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Thematische Bibliographien / Steering Ratio / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Steering Ratio“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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1

Xu, Huang, Yan Dong Song, Zhi Xiong Lu und Miao Miao Zhao. „Transmission Ratio Research of Hydraulic Steering by-Wire System“. Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.455.

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To test the hydraulic steering by-wire system whether can achieve the ideal steering characteristics, firstly take experimental tests of the full hydraulic steering system, getting the transmission ratio curve. Then the simulation for the hydraulic steering by-wire system by MATLAB showed that simulation results combined with the test curve, the hydraulic steering by-wire system satisfy the requirement of vehicle working.

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2

Niu, Zi Ru, Gang Yan Li, Shun Zeng, Tian Li Yan, Si Yu Zhang und Wei Wang. „Research on the Variable Ratio Gear Modeling and Transmission Ratio Test Method of Rack and Pinion Variable Ratio Steering Gear“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 721 (Dezember 2014): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.157.

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A new modeling method for the variable ratio gear of the rack and pinion variable ratio steering gear was proposed in this paper. It was based on the characteristic that variable ratio gear pair meshing tooth profile surface are the envelope surface of each other and established a variable ratio gear three-dimensional model by simulating the gear machining process in CATIA and using Boolean subtraction operation. According to the related test standard of the variable ratio steering gear transmission ratio, a test bench was design and build, and the correctness of this modeling method was verified by comparing the designed variable ratio curve and the steering gear sample designed and processed by this method.

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3

Wu, Xiaodong, und Wenqi Li. „Variable steering ratio control of steer-by-wire vehicle to improve handling performance“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, Nr. 2-3 (08.05.2019): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019848174.

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To improve vehicle handling performance, a variable steering ratio characteristic for steer-by-wire system is designed. The steering ratio is adjusted by a compensating coefficient according to vehicle longitudinal speed and steering wheel angle. To evaluate the performance of vehicle with variable steering ratio, simulations are conducted based on an objective evaluation index, which consists of quadratic cost functions of vehicle lateral deviation, steering angular speed, vehicle lateral acceleration and roll angle. By using the optimized data from the simulation results, a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network is designed for the steering ratio control. In order to test and validate the proposed controller, a series of comparison experiments are conducted on a closed-loop driver-vehicle system, including lemniscate curve test and double lane-change test. The results demonstrate that compared with a conventional steering system with fixed steering ratio, the proposed system can not only improve steering agility at low speed and steering stability at high speed, but also reduce driver’s workload in critical driving conditions.

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4

SHIMIZU, Yasuo. „Development of VGS(Variable Gear-ratio Steering : "With the aim of ideal steering"“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2001.10 (2001): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2001.10.9.

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5

Huang, Junjie, und Benxian Xiao. „Variable steering ratio design and handling stability research for steer-by-wire forklift“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, Nr. 3 (März 2019): 168781401882289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018822898.

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For the TFC35 steer-by-wire forklift, a linear 3-degree-of-freedom forklift model is given, which provides a verification model for variable steering ratio design. The concept of ideal steering ratio is expounded. The variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant yaw rate gain and the variable steering ratio algorithm based on constant lateral acceleration gain are studied. A variable steering ratio algorithm based on two kinds of gain combination is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of the above three static variable steering ratio algorithms based on constant gain are simulated and analyzed. Aiming at complex working conditions, a dynamic variable steering ratio control scheme based on fuzzy neural network is proposed. The definition, implementation steps, and adjustment algorithms of each layer of fuzzy neural network are given. The final experiment results show that the dynamic variable steering ratio method based on fuzzy neural network is more resistant to the disturbance of its own parameters and can be used in complex dynamic conditions, which helps to improve the handling stability of the forklift.

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6

Niu, Zi Ru, Gang Yan Li, Jian Hu, Tian Li Yan, Si Yu Zhang und Jiang Jiang Tan. „Research on Structural Optimization Method of Rack and Pinion Steering Gear with Variable Ratio“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (Oktober 2014): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.98.

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Compared to the rack and pinion steering gear with constant ratio,the variable ratio rack and pinion of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio will cause changes in the force environment of the steering. It is necessary to analyze its structure and find the structural optimization method of the rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio. The overall model of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio was established by using CATIA, and the stress-strain and the deformation analysis of the overall structure was carried out by using ANSYS Workbench. The analysis results provide an important reference basis for the structural optimization method of rack and pinion steering gear with variable ratio.

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7

Xiang, Dan, Yong Bin Chi, Kai Qi Huang und Wei Xu. „Research on New Varying Gear Ratio System“. Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (Juli 2011): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.800.

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A new automotive varying gear ratio system(VGRS)is introduced in this paper. Based on the analysis of foreign advanced theory in this field, a relationship among road wheel angle, steering wheel angle and vehicle speed is derived in order to achieve the optimum steering control for cornering and emergency maneuvers, whilst retaining the high-speed stability.

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Fahami, Sheikh Muhammad Hafiz, Hairi Zamzuri, Saiful Amri Mazlan und Sarah Atifah Saruchi. „The Variable Steering Ratio for Vehicle Steer by Wire System Using Hyperbolic Tangent Method“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (Juni 2014): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.781.

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In conventional steering system, during the parking maneuver, driver required large turned on the steering wheel to move the fornt tyre. Thus, it will increase the driver burden when turned the steering wheel. The feature of variable steering ratio (VSR), help to reduce driver burden. Moreover, it improves the vehicle maneuver at lower and high speed. This paper, proposed a control algorithm of variable steering ratio (VSR) in vehicle SBW system. The concept of hyperbolic tangent is used where it not only improved the maneuverability at lower speed, but also reduces the driver burden on the steering wheel. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed VSR algorithm, the result is compared with conventional steering system

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9

NOMURA, Sachiyo, Hidehisa YOSHIDA und Masao NAGAI. „3207 Analysis of Driver's Steering Behavior by Changing the Relation between Steering Gear Ratio and Steering Torque“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2006.15 (2006): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2006.15.199.

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10

Alexandru, Petre, Dragoş Macaveiu und Cătălin Alexandru. „Design and simulation of a steering gearbox with variable transmission ratio“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, Nr. 10 (06.01.2012): 2538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211433984.

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This article presents the geometric and functional characteristics of a steering gearbox with variable transmission ratio, which contains a translating wheel (circular curved rack) in gearing with an eccentric sector (segment). The solution requires no special technology because it uses conventional involute gears, being obtained/derived from a classic gearbox with constant ratio by changing the gearing characteristics. The precision of the steering system and the reversibility of the gearing are not affected by these modifications, the driver having a good/safe control of the vehicle. This gearbox can be used for the steering systems of some low-power vehicles, assuring an increased actuating torque (less effort); in this way, the assistance (hydraulic power steering or electric power steering) can be avoided. The study is focused on the following objectives: formulating the theoretical bases, establishing the geometrical parameters, and simulating the functionality of the gearbox, based on the specific requirements of the vehicles’ steering system. Important conclusions have been drawn on the influence of some specific parameters in terms of insuring good gearing conditions, such as the variation of the distances between axes and the variation of the clearance between teeth.

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Qiao, Jun Wei, Jin Fa Xie und Zhen Wei Yang. „Research on an Electric Power Steering System with Active Steering Ability“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (Februar 2013): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.679.

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To introduce a new type of electric power steering system, the structure and working principle of the system were introduced, and the models of the car, the tire and the steering system were established. The assist characteristic of the power steering and the ideal steering ratio were also designed and optimized. At last, the simulation tests were carried out. The double planetary wheel mechanism is the most important component of the system. With this mechanism, the system synthesizes the force or motion from the steering wheel and the motor. So the power steering and a small steering ratio can be provided at a low speed, and the steering ratio can be changed initiatively at a medium or high speed. Whats more, the steering ability still exists when there is a fault in the system. The simulation results show this steering system can effectively improve the steering portability, low-speed sensitivity, and the vehicle handling stability.

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12

Zheng, Hong Yu, Bing Yu Wang und Chang Fu Zong. „Research on Variable Steering Ratio of Vehicle Steer-by-Wire System Based on Joystick“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (Juli 2013): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1037.

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In the steer by wire system of vehicle, a joystick can instead of the steering wheel. A control algorithm based on variable steering ratio is developed on the basis of vehicle speed and joystick steering angle. By verifying the control algorithm with the vehicle model from CarSim, it shows that this proposed algorithm can effective carry out steering intention of drivers, which enhance the steer comfort in low speed driving and steer handling in high speed driving and effectively improve the vehicle maneuverability.

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13

Tan, Yun Sheng, Huan Shen, Man Hong Huang und Si Ran Zhang. „Vehicle Active Rear Wheel Steering Control Based on a Variable Transmission Ratio Control Strategy“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 709 (Dezember 2014): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.709.267.

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In order to obtain the ideal steering performance, an active rear wheel steering (ARS) controller, based on the variable transmission ratio control strategy, is developed in this paper. ARS controller using sliding mode technique is designed to follow the desired yaw rate which is calculated by the ideal variable transmission ratio. Simulation result shows that, the proposed control strategy both obtains desired steering performance and provides the obvious benefits for the human driver.

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14

Wang, Guan Yi, Jing Shi, Gang Li und Liang Huang. „Study on Optimal Design of Ideal Steering Ratios Based on Genetic Algorithm“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (Mai 2014): 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1282.

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The design method of ideal steering ratio based on constant yaw rate gain is studied in this paper.The linear 2-DOF vehicle model is established.The open loop total variance is selected as the objective function and the yaw rate gain is optimized by genetic algorithm. Then the ideal steering ratio is calculated and improved. The results of the simulation test show that the ideal steering ratios control can improve the handling stability of the steering-by-wire vehicle better compared with the traditional vehicle .

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15

Whitehead, J. C. „Rear Wheel Steering Dynamics Compared to Front Steering“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, Nr. 1 (01.03.1990): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2894144.

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The lateral dynamics of rear wheel steering vehicles are examined using low order linear mathematical models. The response to rear steer angle inputs differs significantly from the front wheel steering response at low speeds. However, both the transient and steady state responses become less dependent on which wheels are steered as vehicle speed increases. This fact indicates that the unusual fixed control response does not alone cause rear wheel steering vehicles to be unsafe at high speeds. The free control instability unique to rear wheel steering vehicles is analyzed using a torque input model which treats steer angle as a degree of freedom. The cause of this unstable weave mode and the stable front wheel steering weave mode is a ratio of tire slip angle to steer angle in excess of unity during high speed cornering.

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16

Uchino, Daigo, Xiaojun Liu, Hideaki Kato und Takayoshi Narita. „Development of a driving assist system for ultra-compact electric vehicles using a steer-by-wire system: Fundamental consideration of muscle burden and evaluation by a continuous steering operation“. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, Nr. 1-4 (10.12.2020): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209427.

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Ultra-compact electric vehicles has excellent environmental performance and are extremely convenient for short-distance travel. However, owing to cabin space limitations, it is difficult to mount power steering. Therefore, there is a need to increase the gear ratio of the rack and pinion to change steering angle because such vehicles need light torque to steer. However, increasing the gear ratio requires more rotations of the steering wheel. Our research group focused on developing a steer-by-wire system (SBWS) that freely controls the steering torque. Although we evaluated the burden when a driver rotates the steering wheel in one direction in a previous study. This study assumed the actual steering operation in an SBWS. And then we evaluate muscle burden when a driver steers with continuous changing of the steering direction.

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17

Gu, Peng, Guo Biao Shi und Yi Lin. „Study on Mechanism of Active Front Steering Based on Harmonic Drive“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (Januar 2013): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.17.

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The steering ratio of vehicle can be changed by attaching a angle, Changing the steering gear ratio can improve the safety in high-speed and comfort in low-speed and the vehicle steering stability. The paper introduces an active front steering system (AFS) based on harmonic drive, the composition and working principle of the system are analyzed, and the kinematic analysis of the system is researched, finally, the self-control mechanism and integrated control mechanism with other stability system are studied.

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18

ENDO, Masaya, Kenji OGAWA und Masahiko Kurishige. „3105 Cooperative Control of Steering Gear Ratio and Electric Power Steering Based on Self-aligning Torque“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2005.14 (2005): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2005.14.191.

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19

Zhou, Fa Liang, Xiao Jun Xu und Hao Yue Zhang. „Design and Analysis of Steering Mechanism for Small Tracked Vehicle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (Dezember 2014): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.659.

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The steering mechanism of tracked vehicles is complicated and large, which is an obstacle for its miniaturization. According to the theory of rubber-belt CVTs, a new kind of steering mechanism for small Tracked vehicle is designed. The mechanism consists of two symmetrical-layout rubber-belt CVTs. A sliding part for steering is designed, which can slide axially to make the transmission ratio of one transmission increase while the other reduces, so that the tracked vehicle turns. The steering motion is calculated and its motion discipline is founded. The steering sensitivity and steering smoothness are analyzed, and its steering performance is evaluated.

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20

Han, Yandong, Lei He, Xiang Wang und Changfu Zong. „Research on Torque Ratio Based on the Steering Wheel Torque Characteristic for Steer-by-Wire System“. Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/929164.

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Steer-by-wire system can improve the performance of vehicle handling stability. Removing the mechanical linkages between the front wheels and the steering wheel leads to a key technique of force feedback for steer-by-wire system. In view of the characteristic of variable torque transmission ratio for steer-by-wire system, this paper proposes a method for designing torque ratio based on the steering wheel torque characteristic for steer-by-wire system. It converts the torque ratio design into equivalent assist torque design by analyzing their relationship. It achieves the torque ratio design at different conditions based on the negative equivalent assist torque characteristic curve. Simulations and vehicle experiments are conducted by the proposed method, and the results show that the design goal has been achieved and the steering wheel torque characteristic obtained is very similar to that of the reference car.

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21

Qiu, Hao, Zhengbao Lei und Ziming Qi. „Variable ratio control strategy for a rear wheel active steering“. International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 13, Nr. 4 (2014): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijista.2014.068829.

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22

TANIFUJI, Katsuya, und Ryoichi IMATA. „Curving Performance of Railway Steering Truck with Asymmetric Leverage Ratio.“ Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 66, Nr. 642 (2000): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.66.592.

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23

Zhu, Yong Qiang, Quan Shi Chen und Ping Xia Zhang. „The Analysis of Overtaking of Whole Wheel Steering In-Phase of Multi-Axle Vehicle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (Januar 2012): 1619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1619.

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With in-phase steering, there might be some change at the driving performance of multi-axle vehicle. A five-axle vehicle model has been built with ADAMS software, and the control strategy has been built with Simulink software. The driver steering and speed control model with variable ratio was built. The comparative overtaking simuliation of whole wheel steering and only first two-axle wheels steering was processed. With the simulation, it can be found that, in the same movement track cases, comparing to the only first two-axle steering now used in vehicles, with in-phase whole wheel steering, the angle of steering wheel became smaller, the centroid yaw-rate was reduced, and vehicle movement track was closer to target track. The manipulation performance of vehicle was improved, and the labor intensity of the driver.was reduced. This provides a certain amount of theoretical research for the multi-axle steering vehicle control.

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Liu, Xu Hui, Ying Hui Liu und Ding Feng. „Downhole Propulsion/Steering Mechanism for Wellbore Trajectory Control in Directional Drilling“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (Mai 2013): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.185.

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Advanced directional drilling, especially rotary steerable systems, provides directional control of wellbore while continuously rotating the drill bit. Downhole propulsion/steering mechanism is one of the key components in rotary closed-loop drilling system. Downhole steering/propulsion mechanisms currently used for directional control include adjustable stabilizer, steerable downhole motor and steering actuators used in state-of-the-art rotary steerable systems. The novel electro-mechanical propulsion and steering mechanisms are introduced, in order to produce downhole weight on bit (WOB) and directional control of the drill bit while rotating it as well. The mechanisms are based on high-reduction ratio planetary gear system and DC motor. This propulsion/steering mechanism introduces a unique rotary steering method with a manner of turning screw inside borehole. As a downhole propulsion/steering mechanism, it can be integrated with an existing MWD system to provide directional control and downhole propulsion force on drill bit.

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KANEDA, Naoki, und Makoto YOKOYAMA. „1412 Sliding mode control of a variable-gear-ratio steering system“. Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2012.49 (2012): 141201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2012.49.141201.

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26

Bendefy, András G., Attila Piros und Péter Horák. „Arbitrary vehicle steering characteristics with changing ratio rack and pinion transmission“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2015): 168781401561927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814015619279.

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27

Srivastava, Saurabh, Sachin Salunkhe, Sarang Pande und Bhavin Kapadiya. „Topology optimization of steering knuckle structure“. International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 11 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2019018.

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Steering knuckle connects steering system, suspension system and braking system to the chassis. The steering knuckle contributes a significant weight to the total weight of a vehicle. Increasing the efficiency of an automobile without compromising the performances is the major challenge faced by the manufacturers. This paper presents an effective topology optimization of steering knuckle used in a vehicle with the primary objective of minimizing weight. The study on optimization of knuckle is divided into two phases, the first phase involves making of a computer-aided design model of the original steering knuckle and carry out finite element analysis on the knuckle by estimating the loads, which are acting on the component. In the second phase, design optimization of the model of steering knuckle is carried out, and excess material is removed at the region where induced stress is negligible as obtained in finite element analysis assuming standard boundary and loading conditions. The paper describes a research work carried out to optimize structural topology giving the essential details. The methodology may be applied to optimize structural components used in applications where the ratio of desired properties to the cost, generally in terms of weight, is to be optimized. In the case of automobiles, strength to weight ratio has to be maximized. New researchers working in the area will have an understanding of the procedures, and further, the techniques may be applied to design in general.

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Serana Jaya, Gede, Kadek Rihendra Dantes und Kadek Rihendra Dantes. „ANALISA PEMBEBANAN STATIK PADA RANCANGAN STEERING KNUCKLE MOBIL LISTRIK GANESHA SAKTI (GASKI)“. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 6, Nr. 2 (31.08.2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjtm.v6i2.14704.

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Steering knuckle merupakan komponen yang penting dalam sebuah kendaraan roda empat yang berfungsi untuk menahan beban yang diberikan pada masing – masing roda depan, dan berfungsi juga sebagai poros putaran roda. Untuk itu, dilakukan analisis tegangan statik pada steering knuckle mobil listrik Ganesha Sakti (Gaski) dengan menggunakan software solidworks 2014 dengan perbandingan pembebanan berat tanpa pengendara dan ditambah berat pengendara. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi tegangan serta daerah kritis yang terjadi pada steering knuckle. Setelah proses analisis dilakukan, didapatkan tegangan von misses maximum untuk steering knuckle standar dengan ditambah berat pengendara sebesar 2,733 × 108 N/m2 dan steering knuckle modifikasi sebesar 2,383 × 108 N/m2. Factor keamanan Untuk steering knuckle dengan ditambah berat pengendara sebesar 0,914 dan steering knuckle modifikasi sebesar 1,049.Kata Kunci : analisa pembebanan statik, faktor keamanan solidwork 2014,Steering knuckle, tegangan von misses Steering knuckle is imfortant component in a four wheel vehicle in the function is’ to hold the load in every front wheel.Therefore, analyzis static voltage in steering knuckle electricity car Ganesha Sakti (Gaski) with using software solidwork 2014 with the ratio of heavy load without rider and added weight of rider. The aim of this research is to know distribution of the voltage and critical areas in steering knuckle happening. After analyzis process, obtained voltage von misses maximum for steering knuckle standard with plus weight of rider 2,733 × 108 N/m2 and for steering knuckle modification is 2,383 × 108 N/m2. Factor of safety for steering knuckle plus weight of rider 0,914 and steering knuckle modification is 1,049.keyword : static loading analysis, factor of safety, solidwork 2014, Steering knuckle, voltage von misses

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Wu, Yu Long, Cheng Qun Li und Xiao Lei Dong. „New Design of Reduction Device of Column Electric Power Steering System“. Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (Juni 2013): 2188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2188.

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EPS is the abbreviation of electric power steering system and reduction device is one of the key parts of the EPS. It determines whether the steering system works normally. This paper studies the deceleration mechanism of EPS and in accordance with its assistance characteristic, designs a new deceleration device that Cycloid steel ball planetary reducer, and gives the specific design and implementation of the program. Combined with steering portability needs, this paper gives the specific reduction ratio calculation and the deceleration mechanism design.

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30

Yin, Yuming, Subhash Rakheja, Jue Yang und Paul-Emile Boileau. „Effect of articulated frame steering on the transient yaw responses of the vehicle“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, Nr. 3 (16.06.2017): 384–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017702987.

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The directional performance characteristics of articulated frame steering vehicles are known to be strongly coupled with the kinematic characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of the steering system. The reported studies on articulated frame steering generally focus on the yaw divergence behaviour or the snaking tendency of the vehicle based on its free-yaw-oscillation response, while neglecting important contributions due to the kinematics and the dynamics of the steering system. This study characterizes both the free-yaw-oscillation response and the transient steering response of an articulated frame steering mining vehicle, considering the kinematics of the steering struts together with the dynamics of the flow volume-regulated steering valve and the actuating system. The validity of the analytical vehicle and steering system model is demonstrated using the measured data acquired for the vehicle. The free-oscillation behaviour of the articulated frame steering is characterized in terms of the yaw-mode natural frequency and the yaw damping ratio. The transient responses of the articulated frame steering are assessed in terms of the steering gain, the rate of articulation and the articulation overshoot. The effects of the variations in the various articulated frame steering parameters on the free response and the transient response are subsequently investigated and discussed so as to seek guidance for the design of the articulated frame steering system. It is shown that a higher bulk modulus of the hydraulic fluid and longer steering-arm lengths yield a higher yaw stiffness of the articulated frame steering system and thereby a higher frequency of the yaw oscillations. Higher leakage flows and higher viscous seal friction cause a higher yaw damping coefficient but decrease the steering gain and the articulation rate of the vehicle.

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Liu, Chang, Hong Yu Zheng und Chang Fu Zong. „Study on Control Strategy of Steer-by-Wire Vehicle with Joystick“. Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (Mai 2013): 2061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2061.

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This study aims the development of a control strategy of steer-by-wire automotive with joystick. This control strategy makes driver able to change or maintain the steering angle of road wheels of the vehicle by joystick, provides feedback force to the driver and offers variable steering ratio, variable force feedback and proper damping. The control strategy was mathematically modeled and implemented using the simulation tool Matlab/Simulink and tested to inspect its effectiveness. The result of the test proves the control strategy is effective and the performance of a joystick steering system can be comparable to a traditional steering wheel by applying this control strategy, indicating potential possibility of joystick-steered automotive.

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Yin, Yuming, Subhash Rakheja, Jue Yang und Paul-Emile Boileau. „Design optimization of an articulated frame steering system“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, Nr. 10 (11.11.2017): 1339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017729052.

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The articulated frame-steered vehicles (AFSV) exhibit enhanced maneuverability but reduced yaw stability and greater steering power consumption. Apart from kinematics of the steering system, the dynamics of the actuating system strongly influence the performance of the AFSV, which is generally neglected in the reported studies. In this study, a yaw-plane model of the articulated vehicle coupled with the kinematic and dynamics properties of the steering struts is formulated to identify objective measures of the AFSV under steering inputs. The results suggest that the vehicle yaw oscillation/stability, steering power efficiency and maneuverability can be objectively measured in terms of the strut length, yaw oscillation frequency and damping ratio, steering gain, and steering response rate and overshoot. The layout of steering struts and properties of the steering valve and hydraulic fluid are optimized while employing the weighted-sum method and a combination of pattern search and sequential quadratic programming algorithms. The relative weights of individual performance measures were obtained using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. The solutions of the optimization problem revealed more compact articulated frame steering (AFS) system design with over 20% reduction in strut length and 24% gain in the yaw oscillation frequency. Increasing the fluid bulk modulus resulted in more compact AFS layout and further increase in the yaw oscillation frequency with lower response overshoot. The optimal design based on weighted sum of various performance measures, however, revealed negligible changes in terms of the steering power efficiency.

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Khan, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Anab, Muhammad Kabir Khan, Saeed Ur Rahman und Aamir Sultan. „A Survey on Beam Steering Techniques in Printed Antennas“. International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 9, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v9i2.21691.

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<span>Beam steering antennas is essential part of various WCN (Wireless Communication Networks) such as radar and satellite communication. The increasing demand of high data rate, high SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and high gain, therefore pattern reconfigurable antennas are required to improve such properties. </span><span>Beam steering is the technique of changing the main lobe direction of radiation. The constructive and distractive interference are used to steer the lobe in specific direction. Beam steering is necessary in various communications such as localization, satellite, tracking system and airborne application.</span><span> Beam steering antenna decreases interference and power consumption and also increases directivity and gain. Beam steering antenna transmit and receive signals in specific direction. </span><span>Beam steering antenna decreases interference and power consumption and also increases directivity and gain. The researchers are interested to find optimal beam steering solution for single and multi-point application. </span><span>In past various techniques are used to achieve beam reconfigurable antennas. This paper presents, beam steering principle and their theory, beam steering techniques such as; Mechanical Steering, Beamforming, Switching Pin Diodes, Reflector and array antenna (Reflectarray), Parasitic Steering, Phase Shifters, Switched Beam Antennas, Metamaterial Antennas, Traveling Wave Antennas, Retro-directive Antennas, Integrated Lens Antennas (ILAS), merits and demerits and comparison among various techniques.</span>

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Zhang, Guang Pu, Ce Zheng und Wang Sheng Lin. „Steering Acoustic Intensity Estimator Using a Single Acoustic Vector Hydrophone“. Journal of Sensors 2018 (25.11.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8526092.

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Azimuth angle estimation using a single vector hydrophone is a well-known problem in underwater acoustics. In the presence of multiple sources, a conventional complex acoustic intensity estimator (CAIE) cannot distinguish the azimuth angle of each source. In this paper, we propose a steering acoustic intensity estimator (SAIE) for azimuth angle estimation in the presence of interference. The azimuth angle of the interference is known in advance from the global positioning system (GPS) and compass data. By constructing the steering acoustic energy fluxes in the x and y channels of the acoustic vector hydrophone, the azimuth angle of interest can be obtained when the steering azimuth angle is directed toward the interference. Simulation results show that the SAIE outperforms the CAIE and is insensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). A sea trial is presented that verifies the validity of the proposed method.

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Zhao, De Ying, Lian Dong Zhang und Li Na Sun. „Forming Mechanism of Folding Defect within Closed Die Forming Car Steering Knuckle“. Materials Science Forum 704-705 (Dezember 2011): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.240.

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Steering knuckle is the key part of vehicle steering system. The forming technology combined closed die pre-forging with open finish-forging has some advantages such as higher material utilization ratio and lower forming forces and so on. While simulating the closed die extrusion forming process of car steering knuckle, folding defect emerges on the contact area of Branch I and lower punch in the lateral extrusion process. The forming mechanism of the folding defect is studied by numerical simulations and experiments, which mainly consider the influence of lower punch shape and size, extrusion speed and friction conditions to folding length. The results show that the main factors that affect folding defects are the lower punch shape and size. Keywords: steering knuckle, folding defect, closed die forming, numerical simulation, experiment study

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CHI, Xun, und Makoto YOKOYAMA. „503 A steering system with variable gear ratio by sliding mode control“. Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2016.53 (2016): _503–1_—_503–5_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2016.53._503-1_.

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37

Kraaijeveld, Rob, Klaus Wolff und Theodor Vockrodt. „New test procedures for handling of vehicles with variable ratio steering systems“. ATZ worldwide 112, Nr. 11 (November 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225057.

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38

Chi, Yuan, Rongrong Zhang, Hongtao Wang und Dandan Shi. „Performance on steering power ratio of tracked vehicles influenced by soil parameters“. MATEC Web of Conferences 31 (2015): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20153102002.

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39

YOKOYAMA, Syo, und Makoto YOKOYAMA. „D05 Control of a variable-gear-ratio steering system via disturbance observer“. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2013.13 (2013): _D05–1_—_D05–10_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2013.13._d05-1_.

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40

Skurikhin, V., K. Soroka und I. Aharkov. „Mathematical modeling of the electric power steering system of a vehicle with a worm drive“. Lighting engineering and power engineering 3, Nr. 59 (27.11.2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-3-59-101-107.

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The complexity and variety of requirements imposed on modern cars have led to a variety of designs of steering amplifiers, which are based on various physical phenomena and patterns (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, etc.). Despite the difference in design and operating principles, steering amplifiers of domestic and foreign production are based on a large number of complex components and parts, which reduces their reliability. In addition, due to the constant impact of amplifiers on the controlled wheels, the driver does not feel changes in the behavior of the car on the road when disturbing influences occur, which reduces traffic safety and can lead to an accident. Therefore, increasing the sensitivity of the steering wheel to adverse factors acting on the wheels of the car while driving is one of the important tasks of improving power steering system. Introduction of electric power steering systems for cargo and passenger vehicles with a load capacity of up to 20 tons. this is a very urgent problem. In contrast to power steering system, which is still used in the control systems of high-tonnage vehicles, electric power is much simpler in design, does not require much time and costs for operation and repair. Electric power steering system with worm drive, which has a gear ratio significantly higher than those used in passenger cars, is considered. For this purpose, the formula for calculating the active moment of resistance due to the angle of transverse inclination of the pin and the corresponding system of differential equations characterizing the electric power steering system with worm drive are derived. Based on this, a functional diagram of the electric power steering control system has been developed, which is unified for worm drive steering systems and can serve as a base for modeling the steering system of cargo and passenger vehicles.

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SAKAI, Katsuhiro, Atsuhiko YONEDA und Yasuo SHIMIZU. „A Theoretical Study on Variable Gear-ratio Characteristics of EPS (Electric Power Steering) applied Cables to Connect Steering Wheel and Gearbox“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2002.11 (2002): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2002.11.357.

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42

Jin, Liqiang, Duanyang Tian, Qixiang Zhang und Jingjian Wang. „Optimal Torque Distribution Control of Multi-Axle Electric Vehicles with In-wheel Motors Based on DDPG Algorithm“. Energies 13, Nr. 6 (13.03.2020): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061331.

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In order to effectively reduce the energy consumption of the vehicle, an optimal torque distribution control for multi-axle electric vehicles (EVs) with in-wheel motors is proposed. By analyzing the steering dynamics, the formulas of additional steering resistance are given. Aiming at the multidimensional continuous system that cannot be solved by traditional optimization methods, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm for deep reinforcement learning is adopted. Each wheel speed and deflection angle are selected as the state, the distribution ratio of drive torque is the optimized action and the state of charge (SOC) is the reward. After completing a large number of training for vehicle model, the algorithm is verified under conventional steering and extreme steering conditions. The maximum SOC decline of the vehicle can be reduced by about 5% under conventional steering conditions based on the motor efficiency mapused. The combination of artificial intelligence technology and actual situation provides an innovative solution to the optimization problem of the multidimensional state input and the continuous action output related to vehicles or similar complex systems.

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Sterthoff, Jan, Roman Henze und Ferit Küçükay. „Vehicle handling improvements through Steer-by-Wire“. Automotive and Engine Technology 6, Nr. 1-2 (06.04.2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-021-00079-0.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on handling improvements enabled through Steer-by-Wire systems, which have increasingly become subject of R&D, as they not only offer the potential for improving vehicle handling but also have many advantages in combination with automated driving. Handling improvements through a steering ratio depending on vehicle speed, as well as steering-wheel angle, are known from Active Front Steering systems. A new overall concept is proposed, that also takes into account lateral and longitudinal acceleration as well as steering rate, which are all available signals in a production car. The overall concept is designed in an optimization process to modify a range of established characteristic parameters known from open-loop maneuvers and the objective evaluation of vehicle handling. In this context, validated models for a vehicle and a Steer-by-Wire system are used to obtain reliable results in simulation. Possibilities for tuning the non-linear steering behavior as well as improvements in the dynamic behavior, especially in yaw damping and response time, are demonstrated.

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Zhai, Shumin, Johnny Accot und Rogier Woltjer. „Human Action Laws in Electronic Virtual Worlds: An Empirical Study of Path Steering Performance in VR“. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 13, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1054746041382393.

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This paper is concerned with simple human performance “laws of action” for three classes of tasks—pointing, crossing, and steering, as well as their applications in Virtual Reality research. In comparison to Fitts' law of pointing, the “law of steering”— the quantitative relationship between human temporal performance and the movement path's spatial characteristics—has been notably under investigated. After a review of research on the law of steering in different domains and time periods, we examine the applicability of the law of steering in a VR locomotion task. Participants drove a virtual vehicle in a virtual environment on paths whose shape and width were systematically manipulated. Results showed that the law of steering indeed applies to locomotion in Virtual Environments. Participants' mean trial completion times linearly correlated (r2 between 0.985 and 0.999) with an index of difficulty quantified as path length to width ratio for the straight and circular paths used in this experiment. On average both the mean and the maximum speeds of the participants were linearly proportional to path width. Such human performance regularity provides a quantitative tool for 3D human-machine interface design and evaluation. We also propose to use the law-of-steering model in Virtual Reality manipulation tasks such as the “ring and wire” task in the future.

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Geng, Shu Fang, Qing Feng Peng und Li Fang Wang. „The Research of Steer by Wire System Based on Fuzzy Logic Control“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (Mai 2011): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.780.

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This paper describes SBW system structure and principle, for different vehicle speed inputs and steering wheel angle step inputs, the simulation model run in Simulink, and obtain yaw rate response characteristics, so the steering system control requirements is proposed, establishes fuzzy logic control system. This control strategy can improve vehicle’s stability and fast respond characteristics. Simulations are carried out to gain a series of transmission ratio curves, show the validity of the proposed fuzzy logic control method.

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Li, Hai Bin, und Peng Ji. „Analysis on Vehicle On-Center Performance“. Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (Februar 2012): 1302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1302.

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On-center handling performance for high speed vehicle is becoming more and more concerned. Road feel is the most indexes to evaluate the on-center handling performance. Steering system is the key part of the whole vehicle to affect the performance, which include much nonlinearity: steer ratio, dry friction and stiffness etc. In this paper, steering system model is set up by ADAMS, and embed into the whole vehicle model to study the effects of these nonlinearities on on-center handling performance.

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최주용. „Yaw Stability Control of a Vehicle by Gear Ratio Change and Active Steering“. Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 15, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.15.3.201306.325.

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48

Ruiz Rodon, Josep, A. Broquetas, J. M. Gonzalez Arbesu, J. Closa und M. Labriola. „Signal-to-Noise Ratio Equalization for TOPSAR Mode Using a Nonuniform Steering Rate“. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 9, Nr. 2 (März 2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2162578.

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SUZUKI, Rie, Hitoshi SOMA, Osamu SHIMOYAMA, Manabu ABE und Tsuyosi SAKUMA. „3108 Effect of Information about Change of Steering Gear Ratio on Driver Behavior“. Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2007.16 (2007): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2007.16.275.

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50

Hao, Yu, Nan Zou und Guolong Liang. „Robust Capon Beamforming against Steering Vector Error Dominated by Large Direction-of-Arrival Mismatch for Passive Sonar“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, Nr. 3 (26.03.2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7030080.

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Capon beamforming is often applied in passive sonar to improve the detectability of weak underwater targets. However, we often have no accurate prior information of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the target in the practical applications of passive sonar. In this case, Capon beamformer will suffer from performance degradation due to the steering vector error dominated by large DOA mismatch. To solve this, a new robust Capon beamforming approach is proposed. The essence of the proposed method is to decompose the actual steering vector into two components by oblique projection onto a subspace and then estimate the actual steering vector in two steps. First, we estimate the oblique projection steering vector within the subspace by maximizing the output power while controlling the power from the sidelobe region. Subsequently, we search for the actual steering vector within the neighborhood of the estimated oblique projection steering vector by maximizing the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Semidefinite relaxation and Charnes-Cooper transformation are utilized to derive convex formulations of the estimation problems, and the optimal solutions are obtained by the rank-one decomposition theorem. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can provide superior performance, as compared with several previously proposed robust Capon beamformers in the presence of large DOA mismatch and other array imperfections.

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