Inhaltsverzeichnis
Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Stable isotopic tracing“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
Orlowski, N., P. Kraft und L. Breuer. „Exploring water cycle dynamics through sampling multitude stable water isotope pools in a small developed landscape of Germany“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, Nr. 2 (06.02.2015): 1809–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1809-2015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract. Conducting a dual stable water isotope (δ2H and δ18O) study in the developed landscape of the Schwingbach catchment (Germany) helped to unravel connectivity and disconnectivity between the different water cycle components. The two-year weekly to biweekly measurements of precipitation, stream, and groundwater isotopes revealed that surface and groundwater are decoupled from the annual precipitation cycle but showed bidirectional interactions between each other. Seasonal variations based on temperature effects were observed in the precipitation signal but neither reflected in stream nor in groundwater isotopic signatures. Apparently, snowmelt played a fundamental role for groundwater recharge explaining the observed differences to precipitation δ-values. A spatially distributed snapshot sampling of soil water isotopes in two soil depths at 52 sampling points across different land uses (arable land, forest, and grassland) revealed that top soil isotopic signatures were similar to the precipitation input signal. Preferential water flow paths occurred under forested soils explaining the isotopic similarities between top and subsoil isotopic signatures. Due to human-impacted agricultural land use (tilling and compression) of arable and grassland soils, water delivery to the deeper soil layers was reduced, resulting in significant different isotopic signatures. However, the land use influence smoothed out with depth and soil water approached groundwater δ-values. Seasonally tracing stable water isotopes through soil profiles showed that the influence of new percolating soil water decreased with depth as no remarkable seasonality in soil isotopic signatures was obvious at depth > 0.9 m and constant values were observed through space and time. Little variation in individual isotope time series of stream and groundwater restricted the use of classical isotope hydrology techniques e.g. mean transit time estimation or hydrograph separation. Still, tracing stable water isotopes through the water cycle was valuable for determining interactions between different water cycle components and gaining catchment specific process understanding in a developed, human-impacted landscape.
2
Sare, David T. J., John S. Millar und Frederick J. Longstaffe. „Tracing dietary protein in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, Nr. 5 (01.05.2005): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We examined the stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in a small mammal, the red-backed vole (Clethroinomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), to determine if isotope signatures reflect diet composition. Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios in tissues from voles maintained on different protein levels in the laboratory were compared with wild-trapped voles. The isotopic fractionation of dietary nitrogen and carbon was also examined as food was digested in the stomach, incorporated into bone collagen, bioapatite, and hair, and excreted as feces. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes were fractionated differently depending on the isotopic composition and protein content of the diet. δ15N and δ13C values appear to be influenced by factors in addition to diet, such as macronutrients metabolized for respiration, metabolic rate, and periods of protein shortage.
3
Orlowski, Natalie, Philipp Kraft, Jakob Pferdmenges und Lutz Breuer. „Exploring water cycle dynamics by sampling multiple stable water isotope pools in a developed landscape in Germany“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, Nr. 9 (20.09.2016): 3873–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3873-2016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract. A dual stable water isotope (δ2H and δ18O) study was conducted in the developed (managed) landscape of the Schwingbach catchment (Germany). The 2-year weekly to biweekly measurements of precipitation, stream, and groundwater isotopes revealed that surface and groundwater are isotopically disconnected from the annual precipitation cycle but showed bidirectional interactions between each other. Apparently, snowmelt played a fundamental role for groundwater recharge explaining the observed differences to precipitation δ values. A spatially distributed snapshot sampling of soil water isotopes at two soil depths at 52 sampling points across different land uses (arable land, forest, and grassland) revealed that topsoil isotopic signatures were similar to the precipitation input signal. Preferential water flow paths occurred under forested soils, explaining the isotopic similarities between top- and subsoil isotopic signatures. Due to human-impacted agricultural land use (tilling and compression) of arable and grassland soils, water delivery to the deeper soil layers was reduced, resulting in significant different isotopic signatures. However, the land use influence became less pronounced with depth and soil water approached groundwater δ values. Seasonally tracing stable water isotopes through soil profiles showed that the influence of new percolating soil water decreased with depth as no remarkable seasonality in soil isotopic signatures was obvious at depths > 0.9 m and constant values were observed through space and time. Since classic isotope evaluation methods such as transfer-function-based mean transit time calculations did not provide a good fit between the observed and calculated data, we established a hydrological model to estimate spatially distributed groundwater ages and flow directions within the Vollnkirchener Bach subcatchment. Our model revealed that complex age dynamics exist within the subcatchment and that much of the runoff must has been stored for much longer than event water (average water age is 16 years). Tracing stable water isotopes through the water cycle in combination with our hydrological model was valuable for determining interactions between different water cycle components and unravelling age dynamics within the study area. This knowledge can further improve catchment-specific process understanding of developed, human-impacted landscapes.
4
Mazariegos, Junior G., Jennifer C. Walker, Xiaomei Xu und Claudia I. Czimczik. „Tracing Artificially Recharged Groundwater using Water and Carbon Isotopes“. Radiocarbon 59, Nr. 2 (11.08.2016): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.51.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractWe conducted an isotopic analysis of groundwater in Orange County, California, USA, around the Talbert Seawater Injection Barrier to determine if recycled water, used to artificially recharge local aquifers, carries a unique isotopic signature that can be used as a tracer. From September 2014 to April 2015, we collected groundwater from six privately owned wells within the coastal groundwater basin, along with various surface waters. All water samples were analyzed for their stable isotopic composition (δ18O, δD), the δ13C and 14C signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool, DIC concentration, pH, and salinity. The DIC of groundwater mixing with recycled water is enriched in 14C above natural background levels, with varying signal strength through time, depleted in δ13C, and low in DIC concentration. Water isotopes further suggest that recycled water is a mixture of Colorado River water and regional groundwater. In contrast, groundwater found further away from the injection barrier has carbon and water isotope composition consistent with regional groundwater and Santa Ana River water. Our findings imply that recycled water injected through the Talbert Barrier is isotopically unique, and that 14C enrichment may be used as an intrinsic tracer of artificial recharge within the basin.
5
Gulson, Brian, und Herbert Wong. „Stable Isotopic Tracing—A Way Forward for Nanotechnology“. Environmental Health Perspectives 114, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2006): 1486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9277.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Zhang, Mengnan, Xiaoqian Li, Xuxue Cheng, Xinfeng Wang, Mian Song, Xiaoyan Wang und Xuemei Ma. „Isotopic Tracing of Perchlorate Sources in the Environment“. Journal of Chemistry 2021 (18.10.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9978489.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Perchlorate (ClO4−) is an emerging persistent pollutant that is ubiquitous in the environment at trace concentrations. Perchlorate ingestion poses a risk to human health because it interferes with thyroidal hormone production. The identification of perchlorate sources in groundwater is a primary concern. Chlorine and multi-oxygen isotopic tracing of perchlorate (δ37Cl, 36Cl/Cl, δ18O, and Δ17O) can provide a unique tool for identifying the origin and transport of perchlorate in groundwater. Along with the kinetic fractionation of chlorine and oxygen isotopes, the Δ17O value, 36Cl/Cl ratio, and ε18O/ε37Cl (the fractionation coefficient of oxygen and chlorine isotopes) are constant, potentially indicating the biodegradation of perchlorate, without disguising its source information. Therefore, comprehensive characterization of stable chlorine and poly-oxygen isotopes is expected to provide direct evidence for identifying the source of perchlorate in groundwater. However, further studies are needed to increase the amount of isotopic data of different perchlorate sources, to make the end-member model available to broader regions. It is critically important to understand the range of values and differences of isotopes among natural perchlorate sources and the perchlorate formation mechanisms.
7
McNicol, Gavin, Zhongjie Yu, Z. Carter Berry, Nathan Emery, Fiona M. Soper und Wendy H. Yang. „Tracing plant–environment interactions from organismal to planetary scales using stable isotopes: a mini review“. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (26.02.2021): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20200277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Natural isotope variation forms a mosaic of isotopically distinct pools across the biosphere and flows between pools integrate plant ecology with global biogeochemical cycling. Carbon, nitrogen, and water isotopic ratios (among others) can be measured in plant tissues, at root and foliar interfaces, and in adjacent atmospheric, water, and soil environments. Natural abundance isotopes provide ecological insight to complement and enhance biogeochemical research, such as understanding the physiological conditions during photosynthetic assimilation (e.g. water stress) or the contribution of unusual plant water or nutrient sources (e.g. fog, foliar deposition). While foundational concepts and methods have endured through four decades of research, technological improvements that enable measurement at fine spatiotemporal scales, of multiple isotopes, and of isotopomers, are advancing the field of stable isotope ecology. For example, isotope studies now benefit from the maturation of field-portable infrared spectroscopy, which allows the exploration of plant–environment sensitivity at physiological timescales. Isotope ecology is also benefiting from, and contributing to, new understanding of the plant–soil–atmosphere system, such as improving the representation of soil carbon pools and turnover in land surface models. At larger Earth-system scales, a maturing global coverage of isotope data and new data from site networks offer exciting synthesis opportunities to merge the insights of single-or multi-isotope analysis with ecosystem and remote sensing data in a data-driven modeling framework, to create geospatial isotope products essential for studies of global environmental change.
8
El Shami, Mohamad, Milan Savani, Lauren Gattie, William Hicks, Timothy Richardson, Samuel McBrayer und Kalil Abdullah. „TMET-28. A METHOD FOR EX VIVO STABLE ISOTOPE TRACING IN SURGICALLY EXPLANTED GLIOMA ORGANOIDS“. Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (01.11.2022): vii267—vii268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Stable isotope tracing is a powerful method for elucidating tumor metabolism. While in vivo stable isotope tracing is one of the most faithful approaches for studying metabolic activity under pathophysiologically relevant conditions, this method is technically challenging and costly to perform. We therefore sought to optimize an ex vivo stable isotope tracing approach under conditions that recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on three key features: cellular heterogeneity, nutrient availability, and oxygenation. Surgically eXplanted Organoids (SXOs) are 3-dimensional glioma models that retain the diverse cell populations in human brain tumors. We tested whether glioma SXOs can be cultured in Human Plasma-Like Medium (HPLM) under brain-relevant oxygen levels (5%) for the purpose of stable isotope tracing. We cultured SXOs in conventional media, HPLM for 24 hours, or HPLM for 120 hours under 5% oxygen. We observed no significant differences in markers of tumor architecture, cellular proliferation rates, or stemness profiles. We then performed stable isotope tracing in SXOs cultured in HLPM at 5% oxygen. We acclimated SXOs to HPLM for 24 hours or 120 hours before replacing media with either HPLM (unlabeled) or HPLM with 15N2 glutamine (labeled). 15N isotopic labeling patterns in various metabolites were compared between the 24- and 120-hour conditions by linear regression. These patterns were strongly concordant over time (r2 = 0.9544), indicating that steady-state metabolic fluxes are stable in these cultures. We then analyzed intermediates that occupy key nodes in amino acid metabolism, redox homeostasis, and nucleotide synthesis pathways and found similarly strong concordance between labeling patterns at the individual metabolite level. Our findings outline an effective approach for conducting ex vivo stable isotope tracing in heterocellular glioma models under conditions that mimic the TME. This approach may complement and enhance analogous in vivo methods to provide new insights into glioma metabolism.
9
Fiket, Željka, Martina Furdek Turk, Maja Ivanić und Goran Kniewald. „Non-traditional stable isotope signatures in geological matrices as a tool for interpreting environmental changes – a review“. Geologia Croatica 74, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2021.12.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The development of new analytical techniques enabled the precise determination of the expanded set of stable isotopes and provided new insight into existing geological issues. This review outlines recent studies of non-traditional isotope signatures in geological matrices, summarizing in one place, new data for the stable isotopes of Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Ni, Cr, and Cu and their application in the interpretation of environmental processes. Although some, such as δ44Ca and δ26Mg, have previously been used to track changes in seawater chemistry throughout geological history, recent studies report their application as geochemical proxies of post-depositional processes. Similarly, isotopic signatures of strontium, previously used in radioactive isotope chronology, and δ7Li, used in tracing plate subduction and crust/mantle material cycling, found a new application in studies of weathering patterns. The use of δ53Cr and δ 65Cu isotope signatures, on the other hand, reflects their fractionation under different redox conditions, whereas δ60Ni, due to its adsorption and co-precipitation with sulfide species and Fe-Mn phases, is used in interpreting the contributions of different material sources. And while the isotopic signatures of all these elements indicate certain environmental conditions and processes (e.g. post-depositional processes, redox conditions, organic matter input, the contribution of sources, etc.), by combining them a more comprehensive insight into the investigated environment can be achieved.
10
Banda, Limbikani C., Michael O. Rivett, Anold S. K. Zavison, Sydney Kamtukule und Robert M. Kalin. „National Stable Isotope Baseline for Precipitation in Malawi to Underpin Integrated Water Resources Management“. Water 13, Nr. 14 (13.07.2021): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the resurgence of water-isotope tracing applications for Integrated Water Resource Management in developing countries, establishing a stable isotopic baseline is necessary. Developing countries, including Malawi, continue to struggle with the generation of consistent and long-term isotopic datasets due to non-existent or inadequate in-country water-isotope capacity. Malawi has made significant advances in its quest to establish a stable isotopic baseline through the establishment of the Malawi Network of Isotope in Precipitation. This study provides the first results for the isotopic characterization of precipitation in Malawi with a view to reinforcing understanding of the country’s hydrological cycle. Error-in-variables regression defined a Local Meteoric Water Line as δ2H = 8.0 (±0.3) δ18O + 13.0 (±2.0) using stable isotopic records of 37 monthly samples from 5 stations between 2014 and 2019. Local precipitation (isotopic composition) is consistent with global precipitation expectations, its condensation-forming process occurring under equilibrium conditions and a higher intercept (d-excess) above the 10‰ for Global Meteoric Water Line, implying that air moisture recycling significantly influences local precipitation. Wider variations observed in local precipitation isotopic signatures are largely attributed to different moisture-bearing systems and diverse geographic factors across the country. Additional stations are recommended to improve spatial coverage that, together with longer temporal records, may help understanding and resolving uncertainties such as the altitude effect. This pioneering study is expected to facilitate Malawi’s ambition to achieve integrated use and improved protection of its surface water and groundwater resources in response to mounting climate change, growing population and land-development concerns.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
Cousineau, Mélanie L. „Tracing Biogeochemical Processes Using Sulfur Stable Isotopes: Two Novel Applications“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Dissimilatory microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) The specific objectives of the study were to provide the first measurements of sulfur isotope fractionation associated with acidophilic sulfate reducing-microorganisms, and to examine whether pH influences sulfur fractionation during MSR. The fractionation associated with the strains investigated was comparable to that of neutrophilic strains with similar metabolisms (4-12‰), but varied with pH. Two fractionation regimes were identified: one regime is consistent with fractionation during exponential growth, while the other – not identified previously - is not linked to active sulfate reduction and may result from internal sulfate accumulation. This would represent the first measurement of sulfur fractionation during sulfate uptake, the first step of MSR. Geological processes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary The KPg boundary is associated with one of the largest biological extinctions in the history of our planet. Two major geologic events - the Chicxulub bolide impact with evaporite terrane and the eruption of the Deccan continental flood basalts - coincide with the KPg boundary and have been identified as possible triggers for the extinctions, but their relative timing remains unresolved. The objectives of this study were to identify the contribution of these processes to the sulfur burden in the sedimentary environment of two freshwater KPg sections, and to determine their relative timing. The results demonstrate that the peak of Deccan volcanism post-dates the Chicxulub impact and the associated abrupt KPg mass extinction, thus precluding a direct volcanic causal mechanism, but shedding light on the underlying causes for the delayed recovery of ecosystems in the early Paleogene.
2
Laycock, Adam John. „Stable isotope tracing of engineered nanoparticles“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43853.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used in consumer products due to their novel properties. Consequently, concerns have been raised over the potential hazards that these materials may present as a result of their release into the natural environment. This has prompted numerous investigations into the environmental behavior, transport and fate of engineered NPs. Importantly the predicted environmental concentrations of these materials is often x10 to x100 lower than the natural background levels of the element. Many studies overcome this problem with the use of high dosing concentrations, however this raises concerns regarding environmental relevance. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates how stable isotope tracing enables the accurate detection and quantification of engineered NPs in complex biological samples even when exposures are performed at low and environmentally relevant concentrations. This thesis focuses on three of the most prominent commercially available NPs; ZnO, CeO2 and Ag, and covers all aspects of the application of stable isotope labeling and tracing for these materials. This includes; (i) an assessment and evaluation of the technique for application with CeO2 NPs, including the development of chemical separation and mass spectrometric methods for an environmental tracer study, (ii) the assessment of a synthesis protocol for the production of isotopically labeled Ag NPs, and (iii) two environmental tracer studies to assess the uptake and loss of Zn from ZnO NPs by an estuarine snail and earthworm.
3
Sampaio, Leandro José Ribeiro Torres. „Tracing coastal organic enrichment: stable isotopes and biotic indices“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/975.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Doutoramento em BiologiaNeste trabalho foi efectuada uma avaliação integrada usando descritores sedimentares e biológicos ao nível da espécie e da comunidade e índices bióticos de síntese para o traçamento do enriquecimento orgânico numa região, com características dispersivas, da costa Oeste de Portugal. Na área estudada existem gradientes ambientais e biológicos relacionados com a heterogeneidade da paisagem sedimentar, a qual inclui sedimentos desde areias finas limpas a vasas. Contudo, na área próxima do emissário, esta paisagem é mais homogénea e constituída por areia fina com baixo teor em finos. Nesta região, alguns dos descritores estudados deram uma indicação coerente de alterações ambientais associadas ao enriquecimento orgânico. O potencial de oxidação - redução mostrou valores negativos até 250 m do emissário, o que indicia que a degradação da matéria orgânica que entra no sistema cria condições reduzidas no sedimento. Os isótopos estáveis de carbono e azoto no sedimento diferenciam a área mais próxima do emissário, que apresenta uma depleção de acordo com uma origem terrestre da matéria orgânica naquela parte da plataforma. Uma imagem similar foi obtida pela análise dos isótopos estáveis na macrofauna que diagnosticou a origem terrestre da matéria orgânica consumida. A composição específica e a abundância das comunidades bentónicas também são significativamente diferentes junto ao emissário, onde são dominadas por espécies oportunistas, tolerantes ao enriquecimento orgânico. No entanto, os índices bióticos em validação no âmbito da implementação da Directiva Quadro da Água, não foram eficientes a mostrar as alterações bentónicas associadas ao enriquecimento orgânico apesar de alguns índices se basearem nos limiares de tolerância/sensibilidade a este tipo de perturbação. Apesar deste caso de estudo reflectir um enriquecimento orgânico moderado, uma vez que não foram detectadas alterações sedimentares ou acumulação de matéria orgânica, nem um significativo empobrecimento das comunidades biológicas junto ao emissário, a análise ao nível dos índices bióticos de síntese pode levar à perda de informação essencial e, portanto, prejudicar a nossa capacidade de diagnóstico devendo ser usados com cuidado. A análise do conjunto de dados da composição específica forneceu uma imagem mais precisa da perturbação ambiental e descritores específicos, tais como os isótopos estáveis, permitiram uma melhor compreensão da extensão espacial do enriquecimento orgânico.
In this work, an integrated assessment was conducted using sedimentary and biological descriptors at the species and community level and synthesis biotic indices to trace organic enrichment in a dispersive area on the West coast of Portugal. In the study area there are environmental and biological gradients related to the heterogeneity of the sedimentary seascape, which includes sediment from clean fine sand to mud. However, in the area close to the outfall, this seascape is more uniform and composed of fine sand with low fines content. In this region, some of the descriptors analysed gave a coherent indication of the environmental alterations associated with organic enrichment. The redox potential showed negative values up to 250 m from the outfall, indicating that the degradation of the organic matter input into this system is creating reduced conditions in the sediment. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the sediment differentiated the area closest to the outfall, presenting a depletion according to a terrestrial origin of the organic matter in that part of the shelf. A similar image was obtained with the stable isotope analysis performed on the macrofauna diagnosing a terrestrial origin of organic matter consumed. The benthic community species composition and abundance were also significantly different in the area closest to the outfall, where it was dominated by opportunist species, tolerant to organic enrichment. Nevertheless, biotic indices in the process of validation for the implementation of the Water framework Directive were not effective at showing benthic alterations associated with organic enrichment despite some being based on species tolerance/sensitivity thresholds to this type of disturbance. Although this case study may reflect mild organic enrichment, given that no physical sediment alterations nor organic accumulation were detected, and that no significant impoverishment of the benthic community was detected close to the outfall, the analysis performed at the level of the synthesis biotic indices may cause essential information to be lost and hence, impair our diagnostic capability and should be used with care. The analysis of the full species composition data set gave a more valuable picture of the environmental disruption and specific descriptors such as stable isotopes allowed a better understanding of the organic enrichment spatial extent.
4
Daley, Timothy James. „Tracking holocene climate change using peat bog stable isotopes“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443040.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Guiry, Eric. „Tracing colonial animal trade and husbandry using stable isotope analyses“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59276.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Domestic animals, particularly cattle and pigs, were a cornerstone of European colonial projects around the globe (ca. 1500-1900 AD). Livestock husbandry and trade provided not only a source of food, labour, and raw materials for daily life, but also held symbolic significance as a factor in establishing colonial group identity. This dissertation uses stable isotope analyses to reconstruct domestic animal trade and husbandry practices associated with the global expansion of European colonial activities into the New World between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Research has been divided into three standalone projects, each designed to make a significant contribution to the current literature in the field of isotopic-zooarchaeological analyses. These projects are unified through a common theme of exploring the social roles of animal husbandry and trade and, together, provide a cohesive demonstration of how historical and isotopic faunal records can be integrated to advance archaeological interpretations of human-animal interactions. Paper 1 presents the first stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope study of faunal remains from the unique archaeological context of a shipwreck (the William Salthouse, sunk in 1841), which provides an outstanding opportunity to assess how faunal isotopic patterns at archaeological consumption sites would be influenced by inclusion of animal products acquired through long-distance transportation. Paper 2 presents a stable carbon and nitrogen isotope study of domestic livestock and meat trade in nineteenth-century Upper Canada (now Ontario). This is the first large-scale isotopic analysis of historical faunal remains in North America and shows how consumption of foreign and local animal products can be linked with different groups of people to reveal social dimensions of meat trade in urban settings. Paper 3 presents stable carbon and nitrogen analyses of faunal remains for the seventeenth-century shipwreck La Belle, associated with La Salle’s famous attempt to colonize the mouth of the Mississippi River. This study reconstructs pig husbandry practices in the context of detailed firsthand historical accounts to show that for La Salle’s colonists, domestic animal husbandry likely reflected significant cultural importance, rather than economic and subsistence factors.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
6
Bristow, Laura Anne. „Tracing Nitrogen Flows Across the Southern North Sea : A Stable Isotope Approach“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514268.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Larner, Fiona Claire. „Novel applications of stable isotope tracing methods in biomedical and environmental sciences“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14768.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The use of multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for trace element stable isotope ratio analysis has been well established within geochemistry since its conception. The utilization of this high precision technique has since progressed to some environmental applications; however, the use of this tool in biological and biomedical work is limited to few studies. The aim of this thesis is to establish viable techniques to enable high precision isotope analyses of Cu and Zn in biological media, and demonstrate these methods via several collaborative pilot studies across biomedicine and ecotoxicology. For this, a new method for the separation of copper from biological materials to enable accurate and precise Cu isotope analyses (±0.10 ‰) has been developed. This has been applied to a study that, with the use of a 65Cu enriched stable isotope tracer, shows that abnormalities of the human copper metabolism exist in those with Parkinson’s disease. The first Zn isotope analyses of various engineered ZnO nanomaterials (NMs) has been performed, which in conjunction with an extensive literature survey and modelling studies, has shown that highly selective and sensitive detection of ZnO NMs can only be achieved with the use of purpose made isotopically labelled ZnO NMs. This is in part due to the high natural background levels of this element and relatively low Zn concentrations involved in ecotoxicologically relevant exposures. This concept has been successfully implemented to investigate ZnO NM uptake by an estuarine invertebrate, and has shown that Zn from ZnO nanoparticles is bioavailable to these organisms. These pilot studies have shown that there is vast scope for high precision isotope analyses of trace metals in life sciences, and support the transition of such investigations to full-scale studies.
8
Dethloff, Frederik. „In vivo 13C stable isotope tracing of single leaf development in the cold“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7048/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Measuring the metabolite profile of plants can be a strong phenotyping tool, but the changes of metabolite pool sizes are often difficult to interpret, not least because metabolite pool sizes may stay constant while carbon flows are altered and vice versa. Hence, measuring the carbon allocation of metabolites enables a better understanding of the metabolic phenotype. The main challenge of such measurements is the in vivo integration of a stable or radioactive label into a plant without perturbation of the system.
To follow the carbon flow of a precursor metabolite, a method is developed in this work that is based on metabolite profiling of primary metabolites measured with a mass spectrometer preceded by a gas chromatograph (Wagner et al. 2003; Erban et al. 2007; Dethloff et al. submitted). This method generates stable isotope profiling data, besides conventional metabolite profiling data. In order to allow the feeding of a 13C sucrose solution into the plant, a petiole and a hypocotyl feeding assay are developed. To enable the processing of large numbers of single leaf samples, their preparation and extraction are simplified and optimised. The metabolite profiles of primary metabolites are measured, and a simple relative calculation is done to gain information on carbon allocation from 13C sucrose.
This method is tested examining single leaves of one rosette in different developmental stages, both metabolically and regarding carbon allocation from 13C sucrose. It is revealed that some metabolite pool sizes and 13C pools are tightly associated to relative leaf growth, i.e. to the developmental stage of the leaf. Fumaric acid turns out to be the most interesting candidate for further studies because pool size and 13C pool diverge considerably. In addition, the analyses are also performed on plants grown in the cold, and the initial results show a different metabolite pool size pattern across single leaves of one Arabidopsis rosette, compared to the plants grown under normal temperatures. Lastly, in situ expression of REIL genes in the cold is examined using promotor-GUS plants. Initial results suggest that single leaf metabolite profiles of reil2 differ from those of the WT.Messungen des pflanzlichen Metaboloms können ein hilfreiches Werkzeug sein, um Pflanzen zu phänotypisieren. Jedoch sind die Änderungen der Poolgrößen teilweise schwer zu interpretieren, weil sich nicht nur die Poolgrößen sondern auch die Kohlenstoffflüsse unabhängig voneinander ändern können. Werden nun zusätzlich Informationen über die Flüsse ermittelt, kann der pflanzliche Phänotyp deutlich genauer beschrieben werden. Die größte Herausforderung für diese Messungen ist die In-vivo-Integration einer stabilen oder radioaktiven Markierung in einer Pflanze, ohne das System dabei zu stören. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren entwickelt, um die Verteilung von Kohlenstoffen aus einer gefütterten Vorstufe zu messen. Die Messung basiert dabei auf einem Primärmetabolitenprofil, das mit Hilfe eines Massenspektrometers mit vorgeschaltetem Gaschromatographen erstellt wird (Wagner et al. 2003; Erban et al. 2007; Dethloff et al. eingereicht). Mit dieser Methode ist es einfach möglich, stabile Isotopenprofildaten neben herkömmlichen Metabolitprofildaten zu erzeugen. Die Vorstufe, in diesem Fall 13C Saccharose, wird dazu mit Hilfe eines neuen Petiolen- und Hypokotyl-Fütterungs-Assay in die Pflanze gefüttert. Um die große Menge an Einzelblattproben aufzuarbeiten, die dabei anfallen, wird eine vereinfachte und optimierte Extraktion angewendet. Mit Hilfe einer einfachen Berechnung kann aus den Messdaten eine relative Verteilung des Kohlenstoffs aus 13C Saccharose bestimmt werden. Die Funktionalität dieses Verfahrens wird an Einzelblättern von Arabidopsis-Rosetten gezeigt, wobei sowohl Primärmetabolitenprofile als auch stabile Isotopenprofile erzeugt und untersucht werden. Es kann hierbei gezeigt werden, dass konventionelle Poolgrößen und 13C Poolgrößen einiger Metaboliten eng mit dem relativen Wachstum einzelner Blattpositionen bzw. mit dem jeweiligen Entwicklungsstadium der Blätter zusammenhängen. Anders als bei den meisten anderen Metaboliten zeigen die konventionellen Poolgrößen und 13C Poolgrößen von Fumarsäure ein unterschiedliches Verhalten in den einzelnen Blättern, was Fumarsäure zum interessantesten Kandidaten für weitere Studien macht. Die beschriebenen Untersuchungen werden weiterhin an in Kälte gewachsenen Pflanzen durchgeführt, wobei erste Ergebnisse ein verändertes Metabolitenprofil in den einzelnen Blättern zeigen. Des Weiteren wird die In-situ-Expression von REIL-Genen mit Hilfe von Promotor-GUS-Reportern untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse von Einzelblatt-Metabolitenprofilen der reil2 zeigen einen deutlichen Unterschied zum WT.
9
Medini, Salim. „Traçage géographique des huiles d’olive par les isotopes du Sr : développement analytique et application aux huiles AOP de Nîmes“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4306/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Depuis de nombreuses années, une approche a été mise en œuvre reposant sur l'identification de l'origine géographique d'un produit agro-alimentaire via la connaissance de ses isotopes du Sr, notamment via l'analyse du rapport 87Sr/86Sr. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'appliquer cette stratégie de reconnaissance aux huiles d'olive, en s'appuyant sur la production des huiles AOP de Nîmes dans le Sud de la France (Gard). La viscosité, la charge organique élevée, la teneur faible en Sr de cette matrice, rendent néanmoins inadaptés les protocoles de purification du Sr existants. La première approche de l'étude correspond donc à la définition et à la validation d'une méthode de traitement des huiles d'olive en vue de la purification du Sr afin de procéder à l'analyse de sa composition isotopique (CI). La seconde partie de l'étude est consacrée à la définition des processus d'assimilation et de transfert du Sr dans l'olivier. Cette approche, menée grâce à une étude détaillée d'un des moulins AOP de Nîmes, a permis de démontrer que le transfert du Sr des sols vers l'olivier et au sein des oliviers se fait sans fractionnement isotopique.La dernière partie de l'étude s'appuie sur la mesure et la caractérisation des rapports isotopiques 87Sr/86Sr des dix huiles d'olive AOP de Nîmes, et une comparaison de cette signature avec celle des formations géologiques sur lesquelles reposent les parcelles de culture. L'identité de la CI huile-territoire de culture a permis de conclure, dans le contexte de production de l'huile d'olive AOP de Nîmes, que les isotopes du Sr constituent un très bon outil de traçage de l'origine géographique des produits oléicolesFor many years, an approach based on the identification of the geographical origin for food product has been implemented through the knowledge of its Sr isotopes, particularly through the analysis of 87Sr / 86Sr ratio. The objective of this thesis is to develop a similar strategy for the olive oils, from the example of PDO Nimes (Gard), in southern France. A specific methodology is necessary since the existing purification protocols of Sr revealed themselves inadequate because of viscosity, high organic load, low Sr content of this matrix In order to proceed to the analysis of the isotopic composition (IC), the first part of the study highlights the definition and validation of a specific method for the treatment of olive oils and strontium purification. The second part of the study is dedicated to expose the processes of assimilation and transfer of strontium into the olive tree. This approach, conducted through a detailed study of one of Nîmes PDO mills, demonstrated that the transfer of strontium from soils to olive tree, and within the olive tree, occurs without isotope fractionation.The last part of the manuscript studies the isotopic ratios 87Sr / 86Sr of the ten PDO olive oils of Nimes and consists in a comparison of this signature with the geological formations underlying the cultivation soils. This approach allows discussing quality of Sr isotopic tool in the geographical recognition of the olive products. The observed similarity between th IC from oils and soil allow us to conclude that, in this context of production, the Sr isotopes are a efficient tool to trace and certify the geographical origin of the oil
10
Schollaen, Karina. „Tracking climate signals in tropical trees : new insights from Indonesian stable isotope records“. Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7194/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The tropical warm pool waters surrounding Indonesia are one of the equatorial heat and moisture sources that are considered as a driving force of the global climate system. The climate in Indonesia is dominated by the equatorial monsoon system, and has been linked to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which often result in severe droughts or floods over Indonesia with profound societal and economic impacts on the populations living in the world's fourth most populated country. The latest IPCC report states that ENSO will remain the dominant mode in the tropical Pacific with global effects in the 21st century and ENSO-related precipitation extremes will intensify. However, no common agreement exists among climate simulation models for projected change in ENSO and the Australian-Indonesian Monsoon. Exploring high-resolution palaeoclimate archives, like tree rings or varved lake sediments, provide insights into the natural climate variability of the past, and thus helps improving and validating simulations of future climate changes.
Centennial tree-ring stable isotope records | Within this doctoral thesis the main goal was to explore the potential of tropical tree rings to record climate signals and to use them as palaeoclimate proxies. In detail, stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes were extracted from teak trees in order to establish the first well-replicated centennial (AD 1900-2007) stable isotope records for Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, different climatic variables were tested whether they show significant correlation with tree-ring proxies (ring-width, δ13C, δ18O). Moreover, highly resolved intra-annual oxygen isotope data were established to assess the transfer of the seasonal precipitation signal into the tree rings. Finally, the established oxygen isotope record was used to reveal possible correlations with ENSO events.
Methodological achievements | A second goal of this thesis was to assess the applicability of novel techniques which facilitate and optimize high-resolution and high-throughput stable isotope analysis of tree rings. Two different UV-laser-based microscopic dissection systems were evaluated as a novel sampling tool for high-resolution stable isotope analysis. Furthermore, an improved procedure of tree-ring dissection from thin cellulose laths for stable isotope analysis was designed.
The most important findings of this thesis are: I) The herein presented novel sampling techniques improve stable isotope analyses for tree-ring studies in terms of precision, efficiency and quality. The UV-laser-based microdissection serve as a valuable tool for sampling plant tissue at ultrahigh-resolution and for unprecedented precision. II) A guideline for a modified method of cellulose extraction from wholewood cross-sections and subsequent tree-ring dissection was established. The novel technique optimizes the stable isotope analysis process in two ways: faster and high-throughput cellulose extraction and precise tree-ring separation at annual to high-resolution scale. III) The centennial tree-ring stable isotope records reveal significant correlation with regional precipitation. High-resolution stable oxygen values, furthermore, allow distinguishing between dry and rainy season rainfall. IV) The δ18O record reveals significant correlation with different ENSO flavors and demonstrates the importance of considering ENSO flavors when interpreting palaeoclimatic data in the tropics.
The findings of my dissertation show that seasonally resolved δ18O records from Indonesian teak trees are a valuable proxy for multi-centennial reconstructions of regional precipitation variability (monsoon signals) and large-scale ocean-atmosphere phenomena (ENSO) for the Indo-Pacific region. Furthermore, the novel methodological achievements offer many unexplored avenues for multidisciplinary research in high-resolution palaeoclimatology.Die tropischen Gewässer um Indonesien sind eine der äquatorialen Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsquellen, die als treibende Kraft des globalen Klimasystems betrachtet werden können. Das Klima in Indonesien ist geprägt durch das Australisch-Indonesische Monsunsystem. Weiterhin besteht eine Verknüpfung mit El Niño-Southern Oszillation (ENSO) Ereignissen, die oft zu schweren Dürren oder Überschwemmungen in der Region mit tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Folgen führen. Der neueste IPCC-Bericht legt dar, dass ENSO auch in den nächsten 100 Jahren das vorherrschende Klimaphänomen im tropischen Pazifik bleiben wird. Ferner wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich die ENSO-bezogenen Niederschlagsextrema intensivieren werden. Wenig Übereinstimmung herrscht jedoch bislang zwischen den Klimasimulationsmodellen in Bezug auf die voraussichtlichen Veränderungen von ENSO und dem Australisch-Indonesischen Monsunsystem. Hochaufgelöste Paläoklima-Archive, wie z.B. Jahrringe oder warvierte Seesedimente, geben Auskunft über die natürliche Klimavariabilität der Vergangenheit und können somit dazu beitragen, die Computersimulationen der künftigen Klimaentwicklung zu verbessern und zu validieren. Hundertjährige stabile Jahrring-Isotopenchronologien | Das Hauptziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, dass Potenzial von tropischen Jahrringen zur Aufzeichnung von Klimasignalen herauszustellen und deren Evaluierung als Paläoklimaproxys. Im Detail wurden stabile Kohlenstoff- (δ13C) und Sauerstoff- (δ18O) Isotopenverhältnisse in Teakbäumen analysiert, und die ersten gut replizierten hundertjährigen (AD 1900-2007) stabilen Isotopenchronologien aus Java (Indonesien) erstellt. Dabei wurden verschiedene klimatische Einflussgrößen getestet, ob diese signifikante Korrelationen mit den Jahrringparametern aufzeigen. Weiterhin wurden hochaufgelöste intra-annuelle Sauerstoffisotopenzeitreihen erstellt, um den Transfer des saisonalen Niederschlagssignals in den jeweiligen Jahrring zu bemessen. Die ermittelte Sauerstoff-Isotopenchronologie wurde anschließend auf mögliche ENSO Signale hin untersucht. Methodische Errungenschaften | Ein zweites Ziel dieser Arbeit war es neue Verfahren zur Analyse stabiler Isotope in Baumjahrringen zu entwickeln und zu optimieren. Zwei verschiedene UV-Lasermikrodissektions-Systeme wurden getestet als neues präzises Präparationswerkzeug für stabile Isotopenstudien. Darüber hinaus wurde eine verbesserte Methode für die Probenaufbereitung stabiler Isotopenmessungen anhand von Zellulose-Dünnschnitten entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit sind: I) Die hier vorgestellten neuartigen Techniken zu Probenvorbereitung verbessern die Analyse stabiler Isotope für Jahrringstudien in Hinsicht auf Präzision, Effizienz und Qualität. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die UV-Lasermikrodissektion eine wertvolle Technik ist, um die Beprobung von Pflanzengewebe in höchster Auflösung und beispielloser Präzision durchzuführen. II) Es ist gelungen, einen Leitfaden für ein modifiziertes Verfahren der Zelluloseextraktion an Gesamtholz-Dünnschnitten und der anschließenden Jahrringaufbereitung zu erstellen. Diese neuartige Methode optimiert die Analyse stabiler Isotopenzeitreihen in zweierlei Hinsicht: schnellere und effiziente Zelluloseextraktion und präzise Trennung der Jahrringsequenzen in inter-annueller bis intra-annuelle Auflösung. III) Die hundertjährigen stabilen Jahrring-Isotopenchronologien weisen signifikante Korrelationen mit dem regionalen Niederschlag auf. In den hochaufgelösten stabilen Sauerstoffisotopenwerten spiegelt sich deutlich das Niederschlagssignal der Trocken- und der Regenzeit wieder. IV) Die stabile Sauerstoffisotopenzeitreihe zeigt signifikante Korrelationen mit verschiedenen ENSO Phasen. Dies betont, dass die verschiedenen ENSO Phasen bei der Interpretation von tropischen Paläodaten zu berücksichtigen sind. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation zeigen, dass saisonal aufgelöste stabile Sauerstoffisotopenchronologien von indonesischen Teakbäumen ein geeigneter Proxy für mehrhundertjährige Rekonstruktionen der regionalen Niederschlagsvariabilität (Monsun-Signale) und großräumiger Ozean-Atmosphären-Systeme (ENSO) für den Indopazifik ist. Darüber hinaus bieten die neuartigen methodischen Errungenschaften viele neue Ansätze für multidisziplinäre hochaufgelöste Studien in der paläoklimatologischen Forschung.
Bücher zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
service), ScienceDirect (Online, Hrsg. Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
2
Wassenaar, Leonard I., und Keith A. Hobson. Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
3
Wassenaar, Leonard I., und Keith A. Hobson. Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
4
Wassenaar, Leonard I., und Keith A. Hobson. Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
5
Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2017-0-01125-4.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Tracking Animal Migration with Stable Isotopes. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1936-7961(07)x0001-0.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
IAEA. Guidelines for Sediment Tracing Using the Compound Specific Carbon Stable Isotope Technique. International Atomic Energy Agency, 2019.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
Zhao, Yuliang, und Xueling Chang. „Stable Isotopic Tracing of NanomaterialsIn Vivo“. In Toxicology of Nanomaterials, 43–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527689125.ch3.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, D. O’Connell und F. Tamburini. „The Use of the δ18OP to Study P Cycling in the Environment“. In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilizers are known to increase crop productivity; however, when applied in excess, it can cause serious environment pollution. Monitoring P pollution in natural environments using stable isotopes has been difficult because P has only one stable isotope (31P) making the use of P stable isotope tracing not an option. Radioactive P isotopes (32P and 33P) have been used but its drawbacks are the short half-life, health risks and safety procedures required to apply them in agricultural catchments. Phosphorus in organic and inorganic P forms is strongly bonded to oxygen (O), which has three stable isotopes, providing a system to track P cycling in agricultural catchments and environment using the stable isotopes of O in phosphate (δ18O-PO4). In recent years, various studies have indicated that the analysis of the stable isotopic composition of oxygen (O) bound to P (δ18Op) to better understand P cycling in the environment, has become a promising tracer (surrogate) to investigate soil P transformation, plant P uptake and to trace the sources of P from the soil to water bodies and the environment. The chapter outlines the background and examples of δ18Op studies in sediments, soils, fresh water, mineral fertilizers and plants.
3
Blake, W. H., A. Taylor, E. Muñoz-Arcos, L. Ovando-Fuentealba, C. Bravo-Linares und G. E. Millward. „Quantifying Sediment and Associated Pollutants Sources in Agricultural Catchments Using Isotopic Techniques“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 127–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of nuclear tools used in sediment source apportionment studies, summarising essential information about the use of fallout radionuclides, elemental geochemistry, and compound-specific stable isotopes. Exemplar studies are described to show how the method can inform decision making at farm and basin scales to control diffuse water pollution by agriculture.
4
Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai et al. „Isotopic Techniques to Measure N2O, N2 and Their Sources“. In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 213–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractGHGemissions are usually the result of several simultaneous processes. Furthermore, some gases such as N2 are very difficult to quantify and require special techniques. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus is on stable isotopemethods. Both natural abundance techniques and enrichment techniques are used. Especially in the last decade, a number of methodological advances have been made. Thus, this chapter provides an overview and description of a number of current state-of-the-art techniques, especially techniques using the stable isotope15N. Basic principles and recent advances of the 15N gasflux method are presented to quantify N2 fluxes, but also the latest isotopologue and isotopomermethods to identify pathways for N2O production. The second part of the chapter is devoted to 15N tracing techniques, the theoretical background and recent methodological advances. A range of different methods is presented from analytical to numerical tools to identify and quantify pathway-specific N2O emissions. While this chapter is chiefly concerned with gaseous N emissions, a lot of the techniques can also be applied to other gases such as methane (CH4), as outlined in Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_5#Sec12.
5
Skrzypek, G. „Stable Sulfur and Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Sulfates to Disentangle Agrocontaminants from Other Sources of Sulfur in Agrosystems“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 99–125. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_6.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThis chapter summarizes key information about the sulfur cycle and stable sulfur isotope biogeochemistry. The overview includes a description of the range of the stable sulfur isotope compositions in natural environments, potential pollutants and fertilizers used in agriculture. The primary focus is on the generation, transport, and mixing of sulfate and on its stable sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions that can be used as tracers. Several case studies that apply stable sulfate isotope analyses for the identification and quantification of pollutants in natural environments are used to provide an overview of successful applications and highlight major challenges. These are followed by the principles of sulfate sampling and analytical techniques.
6
Skrzypek, G. „Conceptual Sampling Design for Tracing Agropollutants on a Catchment Scale“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 11–16. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThis chapter provides guidelines for designing a sampling programme for tracing agricultural pollutants using stable isotope techniques at different catchment scales. This sampling template could be considered for the application of various tracers with respect to local needs and study objectives. The template is based on a series of overlapping mixing models that use ‘triple sampling points’ to identify major sources of pollution by estimating pollution budgets in different subcatchments along the water flow pathways. This framework can be further specified, and a more detailed sampling network can be developed after analysing the results obtained from the initial sampling. Step-by-step technical instructions on how to collect and preserve water samples for stable isotope analyses can be found in a separate document published by the International Atomic Energy Agency as a Standard Operating Procedure (Skrzypek in Sampling and isotope analysis of agricultural pollutants in water IAEA TECDOC SERIES. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 2–21, 2018).
7
Skrzypek, G., J. Adu-Gyamfi, G. Imfeld und L. Heng. „Introduction: Stable Isotope Tracers Used for the Identification of Contaminants in Agro-Ecosystems“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 1–10. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the stable isotope tracers used in agro-contaminant studies, summarizing essential information about each tracer, including the range of values, sample collection and preparation, and the most common applications. The chapter provides an overview of the book’s concept and contents and refers readers to the chapters of interest.
8
Imfeld, G., G. Skrzypek, J. Adu-Gyamfi und L. Heng. „Conclusion: Stable Isotope Tracers Are Useful for the Identification of Pollutants in Agro-ecosystems“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 157–64. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractPollutant management in agro-ecosystems is a complex challenge that requires two key questions to be answered: (i) how to improve identification and quantification of pollutant sources, transport pathways and fate on the catchment scale? and (ii) how to prioritise and combine soil and water management practices to minimise the use and impact of agro-pollutants? An integrative book such as this one, focusing on the stable H, C, N, O and S isotope compositions of a variety of agro-pollutants, may help to address the first question and enable increasingly precise and robust evaluation of pollution in agro-ecosystems.
9
Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, Ch Pistocchi, F. Tamburini und S. Bauke. „Stable Oxygen Isotope Composition of Phosphates to Investigate Phosphorus Cycling in the Soil–Plant Continuum“. In Tracing the Sources and Fate of Contaminants in Agroecosystems, 63–98. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47265-7_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of how the stable isotope composition of oxygen bond to phosphorus, δ(18O)PO4, in phosphate can be used to investigate P cycling in the soil–plant continuum. In recent years, several books and articles about different aspects of P cycling have been published. This chapter provides summary information about P cycling in the soil–plant continuum focusing on the current methods in P research. It also provides an overview of the pitfalls of the δ(18O)PO4 method, especially regarding sampling and sample handling. The chapter concludes with the way forward and prospects of the δ(18O)PO4 method to investigate P cycling in the soil–plant continuum.
10
Laycock, A., und M. Rehkämper. „Chapter 14. Stable Isotope Labelling and Tracing of Engineered Nanomaterials“. In Chemistry in the Environment, 339–62. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166570-00339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
Zheng, Xin-Yuan, Brian L. Beard, W. Crawford Elliott und Clark Johnson. „Tracing Diagenetic Smectite-To-Illite Transition Using Stable K Isotopes“. In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3186.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Soderman, Caroline, Simon Matthews, Oliver Shorttle, Matthew Jackson, James Day und Helen Williams. „A heavy stable isotope approach to tracing mantle source and process“. In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15552.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
3
Purmalis, Oskars, Alise Babre, Linards Klavins, Ruta Ozola-Davidane, Maris Klavins, Konrads Popovs und Inga Grinfelde. „Water stable isotopes as drinking water quality indicator in dug wells of Eastern Latvia“. In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Stable isotope ratios of water (δ2H and δ18O) are important indicators which describe hydrological processes in the environment. These parameters allow to analyse structure, status, migration of pollutants and processes of the groundwater system. Groundwater from dug wells is widely used as a drinking water source highlighting the importance of investigation of water quality and its possible flows and sources. Despite available centralized water systems, there are still wide territories where dug wells are the main source of drinking water supply. Dug wells are recharged from shallow groundwaters which makes them more vulnerable to anthropogenic contamination. Therefore, quality monitoring and estimation of anthropogenic influences are of importance. Quality requirements of drinking water do not provide measurements of stable isotope ratios in drinking water, but the combination of those elements can be valuable for the characterization of impacts on groundwater quality. The aim of this study was to survey 64 dug wells in Eastern Latvia and analyse water quality together with measurements of stable isotope ratios. Measurements were performed twice, i.e., autumn and spring to track water sources in wells and describe the extent of possible impacts. This approach can indicate the magnitude of local factor impacts on drinking water quality. Surveyed wells provide high differences in analysed parameters, for example, nitrate concentrations in autumn varies from 0.44 to 108.26 mg LE−1. Also, other detected parameters are variable; therefore, tracking water flow with stable isotope values gives better insight into the water quality of the studied region.
4
Scicchitano, Maria Rosa. „Stable isotope thermometry and fluid tracing in serpentinites: Insights from SIMS studies“. In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.14689.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Wang, Xiangli, Noah J. Planavsky, Devon B. Cole, Erik A. Sperling, Dan Asael und Christopher T. Reinhard. „TRACKING EARTH’S REDOX EVOLUTION USING MULTI-NON-TRADITIONAL STABLE ISOTOPE SYSTEMS“. In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287300.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Williams, Helen, Simon Matthews, Caroline Soderman, Heye Freymuth und Mathias Schannor. „Tracing Tectonic Recycling, Mantle Heterogeneity, and Melt Transport Processes with Metal Stable Isotopes“. In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2868.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Metallo, Christian. „Tracing Compartment-Specific Redox Pathways Using Stable Isotopes and Mass Spectrometry“. In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Metabolomics. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecm-2-05000.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Guitreau, Martin, Abdelmouhcine Gannoun, Zhengbin Deng, Marc Chaussidon, Frédéric Moynier, Bernard Barbarin und Johanna Marin-Carbonne. „TRACKING GRANITIC MAGMA ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION USING STABLE SILICON ISOTOPES IN ZIRCON“. In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.16600.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Meister, Aurelia, Maria Schönbächler, Manuela Fehr und Adrian Gilli. „Tin stable isotope variations for tracing anthropogenic contaminations in sediments of Lake Zurich, Switzerland“. In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15084.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
10
Ancellin, Marie-Anne, Sigurdur Reynir Gislason, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, Bergur Sigfússon, Geoffrey M. Nowell, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Eric H. Oelkers et al. „Tracing CO2 and H2S Sequestration in a Basaltic Aquifer Using Stable Isotopes at CarbFix, Iceland“. In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.59.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Stable isotopic tracing"
1
Mark E. Fuller und Tullis C. Onstott. Development And Evaluation Of Stable Isotope And Fluorescent Labeling And Detection Methodologies For Tracking Injected Bacteria During In Situ Bioremediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820180.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle