Dissertationen zum Thema „Statut social – Aspect économique“
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Ruggiu, Louis Emmanuel. „Le statut fiscal et social du sportif“. Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSanou, Issa. „Inégalités de richesse, prestations sociales et politiques environnementales en présence du statut social“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first chapter shows that conformism leads to a reduction in wealth inequalities, and even to a catch-up, when an initially rich household works less than an initially poor household ; and that the additional income acquired by the initially poor household, by working more, corresponds, more precisely, to the wealth surplus initially held by the rich household. The second chapter shows that the negative effects of social benefits on labor supply are mitigated by status-seeking behavior. Finally, chapter 3 shows that any environmental policy, consisting of taxing polluting goods and using the revenues from this taxation to subsidize the consumption of non-polluting goods, leads to an increase in both employment and environmental quality. However, when polluting goods and non-polluting goods are not perfect substitutes, the increase in purchasing power resulting from subsidies may lead to an increase in the consumption of polluting goods
Al, Kalali Abdulkarim. „Statut, rôle et image de la langue française au Yemen“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with status, role and image of French language in Yemen. It is divided into four parts. The first one contains three chapters of which the first gives glimpses of geographical, politico-historical and socio-economical situations of Yemen. The second displays sociolinguistic background and the third tackles the educational situation in Yemen. The second part, which is also composed of three chapters, revolves around the status and the role of French language in Yemen. So, the the first chapter deals with linguistic policy of Yemen towards foreign languages. The second chapter presents the pedagogical status of French language in Yemen. In other words, its historical record in this country and the linguistic policy of the latter in relation to French as a foreign language. The third chapter deals with the development of teaching and learning french in yemen taking into consideration the political, economical and cultural factors which contribute to this matter. The third part discusses the image of french language in Yemen. It has two chapters: the first one talks about positions and public opinions towards foreign languages, such as criteria of choosing between f. L. And being aware of the particularity of the english language. The second chapter tackles the social position of the French language in Yemen by means of an analytic approach of its image in that country. The fourth part (the last one) presents an analysis of the corpus (interviews and questionnaire) of which advantage has been taken for dealing with the theme of the thesis. Finally, the linguistic, economic, socio-cultural and political aspects mentioned in this study bring altogether the elements of an answer to the questions aroused concerning the future of French as a foreign language in Yemen
Ithurbide, Philippe. „Le statut économique de l'or“. Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to precise the actual status of gold. It emphasizes the specificities of this metal. And particularly concerning its com@onents : the first one is purely "real" as the other one is clearly financial and speculative (1st part). To determine this latter, we have analysed the gold market: official reserves, speculative runs (rational bubbles), degree of connexion of the french market to the international one,. . . . The financial component justifies the proposals of return to gold in the i. M. S. These latters are precised (2nd part) and rejected as follows: i)to refer to history is not a good argument to advocate gold standard. Ii) secondly, for the quotation of gold, we have to avoid the dollar which is not the "reference currency"; iii) a return to gold is not necessarily a "gift" top producers: the futures market prevents any manipulation of prices; moreover, the convenience yield is equal to zero in the gold market due to existence of important stocks compared to the annual production. The general conclusion emphasizes the paradoxes of gold and its stakes
Uzoh-Baba, Betty. „Socio-anthropologie de la polygynie au Ghana : le cas du pays Dagomba“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur study is a multidisciplinary approach to polygyny, by the case study of the Dagombas, of the Northern part of Ghana, in which majority of them are Muslims and uneducated. The introduction presents our epistemological position and our methodological options. We have classified our thesis in three parts. In the first part, we explore an anthropological approach based on the field research. The hypothesis correlated the practice of polygyny with illiteracy, wealth, morals, and values as factors related to forceful marriages. Finally, we evaluated the evolution of polygyny social changes in a contemporary society. In the second part, we successively elaborated: the changes in marriage, and matrimonial status, etc The outcome of polygyny and the role of the educational system are highlighted. Accessing the educational level of women, living in polygyny or the Socio- Professional conditions determines the institutional stakes emerging from this matrimonial practice. In the third part, we found out the socio-cultural and economic changes and their consequences on polygyniques practices in Ghana. We analyze, our samples given the perceptions and representations of polygyny by urban dwellers the variable ranging from the age group determined their commitment to religion and tradition. Deducing from this observation, we are investigating on the perspectives of this matrimonial status in the society, their emancipation and socio-economic development of women and the impact of woman in time and space
Schuft, Laura. „Couples "métropolitain"-"polynésien" à Tahiti : enjeux de l'ethnicité, du genre et du statut socioéconomique dans un contexte postcolonial“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537762.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaullimmel, Matthieu. „L'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs. Séquence et développement dans le cas de la Chine contemporaine“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration
Mazureau-Pajot, Laurence. „Analyse économique de l'isolement“. Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe isolation of people comprises both deeply demographic and long term changes, the economic and social significance of which has only been perceived for one decade. This phenomenon is not a specific French problem because most of the developed countries are experiencing the same developments, albeit with différences according to age groups. The objective of this work is threefold. First of all, we airn to redefine the contexts surrounding the situations involving isolation by taking into account the dynamics of contemporary social changes. Secondly, we will endeavor to présent the éléments of microeconomic theory likely to describe this phenomenon. Finally, we will attempt to provide an empirical explanation and to interpret the population growth of isolated people
Louizi, Khalid. „Analyse économique de l'entrepreneuriat social“. Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGagné, Annabelle. „La migration et le développement dans une municipalité maya du Yucatán : Des possibilités envisageables, une accessibilité relative“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30247/30247.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is about the effects of economic globalization on a highly marginalized rural population. More specifically, it examines the relations between development and migration in a municipality of Southern Yucatan, in Mexico. The author tries to reveal what fosters or hinders people to participate in development projects and to migrate toward national destinations or to another country. Gender, ethnicity – more specifically language capabilities –, and socioeconomic status are important elements for understanding participation in those activities. The most excluded women, targeted by development agencies, seem to be unable to take part in the projects and they migrate with more difficulties. Ethnicity also plays an important role. In the community of Chacsinkín, almost everyone speaks the maya language, but Spanish as a second language is a facilitating factor for participation in development projects and migration. Finally, participation in development projects and migration is influenced by socioeconomic status and are easier for those who are included in the most powerful political and economic networks.
Yu, Tuotuo. „Trois essais sur l'impact social et institutionnel de la mondialisation“. Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobalization bas profoundly changed the fate of many societies, and its influence goes far beyond the economic sphere. In this thesis, I analyze the impact of globalization on human health and environment, and try to understand the implications for policy makers. More precisely, I look to answer the following questions: what challenges does globalization pose to the management of health and environment? How should public authorities react to them? Does globalization also bring opportunities to improve the state of health and environment for developing countries? How could the latter seize these opportunities in today's framework of international economics and politics? To sum up, I find that globalization brings both challenges and opportunities to the management of health and environment. Although the international mobility of people makes disease control more difficult from a single country's point of view, a well-coordinated international campaign can reduce each country's costs and facilitate a global eradication. Although trade liberalization can cause the pollution haven effect and exacerbate the environmental inequality between different countries, environmental trade barriers tend to create a level playing field and make up for the weak regulations in developing countries like China. For the developing countries, it is very important to put these opportunities to the service of their social and economic development. To achieve this end, they should first face the challenges of globalization with a more positive attitude: adapting to them, not resisting them
Pham, Thi Kim Cuong. „La croissance économique sous l'hypothèse d'utilité relative“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/PHAM_Thi_Kim_Cuong_2004.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relative utility hypothesis postulate that individuals have a preference for social status, which means that an individual's utility function depends in part on her relative position in the economy in terms of material prosperity. This way to define social status is based on an objective measure different to subjective measures such as individual's personality, her actions, or her social commitment. This dissertation aims to contribute empirically and theoretically to the relative hypothesis literature. On the empirical side, this dissertation examines the relative utility hypothesis against the absolute utility hypothesis using the households database drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Estimation results indicate that the data are consistent with the relativity hypothesis. More precisely, the individual's utility depends positively on her income and negatively on a reference level of income, which is defined as the Land-average income. On the theoretical side, I study implications of status seeking on: (i) the relation between growth and wealth distribution, and the relation between growth and welfare (ii) the relation between growth and public policy in terms of provision of public capital and protection of the environment. The results underline the role of status seeking in explaining the wealth distribution and the relation between wealth distribution and growth. I also show that the relation between growth and welfare is not increasing and monotonous as in the case without status effects. This finding corroborates the idea that the relative utility hypothesis provides an explanation of the non-positive correlation, observed in empirical studies, between the aggregated average welfare and income per capita. In addition, my results suggest that social competition for improving the social status may be used to explain the trade-off between economic policy and environmental policy, the disparity of the government size in the economy, and the disparity of the growth rate between identical economies
Longuépée, Daniel. „Théorie des droits de propriété, aliénabilité et ordre social“. Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeim, Arthur. „Social investment and the changing face of poverty : essays on the design and evaluation of family and social policies in France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis explores early childcare and activation policies, fundamental within the social investment paradigm, through two large field experiments in France, supported by the National Family Allowance Fund.In the first chapter, with Julien Combe, we consider access to daycare as a matching problem. We propose market design models to define assignment mechanisms and analyse the consequences of design choices in a field experiment. The problem is akin to school choice, but specific constraints affect the definition and scope of stable matchings. Our algorithms provide Student Optimal Fair Assignments (SOFA) in different versions of the problem. Our analysis focuses on the Matthew effect, demonstrating how design and policy choices influence it. Our tools promote fairness and transparency in assignment processes.Chapters 2 and 3 analyse data from an intensive experimental programme aimed at low-income single-parent families in France, implemented from 2018 to 2022.In Chapter 2, I analyse the effects on labour market participation and poverty, and how wrong we would have been not to use a randomised controlled trial. The analyses reveal initially negative effects that diminish over time. Participants have higher employment rates than other comparison groups, but this difference is entirely due to selection bias. This bias is so strong that estimates using the next best identification strategy - modern doubly robust differences-in-differences - fail to include experimental estimates within confidence intervals. Overall, the programme has no average effect on labour market participation and poverty after the end of the training. There are heterogeneous treatment effects by number of children at baseline.In Chapter 3, with Alexandra Galitzine, we challenge the narrative of "making work pay" for single-parent families in France. The 2019 reform of in-work benefits (Prime d'activité) was adopted contemporaneously with this programme. The intervention directly provided individualized and detailed information on the socio-fiscal system in a year-long support programme, likely to have further reduced various barriers to employment. We use this experiment to measure low-income single-parent families' reactions to incentives after the reform.Our primary contribution lies in estimating counterfactual distributions using experimental assignment variations. We find high labour income elasticities for participants, indicating significant disincentives to employment and increased in-work poverty. The programme's effects on family structure vary based on the number of children, highlighting the complex interplay between policy incentives and poverty dynamics. We coined the term "Assistaxation" to describe the phenomenon of heavily taxing the economic, physical, and mental resources of those accessing public assistance, leaving them with little means to escape
Cisse, Brahim. „Impact du statut socio-économique sur les réadmissions non planifiées suite à un traumatisme“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25363.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the recognized impact of socio-economic status (SES) on the risk of readmission in other patient populations, its impact on readmission in trauma patients is unclear. The objectives of this study were thus to determine the effect of SES on unplanned readmission following injury and to examine the impact of SES on the results of trauma center performance evaluations based on unplanned readmission. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study based on 52122 trauma patients discharged alive from the Quebec trauma system between 2005 and 2010. Patients admitted for traumatic injury who suffered from social deprivation had an increased risk of unplanned rehospitalization due to complications of injury within 30 days of discharge. Despite being an important determinant of readmission, additional adjustment for SES didn’t influence the results of trauma center performance evaluations based on unplanned readmission.
Crépin, Laurent. „Le statut socio-économique du renne au Magdalénien, en Europe : nouvelles données archéozoologiques sur l'économie des derniers chasseurs-collecteurs paléolithiques“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Magdalenian period offers a large range of archaeological sites rich in fauna material. However, this culture, very well known in some parts of Europe, stays poorly documented in other parts on a zooarchaeological point of view. We present our results from two Europeans regions where the subsistence behaviour was unknown: First, the “Berry” (deposit slope of “La Garenne”, Saint-Marcel – Indre, France) at the junction between the Aquitaine and Parisian basins, several times occupied by Magdalenian ; and then Moravia (Kůlna, Sloup – Czech Republic), one of the most oriental Magdalenian’s establishment. We discuss the socio-economic status of the Reindeer to see if its place in the Magdalenian society was the same in all Europe and if its exploitation results from environmental conditions or from acultural choice. Comparing these results with others disciplines then allows us to discuss about territory and its management by the hunters-gatherers from the last Pleniglacial
Messu, Michel. „Le statut social d'assisté : étude des stratégies d'utilisation de l'action sociale“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur purpose is to describe, to interpret and to explain the proper logic of the ways of using the dispositions of the welfare state. The description is made through an original way which consists in the study of eighteen particular cases. They have led us to define, under the "idealtypus" patterns, three strategies of utilization : the strategy of dependance, the strategy of subjection and the waiting strategy. The interpretation is led in terms of acquisition of a social status, the status of a person who receives state relief. We will admit that a form of social identity is elaborated around to poles which represent the singular presence of misfortune and the right of not working. Finally the explanation needs the constuction of a pattern of a social situation which specifies the families supported by the welfare state. But it is by giving all its importance to their system of preferences that the rationality of the strategies of utilization will be taken. .
Malsch, Bertrand. „Trois essais sur les formes contemporaines du pouvoir politique, social et économique de l'expertise“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28216/28216.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuiquerez, Guillaume. „Le rôle des a priori cognitifs en économie : le cas de la dépendance à l'histoire du taux de chômage“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTommasoli, Massimo. „Anthropologie : developpement rural et participation dans la cooperation italienne : le cas de la corne orientale de l'afrique“. Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBocquier, Aurélie. „Contribution à la compréhension des liens entre statut socio-économique et comportements de santé“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0713.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aimed to contribute to current scientific knowledge about the social differentiation of health behaviours in France and to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this differentiation. We focused on the role of specific sociocognitive factors (perceptions and beliefs) based on theories derived from the sociology of risk and the sociology of deviance. This work used data from the 2010 Baromètre cancer survey and the 2016 Baromètre santé survey to examine health behaviours related to primary prevention of some cancers (alcohol consumption and sun protection) and infectious diseases (childhood vaccinations). People of low socioeconomic status were more prone to relativize the alcohol-related risks of cancer and to have substantially less knowledge about sun health and more “false beliefs” about sun protection than people of high socioeconomic status. This knowledge and these false beliefs were significant mediators of the positive association between socioeconomic status and sun-protection behaviours. In the field of vaccination, we found a higher prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among parents who had at least passed the “bac”. This association was partly explained by their lower level of trust in health authorities and mainstream medicine than among the least educated group and by their greater commitment to making “good” health-related decisions. From a public health perspective, these results furnish avenues for designing health promotion interventions that take into account the social context in which people’s health behaviours are embedded to improve both effectiveness and equity
Sangnier, Marc. „Essais autour du capital social“. Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSocial capital is made from all values that push individuals to cooperate, to act with reciprocity or empathy in the absence of any formal control mechanism. Social capital manifests itself through trust, but also through opinions toward collective rather than individual responsability in economic activity. This thesis contributes to the economic literature interested in the role of norms by giving additional answers to its two fundamental questions. First, what are the consequences of differences in values on economic performance ? Second, where do these values come from ? The first two chapters document the relationship between trust on the one hand, and macroeconomic volatility and financial development on the other hand. It is shown that higher trust reduces macroeconomic volatility and fosters financial development across space and time. The third chapter rationalizes and documents a non-monotonic relationship between norms of cooperation and the generosity of the welfare state. It is shown that large and generous welfare states can be sustained both with high and low levels of trust, provided that a low level of trust is compensated with a large share of uncivic individuals who unduly use the social system. The question of the formation of values is tackled in the two last chapters. The fourth one documents the long-term persistence of values associated with the funding myths of mining activity in the United States : individual self-responsability and opposition to public intervention in the economy. The last chapter focuses on short term changes of trust in leaders and institution among Africans in the aftermath of riots and protests
Ducasse, Sylvain. „La "parenthèse" badegoulienne : fondements et statut d'une discordance industrielle au travers de l'analyse techno-économique de plusieurs ensembles lithiques médidionaux du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire“. Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Badegoulian has long been considered as an early stage of the Magdalenian. However, these past decades, a growing amount of discoveries has altered this image and, since the early 1990’s, supported by the first technological analyses, the idea of a « cultural » autonomy of the Badegoulian techno-complex has been now commonly accepted. By tacking into account a large sample of assemblages illustrating the whole variability of this peculiar techno-complex, from a geographic area poorly documented (Landes, Lot, Aude), this work aims to answer to two questions: on the one hand, we try to identify and to propose some understanding keys of the Badegoulian techno-economic behavioral variability; on the other hand, its independence reliability has been tested. While the techno-economical bases of the first Badegoulian industries appear to be fundamentally different from the available data for the end of the Solutrean, testifying to a fast shift of its technical traditions, the break with the middle Magdalenian is largely smoothed by the links between the late Badegoulian and the early Magdalenian. Thus, introducing a rupture at the beginning of the LGM, the Badegoulian is part of gradual changes of the technical behaviors applied to lithic equipments, even though a sensible transformation of the technical traditions within the bone industry production occurred during the transition with the Magdalenian
Duru, Malachy. „La Langue Igbo dans la culture de l'école et de la société : une réflexion sociolinguistique sur l'attitude des Igbos vis-à-vis de leur langue“. Grenoble 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE39018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on the hypothesis that the opposition between the learners' communicative competence that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the school, and that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the society, this study has questionned the language policy of the western education that is applied in the south-east of nigeria. It is certain that hte british colonialisme brought a lot of good things to the igbo tradition but the igbo tradition has suffered political and economic injustice from this british colonialisme. As aresult of the economic injustice, igbos are forced to move to other regions that are better favoured in search of work. Their long stay in these regions make them loose their traditional linguistics habits
Vassort, Patrick. „Un paramètre moderne de domination politique : le football“. Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWeatherdon, Nathan. „Expropriation risk with social and political instability : a dynamic conservation modeling approach“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28485/28485.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaramillo, Fernando. „Les liens entre la croissance et la répartition du revenu“. Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantelli, Emmanuelle. „Des cheminements sociaux aux constructions de trajectoires professionnelles : histoires familiales, relations sociales et mobilité : des cadres et des entrepreneurs d'origine algérienne“. Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom algeria to france, and through the professional courses of children whose parents were algerian immigrants, the families social courses are recalled and analysed. The caracteristic of the persons interviewed in this investigation is to be a manager or a business owner in france today. From this professionnal status, one of the main hypothesis lies in checking out the repercussion of family handing down in the social courses achieved inside the french community. Different social practices, such as matrimonial union, sociability, clubs involvement and both professional and residential mobility have been analysed in order to study the elaboration of those choices and directions. In the same way "choices" were to be made (a possible change of nationality, relationship to algeria, etc. ) according to the courses realised by those persons in the french community and according to the representation they have from the ones of their parents. The intergenerational approach is then favoured, through the space-times taken into consideration, in order to understand the family and social constellations from which the social processes are worked out
Escudier, Julie. „Le statut de la femme dans les droits maghrébins“. Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of political and sociological changes, the countries from North Africa remain marked by a dualistic legal context. The official right is sometimes a right attached with the respect of the divine law, sometimes a right which could be described as layman. The laws of the family, joined together within the Codes of the personal statute, are those of which the degree of emancipation compared to the divine law is the weakest. As for the civil, economic and political laws, their sources do not fit in the theological and cultural references but rather answer criteria marked with a universal thought of democratic invoice. The statute of the woman is thus located in this ambivalence between a private sphere regulated by a right in conformity with Islam and the Arabic and Moslem cultural identities and a respectful public sphere of the equality of the genders. In spite of the pression of the militants of the women's rights and the international organizations in load of promotion of the elimination of the gender’s discriminations, the North African countries, to differing degree, maintain uneven family legislations marked with patriarchate. The statutory condition of the women from North Africa thus takes place in this “legal schizophrenia”. To release them from this statute of inferiorisation, it is advisable to remove the persistent textual inequalities but also to follow a true policy of the chances man-woman in order to lead still phallocratic mentalities to evolve to a universal concept of human rights
Ombigath, Pierre. „L' exploitation forestière au Gabon (1892-1973) : impact économique et social“. Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the perspective to prepare the era of after petroleum, Gabon implemented since the 2001 a politics of diversification of its economy allowing to stimulate a durable growth. Among the main pillars of the economic reflation considered priority by the government is the forested sector. Taking advantage of good international capacities on this question since the Conference of United Nations on the Environment Development (CUNED) held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992, Gabon endowed of a new forested code in 2001. This new politics which insists on the durable management of forested ecosystems is sensible to increase the part of the forested incomes in the GDP of the country. However, interest aroused by the exploitation of the Gabonese forest does not date current. It goes bad: up to the period of the First World War during which were taken first measures recommending a rational exploitation of the forest. Well to accentuate the influence which can have this sector on the process of development of the Gabon in the years to come, we chose to interrogate past by insisting on the period 1892-1973 during which the forestry development occupied a dominating place in the economic and social life of this country
Herbaux, Denis. „On the economics of interpersonal relationships: three essays on social capital, social norms and social identity“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the first paper, The Tyranny of Social Norms on Individual Behavior, we study the negative effect of the existence of a norm and moving cost inside a community. Because of deviation cost (such as social shame or peer pressure for example), consumers inside a given community may not reach their ideal consumption, that is the consumption they would have without social constraint. On the other hand, moving to another community may be too expensive (in terms of social assets needed to be part of the new community). Hence, agents may get stuck in their community, being forced to consume something they do not want to. One example of such behavior is the underinvestment in education in some neighborhood. We show that such equilibria are possible and that they may be socially suboptimal equilibria as well as Pareto inferior equilibria. We also show that state intervention can correct those “bad” equilibria by operating transfers between agents in order to lower the moving cost.
In the second paper, Social Identity, Advertising and Market Competition, we use a particular approach of a sociological concept, namely Social Identity, which focuses on the fact that people want to signal who they are to others. We assume that this is done by choosing a specific consumption (think of fashion market for example). We show that under this assumption, the classical result of Bertrand Price Competition does not hold anymore, and that prices and profits are positive, meaning that social identity creates market power for firms. Moreover, if the number of goods is limited, groups will be formed, and there will be multiple equilibria, each one corresponding to a particular partition of the consumers. We then add the possibility for firms to use advertising. This allows consumers to have a coordination tool, but increases also market powers for firms. We investigate the various equilibria that arise and their impact in term of welfare.
In the third paper, Social Capital in Belgium, we construct an index of social capital using the European Social Survey, and we show that this index can be decomposed in three aspects: Trust, Social Activities and Social Network. We then study whether there is a difference in social capital between Belgium’s regions or not. We show that indeed, such difference exists, even when controlling for socioeconomic variables. In a third part, we investigate whether the level of social capital is higher or lower in Belgium than in other European countries, and we analyze European regional differences in term of social capital.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Teste, Thierry. „Les modèles de durée : application pour un traitement micro-économique des durées de chômage“. Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMade from the survey entitled "suivi des chômeurs", this thesis suggests an econometric analysis of unemployment duration in France. This analysis follows a reduced form and rests essentially on the theory of duration models. It uses the most recent techniques. Thus, it is possible to integrate into models the different exits met after unemployment: regular job, marginal job or inactivity. Most of all, it is possible to take into account the stock sampling from the survey, whose importance and influence are underlined. The main objective of this thesis is to be a logical continuation to the numerous studies undertaken until now. That's why this study resumes known and tested buildings. It also uses proportional hazard models and a model of accelerated life. This thesis also shows how this method could be extended to correct the length biased sampling on the model referred to. Moreover, by analyzing the effects of unemployment benefits, it also suggests a modelisation integrating temporal variables
Missaoui, Rafik. „Le secteur informel de l'énergie dans le pays en développement : cas du Maghreb : Tunisie et Maroc“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0579.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe modern energy sector organised as the occidental model ha many deficiencies in developing countries : a large part of population is out of the conventionalenergy network. The traditional energy sector, based on the self-supply of non-industrial energies (wood, biomas. . . ), is not able to satisfy the new needs, emerging along with deep economic, social and cultural transformations of the developing world. To satisfy their energetic needs, the populations bring many original response. This new kind of energetic situations can not be described according to the classic approaches and tools. Many first-hand surveys in Tunisia and Morocco allowed us to analyse these situations. Then, we proposed the concept of informal energy sector to characterise these new situations and to explain the energetic behaviour of populations. More over, these situations have serious economic, social and environmental consequences, which justify a public intervention. So, we tried to propose some elements for an appropriate policy to manage the informal energy sector, in the maghrebian context
Rivière, Pascal. „Anthropologie politique de "l'antimondialisation"“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe global cultural and economical rapports of exteriority induct some strategies of resistance on the inner social unities struck by the change, the uncertainties and the unenchantments of the merchant and scientific techno-logic - as far as their perverse effects and the individual and collective crisis inducts by the accidents or by the malversations. They impute some counter-models, which are originally allying rationality with utopicsms. In the beginning, groups and personalities of several origins are articulated round an editorial of the Monde diplomatique, in the extension of a dynamic imputed by May 1995 and by the struggle against the AMI. Attac - " association pour la taxation des transactions financières pour l'aide aux citoyens " - is created. This way of thinking is certainly socialist and republican, but the social spaces and the social trajectories, which are crossing themselves, are differing. The pedagogy, the acquisition of the economical and geopolitical knowledge, the expressivities and the subjectivity are practiced. Foundering intellectuals, political militants and adherents are coasting along. Some imaginaries are renewing themselves, - the peasant "jacquerie" - are inventing themselves - the cybernetic internationalism - and eclectic cultural elements are combining themselves together to form a figure, which is at once original, new and inherited. It diffuses its terms and images in the public opinion, it shows its mediatic heroes and it generates new practices - boycotts of the products of "Danone", equitable trade But soon, diversity gave in to the strategies of the militants from the radical left-wing's network. The adherent is controlled, the intellectual is externalised. A radical and total ideology and a messianic vocation characterize soon the politic movement, which runs counter the domination of the PS and breaks the left-wing's electoral front. But new forms avoid to the levelling and spring on exterior spaces
Nesta, Lionel. „Cohérence des bases de connaissances et changement technique“. Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTisserand, Jean-Christian. „Essais sur l'analyse économique de la négociation“. Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn civil liability actions, the proportion of cases that are settled through conciliation remains very low in some countries. Negotiation failures lead to trials, the cost of which is high for both the state and the parties involved in litigation. in this thesis, we use a wide range of empirical tools to investigate the determinants that contribute to the success or failure of settlement between two parties involved in a legal action. We contribute to this topic through four original studies. We first investigate the rationality of players in one of the most simple bargaining games : the ultimatum game. For that purpose, we perform a metaanalysis of the three last decades of experimental research. Proposers’ choices, that do no match the theoretical equilibrium of the game, are found to be rationalegiven the observed behavior of responders. Subsequently, we perform a comparative meta-analysis of the ultimatum and the dictator game to investigate the “fairness hypothesis” according to which off ers in these two games are not significantly different. We find that the more developed a country, the more likely the “fairness hypothesis” is to be rejected. In a third place, we aim to identify the forces that shape decision-making in the pretrial conciliation phase of French labor courts. The results are twofold. First, conciliation is less likely when plaintiff s are assisted by a lawyer. Second, we find that the likelihood of settlement decreases as the amount at stake increases. Finally, through an original experiment, we empirically investigate the behavior of individuals who do not want to bargain, but are forced to do so. We show that individuals who are forced to bargain make less generous offers and are less likely to conciliate
Lessoua, Albert. „Impacts distributifs de la pollution atmosphérique et bénéfices des politiques environnementales : une application à la Haute-Normandie“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to analyse the distributive impacts of air pollution and to assess the monetary value of environmental policies benefits in Haute-Normandie. The hypothesis to be tested is that the exposure to air pollution is regressive across income groups in this region. The results reveal that households by income and households by socioeconomic status are disproportionately exposed to local air pollution, indicating that the distribution of air pollution reduction in Rouen and Le Havre are estimated at € 8,085 million per year and €5,62 million per year respectively. These benefits enable the implementation of social policy in order to reduce the negative distributive effects due to air pollution externalities
Tafferant, Nasser. „Anthropologie d'une économie souterraine : le "bizness" dans une cité H.L.M., nouvelles figures de la norme et de la déviance économique“. Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the working class, "bizness" amounts to an illegal market exchange of goods. A lot of consumer products are available - clothes, kitchen appliances, cosmetics etc. . . , on the street level of high rise housing projects. I strove to get acquainted with this mùarket and its underground merchants, and to understand the meaning of their commitment to illegality. Far from economic delinquency legitimized by poverty and easy money, the eight street peddlers whom I observed for four years do not hold the stygma of social outcast. On the contrary,thy reject and try to avoid a career of delinquency. Their experience of illegality has to do with a social lifestyle strongly influenced by moral norms which they draw from their various cultural universes - family, school, work, peers. That is why they invest their human resources in these sources of norms. The frontier between norm and deviance is porous. However diverse are their strategies of legitimation, the street peddlers all have the same goal : to consider "bizness" as a possible way to live according to norm and legality
Ramamonjisoa, Janine. „Pouvoirs et production : l'expérience exemplaire de la société d'aménagement du bas-Mangoky (Samangoky, Madagascar)“. Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES1010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGazzano, Olivier. „Sources brillantes de photons uniques indiscernables et démonstration d'une porte logique quantique“. Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis was the developrnent of new bright sources of both single and indistinguishable photons that we used for implementing a quantum logic gate. For this purpose, we studied and controlled the spontaneous emission of single semiconductor quantum dot embed in optical structures. First, we proposed a new type of three dimensional cavity - easy to realize and that we named "confined Tamm plasmon modes" cavities - in order to control the spontaneous emission of a quantum dot and to create a bright source of single photons. Then, we fabricated and characterized sources of single photons with brightnesses up to 0. 79 photons collected per laser pulse. To do so, we deterministically coupled a single quantum dot to the confined mode of a micropillar The indistinguishability of the photons emitted by the source has been studied as a function of the pumping conditions. Using a two-color excitation scheme, we obtained for the first time a bright source of indistinguishable single photons. Finally, to show the potential of these sources, we implemented a quantum Controlled-Not gate operating on two single photons. This gate, which flips a target qubit state as a function of a control qubit state, is at the heart of the quantum computer, The measurement of the truth table allows us to determine the success probability of the gate, Using this quantum logic gate, we generated two photons entangled in polarization. The fidelity to the Bell state reaches 71%
Monnerat, Mélie. „L'acajou aux Fidji : un arbre au coeur des préoccupations environnementale, sociopolitique et économique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25378/25378.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the mid 1990s to the beginning of the twenty-first century, big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) plantations have become a major economic and sociopolitical consideration in Fiji. Although they are of interest principally because of their economic value, this paper argues that environmental and sociopolitical aspects of the plantations must be taken into account. The first part considers the international scale illustrating that big-leaf mahogany is the most commercially important timber species in the Neotropic zone and is facing global overexploitation. This reality contributes to the advantageous position of planted Fiji mahogany. This much said, Fiji as an island state presents a number of distinctive parameters, notably a limited land surface and fragile ecosystems. The second part of this study elaborates on the history and management of Fiji mahogany in order to take into account their specific parameters. The third part will discuss the place mahogany plantations occupy in Fiji’s economic and sociocultural configuration. Through a geocultural approach, the study focuses on the distinctive population dynamic in Fiji where ethnic Fijians and Indo-Fijians have cohabited for about four generations in a complex situation, notably with regard to indigenous land tenure, productive versus subsistence agriculture, rural versus urban societies and a colonial regime. The study concludes that an interdisciplinary and multi-scale approach clarifies the complex situation in which the Fiji mahogany plantations are being developed.
Mikolajczyk, Fabienne. „Les différentes modalités d'explicitation du savoir expert à destination d'un public non expert : d'une communication inégale à des formes variées de co-constructions des savoirs“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrivel, Estelle. „Légitimité de l'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine des arts : Rationalité des acteurs et optimum social“. Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe legitimacy of state intervention must be analysed through its capacity to bring the point of market equilibrium nearer from that of social optimum. The first ambition of this thesis is to focus on the dependency of the analysis on 1) rationality hypotheses concerning economic and political agents'behavior and 2) value judgements hidden behind criteria of social optimum. While rationality hypotheses of economic agents lead to the determination of market equilibrium, that is to the point reached concerning the consumption and production of arts, criteria of social optimum define the point to be reached. The gap between the two constitutes the failure of the market. The existence of market failures does not suffice however to demonstrate the legitimacy of state intervention. Indeed, the functionning of the state can, it too, be the subject of other kinds of failures. One must thus analyse, rather than the ideal functionning of the state, its actual functionning, whose characterisation depends, just like that of the market, on rationality hypotheses concerning the behavior of political agents. Finally, apart from the focus placed on the dependence of the analysis on rationality hypotheses and criteria of social optimum, a second original innovation consists in the implementation of a survey on a random sample of 987 french individuals. Its objectives are of two kinds: first of all, test some of the hypotheses concerning the characterisation of works of arts; second of all, establish the excess or insufficiency of the financial effort made by the state concerning the arts
Euillet, Alexandra. „Le statut juridique des associations du secteur sanitaire, social et médico-social à but non lucratif : la notion d'utilité sociale“. Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUED001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFabre, Alice. „L'accumulation du capital humain sur le cycle de vie : éducation, formation et inégalités : Une étude dans le cadre du modèle à générations imbriquées“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN'Simba, Ludovic. „L'envie et la frustration sociale, des obstacles au développement économique de l'Afrique ? : Approches théoriques et analytiques“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28667.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBattaglia, Nicole. „L'introduction de la future monnaie européenne dans la pensée et les actions“. Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIML002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur study was based on the assumption that economic socialization mobilizes the entirety of psychological functioning and results from an interaction between cognitive, emotional and psychosocial determinants. This change in the state of economic affairs is selected because it will involve objective constraints on subject's realizations. Previous psychological research has made clear that the individuals' experience, and the social influence that shape it, have a bearing on the appraisal processes. In other words, it influences the way to appraise, conceptualize and cope with a new social object. We want to show that no sound theory or explanation of facts in the field of economic socialization can be set up without an account of socially shared representations, social context of realizations and individual characteristics of subjects. In this life span socio-developmental perspective (from adolescence to later adulthood), age, gender and subculture differences are found in the nature of economic experiences that are stressful, in individual's cognitive, emotional, and motivational reactions to this event and in strategies of coping responses to face the change of currency. If our study shows at the very least that it seems clear that developmental level shapes coping, then the results across highly selective groups (contrasted by different subcultures) gives rise to another difference between subject's gender and social anchoring. Key, wolds: economic socialization, social representations, stressor, cognition, conation, coping strategies. Topic reference: representations -economic socialization- transaction process
Uhalde, Marc. „Crise sociale et transformation des entreprises“. Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PAO90066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research in "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" focuses on organizational crisis that arises when companies modernize their internal management mechanisms. Built around four specific case studies, this research indicates that this "organizational crisis" can become endemic and long-term as individuals struggle to maintain their organizational identity throughout the change process. In addition, "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" shows that the degree of an "organizational crisis" has a direct relation to current company work mechanisms, particular styles of Change Management, and an organization's unique tradition and culture
De, Meulemeester Jean Luc. „Analyse économique de la demande d'enseignement supérieur universitaire“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212503.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDarriet, Elisa. „Science économique et sens commun : études des représentations sociales de la crise économique et de l'euro“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population