manifest in the ultimately unsustainable patterns many American communities have replicated - endless weed-infested parking lots, decrepit malls, the abandoned Walmart glowering across the street at the even bigger Super Walmart. Gone are many of the small, independently owned businesses that lined main streets in small and medium-sized communities across the country, rendered relics by shopping malls lauding big-name brands or cheap products. Malls, too, may be on their way to becoming relics, due in part to the Internet and The Great Recession. However, architectural relics in the form of big box stores have haunted the American landscape since 1964. These box-like, impossibly large structures continue to be built, only to stand empty several years later when an even larger store model is constructed. The country is facing a new obsolescence of extravagance. No longer can our floundering economy support an infinite boom of boxes. Every new big box is a future relic.
While many architectural and cultural historians such as Richard Longstreth, David Smiley, and Neil Harris have dissected the relic of the American shopping mall, few have grappled with the ubiquity of the big box store and how this structural form has departed from a longstanding tradition of retail architectural design. In this thesis, I analyze the factors have contributed to the rise and fall of these creaking behemoths of retail architecture. Ultimately, I contend that big box stores mark a stark departure in architectural theory and practice, and that this departure has manifested in a multitude of cultural, economic, and environmental consequences.
2
Borgström, Bendik, und Felix Knese. „The rise of store personnel : an exploratory study on how to utilize the grocery retail store personnel in the marketing of sustainable products toward consumers“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20877.
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Globalization has influenced the grocery retail industry and the most impactful changes are the preferences and habits of consumers. The increased consumption of consumers is one of the habits that have created a demand for sustainable products. The sustainable products can be marketed towards consumers by the frontline employees. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how grocery retail store personnel can be used as ambassadors toward consumers that will result in sustainable purchase behaviour. To answer the research question, several interviews have been conducted. The interview with the grocery retail expert aided us in the formulation of interview questions. The four interviews with two ICA stores’ personnel provided us with the empirical data needed for reaching the conclusions. Findings reveal that the involvement of personnel in communication with the consumers has positive a positive outcome. In this way, they can be seen as CSR ambassadors and, therefore, efficiently market the organization. To achieve CSR ambassadorship, employees and consumers must enhance organizational identification. One conclusion is that consumers may reach sustainable purchase behaviour when CSR ambassadorship is developed in coherence with a grocery retail store.
3
Tamari, Tomoko. „Women and consumption : the rise of the department store and the #new woman' in Japan 1900-1930“. Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250447.
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The aim of this research is to seek to situate women in the development of consumer culture in Japan in the period 1900-1930. This period saw the beginnings of mass consumption and the rise of what was to become one of its central institutions, the department store. One of the most important department stores to emerge was Mitsukoshi, which provided a site in which the new tastes and lifestyles of consumer culture and western modernity could be looked at, sampled and practiced. In effect the store could be seen as providing a new form of 'intimate public sphere' for women. Mitsukoshi also provided images and information on the new consumer culture classifications and learning processes through its house magazines. Other magazines, especially women's magazines, whose readership rapidly expanded in this period, reinforced this message. The extent to which women were seen as the central operators of the emerging consumer culture is a central focus of the thesis. The department stores were not only spaces for women to consume, but also to work. The emergence of saleswomen as a new category of working woman is also discussed. The ways in which an image of a new women emerged as they became employed in greater numbers in the new service occupations and became more visible in the city centre streets and consumption and entertainment sites, is also considered. One variant here was the 'modem girl,' whose image was both discussed and constructed in the media by intellectuals, writers and cultural intermediaries. One of the aims of this work is to sketch out the parameters of this process in Japan and ask how far the stores and other new urban spaces, along with the mediated sources such as magazines, newspapers and the cinema, helped to further some shift (however limited and temporary) in the balance of power between the sexes towards women, along with a concomitant redefinition of what it meant to be a women. The new woman, then, occupied a contested space which a number of parties sought to define: the consumer culture industries such as the department stores, press and cinema; the government with its various thrift and everyday life reform campaigns designed to keep women in the home, albeit as skilled housewives; the various movements for greater women's rights and reform, both in the middle class and the working class militant women workers; the intellectuals and cultural intermediaries, some of whom saw the 'modem girl,' as a new exciting phenomenon of urban modernity; and, of course, the women themselves, who not only reacted to these forces, but gained in their capacity and desire to have a greater say in the process and control over their own lives
4
Yi, Jonghyun. „The Korean retailing sector since the 1970s : government, consumers and the rise and fall of the department store“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2339/.
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This thesis is a study of the Korean retailing sector since the 1970s. It focuses on analysis of the three elements in retailing development - government, retailer and consumer - which engaged in a process of mutual interaction. It is used to address two main questions, namely why was the leading role of the department store in the Korean consumer market delayed, and why was its golden age both quite explosive and extremely short. The thesis argues that the emergence of modern retail formats in Korea was artificially delayed through consumption repression. It also argues that the explosive golden age of the department store industry was a result of the combination of two sets of behaviour: a strategic change by the department stores to focussing on necessities rather than luxuries; and the enthusiastic consumption attitude of consumers in response to previous consumption repression and consequent purchasing power. It shows that the short golden age of the department store industry was in addition closely related to the ownership structure of the big retail businesses which also owned other types of retail format. Companies made strategic decisions that led to the Korean department store sector moving back into the luxury market and giving the existing mass market up. The research also examined the application of the conflict theory of retail evolution to Korea, and the thesis argues that this theory is of limited applicability. Under Korean conditions of ownership, the evolution of retailing, particularly the department store format, was likely to depend not on competition and conflict between different types of retail format, but on mutual cooperation for the profit maximisation of the big retail businesses. The thesis also considers consumption as a criterion of equality or inequality, and argues that consumption should be regarded as a factor that had a huge effect on people's willingness to comply with the prevailing economic system.
5
Horká, Lenka. „Obchodní dům "Centrum" v Brně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227146.
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The Thesis solves reconstruction and completion of the building of „CENTRUM“ Department Store in Brno. It is an unfinished skyscraper designed by Vladimír Karfík. The Thesis gives a proposal of the reconstruction of the building, extensions and annexes, new functional use (areas for sale and for rent, restaurant and hotel) and proposal for the peripheral jacketing solution. There was an aim to generate such a design, which would refer to the original building from thirtieth of the 20th century, which would follow up with the idea of a skyscraper located in the centre of Brno and whose functional utilization would suit to the current needs.
6
Ledvinková, Šárka. „Obchodní dům "Centrum" v Brně“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227089.
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The architectural design of the reconstruction of Centrum department store is trying to establish a link to Tomáš Baťa by the phenomenon of high-rise buildings, and architectural design. The renovated part is trying to re-establish the original appearance and dispositions. New high-rise portion of the building are leveraging current architectural trends continue the functionalist Karfíks ideas. The aim was to carefully distinguish between the new and the original part of the building for the present pleasant correspondence with the surrounding historicist facades. This was mostly achieved through inclined and curved shapes with which functionalism rarely worked. Operation in new part is provided by a vertical communication tube, whose facade is composed of a vertical garden, which should contribute to the improvement of living conditions in densely built-up city center. The building is located in the center of city there are high demands for its multipurpose use. Shops, services and catering operations are situated in the lower part of the building. In successive floors is office space, and then on the top floor there are duplex apartments. Automatic stacker parking for residents is placed under the communication tube.
7
Wolff, Victoria H. „Storm smart planning for adaptation to sea level rise : addressing coastal flood risk in East Boston“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50122.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).
Regardless of how well we implement sustainability plans, now and in the future, the weight of scientific evidence indicates that mean sea level will continue to rise at an increasing rate over the next century. Thus, coastal lands and development lie in a precarious position, increasingly vulnerable to flood damage brought by storm surges and extreme weather events. In order to avoid disastrous losses of property, life, ecological health and social wellbeing, our cities and regions must quickly implement adaptation plans that consider plausible climate models. Coastal risk can be managed through rigid protections, soft landscape solutions, and land use decisions and regulations. In developing and implementing adaptation plans, it is important to understand the options and their applicability to different site contexts. Experts warn that today's once-in-a century flood will likely occur every two or three years by 2050!' However, Boston, like many other U.S. coastal cities, is in the early stages of devising adaptation plans that seek to reduce coastal flood risk from sea level rise. As implementation of adaptation plans may take several years or decades, Boston should act quickly to strategically consider its options. This thesis examines the effectiveness of different planning approaches to hazard mitigation in urban coastal areas and applies them to at-risk sites in East Boston under coastal flood scenarios for the years 2050 and 2100. Two sites in East Boston, one with a soft edge and one with a hard edge, create two distinct urban landscapes for design solutions.
(cont.) A menu of planning solutions that has been collected from a review of the literature and best practices is then used to inform design solutions to these problems. By applying contemporary predictions for sea level rise and the problem-specific expertise of coastal management to the site-specific realm of land use planning, I hope to provide a precedent and method for planners, particularly in the Boston area, to seriously incorporate sea level rise predictions into community discussions, regulations, and comprehensive plan making.
by Victoria H. Wolff.
M.C.P.
8
GUSSO, RICCARDO. „AN ANALYSIS OF DEPENDENCE STRUCTURES IN CREDIT RISK MODELS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2005. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/13110.
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2002/2003L'oggetto di questa tesi è un'analisi di alcuni modelli per portafogli di rischi di credito, con speciale attenzione agli strun1enti usati in essi per rnodelizzare la dipendenza fra i default individuali, la quale è una delle rnaggiori fonti di preoccupazione nel management del rischio di credito. Focalizzererno in particolar modo la nostra attenzione su alcuni modelli per più gruppi ornogenei di rischi di credito, e specialrnente affrontererno il problerna della stirna dei loro parametri tramite il rnetodo della n1assima verosirniglianza; a tale scopo introdurremo un'approccio basato sull'uso dell'algoritmo E~1 (Expectation-l\1aximization). Nel prin1o capitolo introduciamo i principali stnunenti maternatici che verranno usati nel seguito. Presentiamo brevernente la teoria delle successioni scarnbiabili di variabili aleatorie, e mostriamo una dimostrazione, nel caso di vettori aleatori, del principale risultato in quest'ambito, il teorema di De Finetti. Poi introduciamo il concetto di copula, e mostriarno il teorerna di Sklar, facendone vedere il funzionarnento nel caso di variabili aleatorie con funzioni di distribuzione continue. Attraverso alcuni esempi illustriarno in che rnodo le copule descrivano la struttura di dipendenza nelle distribuzioni rnultivariate. Mostriamo anche corne sia possibile attraverso le copule esprirnere in n1odo naturale il coefficiente di dipendenza nelle code, una misura alternativa alla correlazione lineare per descrivere la dipendenza nel cornportarnento delle variabili aleatorie rappresentanti i rischi. Nel secondo capitolo analizziamo i due tipi più cornuni di rnodelli per portafogli di rischi di credito, i rnodelli a variabili latenti e i modelli di mistura di Bernoulli. Si rnostra come essenzialmente tutti i modelli a variabili latenti siano basati sulla copula Gaussiana, e si presenta un esempio di una generalizzazione ad una struttura di dipendenza più generale. Dopodiché si fanno alcuni esernpi di rnodelli di mistura di Bernoulli, e si presenta un sernplice risultato che perrnette di riscrivere i modelli a variabili latenti corne rnodelli di rnistura di Bernoulli. Alla fine del capitolo introduciamo il primo dei modelli per più gruppi omogenei di rischi di credito che verranno studiati in dettaglio nel seguito. Nel terzo capitolo analizziarno i due modelli su cui si è concentrato il maggior sforzo del nostro lavoro di tesi: il modello ad urna rnultidirnensionale e il rnodello a scherna iterativo di urne. Essi sono due esempi di modelli di mistura di Bernoulli multifattoriali la cui struttura di dipendenza è determinata da una generalizzazione del modello ad urna di Pòlya, in modo tale da introdurre dipendenza non solo fra i default nella stesso gruppo omogeneo di rischi, ma anche fra quelli in diversi gruppi (ad esempio diverse classi di rating), introducendo cioè una forma di contagio fra i default. Di entrarnbi i rnodelli, grazie all'uso degli strumenti forniti dalla teoria delle successioni scarnbiabili di variabili aleatorie, calcoliamo la distribuzione congiunta del nurnero dei default nelle varie classi di rating. La complessità della stirna statistica del valore dei parametri di suddetti rnodelli ci porta ad introdurre l'algoritmo EM (Expectation-Maxirnization), un'algoritrno per il calcolo iterativo delle stime di massirna verosirniglianza, il quale è l' argornento del quarto capitolo. In esso descriviarno brevernente la teoria generale riguardo all'algoritmo EM, e poi mostriamo corne applicarlo al caso dei tre rnodelli considerati. N el quinto capitolo affrontiarno gli aspetti tecnici dell'irnplementazione pratica dell'algoritmo nei casi considerati e presentiamo i risultati ottenuti, discutendone la bontà ed i vantaggi e gli svantaggi dell'uso dell'algoritrno. Infine nell'ultimo capitolo attraverso alcuni grafici effettuiarno un'analisi comparativa dei modelli studiati e indaghiamo la loro capacità di esprimere la dipendenza fra i default nelle differenti classi di rating.
The subject of this thesis is an analysis of sorne models for portfolios of credit risks, with a special attention to the tools used in them to model the dependence between individuai defaults, which is one of the main concerns in credit risk modeling and rnanagement. We will especially focus our attention to son1e rnodels for several groups of exchangeable risks; in particular we will tackle the problerns related to the rnaxirnum likelihood estimation of the pararneters involved, and to this purpose we introduce an approach based on the utilization of the Expetation-Maximization algoritlun. In the first chapter we introduce the rnain rnathernatical tools used in the the thesis. We describe briefly the theory of exchangeable sequences of randorn variables and we show a proof, for the case of randorn vectors, of the main result about them, the De Finetti's theoren1. Then we introduce the concept of copula and we present the Sklar's theorem, showing how it works in the case of continuous distribution functions. Through sorne examples we illustrate how copulas can be used to describe the dependence structures in rnultivariate distributions. We also show how it is possible to express in a natural way the coefficient of tail dependence, an alternative measure of dependence between random variables, by mean of copulas. In the second chapter we review the two most cornrnon classes of rnodels for dependent credit risks, the latent variables rnodels and the Bernoulli rnixture models. We see how essentially alllatent variables models are based on the Gaussian copula, and we ci te an example of a generalization to a more generai dependence structure. Then we show some exarnples of Bernoulli rnixture models, and we present a simple result that allows to rewrite latent variable models as Bernoulli mixture ones. At the end of the chapter we introduce the first model for several exchangeable groups of risks that we will study in detail in the following. In the third chapter we analyze the two rnodels on which we have devoted the rnajor attention: the multidimensional and iterative urn schernes. They are two examples of rnulti factors Bernoulli mixture models whose dependence structure is introduced by generalizations of the Pòlya urn scheme, in such a way that it allows for dependence both in the same rating group and in different rating groups, introducing then some form of contagion between defaults. For both of them, by using the tools of the theory about exchangeable sequences of random variables, we derive the expression of the joint default probability for the number of defaults in the different rating groups. The cornplexity involved in the statistica! estimation of the parameters of these models lead us to introduce the Expectation-11axirnization algorithm for iterative rnaximum likelihood estimations, which is the subject of chapter four. We briefly present the generai theory about it, and then show how to apply it in the case of the three models considered. In the fifth chapter we face the technical aspects of the irnplernentation of the algorithm and present the results obtained, discussing about advantages and disadvantages of the use of the algorithrn. In the last chapter we plot sorne graphics to compare qualitatively the rnodels and to analyze their capacity of expressing the dependence between defaults in different rating classes.
XVII Ciclo
1970
Versione digitalizzata della tesi di dottorato cartacea.
9
Permual, Dindyal. „Investigations of stored rice pest problems in Guyana“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308943.
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Morris, Cathryn. „Miracles or myth : the royal Raymond Rife story“. Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/236.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Film
11
Sellner, Matthew J. „Seasonal activity of insects trapped in stored wheat in Kansas and stored rice in Texas“. Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15773.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Entomology
James F. Campbell
Thomas W. Phillips
Knowing the factors that influence the distribution patterns, establishment and persistence of stored product insects aids in the development of a more effective pest management program in grain storage structures. This research focuses mainly on the insect communities of stored wheat and stored rice in two different geographical locations, their temporal relationships and the most important or abundant species within that community. Stored wheat was sampled for one season in Manhattan, KS and for rice stored in Beaumont, TX was sampled for two seasons. Hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae) was one of the most abundant species and was present in every bin of either wheat or rice and appeared to move into and out of the grain mass. In wheat bin, Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was a predominant species captured in the bin headspace, but was not frequently recovered in the grain mass. Headspace temperatures tended to be warmer than grain temperatures and outside temperatures. Other major insects recovered in wheat bin included the following groups or species: Anthicidae, Lathridiidae, Cryptolestes, foreign grain beetle Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), smalleyed flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) and minute pirate bug Xylocoris favipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). In rice bins, the predominate species were hairy fungus beetle, foreign grain beetle and Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Angoumois grain moth was one of the most abundant species in rice, and was captured in the headspace as well as below the grain surface. Rice bins varied considerably in the relative abundance of different species between bins within a season and between seasons. Foreign grain beetle and hairy fungus beetle were especially variable among bins. Two species of weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that are not grain pests, the sugar cane rootstock weevil, Apinocis deplanata and rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were present in high numbers in rice bins from September-December 2009.
12
Liu, Yi. „Investigation of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge under Sea Level Rise“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96547.
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Storm surges induced by tropical cyclones have been ravaging coastal communities worldwide, where a growing number of people reside. Tremendous life and economic losses are caused by tropical cyclones, contributing to more than half of the damages induced by natural hazards. To improve the resilience of coastal communities to surge hazards, it is of great importance to provide reliable and efficient real time forecasts of the spatiotemporal evolution of storm surge, as well as reliable predictions of the probabilistic surge hazards under future conditions. Three specific goals are addressed in this work. Studies on characterization and prediction of surge before a hurricane landfall show that a dimensionless relationship between intensity scaled surge magnitude and wind-duration scaled surge timing may effectively be used for rapid and reliable forerunner surge forecasting. Investigation of how probabilistic surge hazard changes with sea level rise (SLR) shows that the probabilistic surge with SLR can be 1.0 m larger, while different individual storm's surge with the same magnitude can be 1.5 m larger or 0.1 m smaller, indicating the importance of not relying on results from a limited number of storm surge events to assess the probabilistic surge hazard change to SLR. Finally, studying the temporal evolution of coastal flooding changes with SLR shows forerunner surge responds differently to SLR than peak surge, and that storm forward speed is a key factor determining the forerunner-SLR response.Ph. D.
13
Grieco, Nicole Janine. „Risk analysis of optimal stope design : incorporating grade uncertainty /“. [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18117.pdf.
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Lewis, Matthew. „Uncertainties within future flood risk storm surge inundation modelling“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601160.
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Key uncertainties within inundation modelling of storm tide overflow were investigated for two regions. A northern Bay of Bengal LISFLOOD-FP inundation model was developed from freely available data sources, and forced with a storm surge model (IIDT) hind-cast of the 2007 cyclone Sidr flood event because no quality water-level records exist. Validation showed inundation prediction accuracy, with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) on predicted water-level of...., 2 rn, which was similar in magnitude to the forcing water-level uncertainty. Indeed, when observed natural variability within five key cyclone parameters was propagated through the IID-T storm surge model, extreme water-level uncertainty was found to be very high in the Bay of Bengal, and should be considered in future work (and flood risk managers). Future flood hazard mapping uncertainty is much less in the data rich UK; however, when some key uncertainties were propagated through a North Somerset LISFLOOD•FP inundation model of the 1981 historic flood, storm tide spatial variability was found to significantly affect flood risk estimates, second only to sea level rise. A new method for prescribing the still peak water-level along a coastline was developed (Method C), which characteristics the spatial variability using a relatively short record of modelled extreme water-level events, relative to a tide gauge. Good agreement (RMSE 36 cm) was found between Method C predicted water-levels and tide gauge observations for two historic flood events in East Anglia (1953 and 2007). Furthermore, remotely sensed storm tide observations along the North Somerset coast indicated the accuracy of Method C between tide gauge observations; however, fine-scale wave and bathymetry effects need to be resolved for accurate coastal flood risk estimates in the UK. Indeed, the quantification of uncertainty, and the characterisation of natural variability, is necessary for a robust flood risk prediction.
15
Whitworth, Steven Scott. „The untold story of Mexico's rise and eventual monopoly of the methamphetamine trade“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483632.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne ; Berger, Marcos. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 27, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72). Also available in print.
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Thomson, Lindsey Jane. „Scottish market crosses : the development of a risk assessment model“. Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/596.
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The purpose of the research was to investigate the causes and effects of stone decay and soiling upon Scottish market crosses, and to develop a risk assessment model for this monument type. Risk assessment methods are otherwise used in spheres of business and industry. This research is unique in exploring the possibility of applying these techniques to the study and prediction of monument degradation. Additionally, the research is the first synthesised study of market crosses since 1928. A mapping methodology was developed in order to record the condition of a sample of Scottish market crosses. Visible evidence of the erosion, soiling and conservation of these monuments was collected and analysed in relation to various associated weathering factors. A risk assessment model was then developed for predicting the future condition of such monuments. Integrated with this, intervention criteria and conservation guidelines were also produced aimed at those charged with the care of market crosses. The model was applied to a case study to assess the risk of degradation of the tested monument. The method was found to work in practice, and could be used by practitioners in the future. The methodology for the research can be summarised as follows. Based upon the literature review, hypotheses were formulated regarding the effect of various weathering factors upon decay and soiling patterns. Data for all surviving market crosses in Scotland was co11ected from archives and publications. A pro-forma and relational database were designed to hold an of the gathered data. A sample of 27 crosses was selected for detailed analysis. An increased level of data was col1ected for the sampled crosses, and a programme of intensive fieldwork was undertaken at these. Evidence for a11 visible decay, soiling and conservation treatment was mapped onto a detailed elevation sketch of each facade of every sampled cross. The decay and soiling were also classified according to intensity level and surface extent, based upon evidence from visual observation. In addition to the drafted mappings, the visited monuments were subject to a photographic survey. The collected data were analysed by interrogating the database and by applying a variety of statistical tests. A number of significant relationships were indicated between the various decay/soiling types and weathering agents. It was found that the patterns of decay, and particularly soiling, were greatly influenced by the monument characteristics, primarily due to the degree to which the stone was exposed to moisture ingress. Environmental factors were also found to have some influence, particularly the nature of the ground surface and the land-use type. Surprising1y, the leve1 of nearby traffic was found to have little effect. Climatic factors were shown to be significant in relation to a few decay/soiling types. However, the contradictory nature of these trends suggested that the ranges within Scotland may be too limited to have much real effect upon the observed variations in decay/soiling. Previous intervention was found to have some significant effects, particularly in the case of chemical stone cleaning. Risk levels for each significant relationship were calculated from the rate of occurrence and the amount of stone degradation observed in the sample. The sample risk model was developed to produce a pro-forma designed for use by practitioners involved in managing Scottish market crosses. Practitioners could use the designed system to regularly record the condition of other crosses and assess the extent to which they are at risk from decay/soiling due to various weathering agents existing at each site. Intervention criteria were also produced in order to advise the practitioner on when and how to intervene to stall the current decay or to reduce the risks of future degradation of crosses in their care. Methods were also suggested for interpreting and promoting market crosses to the public.
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Dorji, Jigme. „Seismic performance of brick infilled RC frame structures in low and medium rise buildings in Bhutan“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29689/1/Jigme_Dorji_Thesis.pdf.
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The construction of reinforced concrete buildings with unreinforced infill is common practice even in seismically active country such as Bhutan, which is located in high seismic region of Eastern Himalaya. All buildings constructed prior 1998 were constructed without seismic provisions while those constructed after this period adopted seismic codes of neighbouring country, India. However, the codes have limited information on the design of infilled structures besides having differences in architectural requirements which may compound the structural problems. Although the influence of infill on the reinforced concrete framed structures is known, the present seismic codes do not consider it due to the lack of sufficient information. Time history analyses were performed to study the influence of infill on the performance of concrete framed structures. Important parameters were considered and the results presented in a manner that can be used by practitioners. The results show that the influence of infill on the structural performance is significant. The structural responses such as fundamental period, roof displacement, inter-storey drift ratio, stresses in infill wall and structural member forces of beams and column generally reduce, with incorporation of infill wall. The structures designed and constructed with or without seismic provision perform in a similar manner if the infills of high strength are used.
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Dorji, Jigme. „Seismic performance of brick infilled RC frame structures in low and medium rise buildings in Bhutan“. Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29689/.
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The construction of reinforced concrete buildings with unreinforced infill is common practice even in seismically active country such as Bhutan, which is located in high seismic region of Eastern Himalaya. All buildings constructed prior 1998 were constructed without seismic provisions while those constructed after this period adopted seismic codes of neighbouring country, India. However, the codes have limited information on the design of infilled structures besides having differences in architectural requirements which may compound the structural problems. Although the influence of infill on the reinforced concrete framed structures is known, the present seismic codes do not consider it due to the lack of sufficient information. Time history analyses were performed to study the influence of infill on the performance of concrete framed structures. Important parameters were considered and the results presented in a manner that can be used by practitioners. The results show that the influence of infill on the structural performance is significant. The structural responses such as fundamental period, roof displacement, inter-storey drift ratio, stresses in infill wall and structural member forces of beams and column generally reduce, with incorporation of infill wall. The structures designed and constructed with or without seismic provision perform in a similar manner if the infills of high strength are used.
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Begley, David Douglas. „Weathering the Storm: Hurricane Resiliency in the Florida Keys“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84340.
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How can architects let their buildings interact with the water while protecting occupants from the potential danger? The two intents are very different and often compete with one, either protection or recreation, as the primary program in one project.
Water draws people, everyone likes being near water. People visit waterfalls and the beach just to experience moving water, they go boating and kayaking just to be on the water. Water views and access are considered an amenity that drive up prices in buildings. Whenever possible architects should strive to connect their architecture and water and to let occupants interact with the water.
However, water can be dangerous too. Overfull rivers wash away roads and cars. Floods inundate entire cities, and hurricanes devastate huge islands. In addition to catastrophic damage sea levels are rising around the world causing damage and rendering low lying land uninhabitable. Architects must protect against these dangers. If designed correctly buildings can offer shelter from storms and resist rising water of all kinds.
For my thesis I decided to study how to reconcile these two conflicting approaches to water.Master of Architecture
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Abo, El Ezz Ahmad. „Probabilistic seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of stone masonry structures“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1168/1/ABO_EL_EZZ_Ahmad.pdf.
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Parmi les risques naturels, les tremblements de terre ont une incidence significative sur l'environnement bâti et engendrent des pertes économiques et sociales. Les pertes élevées causées par les derniers tremblements de terre destructeurs mettent en évidence la nécessité d'une évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments existants. Parmi les bâtiments les plus vulnérables, les bâtiments anciens en maçonnerie de pierre sont nombreux dans les centres historiques urbains de l'Est du Canada, comme le Vieux-Québec, et représentent un patrimoine architectural et culturel dont la valeur est difficilement mesurable. Ces bâtiments ont été construits pour résister aux charges de gravité et offrent généralement une faible résistance aux charges sismiques. L’évaluation de leur vulnérabilité sismique est donc la première étape nécessaire au développement d’un programme de mitigation du risque et de mise à niveau sismique. L'objectif de cette étude est de développer un ensemble d’outils analytiques probabilistes pour l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments en maçonnerie de pierre et l’analyse efficace des incertitudes inhérentes au processus d’évaluation. En premier lieu, une approche méthodologique simplifiée est proposée pour la modélisation de la vulnérabilité des bâtiments et le traitement systématique des incertitudes. Les courbes de capacité sont développées à l’aide d’un modèle mécanique équivalent à un degré de liberté. Les courbes de fragilité, donnant le degré de dommages en fonction du déplacement spectral, sont développées sur la base de déplacements critiques des murs de maçonnerie de pierre. Une analyse probabiliste simplifiée de la demande sismique est proposée pour déterminer l’influence de l'incertitude combinée de la capacité et de la demande sur les courbes de fragilité. En deuxième lieu, une procédure pour le développement de fonctions de fragilité et de vulnérabilité sismique en termes d’une mesure d’intensité indépendante de la structure (l'accélération spectrale) est proposée. La procédure est efficace pour réaliser rapidement l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des bâtiments en maçonnerie de pierre et peut facilement être adaptée et appliquée à une autre classe de bâtiment. En troisième lieu, une analyse de sensibilité est réalisée pour quantifier l’influence des incertitudes associées aux paramètres utilisées dans la procédure de modélisation de la vulnérabilité sismique. Finalement, la méthodologie proposée est appliquée à l’estimation des dommages pour 1220 bâtiments existants du Vieux-Québec selon un scénario sismique de magnitude 6,2 à une distancé épicentrale de 15km pour une probabilité de dépassement de 2% en 50 ans. Les courbes de fragilité des autres types de bâtiments ont été développées avec la procédure proposée à partir des courbes de capacité proposées dans Hazus. Ce scénario montre que la plupart des dommages prévus sont concentrés aux vieux bâtiments de maçonnerie de brique non-armée et aux bâtiments en maçonnerie de pierre.
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Moth, Paul Daniel. „Examining the environmental justice of sea level rise and storm tides in New Zealand“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2649.
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Research has established that aspects of the environment are unevenly distributed among social and socioeconomic groups. While an abundance of literature documents environmental inequalities such as toxic sites, air pollution, and access to greenspace in North America and Europe, few researchers investigate coastal flooding as a result of sea level rise and storm tides. Flooding, coastal and fluvial, are the most common natural disasters in the world; and considering sea level rise and coastal squeeze, will likely become more devastating. The impacts of coastal flooding will vary between populations and often those who are vulnerable will bear the brunt of the adverse effects. This research assesses the socio-spatial distribution of sea level rise in combination with storm tides in New Zealand, taking into account factors such as gender, age, income, ethnicity, and deprivation. Results display that the distribution of risk to coastal flooding is disproportionately higher in environmentally vulnerable places, such as coastal urban low-lying areas, and among socially vulnerable populations, such as Pacific peoples, people aged 65 and over, and people of low-income and high deprivation. Research also exhibits variations for each region in New Zealand. Discussion of the results are placed into context with the existing social, income, and health inequalities in New Zealand and the areas where inequality to coastal flooding in the highest. Furthermore, the results are discussed in relation to the policy framework in New Zealand including the New Zealand Health Strategy 2000 and the Resource Management Act 1991. The argument demonstrates that the regulatory framework in New Zealand fails to recognise environmental justice or environmental inequalities. Lastly, the limitations of research are discussed as well as recommendations for further environmental justice research in New Zealand.
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Hoang, Tri. „Energy-saving biomass stove“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190358.
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This paper introduces an energy-saving biomass stove. The principle of energy-saving biomass stove is gasification. It is a chemical process, transforms solid fuel into a gas mixture, called (CO + H2 + CH4) gas. Emission lines in the stove chimneys typically remain high temperatures around 900 to 1200C. The composition of the flue gas consists of combustion products of rice husk which are mainly CO2, CO, N2. A little volatile in the rice husk, which could not burn completely, residual oxygen and dust will fly in airflow. The amount of dust in the outlet gas is a combination of unburnt amount of impurity and firewood, usually occupied impurity rate of 1 % by weight of dry husk. Outlet dust of rice husk furnace has a normal size from 500μm to 0.1 micron and a particle concentration ranges from 200-500 mg/m3. Gas emissions is created when using energy-saving stove and they will be used as the main raw material in combustion process Therefore the CO2 emission into the environment when using the stove will be reduced up to 95% of a commonly used stoveBài báo giới thiệu một bếp tiết kiệm dùng năng lượng sinh khối. Bếp tiết kiệm năng lượng thực hiện nguyên lý khí hóa sinh khối. Đó là một quá trình hóa học, chuyển hóa các loại nhiên liệu dạng rắn thành một dạng hỗn hợp khí đốt, gọi là khí Gas (CO + H2 + CH4). Dòng khí thải ra ở ống khói của bếp thông thường có nhiệt độ vẫn còn cao khoảng 900 ~ 1200C. Thành phần của khói thải bao gồm các sản phẩm cháy của trấu, chủ yếu là các khí CO2, CO, N2, một ít các chất bốc trong trấu không kịp cháy hết, oxy dư và tro bụi bay theo dòng khí. Lượng bụi tro có trong khói thải chính là một phần của lượng không cháy hết và lượng tạp chất không cháy có trong củi, lượng tạp chất này thường chiếm tỷ lệ 1% trọng lượng trấu khô.Bụi trong khói thải lò đốt trấu thông thường có kích thước hạt từ 500μm tới 0,1μm, nồng độ dao động trong khoảng từ 200-500 mg/m3. Lượng khí thải được sinh ra khi sử dụng bếp tiết kiệm năng lượng, sẽ được dùng làm nguyên liệu đốt cháy chính của quá trình đó. Do đó lượng khí CO2 thải ra môi trường khi sử dụng bếp tiết kiệm sẽ được giảm xuống 95 % so với sử dụng bếp thường
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Morris, Jeffery Thomas. „Risk, Language, and Power: The Nanotechnology Environmental Policy Case“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29195.
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In this dissertation I explore discourse around the environmental risks of nanotechnology, and through this study of nanotechnology make the case that the dominance in risk discourse of regulatory science is limiting policy debate on environmental risks, and that specific initiatives should be undertaken to broaden debate not just on nanotechnology, but generally on the risks of new technologies. I argue that the treatment of environmental risk in public policy debates has failed for industrial chemicals, is failing for nanotechnology, and most certainly will fail for synthetic biology and other new technologies unless we change how we describe the impacts to people and other living things from the development and deployment of technology. However, I also contend that the nanotechnology case provides reason for optimism that risk can be given different, and better, treatment in environmental policy debates. I propose specific policy initiatives to advance a richer discourse around the environmental implications of emerging technologies. Evidence of enriched environmental policy debates would be a decentering of language concerning risk by developing within discourse language and practice directed toward enriching the human and environmental condition.Ph. D.
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Chan, Yee. „Is strata title a solution to the problems of multi-storey building management in Hong Kong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939385.
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Jones, Phil Ian. „The rise and fall of the multi-storey ideal : public sector high-rise housing in Britain 1945-2002 : with special reference to Birmingham“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274430.
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Nikolic, Masa, und Rogin Ramak. „Risker kring småhusgrundläggning : En jämförelse mellan riskerna vid stora projekt och småhusprojekt“. Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148001.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka risker som finns vid grundläggning av småhus. Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie av geotekniska risker vid stora projekt. Riskerna som återkom delades in i geologiska, mänskliga och ekonomiska faktorer. Därefter diskuterades om dessa risker även är aktuella för småhus. Bland de geologiska faktorerna ansågs inte markförhållanden utgöra en betydande riskkälla för småhus då dessa antingen är välkända eller mindre svåra att kontrollera på grund av husets begränsade utbredning på marken. Däremot är det mycket viktigt att känna till eventuell förekomst och omfattning av farliga ämnen eller egenskaper i omkringliggande mark. De mänskliga faktorerna var okunskap, brist på kommunikation, otydliga kontrakt och beslut av chefer. Några risker var att nödvändiga undersökningar inte görs eller att resultaten av de undersökningar som görs misstolkas. Risker för missförstånd mellan olika yrkesgrupper ansågs vara mindre då färre människor kommunicerar på ett småhusbygge, men risken att byggherren inte tolkar experters rekommendationer rätt bedömdes vara högre. Otydliga eller obefintliga kontrakt bedömdes vara vanligare. Slutsaten var att de största riskkällorna är marken och projektledaren. Detta är fördjupningsdelen i ett arbete som också innefattar projektering och dimensionering av ett småhus.The purpose of this essay is to examine the risks associated with foundations of small houses. The method used in this paper was a literature study of geotechnical risks in large projects. Recurrent risks were divided into geological, human and economic factors. Thereafter it was discussed whether these risks could occur for small projects as well. Among the geological factors, soil conditions were not considered to be a significant source of risk for a small house since these are often well known or less difficult to inspect because of the limited expansion of a house on the ground. However, it is very important to be aware of possible presence and scope of dangerous elements or properties in the surroundings. The human factors identified were lack of knowledge, lack of communication, unclear contracts and management decisions. Some of the risks implied not performing the necessary investigation or misinterpretation of the obtained results. The risk of misunderstandings between different professions was considered to be lower as there are fewer workers involved, but the risk of a client not interpreting the recommendations made by an expert was deemed to be higher. Unclear or non-existing contracts were also assessed to be more common. The conclusion was that the greatest sources of risks are the ground and the project management
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Malmberg, Johanna, Leo Doherty und Pontus Josefsson. „En fallstudie av den förstärkta relationen mellan skattemyndigheter och stora företag“. Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9654.
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Skattemyndigheter världen över arbetar med att hantera den skatteinbetalning som behövs för att finansiera och driva samhället. Fullständig skatt betalas inte in och de uteblivna skatteintäkterna utgör det så kallade skattefelet, vilket definieras som skillnaden mellan den teoretiskt korrekta skatten som borde betalats in och den faktiskt fastställda skatten. Alla skattemyndigheter arbetar med olika medel och i olika omfattning för att minska skattefelet. De utför delvis kontroller och granskningar samt informerar och uppmuntrar skattebetalarna till att göra rätt. Kontroller kan utföras dels genom olika typer av stickprov, eller genom att identifiera riskområden och primärt inrikta resurserna till dessa områden.
Globaliseringen har medfört att företag ofta både opererar och handlar i ett flertal länder. Detta bidrar till en allt mer komplicerad skattemiljö vilken har gett upphov till ett behov av en förändring. Främst påverkas de stora företagen som också står för en betydande del av skatteintäkterna. Skattemyndigheter i vissa länder har med olika metoder börjat arbeta för en ökad relation tillsammans med de stora företagen. Genom att erhålla utökad information om företagen blir det lättare att identifiera risker för fel och kontrollera dessa. Företagen tjänar på att behovet för kostsamma revisioner minskar och att de erhåller en ökad säkerhet i sin skatteposition, då avklarade ärenden inte kommer att granskas i framtiden.
Skatteverket i Sverige driver idag ett riksprojekt mot skatteplaneringsaktiva som bland annat syftar till att skapa en ökad effektivitet genom en förbättrad riskhantering. Det nya arbetssättet kan, enligt indikationer, komma att ha liknelser med en del utländska arbetssätt. I och med detta fann vi det aktuellt att utföra en komparativ fallstudie av ett urval av länder för att se hur de arbetar med riskhantering och hur det visat sig fungera.
Vår undersökning visar att dessa typer av arbetssätt överlag har fått positiv respons av både företag och skattemyndigheter i samtliga av de undersökta länderna. Det har bland annat bidragit till en ökad effektivitet i granskningsprocesser, en förbättrad relation mellan parterna samt en ökad säkerhet hos företagen gällande deras skatteposition. Dock finner vi att det har visat sig svårt att frambringa ett ändrat beteende hos företagen gällande deras skatteplanering.
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Chu, Tai-wai David. „Oceanic hazard risk in low-lying areas of Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38849355.
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Whitworth, Michael Robert Zordan. „Utilising probabilistic techniques in the assessment of extreme coastal flooding frequency-magnitude relationships using a case study from south-west England“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8803.
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Recent events such as the New Orleans floods and the Japanese tsunami of 2011 have highlighted the uncertainty in the quantification of the magnitude of natural hazards. The research undertaken here has focussed on the uncertainty in evaluating storm surge magnitudes based on a range of statistical techniques including the Generalised Extreme Value distribution, Joint Probability and Monte Carlo simulations. To support the evaluation of storm surge frequency magnitude relationships a unique hard copy observed sea level data set, recording hourly observations, was acquired and digitised for Devonport, Plymouth, creating a 40 year data set. In conjunction with Devonport data, Newlyn (1915-2012) tide gauge records were analysed, creating a data set of 2 million data points. The different statistical techniques analysed led to an uncertainty range of 0.4 m for a 1 in 250 year storm surge event, and 0.7 m for a 1 in 1000 storm surge event. This compares to a 0.5 m uncertainty range between the low and high prediction for sea level rise by 2100. The Geographical Information system modelling of the uncertainty indicated that for a 1 in 1000 year event the level uncertainty (0.7 m) led to an increase of 100% of buildings and 50% of total land affect. Within the study area of south-west England there are several critical structures including a nuclear licensed site. Incorporating the uncertainty in storm surge and wave height predictions indicated that the site would be potentially affected today with the combination of a 1 in 1000 year storm surge event coincident with a 1 in 1000 wave. In addition to the evaluation of frequency magnitude relations this study has identified several trends in the data set. Over the data period sea level rise is modelled as an exponential growth (0.0001mm/yr2), indicating the modelled sea level rise of 1.9 mm/yr and 2.2 mm/yr for Newlyn and Devonport, will potentially increase over the next century by a minimum of 0.2 m by 2100.The increase in storm frequency identified as part of this analysis has been equated to the rise in sea level, rather than an increase in the severity of storms, with decadal variations in the observed frequency, potentially linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. The identification as part of this study of a significant uncertainty in the evaluation of storm surge frequency magnitude relationships has global significance in the evaluation of natural hazards. Guidance on the evaluation of external hazards currently does not adequately consider the effect of uncertainty; an uncertainty of 0.7 m identified within this study could potentially affect in the region of 500 million people worldwide living close to the coast.
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Ho, Kwok-wai, und 何國煒. „The end of a heritage : documentation of Shing Fat, the last traditional rice shop in Yuen Long“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208082.
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In Hong Kong, the popularity of supermarkets and a globalized lifestyle have led to the declined of the traditional rice trade and rice shops. This issue is illustrated by the case of Shing Fat Rice Shop (thereafter referred to as ‟Shing Fat’’), the last tradition rice shop in Yuen Long, a highly urbanized district in the New Territories that was Hong Kong’s centre of rice production from the 19th century to the mid-20th century. Facing stiff competition from modern supermarkets, Shing Fat closed in December 2013.
The significance of this research is that it is the last chance to document the last traditional rice shop business in Yuen Long. While the rice shop is no longer in business, the people involved – the operator, his family and its former customers – can still be reached for their stories. If this research is not carried out soon, the first-hand knowledge of a traditional rice shop business will be lost as memories of people connected with Shing Fat fade away in time.
The focus of the research is to document the tangible and intangible aspects of a vanishing trade, using Shing Fat as a case study. By mapping the shop’s (1) operational history, (2) interior layout and its relationship to the daily business operation, and (3) relationship with the community through its customers, the tangible and intangible aspects of a traditional rice shop in Hong Kong can be documented and analyze in order to give a better understanding to this vanishing traditional retailing trade.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Taylor, Nicholas Ramsey. „Development and Uncertainty Quantification of Hurricane Surge Response Functions and Sea-Level Rise Adjustments for Coastal Bays“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64300.
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Reliable and robust methods of extreme value based hurricane surge prediction, such as the Joint Probability Method (JPM), are critical in the coastal engineering profession. The JPM has become the preferred surge hazard assessment method in the United States; however, it has a high computational cost: one location can require hundreds of simulated storms, and more than ten thousand computational hours to complete. Optimal sampling methods that use physics based surge response functions (SRFs), can reduce the required number of simulations. This study extends the development of SRFs to bay interior locations at Panama City, Florida. Mean SRF root-mean-square (RMS) errors for open coast and bay interior locations were 0.34 m and 0.37 m, respectively; comparable to expected ADCIRC model errors (~0.3 m—0.5 m). Average uncertainty increases from open coast and bay SRFs were 10% and 12%, respectively.
Long-term climate trends, such as rising sea levels, introduce nonstationarity into the simulated and historical surge datasets. A common approach to estimating total flood elevations is to take the sum of projected sea-level rise (SLR) and present day surge (static approach); however, this does not account for dynamic SLR effects on surge generation. This study demonstrates that SLR has a significant dynamic effect on surge in the Panama City area, and that total flood elevations, with respect to changes in SLR, are poorly characterized as static increases. A simple adjustment relating total flood elevation to present day conditions is proposed. Uncertainty contributions from these SLR adjustments are shown to be reasonable for surge hazard assessments.Master of Science
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Wong, Yik-fan Frank. „The multi-storey buildings (owners incorporation) (Amendment) Ordinance 1993 : an evaluation of the government's intervention in the management of private housing in Hong Kong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812156.
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Suric, Daniella. „Using Multimedia Social StoriesTM to Enhance Prosocial Behavior of At-Risk Preschoolers“. Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5317.
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This study evaluated Social StoriesTM (SS) with three at-risk preschool children in a high- need public elementary school. Specifically, this study examined the use of a multimedia SS designed to decrease problem behavior and increase prosocial behavior. A multiple baseline design across participants with an ABC sequence was used to assess the impact of the standard SS and multimedia SS on the children's target behaviors. The results of the study indicated that the standard SS was successful in reducing problem behavior and increasing prosocial behavior for all three participating children. The results also indicated that the multimedia SS had positive effects on the children, further increasing prosocial behavior during intervention. Although the problem behavior did not further decrease when the multimedia SS was introduced, the low levels of problem behavior were maintained at a 3-week follow-up for all three children. All three children demonstrated maintenance of improved prosocial behavior during follow-up. Overall, the multimedia SS demonstrated high levels of social validity.
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Pyle, Desmond Mark. „Severe convective storm risk in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005529.
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This study investigates the temporal, spatial and impact characteristics of severe convective storm hazard and risk in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Using historical data on severe convective storms dating from 1897, patterns of the hazard threat and risk to various geographic populations were investigated. A conceptual framework that emphasises the combined role hazard and vulnerability play in defining risk was used for the study. A methodology for ranking the severity of the storms in the historical dataset, based on recorded damage/impact, was specifically developed for the study. It is intended that this methodology will have a potentially wider application and may be adapted to a range of hazard impact and risk studies in South Africa and internationally. The study was undertaken within the context of the South African Disaster Management Act of 2002. Findings of the study show that severe convective storms can occur throughout the province, but there are clearly demarcated areas of higher frequency and concentration. The impact of storms is particularly severe on impoverished and vulnerable rural populations in the eastern parts of the province, where there is an urgent need for building capacity in disaster risk management. A major outcome of the study is the production of a severe convective storm hazard/risk map of the Eastern Cape, which it is hoped will be of benefit to a number of stakeholders in the province, particularly disaster management, but also the South African Weather Service, agricultural organisations, development/planning authorities, educational authorities and risk insurers. It is hoped that this map and the study in general will assist in guiding the operational responses of the various authorities, especially in terms of those interventions aimed at disaster risk reduction in the Eastern Cape.
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Sun, Si'ao. „Decision-making under uncertainty : optimal storm sewer network design considering flood risk“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/112863.
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Storm sewer systems play a very important role in urban areas. The design of a storm sewer system should be based on an appropriate level of preventing flooding. This thesis focuses on issues relevant to decision-making in storm sewer network design considering flood risk. Uncertainty analysis is often required in an integrated approach to a comprehensive assessment of flood risk. The first part of this thesis discusses the understanding and representation of uncertainty in general setting. It also develops methods for propagating uncertainty through a model under different situations when uncertainties are represented by various mathematical languages. The decision-making process for storm sewer network design considering flood risk is explored in this thesis. The pipe sizes and slopes of the network are determined for the design. Due to the uncertain character of the flood risk, the decision made is not unique but depends on the decision maker’s attitude towards risk. A flood risk based storm sewer network design method incorporating a multiple-objective optimization and a “choice” process is developed with different design criteria. The storm sewer network design considering flood risk can also be formed as a single-objective optimization provided that the decision criterion is given a priori. A framework for this approach with a single objective optimization is developed. The GA is adapted as the optimizer. The flood risk is evaluated with different methods either under several design storms or using sampling method. A method for generating samples represented by correlated variables is introduced. It is adapted from a literature method providing that the marginal distributions of variables as well as the correlations between them are known. The group method is developed aiming to facilitate the generation of correlated samples of large sizes. The method is successfully applied to the generation of rainfall event samples and the samples are used for storm sewer network design where the flood risk is evaluated with rainfall event samples.
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Pakdel, Sahar. „Spatial–temporal Modelling for Estimating Impacts of Storm Surge and Sea Level Rise on Coastal Communities: The Case of Isle Madame in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20178.
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More frequent and harsh storms coupled with sea level rise are affecting Canada’s sensitive coastlines. This research studies Isle Madame in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia which has been designated by Natural Resource Canada as a sea level rise vulnerable coastal community in Canada. The research models the spatial and temporal impacts of sea level rise from storm surge by focusing on identifying vulnerable areas in the community via geographical information systems (GIS) using ArcGIS, as well as modeling dynamic coastal damage via system dynamics using STELLA. The research evaluates the impacts in terms of the environmental, social, cultural, economic pillars that profile the coastal community for a series of modelled Storm Scenarios. This research synthesizes information from a variety of sources including the coastal ecology and natural resources, as well as human society and socioeconomic indicators included in the four mentioned pillars. The objective of the research is to determine vulnerable areas on Isle Madame susceptible to storm damage, and consequently, to improve local community knowledge and preparedness to more frequent harsh storms. This research therefore presents a dynamic model for the evaluation of storm impacts in Isle Madame designed with the goal to help the community ultimately to plan and implement a strategy to adapt to pending environmental change.
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Sahin, Oz. „Dynamic Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise: An Integrated Spatial-Temporal Decision Making Approach“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368117.
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As the globe continues to warm, coastal communities across the world will increasingly be faced with rising sea levels, as well as changes in storm surge frequency and magnitude. Significantly, most infrastructure, settlements and facilities are located near the coast. While coastal communities have benefitted from the many advantages of living and working in these areas, inevitably they also face the threat of natural disasters. With concern for the consequences of sea level rise (SLR) and associated storm surge (SS), the primary, and most urgent topics for decision makers are the assessment of vulnerability and the evaluation of adaptation measures. However, due to uncertainty in climate change predictions, many vulnerability and adaptation assessments and most town planning activities, which are based on an the assumption that the sea level will remain stable in the future, are in a state of flux. Added to the dilemma is the realisation that the impacts of SLR will, most likely, be spatially non-uniform across the world. It is therefore essential for decision-makers to consider the dynamic and spatial characteristics of these changes in assessing the impacts of SLR when making decisions about future infrastructure and community life.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Hoang, Tri. „Energy-saving biomass stove: Short communication“. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29080.
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This paper introduces an energy-saving biomass stove. The principle of energy-saving biomass stove is gasification. It is a chemical process, transforms solid fuel into a gas mixture, called (CO + H2 + CH4) gas. Emission lines in the stove chimneys typically remain high temperatures around 900 to 1200C. The composition of the flue gas consists of combustion products of rice husk which are mainly CO2, CO, N2. A little volatile in the rice husk, which could not burn completely, residual oxygen and dust will fly in airflow. The amount of dust in the outlet gas is a combination of unburnt amount of impurity and firewood, usually occupied impurity rate of 1 % by weight of dry husk. Outlet dust of rice husk furnace has a normal size from 500μm to 0.1 micron and a particle concentration ranges from 200-500 mg/m3. Gas emissions is created when using energy-saving stove and they will be used as the main raw material in combustion process Therefore the CO2 emission into the environment when using the stove will be reduced up to 95% of a commonly used stove.Bài báo giới thiệu một bếp tiết kiệm dùng năng lượng sinh khối. Bếp tiết kiệm năng lượng thực hiện nguyên lý khí hóa sinh khối. Đó là một quá trình hóa học, chuyển hóa các loại nhiên liệu dạng rắn thành một dạng hỗn hợp khí đốt, gọi là khí Gas (CO + H2 + CH4). Dòng khí thải ra ở ống khói của bếp thông thường có nhiệt độ vẫn còn cao khoảng 900 ~ 1200C. Thành phần của khói thải bao gồm các sản phẩm cháy của trấu, chủ yếu là các khí CO2, CO, N2, một ít các chất bốc trong trấu không kịp cháy hết, oxy dư và tro bụi bay theo dòng khí. Lượng bụi tro có trong khói thải chính là một phần của lượng không cháy hết và lượng tạp chất không cháy có trong củi, lượng tạp chất này thường chiếm tỷ lệ 1% trọng lượng trấu khô.Bụi trong khói thải lò đốt trấu thông thường có kích thước hạt từ 500μm tới 0,1μm, nồng độ dao động trong khoảng từ 200-500 mg/m3. Lượng khí thải được sinh ra khi sử dụng bếp tiết kiệm năng lượng, sẽ được dùng làm nguyên liệu đốt cháy chính của quá trình đó. Do đó lượng khí CO2 thải ra môi trường khi sử dụng bếp tiết kiệm sẽ được giảm xuống 95 % so với sử dụng bếp thường.
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Harris, Kittiya. „Potential Impacts of Accelerated Sea-Level Rise and Hurricane-Induced Storm Surge in Western Pasco County, Florida“. Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6856.
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Sea levels have risen approximately 20 cm since the beginning of the 20th century and more than 3 cm in the past 20 years, suggesting that global sea level rise is accelerating. As sea levels continue to rise and storms become more intense, coastal property and populations become more susceptible to damage. Florida is especially vulnerable to hurricane-induced storm surge (HSS) and the onset of accelerated sea-level rise (ASLR) due to its extensive coastline and high population density along the coast. The main purpose of this research is to assess the potential economic impacts of ASLR and HSS for two of western Pasco County’s municipalities, Port Richey and New Port Richey. A Geographic Information System is used to determine the spatial extent at a high-resolution of coastal inundation, the economic loss based on property value and road expenditure due to this inundation, and its impact on critical infrastructure. The results from this study showed coastal flooding generated by 0.5m SLR amounted to 48.8% land loss and $217,108,692 of property loss. Monetary losses from inundated properties shifted dramatically from 1.0m to 1.5m SLR, from $295 million to $417 million, suggesting that the tipping point could only be a half-meter SLR. Based on the 2.0m SLR results, most of major highway US-19 was completely flooded, property tax losses amounted to approximately $7.1 million, and road expenditure was approximately $158 million. Data provided in this study can be useful for coastal management and planning in Port Richey and New Port Richey.
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Mansell, Peter William. „The rise and fall of the Twelve : a study in the use of story structure in Acts“. Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2017. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/1977/.
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The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the value of proper attention to ‘story structure’ in the study of Acts. The thesis works towards this aim in three stages. First, in chapters 1 and 2, the thesis develops the methodological framework of story structure which is proposed to consist of two interacting components: (top down) macro-structure which places an individual episode within the governing context of the story layers to which it contributes, and (bottom up) the way the meaning of an individual episode is shaped from and by its narrative clauses. Second, chapters 3-5 use the methodology of chapters 1-2 to support and guide a close reading of the narrative arc of the twelve apostles as Luke narrates their evolving story in Acts 1–12. This reading is focused by a question, appropriate to the narrative properties of Luke-Acts, about the goals of the Twelve (disclosed primarily in Luke 22:14-30 and Acts 1:1-12) and the steps taken by the Twelve to actualise those goals. Attention to the story structure of Acts 1–12 reveals that the narrative arc of the Twelve complies with Aristotle’s preferred ‘tragic’ shape, pivoting from initial rising success to ultimate failure around the turning point of 6:1-7, which discloses that the downfall of the Twelve is caused by their over-emphasis of the mission to Jerusalem and their ‘tragic flaw’ of hubris. Third, chapter 6 considers the implications of the methodology and application stages of chapters 1-5 for the contested debate over the restoration of the kingdom to Israel (Acts 1:6) and concludes against those like Jervell who see a completed restoration of Israel in Acts. The thesis then ends by considering implications of the research for wider exegetical issues such as the genre, plot and purpose of Acts.
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Favors, Jelani Manu-Gowon. „Shelter in a time of storm black colleges and the rise of student activism in Jackson, Mississippi /“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155750466.
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Favors, Jelani M. „Shelter in a time of storm: black colleges and the rise of student activism in Jackson, Mississippi“. The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155750466.
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Abreu, Francisco Trigueiros Sampaio Farto e. „Government bond yield spreads in EMU countries: the story of an ephemeral convergence“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11530.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe inception of the European Monetary Union appeared to have accomplished the yields’ convergence goal of Maastricht. Suddenly however, spreads against Germany started escalating towards the values of the early nineties. Through the usage of a fixed-effects Arellano-Bond dynamic panel estimation, this thesis tries to discern the role of liquidity and fiscal fundamentals in determining yield differentials for ten EMU countries. While markets tend to monitor high debtors via more structural fiscal measures, a late and abrupt reaction, as risk perceptions increased, unveiled the unannounced fiscal unsoundness of the peripheral. The consequent defaults will put into question the credibility of the Stability and Growth Pact. In this context, unobserved individual effects seem to be the least of our concerns.
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Jonsson, Björn-Emil. „Riskavsättningens inverkan på ett projekts riskhantering : erfarenheter från ett stort industriprojekt“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14322.
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Studien fokuserar på vilken inverkan ett anbuds riskavsättning har på ett projekts riskhantering och vad som kan förbättras med avseende på riskhanteringen vid anbud. Det finns många definitioner av risk är men i denna studie menas huvudsakligen ”kombinationen av sannolikhet för en viss händelse och dess konsekvenser” med betoning på oönskade negativa händelser. Produkten av sannolikheten och konsekvens används flitigt för att beräkna förväntad riskkostnad när konsekvensen är uttryckt i pengar. En intervju med en Risk Manager från ett stort industriprojekt har genomförts för att ta del av dennes erfarenheter från sin profession. Bland annat framkom det under intervjun att anbudet ibland överlämnas till den som efterfrågat anbudet innan en fullständig riskanalys har gjorts. Det framkom även att riskkostnaderna som inkluderas i anbudet ibland justeras ner från en tidigare bedömning. Bland annat analyseras anledningarna till att detta sker samt konsekvenserna av dessa justeringar. Även om målsättningen med studien var att fokusera på ett stort industriprojekt har det visat sig finnas både likheter och olikheter mellan stora och små projekt, vilket är en av de reflektioner som diskuteras i det avslutande kapitlet. Preliminära slutsatserna är bland annat att bedömningen av riskkostnader inför anbudet är av mycket stor vikt för genomförandet av projektet samt att det behövs gemensam terminologi och tydlighet kring risker i projektet. En annan preliminär slutsats är att riskanalysen bör genomföras tidigt inför ett anbud för att kunna sänka pris mot kund eller få möjligheten till större vinst alternativt ges ökad förmåga att hantera oönskade händelser.
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Laslie, Brian Daniel. „Red flag: how the rise of “realistic training” after Vietnam changed the Air Force’s way of war, 1975-1999“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15506.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of History
Donald J. Mrozek
This dissertation examines how changes in training after Vietnam altered the Air Force’s way of war. Specifically, the rise of realistic training exercises in the U.S. Air Force, particularly in the Tactical Air Command, after the end of the Vietnam conflict in 1975 ushered in a drastic increase in the use of tactical fighter aircraft to accomplish Air Force missions. Many scholars, including Benjamin Lambeth and Richard Hallion, have emphasized the primacy of technological developments in the renaissance of air power between Vietnam and the Gulf War. This neglects the importance of developments in training in the Tactical Air Command during the same period. This dissertation demonstrates that throughout the 1970s and 1980s Air Force leaders reconsidered some of their long-held assumptions about air power’s proper use and re-cast older ideas in ways that they considered more realistic and better justified by past experience. Realistic training exercises led to better tactics and doctrines and, when combined with technological advancement, changed the way the Air Force waged war. Tactical assets became the weapons of preference for Air Force planners for several reasons including their ability to precisely deliver munitions onto targets and their ability to penetrate and survive in high-threat environments. Tactical assets could accomplish these missions precisely because of the changes that occurred in training. At the same time, the rise of tactical assets to equality with strategic assets directly led to the demise of both Tactical Air Command and Strategic Air Command and the creation of the single Air Combat Command. The conventional view that a massive technological revolution in military affairs took place in the 1980s and led to success in Desert Storm is conceptually too limiting. That interpretation places too much emphasis on the technological advancements used to prosecute war and slights the experiences of the airmen themselves in the development of the training exercises that helped change how the U.S. Air Force waged war.
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Williams, Mark H. „Analysis of risk factors in the design and construction of perishable food product displays contributing to back injuries for Company X“. Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998williamsma.pdf.
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Halid, Hariyadi. „Interactions between stored products insects in relation to their management in Indonesian milled rice“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47097.
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Sinclair, Lian. „A Perfect Storm: Is RAMSI reproducing conditions ripe for violence in the Solomon Islands?“ Thesis, Sinclair, Lian ORCID: 0000-0003-1378-3668 (2012) A Perfect Storm: Is RAMSI reproducing conditions ripe for violence in the Solomon Islands? Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/12346/.
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The 'common sense' view of Australian foreign policy in the South Pacific is that it is aimed at securing a stable and friendly near neighbourhood for Australia. Contrary to this view, this thesis argues that Australian foreign policy in the South Pacific is based upon an ideology of institutional neo-liberalism and is therefore mostly concerned with transforming governance structures within and around states in line with neo-liberal models of statehood. The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) is an Australian-led intervention and state-building initiative designed in response to the violence experienced in the Solomon Islands from 1998 to 2001 and the following years of state bankruptcy and criminality that plagued the South Pacific state. RAMSI has been commonly represented as a success story of international interventionism and state-building, however, I will argue that this representation is seriously flawed because of fundamental oversights in two key aspects of the intervention, caused by RAMSI’s ideological underpinnings. Firstly, causes of instability and violence in the Solomon Islands are reduced to ethnic conflict, poor governance and slow economic growth, while political and historical causes are ignored or seen as secondary. Therefore the central 'solutions' to the 'failure' of the state revolve around the implementation of 'good governance' and private sector led economic growth, whilst long standing grievances are ignored. Secondly, RAMSI is replicating, or even exacerbating, many of the same political-economic conditions that led to the violent conflict to which it is responding. The implications of this argument are that Australian foreign policy in the South Pacific is actually undermining its stated objective of promoting stability.
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Paudel, Shishir. „CLIMATE CHANGE, SHIFTS IN TROPICAL STORM REGIMES AND TRIADICA SEBIFERA INVASION IN COASTAL MISSISSIPPI, UNITED STATES“. OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/694.
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Global climate change is predicted to affect timing and severity of disturbance events (e.g., fire, drought, hurricanes, wind storms, and inundation), but the extent of these disturbance events and their impacts on natural ecosystems may vary regionally. Rising sea level, increased frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered inundation regimes are likely to create changing environmental conditions in low-lying coastal ecosystems. These large scale disturbances may increase resource availability and regeneration spaces, reduce competition, and possibly increase community vulnerability to invasion. Shifting disturbance regimes and invasion together are predicted to drive long-term shifts in coastal plant community structure and ecosystem processes. However, impacts of altered environmental conditions on native and invasive plant species and the species responses to changed environmental conditions are poorly understood. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the probability of occurrence of juveniles of the invasive exotic Triadica sebifera and co-occurring native species, Baccharis halimifolia, Ilex vomitoria, and Morella cerifera in the field in relation to surrounding environmental factors, (ii) to assess the effects of elevated salinity across a typical coastal transition on germination of T. sebifera, B. halimifolia and M. cerifera, using controlled growth chamber and greenhouse experiments, (iii) to assess the effects of climate change and shifting inundation and tropical storms regimes on T. sebifera, B. halimifolia and M. cerifera, and (iv) to evaluate the role of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) on spread of invasive T. sebifera in coastal transition ecosystems at the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (GBNERR), Coastal Mississippi, southeastern USA. Results from assessing the probability of occurrence of juveniles of invasive and co-occurring native species showed that soil water conductivity (i.e., salinity) was the major factor related to the occurrence of invasive T. sebifera and native B. halimifolia, I. vomitoria and M. cerifera along the coastal transitions. Probability of occurrence of the invasive T. sebifera was significantly related to landscape factors and occurrence was highest in close proximity to roads, trails, power lines, and recreational sites, and water bodies. These results imply that future increases in salinity will negatively impact I. vomitoria, M. cerifera, and T. sebifera, leading to range contraction of these species away from the coast. However, natural and anthropogenic disturbances that often increase resource pulses and reduce competition, likely increase the dominance of T. sebifera in already invaded areas. Positive effects of landscape structures on T. sebifera occupancy highlight the role of landscape variables in promoting new invasions in coastal forests of the southeastern USA. Controlled growth chamber and greenhouse germination experiments demonstrated that germination of all species (i.e., T. sebifera, B. halimifolia, and M. cerifera) decreased with elevated salinity and that the reduction was most pronounced in soils from the most seaward zones along the coastal transition. Although native B. halimifolia was least sensitive to elevated salinity, invasive T. sebifera displayed plasticity of germination trait across different salinity levels in most inland soils. These results suggest that the phenotypic plasticity may facilitate spread of Triadica sebifera under some degree of salinity stress in more inland section of the coastal transition. A manipulative greenhouse experiment demonstrated that simulated canopy damage from intense hurricane winds and associated storm surge produced differential effects on survival and growth of native (B. halimifolia and M. cerifera) and invasive (T. sebifera) species at simulated different forest conditions common in the GBNERR. Invasive T. sebifera was by far the most shade tolerant of the three species and seedling survival under highly shaded conditions may provide it with a competitive edge over native species during community reassembly following tropical storms. T. sebifera may better utilize post-hurricane conditions (e.g., resource-rich empty spaces) and potentially increase its dominance in coastal forested ecosystems. The last experimental study revealed that invasive T. sebifera had higher VAM colonization compared to co-occurring native species both in controlled greenhouse and field experiments, and that the higher colonization leads to significant increases in aboveground biomass, supporting the hypothesis that VAM fungi strongly benefit the invasive species. These results suggest that the VAM colonization may be necessary for the initial establishment of T. sebifera along the coastal transitions. Furthermore, my research also suggested that T. sebifera was not allelopathic and did not interfere with growth of native species. Overall, the findings of this research provide insight into the impacts of climate change related shifts on performance of invasive and co-occurring native species across coastal transitions of the southeastern USA. Variation in invasive and co-occurring native species' performances under changed environmental conditions (e.g., elevated salinity and increased light availability) and improved mutualistic association between invasive T. sebifera and VAM fungi may drive increased invasion with frequent community reassembly of low-lying coastal ecosystems undergoing rapid climate change.
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Aurin, Shaila Nusrat. „Shareholder Values and a Story of Corporate Social and Environmental Negative Events“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42598.
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This dissertation considers the entire process originated by corporate events that impact the environment and the society (ES events). Using a rich hand-collected dataset with 1139 chronological incidents originating from negative corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related events, it explores stock market reactions to each stage within a chain of successive events triggered by negative ES events, including the recurrent, follow-up (either favorable or unfavorable), as well as companies’ response events. We find that the investors respond strongly negatively to negative events (origin, negative subsequent, and negative responses) and strongly positively to positive events (positive subsequent and positive responses). We also find that investors react more negatively to the negative subsequent and recurrent events, as well as company negative responses when they occur sooner after the origin events, whereas promptness of positive subsequent events and positive responses heighten the favorable market reaction. The study also reveals the presence of expectancy violation as investors of high-CSR firm react more negatively to the negative events. In addition, it provides observations suggesting that: (1) investors do not regard positive responses as agency-motivated events, instead they are more concerned about the availability of financial resources when a firm makes remedial responses to a negative ES event; and (2) the market cares about CSR events not solely due to their financial implications, but also because it considers socially responsible operations as a value-enhancing corporate duty.