Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Steel-to-wood connections“

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Steel-to-wood connections"

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Fonseca, Elza MM, Lino Silva und Pedro AS Leite. „Numerical model to predict the effect of wood density in wood–steel–wood connections with and without passive protection under fire“. Journal of Fire Sciences 38, Nr. 2 (März 2020): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119884706.

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The main objective of this work is to present a numerical model to predict the effect of wood density in unprotected wood connections with an internal steel plate (wood–steel–wood), when comparing with the same connections using passive protection with gypsum plasterboard, submitted to fire conditions. Wood–steel–wood connections are made of four wood members, two on each side, with an internal steel plate that connects the pieces using steel dowel fasteners. First, analytical methodologies according to Eurocode 5 part 1-1 were used to design the connections at room temperature. After that, to predict the fire exposure and the connection ability, a numerical model was performed which permits to compare the fire resistance in wood–steel–wood connections without and with passive protection following the Eurocode 5 part 1-2. Results of the temperature and the wood char layer depth were compared using three different wood densities. The evolution of the charring rate was calculated in different locations of the connections and compared with the analytical value proposed by the Eurocode 5 part 1-2.
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Mohammad, M., und J. HP Quenneville. „Bolted wood–steel and wood–steel–wood connections: verification of a new design approach“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, Nr. 2 (01.04.2001): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-105.

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This paper covers the verification tests carried out at the Royal Military College of Canada on wood–steel–wood and wood–steel bolted connections. Thirty groups of specimens were tested. Specimen configurations were selected in such a way to include fundamental brittle and ductile failure mode cases. Comparisons between experimental results and predictions from proposed equations developed from steel–wood–steel bolted connections are given. Proposed design equations were found to provide better predictions of the ultimate loads than current CSA Standard O86.1 design procedures especially for bearing. However, row shear-out predictions seem to overestimate the strength. An adjustment using the reduced (effective) thickness concept is therefore proposed. Experimental observations on specimens that failed in row shear-out indicated that shear failure occurred over a reduced thickness. Stress analysis confirms findings on the reduced thickness. The research program is described in this paper along with the results and the proposed design equations for wood–steel–wood and wood–steel bolted connections loaded parallel-to-grain.Key words: wood–steel–wood, wood–steel, bolt, connection, strength, failure, design, thickness.
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Zhou, Jun Wen, Dong Sheng Huang, Wen Hu Li, Ai Hua Liu und Wei Cheng Shi. „Failure Modes of Bolted Steel-Wood-Steel Connections Loaded Parallel-to-Grain“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (Dezember 2012): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.652.

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Bolted steel-wood-steel connection is an important fashion of connections in timber structure, the manners of failure loaded parallel-to-grain include bearing, row shear-out, group tear-out and splitting, and the brittle failure modes are predominant in some tested results of bolted connections specimens. End distance, bolt spacing, row spacing and the thickness of wood have important influence on the failure modes, and meanwhile, the bolt diameter can not be neglected. Based on the different failure fashion, the equations of strength were given.
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Quenneville, J. HP, und M. Mohammad. „Design method for bolted connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, Nr. 6 (01.12.2001): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-059.

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A new design approach to evaluate the resistance of bolted timber connections loaded perpendicular-to-grain is presented in this paper. The design method consists of calculating the resistances of the ductile failure modes, based on the original European yield model, and that of the splitting mode, and of using the smallest of the two. The splitting calculations are adapted from the wood resistance calculation for timber rivet connections. The new design method is based on the assumption that the bolted connection is forming a cluster considered to be equivalent in dimension to a cluster of timber rivets. The rivet design equations were modified to reflect the fact that bolts extend to the full thickness of the wood members, whereas rivets do not. In this paper, the research program is described, results are presented and the alternative design approach is proposed to predict the failure modes and the ultimate strengths of steel–wood–steel, wood–wood–wood, and wood–steel–wood bolted connections.Key words: connections, strength, design, bolt, connection, prediction, failure, perpendicular-to-grain.
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Quenneville, J. HP, und M. Mohammad. „On the failure modes and strength of steel-wood-steel bolted timber connections loaded parallel-to-grain“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, Nr. 4 (01.08.2000): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-020.

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The current Canadian code provisions for the design of timber bolted connections were essentially developed based on connections showing a ductile behavior and then further modified to account for situations where connections fail in a brittle way. An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the strength of bolted connections specifically experiencing a brittle mode of failure. Specimens consisting of steel-wood-steel connections with either 19.1 mm or 12.7 mm bolts were tested in tension. Test variables included end distance, bolt spacing, row spacing, number of bolts per row, number of rows, thickness and species of wood member, glulam or sawn lumber members. Connections were tested to the ultimate to observe possible modes of failure as variables were changed. Results show that the current Canadian standard approach to evaluate the resistance of timber bolted connections is not optimal although conservative. Brittle modes of failure such as row shear-out, group tear-out, and splitting were observed. The resistances calculated using the O86.1 design provisions are as little as a third as compared to tested results. Also, the design equations do not allow the designer to take advantage of the increases in strength as a result of increases in row spacing, as observed in tests. Analysis of the results show that the longitudinal shear stress at failure is related to a parameter which is a function of the smaller distance (end distance or bolt spacing) and the specimen thickness. This relation was used to formulate design equations to predict the row shear-out and group tear-out strengths of glulam specimens using the specified strength values listed in O86.1. As well, it was found that Mode I of the European yield model is the only ductile ultimate failure mode and that other equations for bearing failure can be neglected. In this paper, the research program is described, results are presented, and an alternate design approach is proposed to predict the failure mode and the ultimate strength of steel-wood-steel bolted connection groups.Key words: bolt, connection, strength, failure, design, code, ductile, brittle.
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Peng, Lei, George Hadjisophocleous, Jim Mehaffey und Mohammad Mohammad. „Erratum to: Predicting the Fire Resistance of Wood–Steel–Wood Timber Connections“. Fire Technology 50, Nr. 4 (29.12.2009): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0135-3.

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Ma, Yu Rong, Xiao Bin Song, Tian Qi Xu und Lie Luo. „Rotational Behavior of Bolted Glulam Beam-to-Column Connections Reinforced with Section Steel“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.15.

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Bolted connections with slotted-in steel plates are commonly used to connect beams and columns in heavy timber structures. While due to the low tensile strength of wood in the perpendicular-to-grain direction, these connections are usually not able to present satisfying rotational performance. In order to solve this problem, a relatively new type of bolted connection, reinforced with section steel, was designed and tested in this paper. Two groups of total six specimens were tested under monotonic loading to investigate their rotational behavior. Tests showed that the brittle failure mode of wood splitting in the perpendicular-to-grain direction was fully restrained. Only slight cracks were observed in most specimens, except one that underwent bending failure in the beam member. Test results indicated an average increase of 78.7% in moment resistance and a 54.8% increase in ductility ratio for middle-storey connections, compared with conventional connections simply using slotted-in steel plates. Top-storey connections, without previous test results as comparison, also presented high moment-bearing capacity and reliable deformability. As a result, such connection may receive a broad application, especially in multi-storey heavy timber structures.
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Hansen, Klavs Feilberg. „Mechanical properties of self-tapping screws and nails in wood“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, Nr. 5 (01.10.2002): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-059.

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This paper presents results of a research programme investigating the mechanical properties of self-tapping screws and nails in wood. The programme consisted of deformation-controlled tests to determine embedment strength, withdrawal strength, pull-through strength, bending capacity of individual screws, shear strength of screwed and nailed wood–wood connections, and shear strength of screwed wood–steel connections. All test specimens showed ductile behaviour. Based on the results from the first four types of tests, a simple calculation model for the shear strength of screwed wood–wood and wood–steel connections was set up and compared with test results from the last two types of tests. The calculation model took dowel action and friction (wood–wood and wood–steel) into account and showed excellent agreement with the test results.Key words: connections, screws, nails, shear strength, embedment strength, withdrawal strength, pull-through strength.
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Bulleit, William M. „Reliability of Steel Doweled Wood Connections Designed to ASCE 16-95“. Journal of Structural Engineering 132, Nr. 3 (März 2006): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:3(441).

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Huang, Haoyu, Wen-Shao Chang und Ke Chen. „Study of SMA-dowelled timber connection reinforced by densified veneer wood under cyclic loading“. MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501015.

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This study explores the dynamic behaviours of shape memory alloy (SMA)-dowelled timber connection with densified veneer wood (DVW) reinforcement, so as to provide resilience to the timber structure. The performance of the SMA bar under cyclic bending is firstly studied, and it is found that it has superior self-centring effect and large ductility compared with that of the steel. By testing the SMA-dowelled timber connections and the conventional steel-dowelled timber connections under cyclic loading at various displacement levels, it is shown that SMA can provide better self-centring effect and larger ductility to the connection. The DVW reinforcement can enhance the self-centring and improve the strength. However, the energy dissipation capacity of the SMA-dowelled timber connection is lower than that of the steel-dowelled connection because of the smaller hysteresis area of the SMA. In the further study, the effect of the temperature control on SMA should be investigated to improve the damping capacity of the SMA-dowelled timber connection.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Steel-to-wood connections"

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Gustafsson, Johan, und Jakob Myhrberg. „Expansion Joints in timber bridges : Mechanical behavior under external loading“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105321.

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To design a bridge, different typologies of construction materials can be used. All materials have in common that deformations occur due to different events, such as externalloading, temperature- and moisture variations. To allow these kinds of deformations,Expansion Joints (EJs) are used in the structure. In timber bridges, these joints haveturned out to be a complex construction detail, due to problems related to their strengthand moisture capacity. The purpose of this thesis is to overview design codes and tostudy the mechanical behavior of Nosing EJs in a roadway timber bridge under externalloading. The aim is to identify critical actions and provide an alternative design of thestudied EJ. The aim is also to create a Finite Element (FE) model of the EJs and carryout calculations according to the design codes. To achieve this, literature studies, designcalculations and FE-simulations were performed. It turned out that there were lack ofearlier studies within this field. Therefore, studies which treats EJs in bridges with othermaterial than timber were considered. The results from the simulations indicated thatthe steel components in EJs are the most exposed parts in the detail. It also turned outthat an eventual failure can transferred away from the screws to the parts consideredmore favorable in the EJ.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Steel-to-wood connections"

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Vliet, Kasey, Peter Von Buelow und Steven Y. Mankouche. „Limb: Rethinking Heavy Timber Joinery Through Analysis of Tree Crotches“. In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.21.

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LIMB reconsiders historic heavy timber construction across cultures to develop new joinery methods by focusing on the natural occurrence of branch bifurcation in different wood species. Because of its low value, often the crotch of a tree is not harvested for commercial purposes. This project uses this vital element to design connections that replace traditional mortise and tenon or steel connections.
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„Bending Properties for a Steel Reinforced Plastic-to-Wood Column Connection“. In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162460772.

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Smyth, Robert J., und Derek K. Spitzmacher. „Case History of Repairing Cracking in the Seam Welds of 1950 Vintage Pipe Using the Steel Compression Reinforcement Technology“. In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27079.

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Platte Pipeline operates a 1500 km NPS 20” (508 mm) crude oil pipeline connecting Casper, Wyoming to Wood River, Illinois USA. The pipeline was constructed in the early 1950’s with low frequency electric resistance welded (ERW) and flash welded (FW) pipe. The Steel Compression Reinforcement Technology (PetroSleeve) was used to repair active ERW and FW seam cracking detected by an in-line inspection tool. All repairs were performed while the pipeline was in operation. Prior to undertaking the field rehabilitation program, engineering analysis and severe testing was performed to confirm that the steel compression reinforcement technology would arrest fatigue crack extension. Two significant defects were manufactured in the long seam of separate sections of 1950’s vintage line pipe that had been removed from service. The defects included a 50% through-wall manufactured crack and a 70% through-wall electrically discharged machined semi-elliptical slot anomaly. Compression sleeves were installed over both defects, and cycled 36,500 times with internal pressures ranging from 700 kPa to 8000 kPa. Following the cyclic pressuring, the crack and corrosion anomalies were metallurgically inspected. No crack extension or crack development was observed nor detected. At the conclusion of the engineering testing and analysis, it was accepted that the technology permanently restored the serviceability of the pipe by reducing stress levels and preventing crack growth. Platte Pipeline saved significant dollars by using this technology. The time and expenses associated with nitrogen purges and pipe cutouts were avoided. Also, Platte was able to maintain crude oil deliveries at near normal levels throughout the repair program. This paper reviews the engineering analysis, cyclic testing, and field installation practices associated with the Platte rehabilitation program.
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