Thematische Bibliographien / Stain transfer

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Stain transfer“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. November 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Bentaieb, Aicha, und Ghassan Hamarneh. „Adversarial Stain Transfer for Histopathology Image Analysis“. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 37, Nr. 3 (März 2018): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2781228.

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Lin, Yiyang, Bowei Zeng, Yifeng Wang, Yang Chen, Zijie Fang, Jian Zhang, Xiangyang Ji, Haoqian Wang und Yongbing Zhang. „Unpaired Multi-Domain Stain Transfer for Kidney Histopathological Images“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, Nr. 2 (28.06.2022): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i2.20054.

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As an essential step in the pathological diagnosis, histochemical staining can show specific tissue structure information and, consequently, assist pathologists in making accurate diagnoses. Clinical kidney histopathological analyses usually employ more than one type of staining: H&E, MAS, PAS, PASM, etc. However, due to the interference of colors among multiple stains, it is not easy to perform multiple staining simultaneously on one biological tissue. To address this problem, we propose a network based on unpaired training data to virtually generate multiple types of staining from one staining. Our method can preserve the content of input images while transferring them to multiple target styles accurately. To efficiently control the direction of stain transfer, we propose a style guided normalization (SGN). Furthermore, a multiple style encoding (MSE) is devised to represent the relationship among different staining styles dynamically. An improved one-hot label is also proposed to enhance the generalization ability and extendibility of our method. Vast experiments have demonstrated that our model can achieve superior performance on a tiny dataset. The results exhibit not only good performance but also great visualization and interpretability. Especially, our method also achieves satisfactory results over cross-tissue, cross-staining as well as cross-task. We believe that our method will significantly influence clinical stain transfer and reduce the workload greatly for pathologists. Our code and Supplementary materials are available at https://github.com/linyiyang98/UMDST.

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Via, Brian K., Chi-Leung So, Todd F. Shupe, Lori G. Eckhardt, Michael Stine und Leslie H. Groom. „Prediction of Wood Mechanical and Chemical Properties in the Presence and Absence of Blue Stain Using Two near Infrared Instruments“. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 13, Nr. 4 (August 2005): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.538.

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The objective of this research was to (a) determine if blue stain in solid wood influenced calibration equations developed from a non-stained wood population, (b) assess the bias introduced when scanning was performed by the slave instrument without calibration transfer from the master instrument and (c) partition absorbance-based variation by instrument, stain and instrument × stain interaction. The results helped to determine the calibration transfer needed for this case. The dependent variables assessed from clear and stained wood were lignin, extractives, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and density When the master instrument was used for both calibration and prediction, it was found that stain-insensitive equations for the five traits could be built. However, when a slave near infrared instrument was introduced without calibration transfer, three out of five predicted traits were significantly biased by the presence of stain. Further analysis revealed an interaction between stain and instrument indicating that instrument bias was also introduced during scanning with a slave. For both multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal components regression (PCR), it was found that if a trait needed more wavelengths (or principal components) for prediction of the dependent variable, bias due to blue stain became increasingly prominent. PCR was found to perform better than MLR when stain was introduced with no calibration transfer. Such a finding alludes that PCR works better than MLR under extrapolation conditions but is not intended to support a lack of calibration transfer. Finally, the Mallows Cp diagnostic proved valuable in model selection although the well-known requirement of ( Cp – p ≤ 0) appeared conservative. For MLR and PCR, a Cp – p ≤ 5 often yielded applicable models while Cp – p > 7 was about the threshold where model performance dropped.

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Lee, Jiann-Shu, und Yao-Xian Ma. „Stain Style Transfer for Histological Images Using S3CGAN“. Sensors 22, Nr. 3 (28.01.2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031044.

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This study proposes a new CycleGAN-based stain transfer model, called S3CGAN, equipped with a specialized color classifier structure. The specialized color classifier can assist the generative network to conquer the existing challenge in GANs, namely the instability of the network caused by the insufficient representativeness of the training data in the initial stage of network training. The color classifier is pretrained, hence it can provide correct color information feedback to the generator during the initial network training phase. The augmented information from color classification enables the generator to generate superior results. Owing to the CycleGAN architecture, the proposed model does not require representative paired inputs. The proposed model uses U-Net and a Markovian discriminator to enhance the structural retention ability to generate images with high fidelity.

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Rocha, Daniel, Filomena Soares, Eva Oliveira und Vítor Carvalho. „Blind People: Clothing Category Classification and Stain Detection Using Transfer Learning“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 3 (02.02.2023): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031925.

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The ways in which people dress, as well as the styles that they prefer for different contexts and occasions, are part of their identity. Every day, blind people face limitations in identifying and inspecting their garments, and dressing can be a difficult and stressful task. Taking advantage of the great technological advancements, it becomes of the utmost importance to minimize, as much as possible, the limitations of a blind person when choosing garments. Hence, this work aimed at categorizing and detecting the presence of stains on garments, using artificial intelligence algorithms. In our approach, transfer learning was used for category classification, where a benchmark was performed between convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with the best model achieving an F1 score of 91%. Stain detection was performed through the fine tuning of a deep learning object detector, i.e., the mask R (region-based)-CNN. This approach is also analyzed and discussed, as it allowed us to achieve better results than those available in the literature.

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Moghadam, Atefeh Ziaei, Hamed Azarnoush, Seyyed Ali Seyyedsalehi und Mohammad Havaei. „Stain transfer using Generative Adversarial Networks and disentangled features“. Computers in Biology and Medicine 142 (März 2022): 105219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105219.

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Fang, Qiuwen, Ming Chen, Hua-ju Li, Tena G. Goodwin und Peter K. Law. „Vital marker for muscle nuclei in myoblast transfer“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, Nr. 1 (01.01.1991): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-008.

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A new method is developed using Fluoro-Gold (FG) as a vital stain to label the nuclei of donor myoblasts in myoblast transfer studies. In vitro incubation with 0.01% FG for 16 h resulted in 100% nuclei labelling. Intensive fluorescence persisted following 9 days of subculture, when the human myoblasts were injected into the quadriceps of mouse recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. Injected muscles showed mosaicism of host and donor nuclei 25 days after injection, indicating (i) survival and fusion among donor myoblasts, and (ii) fusion between host and donor cells. FG labelling was not observed in control muscles injected with an equal volume of FG-labelled dead myoblasts, 0.01% FG medium, or phosphate-buffered saline.Key words: Fluoro-Gold, nucleus vital stain, myoblast culture and transplant.

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Russell, Gerald E. „Ruggedness Testing of the Official Method for Rot Fragments in Comminuted Tomato Products“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, Nr. 5 (01.09.1985): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.896.

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Abstract The official AOAC method for rot fragments in comminuted tomato products (44.224) has been revised on the basis of Youden's ruggedness testing procedures to provide better control over the sources of variability. Two sets of ruggedness tests were carried out to evaluate the type of balance used to weigh the sample, amount of stain, staining time, sieve design, technique used to transfer stained material from beaker to sieve, washing technique used to accumulate stained material at edge of sieve, diameter of eye dropper used to transfer sample from sieve to graduated tube, number of 0.5 mL portions examined, and magnification used to examine prepared slides. A 3-way analysis of variance conducted on amount of stain, transfer technique, and washing technique showed that the transfer and washing techniques were significant areas of variability.

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Liu, Shuting, Baochang Zhang, Yiqing Liu, Anjia Han, Huijuan Shi, Tian Guan und Yonghong He. „Unpaired Stain Transfer Using Pathology-Consistent Constrained Generative Adversarial Networks“. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 40, Nr. 8 (August 2021): 1977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3069874.

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Kolasinski, Kurt W. „Electron transfer during metal-assisted and stain etching of silicon“. Semiconductor Science and Technology 31, Nr. 1 (01.10.2015): 014002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/31/1/014002.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Nisar, Zeeshan. „Self-supervised learning in the presence of limited labelled data for digital histopathology“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD016.

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Un défi majeur dans l'application de l'apprentissage profond à l'histopathologie réside dans la variation des colorations, à la fois inter et intra-coloration. Les modèles d'apprentissage profond entraînés sur une seule coloration (ou domaine) échouent souvent sur d'autres, même pour la même tâche (par exemple, la segmentation des glomérules rénaux). L'annotation de chaque coloration est coûteuse et chronophage, ce qui pousse les chercheurs à explorer des méthodes de transfert de coloration basées sur l'adaptation de domaine. Celles-ci visent à réaliser une segmentation multi-coloration en utilisant des annotations d'une seule coloration, mais sont limitées par l'introduction d'un décalage de domaine, réduisant ainsi les performances. La détection et la quantification de ce décalage sont essentielles. Cette thèse se concentre sur des méthodes non supervisées pour développer une métrique de détection du décalage et propose une approche de transfert de coloration pour le minimiser. Bien que ces algorithmes réduisent le besoin d'annotations, ils peuvent être limités pour certains tissus. Cette thèse propose donc une amélioration via l'auto-supervision
A key challenge in applying deep learning to histopathology is the variation in stainings, both inter and intra-stain. Deep learning models trained on one stain (or domain) often fail on others, even for the same task (e.g., kidney glomeruli segmentation). Labelling each stain is expensive and time-consuming, prompting researchers to explore domain adaptation based stain-transfer methods. These aim to perform multi-stain segmentation using labels from only one stain but are limited by the introduction of domain shift, reducing performance. Detecting and quantifying this domain shift is important. This thesis focuses on unsupervised methods to develop a metric for detecting domain shift and proposes a novel stain-transfer approach to minimise it. While multi-stain algorithms reduce the need for labels in target stains, they may struggle with tissue types lacking source-stain labels. To address this, the thesis focuses to improve multi-stain segmentation with less reliance on labelled data using self-supervision. While this thesis focused on kidney glomeruli segmentation, the proposed methods are designed to be applicable to other histopathology tasks and domains, including medical imaging and computer vision

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Sun, Xiaowei. „Interaction of green tea or black tea polyphenols with protein in the presence or absence of other small ligands“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556296109059913.

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Duck, Graham Ian. „Distributed Bragg grating sensing, strain transfer mechanics and experiments“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58592.pdf.

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Dillard, Joshua Ryan. „Demographics and Transfer of Escherichia coli Within Bos taurus Populations“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1484.

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In the United States, symptoms caused by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are on the rise. A major source of these pathogenic strains is the E. coli in the digestive tract of cattle. The purpose of this project was to determine if E. coli are transferred between individuals of the same species and if interspecies transmission is possible. Proximity of cattle was also studied as a contributing factor to the transfer of E. coli. To accomplish this goal, E. coli isolates from cattle and cohabitating ground squirrels were compared through a new method of bacterial strain typing called pyroprinting. Bulls from the Cal Poly Bull Test were sampled every summer from May to September when around 200 bulls from ranches across California are housed together to be tested and eventually auctioned off. The impact of cattle origin (ranch, city) and habitation (pen) on E.coli isolate strain type were evaluated via pyroprinting . The cattle were studied to see if transfer was related to proximity of cohabitation. Since the complete population of intestinal E. coli could not be sampled, transfer could not be directly seen. The probability of sharing E. coli in each time point was used to infer transfer. There was an increase in the probability of sharing E. coli from the May sample date to the September date, indicating that some form of transfer was occurring. There was an even greater increase in the probability of sharing E. coli when the bulls were housed in close proximity. Lastly, ground squirrels cohabitating in the area were found to house some of the same strains as the cattle. This makes transfer between squirrels and cattle a possibility. Overall, this paper shows that the intestinal E. coli composition of bulls may be readily altered by the introduction of new bulls into a population.

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Zutavern, Zachary Scott. „Fiber optic strain gauge calibration and dynamic flexibility transfer function identification in magnetic bearings“. Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152.

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Historical attempts to measure forces in magnetic bearings have been unsuccessful as a result of relatively high uncertainties. Recent advances in the strain-gauge technology have provided a new method for measuring magnetic bearing forces. Fiber optic strain gauges are roughly 100 times more sensitive than conventional strain gauges and are not affected by electro-magnetic interference. At the Texas A&M Turbomachinery Laboratory, installing the fiber-optic strain gauges in magnetic bearings has produced force measurements with low uncertainties. Dynamic flexibility transfer functions exhibiting noticeable gyroscopic coupling have been identified and compared with results of a finite element model. The comparison has verified the effectiveness of using magnetic bearings as calibrated exciters in rotordynamic testing. Many applications including opportunities for testing unexplained rotordynamic phenomena are now feasible.

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Caruthers, Elena Joy Caruthers. „Investigating Lower Limb Muscle Function during the Sit to Stand Transfer and Stair Climbing“. The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1498569178798838.

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Nowak, Stephanie Beth. „Understanding Time-Variant Stress-Strain in Turkey: A Numerical Modeling Approach“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26072.

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Over the past century, a series of large (> 6.5) magnitude earthquakes have struck along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey in a roughly East to West progression. The progression of this earthquake sequence began in 1939 with the Ms 8.0 earthquake near the town of Erzincan and continued westward, with two of the most recent ruptures occurring near the Sea of Marmara in 1999. The sequential nature of ruptures along this fault zone implies that there is a connection between the location of the previous rupture and that of the future rupture zones. This study focuses on understanding how previous rupture events and tectonic influences affect the stress regime of the NAFZ and how these stress changes affect the probability of future rupture along any unbroken segments of the fault zone using a two dimensional finite element modeling program. In this study, stress changes due to an earthquake are estimated using the slip history of the event, estimations of rock and fault properties along the fault zone (elastic parameters), and the far-field tectonic influence due to plate motions. Stress changes are not measured directly. The stress regime is then used to calculate the probability of rupture along another segment of the fault zone. This study found that when improper estimates of rock properties are utilized, the stress changes may be under- or over- estimated by as much as 350% or more. Because these calculated stress changes are used in probability calculations, the estimates of probability can be off by as much as 20%. A two dimensional model was built to reflect the interpreted geophysical and geological variations in elastic parameters and the 1939 through 1999 rupture sequence was modeled. The far-field tectonic influence due to plate motions contributed between 1 and 4 bars of stress to the unbroken segments of the fault zone while earthquake events transferred up to 50 bars of stress to the adjacent portions of the fault zone. The 1999 rupture events near Izmit and DÃ¼zce have increased the probability of rupture during the next ten years along faults in the Marmara Sea to 38% while decreasing the probability of rupture along the faults near the city of Bursa by ~6%. Large amounts of strain accumulation are interpreted along faults in the Marmara Sea, further compounding the case for a large rupture event occurring in that area in the future.
Ph. D.

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Intiang, Jittakant. „Use of triple beam resonant gauges in torque measurement transfer standard“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4500.

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A new torque transfer standard using metallic TBTF resonant sensor was developed to overcome the overload capability problem which occurs with conventional metallic resistance strain gauges. Previous research work, however, has shown that the first prototype of the metallic TBTF resonant sensor was not suitable for use in a torque transfer standard due to its size and subsequent sensitivity to parasitic lateral forces. To maximize the benefits from this sensor, particularly overload capability and long-term stability, in the high accuracy torque measurement application area, there is a need to develop significantly smaller devices. The aim of this thesis is to research through FEA modelling and experimental characterisation the key performance parameters required to produce a miniaturised metallic TBTF resonant sensor that provides better performance when applied in a torque measurement system. For high accuracy any torque transducer using these sensors ought to have low sensitivity to parasitic influences such as bending moments and lateral forces, which can only be achieved with reduced size. The problems with the existing design, key design issues, possible configuration and packaging solutions of the metallic TBTF resonant sensor that could be used for achieving a higher accuracy torque transfer standard are considered. Two designs of miniaturised metallic TBTF resonant sensors, SL20 and SL12, are considered and experimentally investigated. The lateral forces are reduced by 52% for SL20 design and by 80% for SL12 design when compared to the original SL40 design. A torque transducer using the SL20 design was calibrated falling into the Torque Transfer Standard class of accuracy 1 category, uncertainty 0.8%. A torque transducer using the SL12 design was made and calibration showed a class of accuracy 0.5 category, uncertainty 0.2%. The results from this research indicate that the SL12 design is suitable for use in a torque transfer standard. The SL12 design is optimal and the smallest size possible based on the overload capability design criteria requiring the tine cross sectional area to remain constant.

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Ruchi, Sangeetika. „Computational Modeling of Laser Therapy of Port-Wine Stains- Based on Reduced Scattering Method“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428070493.

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Sears, Nicholas C. „Investigations into the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Properties of Flexible Hybrid Electronic Material Systems“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1525278328687427.

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Bücher zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Usdin, Steven T. Engineering communism: How two Americans spied for Stalin and founded the Soviet Silicon Valley. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.

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DeTurris, Dianne J. Instrumentation development for study of Reynolds analogy in reacting flows. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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DeTurris, Dianne J. Instrumentation development for study of Reynolds analogy in reacting flows. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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J, Henneberry T., und United States. Agricultural Research Service, Hrsg. Silverleaf whitefly: National research, action, and technology transfer plan, 1997-2001 : formerly Sweetpotato whitefly, strain B, first annual review of the second 5-year plan held in Charleston, South Carolina, February 3-5, 1998. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1998.

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Differentiating impact spatter from transfer stains on textiles: Does the introduction of stain resistant moisture wicking fabric in men's athletic shirts prohibit correct indentification? [San Diego, California]: National University, 2016.

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Baldridge, Jory R. Analysis of listerial strain immunogenicity by cell transfer studies. 1985.

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Duck, Graham Ian. Distributed bragg grating sensing -- strain transfer mechanics and experiments. 2001.

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Way, John. Development of bacterial reporter strain for biomonitoring of gene transfer in the environment. 1996.

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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson und Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 68-Year-Old Female with Progressive Pain and Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0027.

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Statin myopathy can occur at anytime during use. This chapter discusses an approach to diagnosis, and emphasizes management considerations, including awareness of statin metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 system. A statin must be discontinued in any patient with evidence of myopathy or myalgias. A muscle biopsy should be done in cases that do not improve clinically or by creatine kinase level. It is important to note that there are cases of apparent statin myopathy which transform into a chronic autoimmune inflammatory myopathy. Antibodies to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase have recently been identified in the majority of patients with autoimmune statin myopathy and this test may give further weight to treat with immunotherapy.

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Hardy, Jeffrey S. The Gulag After Stalin. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702792.001.0001.

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This book reveals how the vast Soviet penal system was reimagined and reformed in the wake of Stalin's death. The text argues that penal reform in the 1950s was a serious endeavor intended to transform the Gulag into a humane institution that re-educated criminals into honest Soviet citizens. Under the leadership of Minister of Internal Affairs Nikolai Dudorov, a Khrushchev appointee, this drive to change the Gulag into a “progressive” system where criminals were reformed through a combination of education, vocational training, leniency, sport, labor, cultural programs, and self-governance was both sincere and at least partially effective. The new vision for the Gulag faced many obstacles. Re-education proved difficult to quantify, a serious liability in a statistics-obsessed state. The entrenched habits of Gulag officials and the prisoner-guard power dynamic mitigated the effect of the post-Stalin reforms. And the Soviet public never fully accepted the new policies of leniency and the humane treatment of criminals. In the late 1950s, they joined with a coalition of party officials, criminologists, procurators, newspaper reporters, and some penal administrators to rally around the slogan “The camp is not a resort” and succeeded in re-imposing harsher conditions for inmates. By the mid-1960s the Soviet Gulag had emerged as a hybrid system forged from the old Stalinist system, the vision promoted by Khrushchev and others in the mid-1950s, and the ensuing counter-reform movement. This new penal equilibrium largely persisted until the fall of the Soviet Union.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Raipuria, Geetank, Anu Shrivastava und Nitin Singhal. „Stain-AgLr: Stain Agnostic Learning for Computational Histopathology Using Domain Consistency and Stain Regeneration Loss“. In Domain Adaptation and Representation Transfer, 33–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16852-9_4.

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Nishar, Harshal, Nikhil Chavanke und Nitin Singhal. „Histopathological Stain Transfer Using Style Transfer Network with Adversarial Loss“. In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2020, 330–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59722-1_32.

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Cai, Shaojin, Yuyang Xue, Qinquan Gao, Min Du, Gang Chen, Hejun Zhang und Tong Tong. „Stain Style Transfer Using Transitive Adversarial Networks“. In Machine Learning for Medical Image Reconstruction, 163–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33843-5_15.

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Boyd, Joseph, Irène Villa, Marie-Christine Mathieu, Eric Deutsch, Nikos Paragios, Maria Vakalopoulou und Stergios Christodoulidis. „Region-Guided CycleGANs for Stain Transfer in Whole Slide Images“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 356–65. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16434-7_35.

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Liang, Hanwen, Konstantinos N. Plataniotis und Xingyu Li. „Stain Style Transfer of Histopathology Images via Structure-Preserved Generative Learning“. In Machine Learning for Medical Image Reconstruction, 153–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61598-7_15.

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Wagner, Sophia J., Nadieh Khalili, Raghav Sharma, Melanie Boxberg, Carsten Marr, Walter de Back und Tingying Peng. „Structure-Preserving Multi-domain Stain Color Augmentation Using Style-Transfer with Disentangled Representations“. In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021, 257–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87237-3_25.

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Wu, Huaqian, Nicolas Souedet, Camille Mabillon, Caroline Jan, Cédric Clouchoux und Thierry Delzescaux. „Adversarial Stain Transfer to Study the Effect of Color Variation on Cell Instance Segmentation“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 105–14. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16961-8_11.

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Gong, Zhengze, Xipeng Pan, Chu Han, Bingjiang Qiu, Bingchao Zhao, Yu Liu, Xinyi Chen, Cheng Lu, Zaiyi Liu und Gang Fang. „CS-Net: A Stain Style Transfer Network for Histology Images with CS-Gate Attention“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 19–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9109-9_3.

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Shen, Yiqing, und Jing Ke. „StainDiff: Transfer Stain Styles of Histology Images with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models and Self-ensemble“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 549–59. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43987-2_53.

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Gassman, Paul G. „Photoinduced Single Electron Transfer from Strained Rings“. In Strain and Its Implications in Organic Chemistry, 143–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0929-8_11.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Veronese, Lorenzo, Isabella Poles, Eleonora D'Arnese und Marco D. Santambrogio. „Stain Transfer using CycleGAN for Histopathological Images“. In IEEE EUROCON 2023 - 20th International Conference on Smart Technologies. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10199027.

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Shaban, M. Tarek, Christoph Baur, Nassir Navab und Shadi Albarqouni. „Staingan: Stain Style Transfer for Digital Histological Images“. In 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759152.

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Shen, Yiqing. „Personalized Stain Style Transfer Layers For Distributed Histology Classification“. In Digital and Computational Pathology, herausgegeben von John E. Tomaszewski und Aaron D. Ward. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2607168.

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Li, Dong, Bin Chen, Guo-Xiang Wang, Wenjuan Wu und Ya-Ling He. „A New Theoretical Model of Selectively Photothermolysis to Aid Laser Treatment of Poor Responding Port Wine Stain Blood Vessels“. In The 15th International Heat Transfer Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc15.ppe.009038.

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Lin, Yiyang, Yifeng Wang, Yang Chen, Zirui Zhu, Zijie Fang, Miaorun Lin, Zexin Li und Yongbing Zhang. „Unpaired H&E to PR Stain Transfer with Self-Supervised Auxiliary Segmentation“. In 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230636.

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Li, Zexin, Yiyang Lin, Yifeng Wang, Zijie Fang, Hao Bian, Runze Hu, Xiu Li und Yongbing Zhang. „ST-MKSC: The FF-FFPE Stain Transfer Based on Multiple Key Structure Constraint“. In 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230499.

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Yang, Xilin, Bijie Bai, Yuzhu Li, Yijie Zhang, Tairan Liu, Kevin de Haan und Aydogan Ozcan. „Virtual histological stain transformations through cascaded deep neural networks“. In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.fth3b.1.

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We present a deep learning-based framework to virtually transfer brightfield images of H&E-stained tissue slides to other types of stains using cascaded networks, providing high-quality images of special stains from existing H&E stained tissue images.

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Karegowda, Asha Gowda, R. Pooja, A. Leena Rani und G. Devika. „Detection of Stain Defects in Textile Industry using State-of-Art Transfer Learning Models“. In 2024 International Conference on Smart Systems for applications in Electrical Sciences (ICSSES). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsses62373.2024.10561384.

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Guo, Yali, Shengqiang Shen, Weizhong Li und R. Bennacer. „Study on the Evolution of Nanofluid Droplet Heated on Horizontal Substrate“. In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18089.

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Based on the moment space, the lattice Boltzmann method is applied to simulate the evolution of nanofluid droplet on a heated substrate. The results show that the evolution of nanofluid droplet experiences pinning, depinning stage and in the end ring stain is obviously found because of the nanoparticles’ strong pinning. The simulation results are compared with the experimental investigations of reference, and good agreements are obtained.

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Franco, Walfre, Guo-Xiang Wang, J. Stuart Nelson und Guillermo Aguilar. „Radial Heat Transfer Dynamics During Cryogen Spray Cooling“. In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59609.

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Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermal layer during skin laser surgery of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks and other specific dermatoses. The objective of the present work is to investigate temporal and radial variations on the heat transferred at the surface of a skin model during CSC. A fast-response thermal sensor is used to measure temperature across the radius of the sprayed surface of a skin model. These interior measurements along with an inverse heat conduction algorithm are used to determine the heat transferred at the surface. Results show that radial and temporal variations of the boundary conditions have a strong influence on the homogeneity of heat extraction from skin. However, there are subregions of uniform cooling. It is also observed that the surface heat flux undergoes a marked dynamic variation, with a maximum heat flux occurring at the center of the sprayed surface early in the spurt followed by a quick decrease. The study shows that external conditions must be taken into account and ideally controlled to guarantee uniform protection during CSC.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Stain transfer"

Crowley. L51778 Fiber Optic Strain Monitoring of Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010621.

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�The objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using fiber optic Bragg grating sensors (BGS) to measure axial and bending strain in pipes. Work was performed by McDermott Technology Inc. (MTI) and included BGS design and procurement. In addition to the pipe strain testing, a number of other evaluations were performed. Several methods were evaluated to protect and encapsulate the BGS, which are embedded inside an optical fiber, and strain transfer tests were performed on two of the encapsulation approaches. A high strain bending test to failure was performed on one BGS. A special test section was used to characterize the performance of the BGS and compare to standard electrical resistance foil strain gages.

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Glazer, Itamar, Randy Gaugler, Daniel Segal, Parwinder Grewal, Yitzhak Spiegel und Senthamizh Selvan. Genetic Enhancement of Environmental Stability and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7695833.bard.

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The overall obejctive of the research project was to enhance the intrinsic biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes through genetic manipulation. We have chosen heat and desiccation tolerance as prime traits to be enhanced in order to increase the overall efficacy of these nematodes against insect pests under harsh conditions. Initially, we used mutagenesis and selection approaches to enhance these traits. In the mutagenesis experiments several morphological mutants of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 were isolated and characterized phenotypically and genetically. Infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora HP88 were subjected to heat and desiccation selection regimes for several generations. Small increase was recorded, after 4 and 6 rearing cycles for both traits. However, in both selection regimes a significant deterioration in the reproductive capability of the nematodes was observed. In a screen of new nematode populations, from arid regions in Israel, a heat tolerant (IS5 strain) and desiccation tolerant (IS6 strain) were isolated. Both strains were taxonomically identified and their beneficial characteristics (environmental tolerance, insecticidal virulence and reproduction) were determined. We further investigated the stability of the enhanced heat tolerance trait in, and the storage capacity of, the newly discovered IS5 strain. Genetic studies demonstrated that the heat tolerance of the IS5 strain is genetically based and is dominant. The trait for heat tolerance was transferred from the IS5 strain to the HP88 strain of H. bacteriophora. The transfer was accomplished by allowing the heat tolerant strain (IS5) to mate with the commercial strain (HP88). The hybrid nature of the progeny was confirmed using a recessive marker mutant of the HP88 strain (H-dpy-2). We have used (RAPD-PCR) to compare genetic variation in the IS5 and the HP88 strains of H. baceriophora. The results indicated that genetic variation in the HP88 was significantly less than in the IS5 strain which was recently isolated from the field. The new IS5 strain may be used as an effective biological control agent in warm environments. In addition, IS5 can be used as a genetic source for cross-hybridization with other H. bacteriophora strains.

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Alexander, Chris, und Atul Ganpatye. PR652-203801-R03 Full-scale Testing to Evaluate the Performance of Large Standoff Magnetometry. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012203.

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This report documents the full-scale testing efforts undertaken to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of Large Standoff Magnetometry (LSM) technology from the perspective of quantifying stresses or strains in a pipeline subjected to geohazard loading conditions. The fundamental motivation behind this project is motivated by the need for developing LSM as a global non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to supplement the traditional approach for estimating pipeline curvature/strain in geohazard loading scenarios. The goal of the full-scale testing was to bend a representative, real-world pipe sample to predetermined loading/deflection levels, scan the bent pipe using LSM technologies from multiple vendors, and then compare the stress/strain results provided by the LSM results to those that are directly measured during the test - effectively validating the technology and increasing confidence in the use of LSM for pipeline curvature/strain measurement. The report discusses the basis of the design for the full-scale testing setup, measured data during the tests, and the LSM results provided by the two vendors (Speir Hunter and Transkor). The discussion provided in this document will be valuable for operators in understanding applicability, gaps, and potential improvements in the LSM technology in the context of curvature/strain estimation originating from geohazard loading conditions. Related webinar.

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Chell und Crouch. HIX1IYS Nonlinear Harmonic Based Mechanical Damage Severity for Delayed Failures in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011186.

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The objectives of the current work are to (1) provide an assessment of the capabilities of the nonlinear harmonic (NLH) method to detect gouged dents in pressurized pipelines; (2) rank the severity of the detected defects against delayed failure; (3) provide information related to the remaining lives of detected defects when fatigue damage from cyclic pressure changes is the time-dependent mechanism controlling delayed failure; and (4) transfer the developed NLHbased defect severity criteria to an inline inspection vendor, Tuboscope Pipeline Services. An ancillary objective is to assess the capability of NLH probes to detect strain anomalies produced by crack-like flaws in the outside surfaces of pressurized pipes. In this project, the assessment of the capabilities of NLH to detect and rank the severity of defects is based on the analysis of results obtained from NLH measurements performed over the inside surfaces of pressurized pipe sections containing gouged dents subjected to cyclic pressure changes (fatigue loading) that eventually resulted in failure (leakage) at defects, and NLH scans of statically pressurized pipes containing crack-like machined notches.

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Perl, Avichai, Bruce I. Reisch und Ofra Lotan. Transgenic Endochitinase Producing Grapevine for the Improvement of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator). United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568766.bard.

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The original objectives are listed below: 1. Design vectors for constitutive expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1. Design vectors with signal peptides to target gene expression. 2. Extend transformation/regeneration technology to other cultivars of importance in the U.S. and Israel. 3. Transform cultivars with the endochitinase constructs developed as part of objective 1. A. Characterize foliar powdery mildew resistance in transgenic plants. Background of the topic Conventional breeding of grapevines is a slow and imprecise process. The long generation cycle, large space requirements and poor understanding of grapevine genetics prevent rapid progress. There remains great need to improve existing important cultivars without the loss of identity that follows from hybridization. Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) is the most important fungal pathogen of grapevines, causing economic losses around the world. Genetic control of powdery mildew would reduce the requirement for chemical or cultural control of the disease. Yet, since the trait is under polygenic control, it is difficult to manipulate through hybridization and breeding. Also, because grapevines are heterozygous and vegetatively propagated cultivar identity is lost in the breeding process. Therefore, there is great need for techniques to produce transgenic versions of established cultivars with heterologous genes conferring disease resistance. Such a gene is now available for control of powdery mildew of grapevines. The protein coded by the Endochitinase gene, derived from Trichoderma harzianum, is very effective in suppressing U. necator growth. The goal of this proposal is to develop transgenic grapevines with this antifungal gene, and to test the effect of this gene on resistance to powdery mildew. Conclusions, achievements and implications Gene transfer technology for grape was developed using commercial cultivars for both wine and table grapes. It paved the way for a new tool in grapevine genetic studies enabling the alteration of specific important traits while maintaining the essential features of existing elite cultivars. Regeneration and transformation technologies were developed and are currently at an advanced stage for USA wine and Israeli seedless cultivars, representing the cutting edge of grape genetic engineering studies worldwide. Transgenic plants produced are tested for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and field experiments at both locations. It is our ultimate goal to develop transgenic grapes which will be more efficient and economical for growers to produce, while also providing consumers with familiar products grown with reduced chemical inputs.

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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai und Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.

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Ohad, Itzhak, und Himadri Pakrasi. Role of Cytochrome B559 in Photoinhibition. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613031.bard.

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The aim of this research project was to obtain information on the role of the cytochrome b559 in the function of Photosystem-II (PSII) with special emphasis on the light induced photo inactivation of PSII and turnover of the photochemical reaction center II protein subunit RCII-D1. The major goals of this project were: 1) Isolation and sequencing of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast psbE and psbF genes encoding the cytochrome b559 a and b subunits respectively; 2) Generation of site directed mutants and testing the effect of such mutation on the function of PSII under various light conditions; 3) To obtain further information on the mechanism of the light induced degradation and replacement of the PSII core proteins. This information shall serve as a basis for the understanding of the role of the cytochrome b559 in the process of photoinhibition and recovery of photosynthetic activity as well as during low light induced turnover of the D1 protein. Unlike in other organisms in which the psbE and psbF genes encoding the a and b subunits of cytochrome b559, are part of an operon which also includes the psbL and psbJ genes, in Chlamydomonas these genes are transcribed from different regions of the chloroplast chromosome. The charge distribution of the derived amino-acid sequences of psbE and psbF gene products differs from that of the corresponding genes in other organisms as far as the rule of "positive charge in" is concerned relative to the process of the polypeptide insertion in the thylakoid membrane. However, the sum of the charges of both subunits corresponds to the above rule possibly indicating co-insertion of both subunits in the process of cytochrome b559 assembly. A plasmid designed for the introduction of site-specific mutations into the psbF gene of C. reinhardtii. was constructed. The vector consists of a DNA fragment from the chromosome of C. reinhardtii which spans the region of the psbF gene, upstream of which the spectinomycin-resistance-conferring aadA cassette was inserted. This vector was successfully used to transform wild type C. reinhardtii cells. The spectinomycin resistant strain thus obtained can grow autotrophically and does not show significant changes as compared to the wild-type strain in PSII activity. The following mutations have been introduced in the psbF gene: H23M; H23Y; W19L and W19. The replacement of H23 involved in the heme binding to M and Y was meant to permit heme binding but eventually alter some or all of the electron transport properties of the mutated cytochrome. Tryptophane W19, a strictly conserved residue, is proximal to the heme and may interact with the tetrapyrole ring. Therefore its replacement may effect the heme properties. A change to tyrosine may have a lesser affect on the potential or electron transfer rate while a replacement of W19 by leucine is meant to introduce a more prominent disturbance in these parameters. Two of the mutants, FW19L and FH23M have segregated already and are homoplasmic. The rest are still grown under selection conditions until complete segregation will be obtained. All mutants contain assembled and functional PSII exhibiting an increased sensitivity of PSII to the light. Work is still in progress for the detailed characterization of the mutants PSII properties. A tobacco mutant, S6, obtained by Maliga and coworkers harboring the F26S mutation in the b subunit was made available to us and was characterized. Measurements of PSII charge separation and recombination, polypeptide content and electron flow indicates that this mutation indeed results in light sensitivity. Presently further work is in progress in the detailed characterization of the properties of all the above mutants. Information was obtained demonstrating that photoinactivation of PSII in vivo initiates a series of progressive changes in the properties of RCII which result in an irreversible modification of the RCII-D1 protein leading to its degradation and replacement. The cleavage process of the modified RCII-D1 protein is regulated by the occupancy of the QB site of RCII by plastoquinone. Newly synthesized D1 protein is not accumulated in a stable form unless integrated in reassembled RCII. Thus the degradation of the irreversibly modified RCII-D1 protein is essential for the recovery process. The light induced degradation of the RCII-D1 protein is rapid in mutants lacking the pD1 processing protease such as in the LF-1 mutant of the unicellular alga Scenedesmus obliquus. In this case the Mn binding site of PSII is abolished, the water oxidation process is inhibited and harmful cation radicals are formed following light induced electron flow in PSII. In such mutants photo-inactivation of PSII is rapid, it is not protected by ligands binding at the QB site and the degradation of the inactivated RCII-D1 occurs rapidly also in the dark. Furthermore the degraded D1 protein can be replaced in the dark in absence of light driven redox controlled reactions. The replacement of the RCII-D1 protein involves the de novo synthesis of the precursor protein, pD1, and its processing at the C-terminus end by an unknown processing protease. In the frame of this work, a gene previously isolated and sequenced by Dr. Pakrasi's group has been identified as encoding the RCII-pD1 C-terminus processing protease in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The deduced sequence of the ctpA protein shows significant similarity to the bovine, human and insect interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding proteins. Results obtained using C. reinhardtii cells exposes to low light or series of single turnover light flashes have been also obtained indicating that the process of RCII-D1 protein turnover under non-photoinactivating conditions (low light) may be related to charge recombination in RCII due to back electron flow from the semiquinone QB- to the oxidised S2,3 states of the Mn cluster involved in the water oxidation process.

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Yedidia, I., H. Senderowitz und A. O. Charkowski. Small molecule cocktails designed to impair virulence targets in soft rot Erwinias. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134165.bard.

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Chemical signaling between beneficial or pathogenic bacteria and plants is a central factor in determining the outcome of plant-microbe interactions. Pectobacterium and Dickeya (soft rot Erwinias) are the major cause of soft rot, stem rot, and blackleg formed on potato and ornamentals, currently with no effective control. Our major aim was to establish and study specific bacterial genes/proteins as targets for anti-virulence compounds, by combining drug design tools and bioinformatics with experimental work. The approach allowed us to identify and test compounds (small molecules) that specifically interfere with the activities of these targets, by this impairing bacterial virulence. Two main targets were selected within the frame of the BARD project. The first is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) that have been characterized here for the first time in Pectobacteriaceae, and the second is the quorum sensing (QS) machinery of Pectobacterium with its major proteins and in particular, the AHL synthase ExpI that was identified as the preferred target for inhibition. Both systems are strongly associated with bacterial virulence and survival in planta. We found that Pectobacteriaceae, namely Dickeya and Pectobacterium, encode more ABC transporters and MCP in their genomes, compared to other bacteria in the order. For MCP, soft rot Pectobacteriaceae not only contain more than 30 MCP genes per strain, but also have more diverse ligand binding domains than other species in the Enterobacteriales. These findings suggest that both ABC transporters and MCP are important for soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogenicity. We now have a selection of mutants in these proteins that may be further explored to understand their direct involvement in virulence. In parallel, we studied the QS central proteins in pectobacteria, the signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactone synthase, ExpI, and the response regulator ExpR, and established their phylogenetic relations within plant pathogenic Gram negative bacteria. Next, these proteins were used for virtual screening of millions of compounds in order to discover new compounds with potential to interfere with the QS machinery. Several natural compounds were tested for their interference with virulence related traits in Pectobacterium and their capability to minimize soft rot infections. Our findings using microcalorimetric binding studies have established for the first time direct interaction between the protein ExpI and two natural ligands, the plant hormone salicylic acid and the volatile compound carvacrol. These results supported a model by which plants interfere with bacterial communication through interkingdom signaling. The collaborative project yielded two research papers and a comprehensive review, which included new computational and bioinformatics data, in Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., the highest ranked journal in phytopathology. Additional two papers are in preparation. In order to transform the fundamental knowledge that have been gained during this collaborative BARD project into agricultural practice, to control soft rot bacteria, we have submitted a continual project.

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Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman und Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.

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Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.

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STRESS RESPONSE AND INITIAL STIFFNESS OF SIDE PLATE CONNECTIONS TO WCFT COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.9.

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To study the mechanism of load transfer in double-side-plate connections between I-beams and wall-type concrete-filled steel tubular columns, a pseudo-static experiment and finite element analysis were conducted for two full-scaled specimens. The results revealed that the primary load was transmitted along an S-shaped path in the side plate, and the primary strain occurred in an X-shaped region between the left and right steel beam flanges. The shear force in the steel beam web was transmitted first to the side plate centre and then to the joint area, where the side plate, steel tube web, and concrete all resisted the internal force. Based on principal component methods, a calculation formula was established for initial rotational stiffness that comprehensively considers the influence of the tensions, compression, and shear deformation of the cover plate, side plate, and web. Comparing this formula with an existing model showed that the proposed formula is suitable for new types of side plate joints. Moreover, it can accurately calculate the initial rotational stiffness of the joint, thus providing a reliable basis for future engineering design.

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