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Ghaddar, Bissan, Nizar Sakr und Yaw Asiedu. „Spare parts stocking analysis using genetic programming“. European Journal of Operational Research 252, Nr. 1 (Juli 2016): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.041.
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Passmore, JGI, und CG Brown. „Property Size and Rangeland Degradation in the Queensland Mulga Rangelands.“ Rangeland Journal 14, Nr. 1 (1992): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9920009.
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Small property size is often cited as one of the major causes of rangeland degradation in Australia. However, there is some conjecture as to the importance of this effect and the process by which small property sizes lead to rangeland degradation. Relatively little empirical analysis of these issues has been undertaken, especially in a dynamic context which is all important in the case of rangeland degradation. Regression and dynamic programming techniques are employed in this study to investigate and measure the impact of property sizes on the use and state of one of Australia's most important rangelands, the Queensland mulga rangeland. Regression analysis of cross sectional data reveals significant correlations between property size, stocking rate and degradation. These correlations are confirmed in a normative stochastic dynamic programming model which demonstrates that it is economically optimal for graziers managing smaller properties to adopt higher stocking rates. For these graziers, the longterm costs of land degradation are exceeded by short-term financial benefits of heavier stocking. Thus government policy aimed at arresting the serious degradation occurring in the mulga rangelands should focus on measures to facilitate property build-up..
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Jiang, Langkun, Keqiang Wang, Jiaxu Liao und Xiaoping Liu. „Research on pricing and stocking of fresh goods based on nonlinear programming“. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 25 (26.01.2024): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/r0r97a57.
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In the fresh supermarket, due to the particularity of fresh goods, the fresh-keeping time of vegetable goods is relatively short, generally the wholesale goods of the same day need to be sold on the same day, if the day is not sold, it will produce waste phenomenon. Therefore, fresh supermarkets generally choose to price and replenish goods every day according to their experience and sales status. By establishing the relevant mathematical model, this paper gives the replenishment and pricing decision of vegetable commodities after the supermarket optimization, so as to maximize the profit of the supermarket. First, the box chart is used to pre-process the data, and then the distribution law of the sales volume of each vegetable category and single product over time is analyzed by data analysis and visualization technology. Then the Pearson correlation coefficient of the sales volume of each vegetable category and each single product is obtained by heat map analysis, and the correlation relationship between them is inferred. Then, by calculating the average daily sales pricing of various vegetable varieties as the cost plus pricing of dishes, using linear function and logarithmic function to fit the sales volume and sales price of each vegetable category to get the functional relationship between the two. Finally, ARIMA model is used to predict the wholesale price of each dish within seven days, and then the equation model is established. Finally, SLSQP method is used to predict the total amount of replenishment and pricing strategy of six vegetable categories in the next week.
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Hidayat, Taufik, Yulindon Yulindon und Rahmat Hidayat. „Perancangan Website Sebagai Sarana untuk Mempertemukan Supplier dengan Dropshiper“. Ultima InfoSys : Jurnal Ilmu Sistem Informasi 11, Nr. 1 (02.07.2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/si.v9i1.1328.
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Dropshipping or dropship is a form of trade where resellers or retailers make sales without stocking goods. A website is needed to facilitate suppliers in finding a dropshipper. Website creation needs programming languages, such as PHP and MySQL as the DBMS. However, a model is required to create a software. One of the software development models is Waterfall. It is a sequential software development model that ranges from analysis to maintenance stages.
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Ren, Ruyi. „Vegetable Stocking and Pricing Model Based on Time Series Forecasting and Non-linear Programming“. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 25 (26.01.2024): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gdmw0772.
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This study aims to help fresh produce superstores develop vegetable replenishment and pricing strategies to maximize their benefits. By analyzing historical sales records and customer demand, the study used an ARIMA model to predict future demand and a planning model to optimize superstore revenues. The study also analyzed the sales data of 6 major categories and 246 individual types of vegetables and found that flower and leafy vegetables were the most popular in the market. By performing Spearman correlation analysis on the sales volume data, the study obtained the two pairs of vegetable categories with the highest degree of correlation. In addition, a positive correlation between sales volume and total price was fitted by linear regression and converted to a negative correlation between cost-plus pricing and sales volume. Finally, past costs, damage rates, price factors, and demand were taken into account to optimize each day's data individually to maximize the superstore's revenue, where the maximum profit on the first day was $1,520.6.
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Rose, Dietmar W., und Chug Muh Chen. „An Interactive Thinning Simulation for Red Pine Stands“. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, Nr. 1 (01.03.1995): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/12.1.43.
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Abstract This paper describes a computer program, REDPTHIN, that permits the development of optimal thinning schedules for red pine plantations in the Lake States. The optimal schedules maximize total cubic foot volume production for any initial stand condition of age, site, and basal area stocking. These optimal schedules are derived via a special dynamic programming algorithm that the author developed. User specified thinning schedules can be simulated. Optimal biological rotation age and mean annual increment can be derived from the output table. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1):43-48.
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Forsberg, Odd Inge. „Optimal stocking and harvesting of size-structured farmed fish: A multi-period linear programming approach“. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 42, Nr. 2-3 (Oktober 1996): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(95)00132-8.
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Єліна, T. В., Т. А. Дзикович, Л. Є. Галавська und Т. М. Дмитренко. „РОЗРОБКА ЖІНОЧИХ ПАНЧІХ З ЖАКАРДОВИМ ВІЗЕРУНКОМ“. Fashion Industry, Nr. 4 (23.02.2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2706-5898.2020.4.1.
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Development of a model of warm and stylish women's stockings with a jacquard pattern, suitable for mass production. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a review of patent and technical іnformation on the manufacture of hosiery with jacquard patterns was realized. Autodesk AutoCAD software is used to increase the effi ciency of product design. Findings. The study developed a collection of women's stockings with animal ornaments and patterns for making the same. A pattern simulating the color of a zebra's fur was chosen for experimental production.A two-color double bed jacquard stockings collection is designed. The production of this knit does not involve the knitting density changes. Correspondence of the stocking surface geometry to the measurements of a person’s leg can be provided by increasing or decreasing working needles. The latter cannot be realized on specialized circular knitting equipment for hosiery production. The models of the collection can be made on fl at knitting machines accord ing to the patterns. An experimental model is made of half-woolen yarn on a semi-industrial fl at knitting machine Brother KH-965i. The linker Hague D280E has been used for the stocking’s parts sewing. A parametric pattern of the unfolded product in Autodesk AutoCAD has been created. To adjust the pattern to the desired size, a customer has to enter the measurements and the boundary will be redrawn automatically. An application in the Autolisp programming language has been developed to automatically calculate the knitting program (increase and decrease the number of working needles). Entering course and wale spacing values of the sample structure in the program allows the automatically calculating the required number of working needles in each part of the product.Practical value. The technology of making women’s hosiery with design patterns on the basis of double jacquard knits on fl at-bed knitting machines has been develope d. Such products can be made both on modern fl at knitting machines with computer control, such as, for example, automated equipment of the Stoll or Shima Seiki brands and on semi-industrial knitting machines, such as Brother, Selver Red and others.
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Ahmadi Tootkaleh, Esamt, Behrouz Afshar-Nadjafi und Mehdi Seifbarghy. „VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY POLICY FOR PERISHABLE PRODUCTS UNDER A COMBINATION OF FIFO-LIFO STOCK CONTROL“. Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 54, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.1157.
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For retailing systems, arranging the perishable products has always been a challenge. Although more profit is made when products are sold with a FIFO policy, now customers taste in a competitive market which requires new products to be offered to them has changed the game. This paper considers a hybrid of FIFO-LIFO strategies for controlling a retailer's stock and its impact on the profits of the vendor managed inventory contracts. The problem is formulated as a multi-period, multi-store integer programming model which aims to maximize the total profit. The proposed model considers different selling prices and different holding costs for perishable products according to their remaining shelf life. A dynamic programming with a backward strategy is proposed to find the optimal order quantity for each store. The numerical experiments confirm the applicability and efficiency of the model illustrating impact of the crucial parameters of the model on the stocking policy.
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Engle, Carole R., Ganesh Kumar und David Bouras. „THE ECONOMIC TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN STOCKING FINGERLINGS AND STOCKERS: A MIXED INTEGER MULTI-STAGE PROGRAMMING APPROACH“. Aquaculture Economics & Management 14, Nr. 4 (30.11.2010): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2010.526020.
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Decoo, W., J. Colpaert, W. Uyttersprot und E. van Elsen. „Doelmatigheidscriteria In Computerondersteund Talenonderwijs“. Computer-ondersteund talenonderwijs 33 (01.01.1989): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.33.04dec.
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Educational software for language learning is an emerging field with scientific experience since the early sixties. Its full potential will have to be reached dynamically by continuing research and by a better production. It is difficult to say how the most efficient language software will look ten or twenty years from now. A number of general criteria can already be indicated. Richness of content: high programming techniques and the optimal use of condensing procedures for stocking make it possible to include maximal contents within one software package. One disk should contain hundreds if not thousands of working hours for the user. That means that the production time shifts more to the making of content than to the programming. External versatility: by placing the content into databases it becomes possible to build a situation-independent program which allows to generate, within one package, a high number of specific lessons. This way the independence of the user is guaranteed. Didactic ergonomy concerns itself with many aspects. As to content, educational software should match any initial situation, be ready for use, contain a build-up planning for years, allow speedy overviewing, respect freedom of use, and limit error analysis. The programming ergonomy deals with screen presentation, the use of colours, the reaction speed and the user options given.
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Thomas, D. T., J. Finlayson, A. D. Moore und M. J. Robertson. „Profitability of grazing crop stubbles may be overestimated by using the metabolisable energy intake from the stubble“. Animal Production Science 50, Nr. 7 (2010): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09213.
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Grazing crop stubbles affects soil structure, groundcover, and the productivity of subsequent crops, but the cost of this practice is highly variable and not easily compared against the value of feed provided to livestock. To compare with and without grazing stubbles in terms of whole-farm profit and water-use efficiency we created a mixed enterprise farm model using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator and GRAZPLAN biophysical simulation submodels, and the Model of Integrated Dryland Agricultural System linear programming model. We hypothesised that grazing crop stubbles would increase farm profit by an amount equivalent to the value of the metabolisable energy (ME) consumed by sheep when they grazed the crop stubbles. Representative mixed farms where sheep were or were not allowed to graze crop stubbles were compared for two locations in the wheatbelt of Western Australia (Cunderdin and Geraldton) at two stocking rates. Across locations and stocking rates, the estimated value of the ME intake from crop stubbles was 2.2 times the increase in farm gross margin when stubble grazing was allowed. Contributing to this difference was that stubble grazing provided a less flexible feed source than supplementary feeding and in the absence of adjustments in stocking rates sheep tended to utilise more of the annual and permanent pastures when stubble grazing was not permitted. Therefore, the value of grazing crop stubbles to the profitability of the farm enterprise was overestimated by the ME value of the intake. Owing to reduced consumption of supplementary feed by livestock, whole-farm water-use efficiency of protein production was increased by 15% when grazing of crop stubbles was permitted. This simulation study shows that the value of grazing crop stubbles cannot be predicted well using energy intake from stubble grazing or reduced supplementary feeding costs.
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Nurul Hilda Syani Putri, Suhendi Suhendi und Imron Nugraha Imron Nugraha. „Sistem Informasi Perhitungan Stok Barang Per Gudang pada PT.Dima Habadi Menggunakan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing“. Jurnal Bangkit Indonesia 8, Nr. 1 (04.03.2019): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52771/bangkitindonesia.v8i1.160.
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This research focused on the problems in the sense of recording transactions on PT.DIMA HABADI who still have problems in stock reporting while doing the recording of transactions very much. Stock reporting process that still requires a long time, because the manual recording of transactions and should crosscheck back relatively much. Thus the purpose of this research cope in order to improve the weaknesses recording manually, and also to facilitate the stocking statements. The method used is the study of literature and data collection through in-depth interviews and direct observation to examine the workings of recording the transaction in progress. System development methodology is the use of "Waterfall Model" and is implemented through the programming language Visual Studio 2013 and SQL Server 2012 as the database.
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SHCHERBAN, Volodymyr, Oksana KOLISKO, Marjana KOLISKO, Anton KIRICHENKO und Yuryj SHCHERBAN. „COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION OF RECURRENCE ALGORITHM FOR COMB TENSIONING DEVICE SQUARE MACHINES“. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 307, Nr. 2 (02.05.2022): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-307-2-194-197.
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Computer implementation of the recursion algorithm allows at the initial stage to determine the thread tension, which occurs after passing the comb tension device of the hosiery feed system depending on the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials, geometric parameters of structural elements of the hosiery thread feed system. Computer determination of the change in relative tension on stocking machines is based on the use of the dichotomy algorithm in solving transcendental equations. Determining at the initial stage of the tension of the thread feed process on hosiery machines allows to determine the tension after passing the comb tensioning device, which will occur during the interaction of the thread with the structural elements of the cylindrical comb tension device depending on the type of raw material, curvature for bending, deformation in the area of contact with the guide, the feed rate of the thread. The increase in tension after passing the comb tensioning device is due to the increase in friction between the thread and the cylindrical guide. This is due to the increase in the coverage angles of the cylindrical guide rods of the comb tensioning device. The development of a computer program for determining the tension of the thread on stocking machines should be based on the use of object-oriented programming languages. Determining the tension and changes in relative tension in the refueling zones of hosiery machines, taking into account the specifics of the design of the thread feed system of hosiery machines, will reduce thread breakage, optimize thread tension in the working area of hosiery machines. The improvement of the technological process of thread processing on hosiery machines should be based on theoretical and experimental studies of the process of interaction of threads with structural elements of the feed system, including comb tensioning device and guides of large and small curvature. The main element of the structural elements of the feed system of stocking machines is a comb device for tension. Theoretical dependences for determining the tension after the comb device will allow to obtain algorithmic and mathematical software, which is used in computer software to calculate the tension and change the relative tension in the areas of refueling stocking machines. Optimization of tension in the working area will reduce the change in relative tension in the refueling areas of hosiery machines, improve the quality of hosiery.
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Anderton, L., J. M. Accioly, K. J. Copping, M. P. B. Deland, M. L. Hebart, R. M. Herd, F. M. Jones et al. „Divergent genotypes for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 7. Low-fat and low-RFI cows produce more liveweight and better gross margins than do high-fat and high-RFI cows when managed under the same conditions“. Animal Production Science 58, Nr. 1 (2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15636.
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The present paper focuses on the economic evaluation of the observed differences in maternal productivity of different genetic lines in Angus cattle that were managed under contrasting nutritional regimes typical of southern Australia. Five hundred Angus cows were managed concurrently at two locations in southern Australia. On each site, the cows were managed under the following two different nutritional treatments: High and Low, to simulate different stocking rates. Cows selected for a divergence in either carcass rib-fat depth or residual feed intake based on mid-parent estimated breeding values for those traits, were allocated in replicate groups to either High- or Low-nutrition treatments. By design, the supplementary feeding regime was the same for the High and Low genetic lines to ensure genetic differences were not confounded with management differences. Animal productivity results from the experiment were used as input data to evaluate the economic performance of the four genetic lines under the two nutritional treatments. Two methods were used; the first was a gross-margin calculation of income minus variable costs as AU$ per breeding cow for a 1000-cow herd; the second was a whole-farm linear programming model maximising the gross margin. Stocking rates were optimised by matching the energy requirements for the whole herd with the energy available from pasture and supplementary feed on a representative 700-ha farm. Using the two methods of calculating gross margin (per cow and optimised per hectare), including examination of sensitivity to changes in prices of cattle and supplementary feed, the present study demonstrated that genetically leaner cows due to selection of low fat or low residual feed intake, had gross margins superior to those of genetically fatter cows. They generated more income by selling more liveweight due to heavier weights and higher stocking rates. The results are affected by the management system utilised and some confounding with growth (leaner genetic lines had higher growth estimated breeding values), but will assist producers to make more informed decisions about how to manage animal breeding and nutritional interactions.
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Limère, Veronique, Hendrik Van Landeghem und Marc Goetschalckx. „A decision model for kitting and line stocking with variable operator walking distances“. Assembly Automation 35, Nr. 1 (02.02.2015): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-05-2014-043.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a decision model to choose between kitting and line stocking at the level of single parts, while taking into account the variable operator walking distances. Different ways of feeding assembly lines, such as kitting and line stocking not only have an impact on in-plant logistics flows but also determine the amount of stock that is available at the line. This, in turn, has an impact on operator walking distances during assembly. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed integer linear programming model is developed for the assignment of parts to one of both methods, and to be able to extensively test the model, an algorithm is created for the construction of representative datasets. Findings – Parts are often kitted because of a space constraint at the line, but even without a space constraint, the shorter walking distances might give preference to kitting. An analysis is presented that demonstrates how specific part characteristics influence the chances of a part being kitted. Research limitations/implications – Our research model can be extended to include, e.g., the study of alternative in-plant logistic designs and the outsourcing of kitting to a third-party logistics provider (3PL) or to the suppliers. Practical implications – The objective assignment model and the insights obtained from it are valuable for logistics and production engineers that otherwise have to rely solely on intuition. In situations with thousands of components, intuition mostly falls far short. Originality/value – First, existing models do not consider variable walking distances, which are shown to have a crucial impact on the decision. Second, the data instances created allow for a systematic comparison of future research in the field.
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Achoja, Felix Odemero. „Original Research Article Financial Risk Threshold Determination in Broiler Enterprise in Delta State, Nigeria“. Agricultura tropica et subtropica 46, Nr. 4 (01.12.2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2013-0021.
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Abstract Increasing concern about the problem of risk associated with poultry business has highlighted the need for its comprehensive understanding. A clear knowledge of financial risk in broiler enterprise will pave the way to efficient mitigation strategies among broiler producers. This study investigates financial risk programming, and threshold analysis in broiler enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. Probabilistic (multi-stage) sampling procedure was adopted in selecting 200 broiler farmers for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect 6 years time series data (2004-2009) from the respondents. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, QSB version of linear programming model, and threshold model. The results of the study showed that broiler enterprise is profitable with optimum net profit of N47,925 and N357,558 per small scale and large scale producers, respectively. An optimum profit of N389.9 per bird was earned by broiler producers. The output of QSB version of linear programming showed that at the stocking rate of 20, 692 birds, financial risk is optimized at 15%. The threshold regression model revealed that the broiler enterprise in the study area generally operated below the risk threshold. Simple regression indicated that expected return is positively and significantly (P < 0.05) related with financial risk. Incorporating financial risk as a constraint in the broiler farm plan is a useful contribution that will enhance efficient farm planning. The optimal return and financial risk threshold provided in this study will improve the confidence level of stakeholders in poultry industry such as current and potential investors, insurance institution and institutional lenders. This will translate to growth in the broiler subsector of the poultry industry in Delta State
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Celik, Erkan, Nezir Aydin und Alev Taskin Gumus. „A stochastic location and allocation model for critical items to response large-scale emergencies: A case of Turkey“. An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 7, Nr. 1 (11.10.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2017.00300.
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This paper aims to decide on the number of facilities and their locations, procurement for pre and post-disaster, and allocation to mitigate the effects of large-scale emergencies. A two-stage stochastic mixed integer programming model is proposed that combines facility location- prepositioning, decisions on pre-stocking levels for emergency supplies, and allocation of located distribution centers (DCs) to affected locations and distribution of those supplies to several demand locations after large-scale emergencies with uncertainty in demand. Also, the use of the model is demonstrated through a case study for prepositioning of supplies in probable large-scale emergencies in the eastern and southeastern Anatolian sides of Turkey. The results provide a framework for relief organizations to determine the location and number of DCs in different settings, by using the proposed model considering the main parameters, as; capacity of facilities, probability of being affected for each demand points, severity of events, maximum distance between a demand point and distribution center.
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Çelikdin, Alperen Ekrem. „Optimizing seasonal grain intakes with non-linear programming: An application in the feed industry“. An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 12, Nr. 2 (12.06.2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.2022.1158.
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In the feed sector, 95% of the input costs arise from the supply of raw materials used in feed production. The selling price is determined by competition in free market conditions. Due to the use of similar technologies and the very small share of production costs in total costs, it is unlikely that a competitive advantage will be gained through innovations in production. Between 30% and 50% of grain products are used in feed ration analysis. Cereals can only be harvested at a certain time of the year. Due to this limited time frame, feed production enterprises have to balance their financial burdens with their operational needs while making their annual stocks. The study was carried out to cover all the relevant businesses of the company, which has feed factories in four regions of Turkey. Based on the season data of the year 2020-2021, the grain purchase planning for the year 2021-2022 was tried to be optimized with non-linear programming. While creating the mathematical model, grain prices, interest rates, production needs according to production planning, sales according to sales forecasts, factory stocking capacities, licensed warehouse rental, transportation, handling and transshipment costs were taken into account. With this unique paper, in the cattle feed production sector, storage, transportation and handling costs will be minimized. Cost advantage will be provided with optimum purchase planning in the season. According to the grain pricing forecast and market data for the 2021-2022 season, model can provide a cost advantage of 0.7%. Model will also provide insight to the managers for additional storage space investments.
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Behrendt, Karl, Oscar Cacho, James M. Scott und Randall Jones. „Optimising pasture and grazing management decisions on the Cicerone Project farmlets over variable time horizons“. Animal Production Science 53, Nr. 8 (2013): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11174.
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This study addresses the problem of balancing the trade-offs between the need for animal production, profit, and the goal of achieving persistence of desirable species within grazing systems. The bioeconomic framework applied in this study takes into account the impact of climate risk and the management of pastures and grazing rules on the botanical composition of the pasture resource, a factor that impacts on livestock production and economic returns over time. The framework establishes the links between inputs, the state of the pasture resource and outputs, to identify optimal pasture development strategies. The analysis is based on the application of a dynamic pasture resource development simulation model within a seasonal stochastic dynamic programming framework. This enables the derivation of optimum decisions within complex grazing enterprises, over both short-term tactical (such as grazing rest) and long-term strategic (such as pasture renovation) time frames and under climatic uncertainty. The simulation model is parameterised using data and systems from the Cicerone Project farmlet experiment. Results indicate that the strategic decision of pasture renovation should only be considered when pastures are in a severely degraded state, whereas the tactical use of grazing rest or low stocking rates should be considered as the most profitable means of maintaining adequate proportions of desirable species within a pasture sward. The optimal stocking rates identified reflected a pattern which may best be described as a seasonal saving and consumption cycle. The optimal tactical and strategic decisions at different pasture states, based on biomass and species composition, varies both between seasons and in response to the imposed soil fertility regime. Implications of these findings at the whole-farm level are discussed in the context of the Cicerone Project farmlets.
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Zhou, Binghai, und Jiahui Xu. „A novel optimized cyclic part feeding system with line-integrated supermarkets“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, Nr. 3 (23.01.2018): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417752510.
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To unify the merits of traditional in-plant parts logistics alternatives such as line stocking and kitting, the concept of line-integrated supermarkets is introduced to improve the part feeding in mixed-model assembly lines. First, the highly interdependent optimization problems of assigning stations and scheduling logistics operators are described, and mathematical models are established with the aim to minimize the fleet size of logistics operators and unit part delivery time as well. Together with particular theorems and lemmas, a nested dynamic programming is presented to obtain global optimum for small-sized instances while a modified harmony search algorithm is constructed for medium- or large-sized instances. Benefit from repeatedly dividing and reconstructing the harmony memory, the computation speed is significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, crossover and mutation operations effectively improve the diversity of solutions to overcome deficiencies such as limited search depth and tendencies to trapping into local optimum. Finally, experimental results validate that the proposed algorithm is of competitive performance in effectiveness and efficiency compared to some other basic or modified meta-heuristics.
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Addis, Addisu H., Hugh T. Blair, Paul R. Kenyon, Stephen T. Morris und Nicola M. Schreurs. „Optimization of Profit for Pasture-Based Beef Cattle and Sheep Farming Using Linear Programming: Model Development and Evaluation“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 6 (04.06.2021): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060524.
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A linear programming optimization tool is useful to assist farmers with optimizing resource allocation and profitability. This study developed a linear programming profit optimization model with a silage supplement scenario. Utilizable kilograms of pasture dry matter (kg DM) of the total pasture mass was derived using minimum and maximum pasture mass available for beef cattle and sheep and herbage utilization percentage. Daily metabolizable energy (MJ ME/head) requirements for the various activities of beef cattle and sheep were estimated and then converted to kg DM/head on a bi-monthly basis. Linear programming was employed to identify the optimum carrying capacity of beef cattle and sheep, the most profitable slaughtering ages of beef cattle, the number of prime lambs (sold to meat processing plants), and sold store lambs (sold to other farmers for finishing). Gross farm revenue (GFR) and farm earnings before tax (EBT) per hectare and per stock unit, as well as total farm expenditure (TFE), were calculated and compared to the average value of Taranaki-Manawatu North Island intensive finishing sheep and beef Class 5 farming using Beef and Lamb New Zealand (B+LNZ) data. The modeled farm ran 46% more stock units (a stock unit consumed 550 kg DM/year) than the average value of Class 5 farms. At this stocking rate, 83% of the total feed supplied for each species was consumed, and pasture supplied 95% and 98% of beef cattle and sheep feed demands, respectively. More than 70% of beef cattle were finished before the second winter. This enabled the optimized system to return 53% and 188% higher GFR/ha and EBT/ha, respectively, compared to the average values for a Class 5 farm. This paper did not address risk, such as pasture growth and price fluctuations. To understand this, several additional scenarios could be examined using this model. Further studies to include alternative herbages and crops for feed supply during summer and winter are required to expand the applicability of the model for different sheep and beef cattle farm systems.
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Costa, Fernando Paim, und Tahir Rehman. „Unravelling the rationale of `overgrazing' and stocking rates in the beef production systems of Central Brazil using a bi-criteria compromise programming model“. Agricultural Systems 83, Nr. 3 (März 2005): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.02.011.
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Hu, Hongtao, Jiao Mo und Chengle Ma. „Optimization of Vehicle Routing with Pickup Based on Multibatch Production“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (01.11.2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2804589.
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To reduce the inventory cost and ensure product quality while meeting the diverse demands of customers, manufacturers yield products in batches. However, the raw materials required for manufacturing need to be obtained from suppliers in advance, making it necessary to understand beforehand how to best structure the pickup routes so as to reduce the cost of picking up and stocking while also ensuring the supply of raw materials required for each batch of production. To reduce the transportation and inventory costs, therefore, this paper establishes a mixed integer programming model for the joint optimization of multibatch production and vehicle routing problems involving a pickup. Following this, a two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve this model. In the first stage, an integrated algorithm, combining the Clarke-Wright (CW) algorithm and the Record to Record (RTR) travel algorithm, was used to solve vehicle routing problem. In the second stage, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to allocate vehicles to each production batch. Multiple sets of numerical experiments were then performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the performance efficiency of the two-stage hybrid heuristic algorithm.
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Bhattacharjee, Rohan, Debjyoti Ghosh und Abhirup Mazumder. „A REVIEW ON HYPER-PARAMETER OPTIMISATION BY DEEP LEARNING EXPERIMENTS“. Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 2, Nr. 4 (05.07.2021): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.2407.
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It has been found that during the runtime of a deep learning experiment, the intermediate resultant values get removed while the processes carry forward. This removal of data forces the interim experiment to roll back to a certain initial point after which the hyper-parameters or results become difficult to obtain (mostly for a vast set of experimental data). Hyper-parameters are the various constraints/measures that a learning model requires to generalise distinct data patterns and control the learning process. A proper choice and optimization of these hyper-parameters must be made so that the learning model is capable of resolving the given machine learning problem and during training, a specific performance objective for an algorithm on a dataset is optimised. This review paper aims at presenting a Parameter Optimisation for Learning (POL) model highlighting the all-round features of a deep learning experiment via an application-based programming interface (API). This provides the means of stocking, recovering and examining parameters settings and intermediate values. To ease the process of optimisation of hyper-parameters further, the model involves the application of optimisation functions, analysis and data management. Moreover, the prescribed model boasts of a higher interactive aspect and is circulating across a number of machine learning experts, aiding further utility in data management.
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Engle, Carole, und Ganesh Kumar. „THE EFFECT OF CASH FLOW AND CREDIT CONSTRAINTS ON FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY AND STOCKING STRATEGIES ON U.S. CATFISH FARMS: A MIXED-INTEGER MULTI-STAGE PROGRAMMING APPROACH“. Aquaculture Economics & Management 15, Nr. 3 (Juli 2011): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2011.598216.
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Caputo, Antonio C., Pacifico M. Pelagagge und Paolo Salini. „A decision model for selecting parts feeding policies in assembly lines“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, Nr. 6 (13.07.2015): 974–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-02-2015-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimization model allowing the choice of parts feeding policy to assembly lines in order to minimize total cost. Design/methodology/approach – An integer linear programming mathematical model is developed to assign the optimal material feeding policy to each part type. The model allows choice between kitting, line stocking and just in time delivery policies. Findings – The choice of assembly lines feeding policy is not trivial and requires a thorough economic comparison of alternatives. It is found that a proper mix of parts feeding policies may be better that adopting a single material delivery policy for all parts. Research limitations/implications – The model is aimed at single-model assembly lines operating in a deterministic environment, but can be extended to the multi-model line case. While relevant quantitative cost drivers are included, some context-related qualitative factors are not included yet. The model assumes that information about product structure and part requirements are known and that a preliminary design of the assembly system has been carried out. Practical implications – Production managers are given a quantitative-decision tool to determine the optimal mix of material supply policies at an early decision stage. Originality/value – Respect previous simplified literature models, this approach allows to quantify a number of additional factors which are critical for successful implementation of cost-effective parts feeding systems, allowing comparison of alternative policies on a consistent basis.
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Härtl, Fabian H., Ivan Barka, W. Andreas Hahn, Tomáš Hlásny, Florian Irauschek, Thomas Knoke, Manfred J. Lexer und Verena C. Griess. „Multifunctionality in European mountain forests — an optimization under changing climatic conditions“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, Nr. 2 (Februar 2016): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0264.
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Forests provide countless ecological, societal, and climatological benefits. With changing climate, maintaining certain services may lead to a decrease in the quantity or quality of other services available from that source. Accordingly, our research objective is to analyze the effects of the provision of a certain ecosystem service on the economically optimized harvest schedules and how harvest schedules will be influenced by climate change. Based on financial portfolio theory, we determined, for two case study regions in Austria and Slovakia, treatment schedules based on nonlinear programming, which integrates climate-sensitive biophysical risks and risk-averting behavior of the management. In both cases, results recommend reducing the overaged stocking volume within several decades to establish new ingrowth, leading to an overall reduction of age and related risk, as well as an increase in growth. Under climate change conditions, the admixing of hardwoods towards spruce–fir–beech (Austria) or spruce–pine–beech (Slovakia) stands should be emphasized to account for the changing risk and growth conditions. Moreover, climate change scenarios either increased (Austria) or decreased (Slovakia) the economic return slightly. In both cases, the costs for providing the ecosystem service “rock fall protection” increases under climate change. Although in the Austrian case there is no clear tendency between the management options, in the Slovakian case, a close-to-nature management option is preferred under climate change conditions. Increasing tree species richness, increasing structural diversity, replacing high-risk stands, and reducing average growing stocks are important preconditions for a successful sustainable management of European mountain forests in the long term.
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Niemi, Jarkko K., Kari Hyytiäinen, Astou Diao Camara, Cheickh Sadibou Fall und Siwa Msangi. „Simulated impacts of weather variability on seasonally moving pastoral livestock in northern Senegal“. Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, Nr. 33 (31.01.2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75213.
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Households in the arid or semi-arid regions often practice transhumance, which means that the household or part of it moves seasonally with animals from a common pasture to another. Semi-arid regions in the Sahel have faced increasing environmental pressure due to population growth and decreasing rainfall. In northern Senegal this has changed the pattern of movement and stocking densities in the area. Pastoral livestock which utilizes common rangeland is heavily exposed to weather variability. The goal of this paper is to examine how potential changes in weather variability and rainfall could affect the decisions to move animals in an extensive pastoral livestock system across two regions. Building on earlier research we develop a stochastic dynamic programming model that describes extensive, common-pasture-based livestock under stochastic and spatially varying weather. We extend previous research by allowing animal’s movements between two regions and take into account that decisions can be adjusted when new information about the weather arrives. Decision rules to sell and move animals under exogenous price, market and climate scenarios are investigated. The results show that in the absence of efficient feed markets and under unpredictable weather, transhumance can be a rational livestock management strategy. Weather has an important role in the herder’s decision-making especially in years when the rainfall turns out to be below that of an average year. By contrast, economic variables play an important role when rainfall is not limiting herd sales decisions. Increased frequency of extreme weather conditions, such as heavy drought or rainfall, may have more severe impacts on livestock husbandry than gradual changes in the mean annual rainfall or temperature suggest. Hence, policies should aim at mitigating the negative consequences of extreme weather
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SHRESTHA, S., M. ABDALLA, T. HENNESSY, D. FORRISTAL und M. B. JONES. „Irish farms under climate change – is there a regional variation on farm responses?“ Journal of Agricultural Science 153, Nr. 3 (01.05.2014): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614000331.
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SUMMARYThe current paper aims to determine regional impacts of climate change on Irish farms examining the variation in farm responses. A set of crop growth models were used to determine crop and grass yields under a baseline scenario and a future climate scenario. These crop and grass yields were used along with farm-level data taken from the Irish National Farm Survey in an optimizing farm-level (farm-level linear programming) model, which maximizes farm profits under limiting resources. A change in farm net margins under the climate change scenario compared to the baseline scenario was taken as a measure to determine the effect of climate change on farms. The growth models suggested a decrease in cereal crop yields (up to 9%) but substantial increase in yields of forage maize (up to 97%) and grass (up to 56%) in all regions. Farms in the border, midlands and south-east regions suffered, whereas farms in all other regions generally fared better under the climate change scenario used in the current study. The results suggest that there is a regional variability between farms in their responses to the climate change scenario. Although substituting concentrate feed with grass feeds is the main adaptation on all livestock farms, the extent of such substitution differs between farms in different regions. For example, large dairy farms in the south-east region adopted total substitution of concentrate feed while similar dairy farms in the south-west region opted to replace only 0·30 of concentrate feed. Farms in most of the regions benefitted from increasing stocking rate, except for sheep farms in the border and dairy farms in the south-east regions. The tillage farms in the mid-east region responded to the climate change scenario by shifting arable production to beef production on farms.
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Myroniuk, Viktor, Mykola Kutia, Arbi J. Sarkissian, Andrii Bilous und Shuguang Liu. „Regional-Scale Forest Mapping over Fragmented Landscapes Using Global Forest Products and Landsat Time Series Classification“. Remote Sensing 12, Nr. 1 (05.01.2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010187.
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Satellite imagery of 25–30 m spatial resolution has been recognized as an effective tool for monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of forest cover at different scales. However, the precise mapping of forest cover over fragmented landscapes is complicated and requires special consideration. We have evaluated the performance of four global forest products of 25–30 m spatial resolution within three flatland subregions of Ukraine that have different forest cover patterns. We have explored the relationship between tree cover extracted from the global forest change (GFC) and relative stocking density of forest stands and justified the use of a 40% tree cover threshold for mapping forest in flatland Ukraine. In contrast, the canopy cover threshold for the analogous product Landsat tree cover continuous fields (LTCCF) is found to be 25%. Analysis of the global forest products, including discrete forest masks Global PALSAR-2/PALSAR Forest/Non-Forest Map (JAXA FNF) and GlobeLand30, has revealed a major misclassification of forested areas under severe fragmentation patterns of landscapes. The study also examined the effectiveness of forest mapping over fragmented landscapes using dense time series of Landsat images. We collected 1548 scenes of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the period 2014–2016 and composited them into cloudless mosaics for the following four seasons: yearly, summer, autumn, and April–October. The classification of images was performed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) Application Programming Interface (API) using random forest (RF) classifier. As a result, 30 m spatial resolution forest mask for flatland of Ukraine was created. The user’s and producer’s accuracy were estimated to be 0.910 ± 0.015 and 0.880 ± 0.018, respectively. The total forest area for the flatland Ukraine is 9440.5 ± 239.4 thousand hectares, which is 3% higher than official data. In general, we conclude that the Landsat-derived forest mask performs well over fragmented landscapes if forest cover of the territory is higher than 10–15%.
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Fiorella, Kathryn, Eric Teplitz, Rodman Getchell und Grace E. Gonzalez. „61 A Multifaceted Approach to Improving Fish Farming in Kenya’s Lake Victoria Region“. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (April 2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.67.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This project adopts a multifaceted approach to improving aquaculture management practices in Kenya’s Lake Victoria region by identifying fish pathogens, measuring algal toxin levels in commonly consumed fish, surveying fish farming practices, and educating the public. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Limited existing data on the state of floating cage culture in Kenya influenced our decision to begin this portion of the project with a brief literature review of potential Nile tilapia pathogens. Databases were screened for mention of disease in either wild or caged Nile tilapia, with emphasis given to those in Lake Victoria. Results were compiled into a spreadsheet and analyzed for frequently occurring pathogens. The next portion involved creating an interview style survey to assess current cage culture management practices in the region. Editing was done to ensure questions remained unbiased, non-leading, culturally sensitive, multilingual and relevant to the situation. Data went through a quality control screening and analysis was conducted through the R programming language. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Beginning with mortality, of the 93 farms surveyed, data analysis revealed that there is a higher probability that farms will have a mortality of approximately 20%, over the course of a production cycle. For biosecurity and fish health practices, data shows that 97% of farms do not disinfect scooping nets or other fish handling materials when moving from one cage to another. During the 2022-2023 production cycle, 44% of farms experienced fish kills of over 50 fish. 73% of the 93 farms do not contact any organization when a fish kill occurs. In a qualitative answer, it also appears that many farm workers dispose of their dead fish within the lake, feed it to livestock or dogs, or eat it. Algae blooms have been experienced at 80% of the farms surveyed and 43% of farms say they have seen fish gasping at the surface for air. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: While farms are implementing good management practices in the areas of cage design, stocking, and feeding practices, there is room for improvement in fish health, biosecurity, and managing algal blooms. The findings provide insight into the areas that should be considered when taking action to improve the welfare of the region.
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Panjaitan, Cici Paramita, Iqbal Kamil Siregar und Santoso Santoso. „Metode Customer Relationship Management untuk Stokis Luxor Cabang Kisaran Berbasis Web“. J-Com (Journal of Computer) 1, Nr. 1 (26.03.2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/j-com.v1i1.1091.
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Abstract : Customer relationship management is a facility to strengthen relationship between companies and customers. CRM also establishes sales programs to build and manage close ties with customers so as not to move to other competitors. This thesis presents an increase in web-based CRM in Stockist Luxor Kisaran. Luxor Stockist is a business entity engaged in marketing herbal products, the system used is still with a manual system. The results of the fundamental method on the web obtained are managing customer data, product improvement, product sales, and consumer consultation facilities to respond to questions and suggestions from customers. This application uses the PHP and MYSQL programming language for the media to make it easier for customers to interact with the company. This application is expected to help companies strengthen the good word with customers in retaining customers and to get new customers. Keyword :Customer Relationship Management, Marketing, Services, PHP language and MYSQL database Abstrak : Manajemen hubungan pada pelanggan ialah suatu fasilitas guna mempererat jalinan baik perusahaan dan pelanggan. CRM juga membentuk program penjualan guna membangun serta mengatur ikatan yang erat pada pelanggan agar tidak berpindah ke pesaing lain. Skripsi ini menyajikan peningkatan CRM berbasis web di Stokis Luxor Kisaran. Stokis Luxor merupakan badan usaha yang bergerak dalan pemasaran produk herbal, sistem yang digunakan masih dengan sistem manual. Hasil metode mendasar pada web yang didapat adalah mengatur data konsumen, peningkatan produk, penjualan produk, dan fasilitas konsultasi konsumen guna menanggapi pertanyaan maupun saran dari pelanggan. Aplikasi ini memakai bahasa program PHP dan MYSQL untuk media agar memudahkan pelanggan untuk berinteraksi dengan perusahaan.. Aplikasi ini diharap dapat membantu perusahaan dalam mempererat ikataan baik dengan pelanggan dalam mempertahankan pelanggan dan untuk mendapatkan pelanggan baru.Kata Kunci:Customer Relationship Management,Pemasaran ,Pelayanan, bahasa PHP dan database MYSQL
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Domínguez‐May, Roger, Juan M. Hernández und Iván Velázquez‐Abunader. „A review of dynamic optimization in aquaculture production economics“. Reviews in Aquaculture, 06.05.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12918.
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AbstractDynamic optimization (DO) has been applied to aquaculture industry to determine optimal management strategies of aquaculture production systems. Optimal control of feeding, optimal stocking successions, and harvesting time among other factors has been studied. This work shows a review of the application of optimal control theory (OCT) and dynamic programming in economics and management of aquaculture. The Pontriagyn's maximum principle and the Bellman's optimality are the most commonly used mechanisms to solve control problems that optimize the producer's benefit or cost. Recently, model‐based predictive control has also been applied. Such tools have been used in aspects involving the design, planning, and monitoring of variables relevant to the optimal management of the culture system. It was found that in aquaculture there is low scientific productivity in the application of DO in bioeconomic models. In this review, an example of OCT applied to the control of feeding of farmed tilapia using a bioeconomic model is shown. DO represents a useful tool for optimal decision‐making and this review discusses the implications of the use of DO in aquaculture and recommendations for its use in the future.
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Mangan, Modou, und Maria Siwek. „Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production—A review“. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 27.12.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13916.
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AbstractThe effects of heat stress (HS) caused by high temperatures continue to be a global concern in poultry production. Poultry birds are homoeothermic, however, modern‐day chickens are highly susceptible to HS due to their inefficiency in dissipating heat from their body due to the lack of sweat glands. During HS, the heat load is higher than the chickens' ability to regulate it. This can disturb normal physiological functioning, affect metabolism and cause behavioural changes, respiratory alkalosis and immune dysregulation in birds. These adverse effects cause gut dysbiosis and, therefore, reduce nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. This consequently reduces production performances and causes economic losses. Several strategies have been explored to combat the effects of HS. These include environmentally controlled houses, provision of clean cold water, low stocking density, supplementation of appropriate feed additives, dual and restricted feeding regimes, early heat conditioning and genetic selection of poultry lines to produce heat‐resistant birds. Despite all these efforts, HS still remains a challenge in the poultry sector. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective strategies to address this long‐lasting problem. The most recent strategy to ameliorate HS in poultry is early perinatal programming using the in ovo technology. Such an approach seems particularly justified in broilers because chick embryo development (21 days) equals half of the chickens' posthatch lifespan (42 days). As such, this strategy is expected to be more efficient and cost‐effective to mitigate the effects of HS on poultry and improve the performance and health of birds. Therefore, this review discusses the impact of HS on poultry, the advantages and limitations of the different strategies. Finally recommend a promising strategy that could be efficient in ameliorating the adverse effects of HS in poultry.
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Akkaş, Arzum, und Dorothee Honhon. „Shipment Policies for Products with Fixed Shelf Lives: Impact on Profits and Waste“. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 18.11.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1018.
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Problem definition: Our research is motivated by the product expiration problem in consumer packaged goods retailing, which creates substantial landfill waste and drains firm profits. We analyze shipment policies (i.e., the rules to determine the quantity and age composition of inventory to ship from a warehouse to a retail location) and their impact on profits and waste. Academic/practical relevance: The same firm often bears the cost of expiration at the warehouse and the retail store, which is why the problem necessitates a supply chain perspective. The ship oldest first (SOF) policy (commonly referred to as first in, first out) is advocated by industry experts to manage product shelf lives. Although its optimality in a single location is well established in the literature, it has not been studied in the context of a two-stage supply chain. Methodology: We conduct empirical analysis on a real-life data set to motivate the relevance of our problem. Then, we formulate an infinite horizon dynamic programming problem with stochastic demand for which we obtain analytical and numerical results. Results: The SOF policy is found to always minimize waste at the warehouse and total waste (warehouse and retail level combined) and under certain practically unlikely conditions, to maximize profits. However, in most practical applications, it is suboptimal, and the optimal policy is shown to have a complex structure. We analyze deterministic and myopic versions of our problem in order to generate insights on the trade-off between the issuing cost and the expiration cost. Then, we develop heuristic policies based on the myopic analysis of the problem, which are shown to perform well in terms of profits, waste, and product freshness; in our numerical analysis, the best such heuristic yields a median optimality gap of 9.5% versus 21% for SOF, pantry life of 69% versus 56% for SOF, and retail waste of 4% versus 10% for SOF. Managerial implications: The SOF policy is shown to generate high waste at the retail store, where waste is more likely to be disposed of at landfills as opposed to being donated; therefore, it may have an adverse impact on the environment. Our results also show that it is not effective at managing shelf lives in the supply chain, contrary to what practitioners argue, as evidenced by poor pantry life leading to excessive waste at the household level. Our analysis also questions the value of flow-through stocking systems to facilitate SOF as we show that firms can gain much more from improving their issuing policies.