Zeitschriftenartikel: „Spreading device“

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Liu, Ye, Xin An Dang und Li Jun Yang. „Study of the Transmission System of Spreading Powder Device of Direct Metal Sintering Rapid Prototyping Machine“. Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.602.

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Direct metal sintering rapid prototyping mechanism is complex, including many kinds of transmission systems. Spreading powder device is important to direct metal sintering rapid prototyping mechanism. Based on grasping the working principle of the device, through the study of spreading powder device of direct metal rapid prototyping machine, grasp the process of spreading powder and the main structure of the device, and fabricate the simple model of the transmission system. In order to determine the necessary condition of how the spreading powder device functions, the dynamic parameters of the transmission system must be calculated, and the operation performance of the stepper motor must be checked. Then the precision and the processing quality of the finished part can be improved.

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Siddiqui, Ahmad Talha, Shoeb Ahad Siddiqui und Mohammad Ibrahim. „AFDroid: Anti-Forensics Device To Protect Android System“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 9, Nr. 3 (25.07.2013): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v9i3.3339.

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Mobile devices are among the most common new technologies of the year, gaining even more spread over and success in the day-to-day life of wide range of people. Unfortunately, while the number of mobile devices are used in crime activities is spreading and growing all over the world, the capability to perform the forensics analysis of such devices is limited both by technological and methodological problems. In this paper, we focus on anti forensics techniques applied to mobile device. Furthermore we observe the effectiveness of techniques.Â

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Asada, Satoshi, Jun Suda und Tsunenobu Kimoto. „Effects of Parasitic Region in SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors on Forced Current Gain“. Materials Science Forum 924 (Juni 2018): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.629.

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Effects of a parasitic region in SiC BJTs on conductivity modulation and a forced current gain (βF) were investigated by using TCAD simulation with various device structures. By introducing an Al+-implanted region below the base parasitic region, βF can be improved because the implanted region can reduce the base spreading resistance, leading to alleviation of debiasing effect. βF in devices with various parasitic areas, whose base spreading resistances were reduced by the Al+-implantation, were compared. We found that βF can be enhanced by expanding the parasitic area if the base spreading resistance is sufficiently reduced. The higher βF is attributed to an expanded conductivity-modulated region. The collector current spreading in the collector layer and the hole injection from the parasitic region as well as from the intrinsic region can play a role to evoke the conductivity modulation. Thus, the larger parasitic region can expand the conductivity-modulated region, resulting in expansion of an active area and the enhancement of βF.

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Kwasny, Dorota, Olga Mednova, Indumathi Vedarethinam, Maria Dimaki, Asli Silahtaroglu, Zeynep Tümer, Kristoffer Almdal und Winnie Svendsen. „A Semi-Closed Device for Chromosome Spreading for Cytogenetic Analysis“. Micromachines 5, Nr. 2 (03.04.2014): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi5020158.

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Furukawa, Kazuaki, Hiroshi Nakashima, Yoshiaki Kashimura und Keiichi Torimitsu. „Microchannel device using self-spreading lipid bilayer as molecule carrier“. Lab on a Chip 6, Nr. 8 (2006): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b603568j.

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Ogunniyi, Aderinto, James Schrock, Miguel Hinojosa, Heather O’Brien, Aivars J. Lelis, Stephen Bayne und Sei Hyung Ryu. „Simulation Study of Switching-Dependent Device Parameters of High Voltage 4H-SiC GTOs“. Materials Science Forum 897 (Mai 2017): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.575.

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The silicon carbide (SiC) “Super” gate turn-off thyristor (SGTO) is a viable device for high voltage and fast dI/dt switching applications. These devices are well suited for various pulsed power applications requiring high peak currents in the kilo-amp regime. The turn-on transition speed is determine by the spreading velocity, which depends on applied gate current, applied anode current density, minority carrier lifetime, and both the gate base-width and the drift region of the thyristor. The impact of device parameters on switching performance is discussed in this work.

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Elpelt, Rudolf, Bernd Zippelius, Stefan Doering und Uwe Winkler. „Employing Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) for Improving TCAD Simulation Accuracy of Silicon Carbide“. Materials Science Forum 897 (Mai 2017): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.295.

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Computer-Aided-Design for the prediction of the technology process and the physical device properties (TCAD) is a key tool for the development and improvement of new device concepts as well as for the analysis and understanding of device properties and device behavior under application conditions. Apart from physical device models and parameters the precise process simulation of implanted doping profiles is mandatory for a sufficient prediction quality of the subsequent device simulations. In order to verify and improve the accuracy of process simulation, we employ the – for silicon carbide – relatively new method of Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) for the characterization of doping profiles.

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Singh, Manikant, Serge Karboyan, Michael J. Uren, Kean Boon Lee, Zaffar Zaidi, Peter A. Houston und Martin Kuball. „Lateral charge spreading and device-to-device coupling in C-doped AlGaN/GaN-on-Si wafers“. Microelectronics Reliability 95 (April 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2019.02.012.

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Edén, Ulla M., und Lauritz W. Olson. „A Simple and Safe Device for Spreading Ultrathin Sections with Chloroform“. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 68, Nr. 2 (Januar 1993): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10520299309104668.

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Bandari, Anashe. „Sandwich device ensures rapid and even spreading of biofluids for analysis“. Scilight 2020, Nr. 34 (21.08.2020): 341106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0001880.

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Shrivastava, Mayank, Harald Gossner und Christian Russ. „A Drain-Extended MOS Device With Spreading Filament Under ESD Stress“. IEEE Electron Device Letters 33, Nr. 9 (September 2012): 1294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2012.2205553.

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Zhang, Yong, Haoxue Han, Nan Wang, Pengtu Zhang, Yifeng Fu, Murali Murugesan, Michael Edwards, Kjell Jeppson, Sebastian Volz und Johan Liu. „Improved Heat Spreading Performance of Functionalized Graphene in Microelectronic Device Application“. Advanced Functional Materials 25, Nr. 28 (05.06.2015): 4430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201500990.

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Yang, Ting, Yung-Chih Wang, Ching-Fen Shen und Chao-Min Cheng. „Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19“. Diagnostics 10, Nr. 3 (18.03.2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10030165.

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At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a fast-spreading respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China and has now affected over 123 countries globally [...]

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Abushgair, Khaleel. „Spraying Devices Design For Simulations of Aerosols and Air Interaction“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON FLUID MECHANICS 15 (19.01.2021): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232013.2020.15.22.

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The current work aimed to study and understand the nature of interaction between aerosol/dusts and its surrounding medium such as air and/or solid dry or wet surfaces. Results were used as benchmarks to design spraying mechanisms and devices that can be used for optimizing the spraying device design geometry and shape with adjustable distance between cup and pin in parts and to lower manufacturing cost using solid works flow simulations software. Different spray devices were designed and evaluated with simulation, from simple ideas to complex device shapes. The simulation focused on studying the air profile and stream lines, with and without particles (dust particles with spherical shape and 5 micro meters in diameters), pressure, velocity and density during spraying process. Simulation results for the last modified spraying device case-6 with mass flow rate of 1.5 kg/s, and distance between cup and pin of ( part 2) 3.3 mm showed excellent mixing and spreading mechanisms with uniform velocity of flow, density and pressure through the whole device. Even the tested device in case-3 with mass flow rate 1 kg/s, distance between cup and pin of (part 2) 6.6 mm was also perfect. This device is expected to be used as a nanoparticle spraying device, a pollination device in date palm tree pollination and an aerosols aerodynamic behavior simulating system

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Albuquerque de Araujo, Anderson L., José L. Boldrini, Roberto C. Cabrales, Enrique Fernández-Cara und Milton L. Oliveira. „Optimal Control of Insect Populations“. Mathematics 9, Nr. 15 (26.07.2021): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9151762.

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We consider some optimal control problems for systems governed by linear parabolic PDEs with local controls that can move along the domain region Ω of the plane. We prove the existence of optimal paths and also deduce the first order necessary optimality conditions, using the Dubovitskii–Milyutin’s formalism, which leads to an iterative algorithm of the fixed-point kind. This problem may be considered as a model for the control of a mosquito population existing in a given region by using moving insecticide spreading devices. In this situation, an optimal control is any trajectory or path that must follow such spreading device in order to reduce the population as much as possible with a reasonable not too expensive strategy. We illustrate our results by presenting some numerical experiments.

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Ma, Liu Xuan, Ya Qin Li, Yi Yuan Ge und Yang Yang Han. „The Design and Research on Spreading Soil Device of Rice Factory Seedlings“. Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (Mai 2013): 3136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3136.

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The spreading soil device of rice factory seedling has been designed. In study the V shape bulldozing plate drum dump structure has been designed that focused on the high quality requirements of the super rice seedlings, the diameter and length of the V shape bulldozing plate drum dump and the thickness M of the V shape bulldozing plate has been designed, a force model of the soil in the dumping course and analyze the effect of spiral and operate width of the V shape bulldozing plate to dump performance also has been established. Finally, the assembled reasonableness between the drum dump and other components has been established through the 3D solid modeling of Pro / E software. The thickness and uniformity of spreading soil has been guaranteed also the quality of seedling emergence has been ensured by designing the device.

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Young, Tai-Fa. „Fabrication and thermal analysis of a copper/diamond/copper thermal spreading device“. Surface and Coatings Technology 202, Nr. 4-7 (Dezember 2007): 1208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.07.098.

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Nazir, Aftab, Pierre Eyben, Trudo Clarysse, Geert Hellings, Andreas Schulze, Jay Mody, Kristin De Meyer, Hugo Bender und Wilfried Vandervorst. „Understanding device performance by incorporating 2D-carrier profiles from high resolution scanning spreading resistance microscopy into device simulations“. Solid-State Electronics 74 (August 2012): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2012.04.009.

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Ponomarenko, Nataliya, Vitalii Yaropud und Yevhen Lepet. „RESEARCH OF CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WORKING BODY FOR SCATTERING BULK MATERIALS“. ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, Nr. 3(110) (30.10.2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-3-10.

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Machines used in world practice for surface application of mineral fertilizers are often equipped with centrifugal devices with vertical or horizontal location of the axis of rotation. Having high productivity and reliability of technological process, they cannot always provide reception of a necessary dose and uniformity of scattering of fertilizers on width. In Ukraine, currently produced machines for the application of mineral fertilizers, which we have not previously produced. Since about 2/3 of all available mineral fertilizers, as well as most of the limestone and gypsum-containing materials are applied in a continuous manner, it is necessary to have a certain fleet of machines for applying fertilizers available to consumers. Fertilizer application in a continuous manner is carried out by land and aviation. One of the main agrotechnical requirements for machines for the application of bulk materials (mineral fertilizers) is their uniform distribution on the field surface. From uneven application of fertilizers, the reduction in grain yield reaches 10 ... 15%. The main disadvantages of the machine for applying mineral fertilizers are: imperfect design of the spreading mechanism, which leads to uneven scattering of fertilizers on the field surface; a large number of gears, which affects the metal content and cost of manufacture and complicates the design. Chain transmissions that drive the spreading device and the conveyor (during operation the chain is stretched, which requires the use of tension rollers, and take-off from the sprockets, especially on the drive of the spreading device); significant uneven application of fertilizers due to imperfect design of the spreading disc. The main reason for the low quality of fertilizer distribution by scattering machines, most researchers see a significant impact on the technological process of external random factors: field relief, wind speed and direction, humidity, elastic, frictional, hygroscopic and particle size distribution of fertilizers. Therefore, the improvement of the technological process of fertilizer scattering, in order to ensure a given uniformity of their distribution on the field surface in the conditions of real functioning, is an urgent scientific and practical task. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a new spreading working body is proposed.

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Niraula, Boris B., und Conrad Rizal. „Design of a 2 × 4 Hybrid MMI-MZI Configuration with MMI Phase-Shifters“. Materials 12, Nr. 9 (12.05.2019): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091555.

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This paper reports design of a 2 × 4 hybrid multimode interferometer-Mach-zehnder interferometer (MMI-MZI) configuration consiting of compact thermo-optical switches on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The device consists of two identical MMI slab waveguides as power splitters and couplers that are connected with two identical MMI-based phase shifters, and linear tapers at both ends of the MMIs to minimize the power coupling loss. A thin Al pad is used as a heating element and a trench is created around this pad to prevent heat from spreading, and to minimize loss. The calculated average thermo-optical switching power consumption, excess loss, and power imbalance are 1.4 mW, 0.9 dB, and 0.1 dB, respectively. The overall footprint of the device is 6 × 304 μ m 2 . The new heating method has advantages of compact size, ease of fabrication on SOI platform with the current CMOS technology, and offers low excess loss and power consumption as demanded by devices based on SOI technology. The device can act as two independent optical switches in one device.

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Fawaz, Hassan, Kinda Khawam, Samer Lahoud, Cedric Adjih und Steven Martin. „Joint Spreading Factor and Channel Assignment in Multi-Operator LoRaWAN Deployments“. Sensors 21, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010162.

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LoRaWAN is a popular internet of things (IoT) solution over the unlicensed radio band. It sustains low-cost, durable, and long range IoT wireless communications. Nonetheless, with over 24 billion connected IoT devices being expected by the end of the year, and over 50 billion by 2025, the concurrent and legacy approaches to spreading factor and channel assignment in LoRaWAN networks can no longer keep up. This is exacerbated with the growing densification of IoT device deployments and, with the increasing requirements for better throughput and packet delivery ratios. In this paper, we propose a proportional fair-based joint optimal formulation for spreading factor and channel assignment in multi-operator LoRaWAN deployments. The objective of this problem is to maximize the total sum of the logarithmic normalized throughput. We split the problem into two subproblems, and propose a game theoretic approach to solving them. We prove that our games converge towards a pure Nash equilibrium and, afterwards, solve the optimization problems using both semi-distributed and completely distributed algorithms. Via simulations, we show that our algorithms greatly improve the total normalized throughput for LoRaWAN as well as the packet success rate, in comparison to the legacy approaches.

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Doering, Stefan, Andre Wachowiak, Markus Rochel, Christian Nowak, Marko Hoffmann, Uwe Winkler, Mirco Richter, Hagen Roetz, Stefan Eckl und Thomas Mikolajick. „Polycrystalline silicon gate originated CMOS device failure investigated by Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy“. Microelectronic Engineering 142 (Juli 2015): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2015.07.001.

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Samsudin, Yon Norasyikin, Nurul Izzaty Faizzen Zulkefely, Sohibatul Muizzah Mohamad Izhar und Ku Zilati Ku Shaari. „Effect of Nanofillers on the Spreading Behavior of Biopolymer Materials on Urea Surface“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.907.

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This paper presented new approach where a new modified biopolymer reinforced with bentonite nanoclay is developed and used as the coating material for controlled-release fertilizer. Good wettability properties between coating material and urea surface is necessary to provide uniformity during the coating process of controlled release fertilizer. Seven different blending ratio of modified biopolymer solutions are prepared and evaluated for their wettability properties. The wettability properties measured include the surface tension, contact angle and maximum spreading diameter. Optical Contact Angle device comes with a Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) camera was used to capture every single image of the droplet impact behavior. From the analysis, it is proven that with addition of 2% nanoclay filler reinforced into modified biopolymer with blending ratio of 50/15/2.5/7.5 has the best wettability properties and provides better spreading behavior.

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Chrastina, Jozef, Tomáš Polonec, Ivan Janoško und Juraj Tulík. „Impact of Multipath GPS Signal Spreading on Precision of Us er Localization“. Acta Technologica Agriculturae 16, Nr. 3 (01.09.2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2013-0017.

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Abstract This paper focuses on measuring the inaccuracy of localization using a global positioning system. It describes the types and causes of navigation errors as well as the impact of multipath signal spreading on determining the GPS location. The aim of the experiment is to quantify the degree of influence of GPS multipath signal spreading in urban environments compared with measurements in the open air. During the experiment, we have used a Holux M-1000C GPS device in the DGPS / SBAS mode using the EGNOS technology.

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Bucalau, Ana-Maria, Arnaud Lemmers, Marianna Arvanitakis, Daniel Blero und Horst Neuhaus. „Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection of a Colonic Lateral Spreading Tumor“. Digestive Diseases 36, Nr. 3 (2018): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485834.

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The Full-Thickness Resection Device (FTRD; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) combines endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of gastrointestinal lesions with closure and cutting of the tissue in one integrated procedure. It provides en-bloc resection with an integral wall specimen for histopathological evaluation. This resection technique is partially filling of the gaps between the current procedures of choice in endoscopy (endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection) and surgery. We present the case of an EFTR procedure performed for a periappendicular lateral spreading tumor.

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An, Jun Eon, Usung Park, Dong Geon Jung, Chihyun Park und Seong Ho Kong. „Die-Attach Structure of Silicon-on-Glass MEMS Devices Considering Asymmetric Packaging Stress and Thermal Stress“. Sensors 19, Nr. 18 (14.09.2019): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183979.

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Die attach is a typical process that induces thermal stress in the fabrication of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. One solution to this problem is attaching a portion of the die to the package. In such partial die bonding, the lack of control over the spreading of the adhesive can cause non-uniform attachment. In this case, asymmetric packaging stress could be generated and transferred to the die. The performance of MEMS devices, which employ the differential outputs of the sensing elements, is directly affected by the asymmetric packaging stress. In this paper, we proposed a die-attach structure with a pillar to reduce the asymmetric packaging stress and the changes in packaging stress due to changes in the device temperature. To verify the proposed structure, we fabricated four types of differential resonant accelerometers (DRA) with the silicon-on-glass process. We confirmed experimentally that the pillar can control the spreading of the adhesive and that the asymmetric packaging stress is considerably reduced. The simulation and experimental results indicated that the DRAs manufactured using glass-on-silicon wafers as handle substrates instead of conventional glass wafers have a structure that compensates for the thermal stress.

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Zhu, Xiao Jun, und Chen Hua Zhong. „Research of Smoke Isolating with Air Curtain at Ship’s Tunnel“. Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (Mai 2012): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.111.

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The rapid spreading of poisonous smoke is the main reason which causes death in ship fires. Ships always have long tunnels to traveling passengers or cargos. Because of their longness and straightness, smoke diffuses rapidly. Fire doors are used to stop the smoke from spreading into other parts in vessels. When the fire doors are closed, the way for evacuation is also closed. So it’s important for the professionals to develop a kind of smoke-preventing device which can let people pass by when stopping the smoke. The air curtain is a kind of smoke isolating device which is used to decrease the heat exchange in supermarket or freezer. This paper analyzes flow field, the heat control and the smoke isolating ability of air curtain used in the ships’ long tunnels with different jet angles and initial velocities. At last, a suitable angle is proposed.

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Whitt, Reece, und David Huitink. „THERMAL VALIDATIONS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED NON-METALLIC HEAT SPREADING DEVICE FOR HOT SPOT MITIGATION IN POWER MODULES“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, Nr. 1 (01.10.2019): 000398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000398.

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Abstract As energy demands and power electronics density scale concurrently, reliability of such devices is being challenged. Inadequate thermal management can cause system-wide failures due to thermal run-away, thermal expansion induced stresses, interconnect fractures and many more. Conventional techniques used to cool devices consist of heavy, metallic systems such as cold plates and large heat sinks, which can significantly reduce the overall system power density. Moreover, the manufacturing of such components is expensive and often requires custom-made cold plates for improved integration with the electronic system. Although used as a standard practice, these metallic thermal management systems have the potential to intensify electro-magnetic interference (EMI) when coupling with high frequency switching power electronics, and the material density increases the weight of the system, which is detrimental in mobile applications. Lastly, cold plates and heat sinks can create non-uniform cooling profiles in the electronics due to the insufficient management of hot-spots. To combat these drawbacks, a new heat spreader design has been proposed which reduces weight and EMI effects while eliminating hot-spots through localized fluid impingement. This current study describes the methodology and construction of the experimental test setup to characterize the performance of the heat spreading device compared to an off-the-shelf cold plate. Through infrared imagining, the viability of two heated test sections are evaluated in their ability to replicate power module temperature profiles during operation.

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Dixon-Warren, St J., J. E. Haysom, I. Betty, J. Lu und K. Hewitt. „Implant isolation in an indium phosphide optoelectronic device: A scanning spreading resistance microscopy study“. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 22, Nr. 3 (2004): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1689298.

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Chen, Yi-Jiun, und Tai-Fa Young. „Thermal stress and heat transfer characteristics of a Cu/diamond/Cu heat spreading device“. Diamond and Related Materials 18, Nr. 2-3 (Februar 2009): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.10.059.

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Bova, Anthony S., und Matthew B. Dickinson. „Beyond “fire temperatures”: calibrating thermocouple probes and modeling their response to surface fires in hardwood fuels“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, Nr. 5 (Mai 2008): 1008–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-204.

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The maximum temperatures of thermocouples, temperature-sensitive paints, and calorimeters exposed to flames in wildland fires are often called “fire temperatures” but are determined as much by the properties and deployment of the measurement devices as by the fires themselves. Rather than report device temperatures that are not generally comparable among studies, we show that maximum and time-integrated temperatures of relatively thick (4.8 mm diameter) type-K thermocouple probes (TCPs) can be calibrated to estimate fuel consumption and fire line intensity in surface fires. Although reporting standard fire characteristics is an improvement over reporting device temperatures, TCPs are not ideal instruments for monitoring surface fires, because they provide only point estimates of fire behavior and must be calibrated for different fire environments, TCP characteristics, and deployments. To illustrate how TCPs respond to fires and to point the way towards a more general calibration method, we report results from a numerical model that accurately simulated TCP response to a spreading surface fire.

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Zhang, ZhiQiang, Allen David McHugh, HongWen Li, ShaoChun Ma, QingJie Wang, Jin He und Kan Zheng. „Global Overview of Research and Development of Crop Residue Management Machinery“. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, Nr. 3 (2017): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12167.

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Abstract. Crop residue retention has been recognized worldwide to improve soil structure and fertility, reduce pollution and erosion, and enhance soil water retention/conservation. However, some factors limit the widespread adoption of on-farm machinery that can appropriately manage in-field residue. Two key factors are the quality of residue chopping and spreading uniformity. This article initially summarized the research on blade design, blade arrangement and power consumption. The article classified residue management machinery into three types: single function, multiple function and harvester powered straw chopper/spreader. Single function straw chopper/spreader was further subdivided into four types, according to installation and movement modes of the chopping blade; multiple function straw chopper/spreader was subdivided into six types, according to function and location; harvester powered straw chopper/spreader was subdivided into three types, according to mounting position. To improve the chopped straw spreading uniformity, adding a blower fan and improving blade roller structure were proposed to increase the air velocity. Finally, the article proposed future directions for straw chopper/spreader development, including awareness raising of straw chopping and spreading mechanism, analysis of flow characteristics in the machine, development of straw chopping and spreading regulating device. Keywords: Chopping quality, Crop straw, Spreading uniformity, Straw chopper/spreader.

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Lee, Woon Young, Yong Kook Choi, L. Satyanarayana und Jin Seong Park. „Device Optimization of CO2 Gas Sensor Using Planar Technology“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, Nr. 11 (01.11.2007): 4154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.031.

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A planar type Li+ ion based potentiometric CO2 micro gas sensor of size 2 × 3 mm has been fabricated on alumina substrate by combining thin and thick film technology. The heater, electrodes and electrolyte were deposited by thin film deposition technique and the sensing and reference electrodes were printed by silk screen printing technology. The optimal thickness and sintering temperature of electrolyte are 1.2 μm and 775 °C. The sensor with Li2CO3 and 20 mol% BaCO3 not only exhibits a good Nernstian behavior but also consistent results over a long time at 450 °C in dry as well as 70% RH humidity condition between 160–5000 ppm CO2 concentrations. The spreading effect of the sensing and reference materials was controlled by the addition of Al2O3:B2O3(1:2 mol%) glass.

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Lee, Woon Young, Yong Kook Choi, L. Satyanarayana und Jin Seong Park. „Device Optimization of CO2 Gas Sensor Using Planar Technology“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, Nr. 11 (01.11.2007): 4154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18094.

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A planar type Li+ ion based potentiometric CO2 micro gas sensor of size 2 × 3 mm has been fabricated on alumina substrate by combining thin and thick film technology. The heater, electrodes and electrolyte were deposited by thin film deposition technique and the sensing and reference electrodes were printed by silk screen printing technology. The optimal thickness and sintering temperature of electrolyte are 1.2 μm and 775 °C. The sensor with Li2CO3 and 20 mol% BaCO3 not only exhibits a good Nernstian behavior but also consistent results over a long time at 450 °C in dry as well as 70% RH humidity condition between 160–5000 ppm CO2 concentrations. The spreading effect of the sensing and reference materials was controlled by the addition of Al2O3:B2O3(1:2 mol%) glass.

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Zhang, Lifeng, Qian Fan, Yujie Li, Yousuke Uchimura und Seiichi Serikawa. „An Implementation of Document Image Reconstruction System on a Smart Device Using a 1D Histogram Calibration Algorithm“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/313452.

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In recent years, the smart devices equipped with imaging functions are widely spreading for consumer application. It is very convenient for people to record information using these devices. For example, people can photo one page of a book in a library or they can capture an interesting piece of news on the bulletin board when walking on the street. But sometimes, one shot full area image cannot give a sufficient resolution for OCR soft or for human visual recognition. Therefore, people would prefer to take several partial character images of a readable size and then stitch them together in an efficient way. In this study, we propose a print document acquisition method using a device with a video camera. A one-dimensional histogram based self-calibration algorithm is developed for calibration. Because the calculation cost is low, it can be installed on a smartphone. The simulation result shows that the calibration and stitching are well performed.

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Hughes, Andrew D., Jeff Mattison, Laura T. Western, John D. Powderly, Bryan T. Greene und Michael R. King. „Microtube Device for Selectin-Mediated Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood“. Clinical Chemistry 58, Nr. 5 (01.05.2012): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.176669.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used clinically to treat cancer. As a diagnostic tool, the CTC count can be used to follow disease progression, and as a treatment tool, CTCs can be used to rapidly develop personalized therapeutic strategies. To be effectively used, however, CTCs must be isolated at high purity without inflicting cellular damage. METHODS We designed a microscale flow device with a functionalized surface of E-selectin and antibody molecules against epithelial markers. The device was additionally enhanced with a halloysite nanotube coating. We created model samples in which a known number of labeled cancer cells were suspended in healthy whole blood to determine device capture efficiency. We then isolated and cultured primary CTCs from buffy coat samples of patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer. RESULTS Approximately 50% of CTCs were captured from model samples. Samples from 12 metastatic cancer patients and 8 healthy participants were processed in nanotube-coated or smooth devices to isolate CTCs. We isolated 20–704 viable CTCs per 3.75-mL sample, achieving purities of 18%–80% CTCs. The nanotube-coated surface significantly improved capture purities (P = 0.0004). Experiments suggested that this increase in purity was due to suppression of leukocyte spreading. CONCLUSIONS The device successfully isolates viable CTCs from both blood and buffy coat samples. The approximately 50% capture rate with purities >50% with the nanotube coating demonstrates the functionality of this device in a clinical setting and opens the door for personalized cancer therapies.

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Cadnum, Jennifer L., Myreen E. Tomas, Thriveen Sankar, Annette Jencson, J. Itty Mathew, Sirisha Kundrapu und Curtis J. Donskey. „Effect of Variation in Test Methods on Performance of Ultraviolet-C Radiation Room Decontamination“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, Nr. 5 (26.01.2016): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.349.

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OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of variation in test methods on performance of an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) room decontamination device.DESIGNLaboratory evaluation.METHODSWe compared the efficacy of 2 UV-C room decontamination devices with low pressure mercury gas bulbs. For 1 of the devices, we evaluated the effect of variation in spreading of the inoculum, carrier orientation relative to the device, type of organic load, type of carrier, height of carrier, and uninterrupted versus interrupted exposures on measured UV-C killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile spores.RESULTSThe 2 UV-C room decontamination devices achieved similar log10 colony-forming unit reductions in the pathogens with exposure times ranging from 5 to 40 minutes. On steel carriers, spreading of the inoculum over a larger surface area significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens, such that a 10-minute exposure on a 22-mm2 disk resulted in greater than 2 log reduction in C. difficile spores. Orientation of carriers in parallel rather than perpendicular with the UV-C lamps significantly enhanced killing of both pathogens. Different types of organic load also significantly affected measured organism reductions, whereas type of carrier, variation in carrier height, and interrupted exposure cycles did not.CONCLUSIONSVariation in test methods can significantly impact measured reductions in pathogens by UV-C devices during experimental testing. Our findings highlight the need for standardized laboratory methods for testing the efficacy of UV-C devices and for evaluations of the efficacy of short UV-C exposure times in real-world settings.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:555–560

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Burger, Daniel, Matthias Pumberger und Bruno Fuchs. „An Uncemented Spreading Stem for the Fixation in the Metaphyseal Femur: A Preliminary Report“. Sarcoma 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7132838.

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Surgical treatment to restore full range of motion and full weight bearing after extensive femoral bone resection in patients with primary or metastatic femoral tumours is individually challenging. Especially when the remaining distal or proximal bone is very short, a rigid fixation of an implant is difficult to achieve due to the reverse funnel shape of the metaphysis. Herein, we present a novel implant design using a spreading mechanism in the distal part of the prosthesis for rigid, uncemented fixation in the remaining femoral bone after extensive tumour resection of the femur. We present the outcome of 5 female patients who underwent implantation of this spreading stem after extensive proximal or distal femoral bone resection. There was no radiological or clinical loosening or implant-related revision surgery in our follow-up (mean 21.46 months, range 3.5–46 months). This uncemented spreading stem may therefore represent an alternative option for fixation of a prosthetic device in the remaining metaphyseal femur.

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Song, Shi Quan, Hua Dong Xu und Li Hai Wang. „Application of Ultrasonic Wave and Resistograph for Nondestructive Testing of Defects in Standing Trees“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (Februar 2011): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.265.

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In order to carry out non-destructive testing on standing trees, explore the propagation characteristics and the influence factors of the ultrasonic wave spreading in the standing trees. Take simon poplar as the research object, Resistograph were employed to test 30 sample (simon polar) standing trees and it gave a preliminary estimate of the internal defects in the samples, and RSM-SYS5 ultrasonic device were employed to test the ultrasonic propagation velocity spreading in simon poplar standing trees, with the statistics of the ultrasonic propagation velocity spreading separately in the health trees and standing trees with defects, and did a regression analysis of the relationship between the size of the defacts and the ultrasonic propagation velocity. The results show that: 1) When the diameter of sample trees are between 30 and 55cm, the radial velocity of ultrasonic spreading in healthy simon poplar standing trees are in the range of 1029.96m/s ~ 1200m/s, all more than 1000m/s; however, when there are defects in simon poplar standing trees, the ultrasonic radial velocity are less than 1000m/s. 2) The defacts in standing trees have an significant influence on the ultrasonic radial propagation velocity spreading in simon poplar standing trees, defect size and the radial velocity is significantly negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficient R is 0.887.

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Ebong, A., S. Arthur, E. Downey, X. A. Cao, S. LeBoeuf und D. W. Merfeld. „Device and circuit modeling of GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) for optimum current spreading“. Solid-State Electronics 47, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2003): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1101(03)00139-4.

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Hidayaturrahman, Mohammad, und D. I. Ansusa Putra. „The Role of Technology and Social Media in Spreading the Qur'an and Hadiths by Mubalig“. DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 4, Nr. 1 (19.12.2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v4i1.1858.

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This research was conducted to find out how the role of technology and social media in spreading Al-Quran and hadith by the mubalig. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach, while the method of collecting data with observation on the activities of the mubalig and dai who perform religious da’wa activities, both in mosques, langgar, and majlis taklim assemblies held at homes of pilgrims or mubalig house. This research found that, mubalig already flat using technology and social media for the purposes of their da’wah. The preachers use technology and social media for various purposes of da’wa, communicating with the congregation of recitation, to read references of religious material, as well as as a means to store the propagation material which subsequently submitted during the recitation. The last is to make existing apps their devices to recall verses or hadiths that happen to be forgotten when delivering lecture material. The mubalig rate, technology and social media are something positive to use as a medium of communication preaching. So that mubalig are not allergic to technology and social media, even some of them become active users in social media. Similarly, in his own devices there are many applications of the Qur'an and Hadith. Carrying a device is an effective way of learning, carrying the reference of the book, because it does not have to bring a large book of physical to come preach to various places and locations. Technology is considered to be able to connect them with the other ustaz, kiai or religious figures in the same or different organization.

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Berthou, Maxime, Philippe Godignon, Pierre Brosselard, Dominique Tournier und José Millán. „Integration of Temperature and Current Sensors in 4H-SiC VDMOS“. Materials Science Forum 717-720 (Mai 2012): 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.1093.

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Silicon Carbide VDMOS with integrated current and temperature sensors have been successfully fabricated without degradation of the chip forward or reverse characteristics due to the sensors. The temperature sensors show impedance correlated to the temperature, which permits to track the drift region’s temperature of the device. We have shown that the sensor current ratio can be influenced by the current spreading in the drift layer, especially when the channel resistance contribution is reduced. This aspect will be more critical on VDMOS with low channel resistance. Also, the sensor current ratio stability will be improved on devices with larger active area or thinner drift layer. Integration of such sensors will permit to monitor and protect innovative power electronic systems using SiC chips.

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Byun, Jae Young, Pandusandi Pratama, Jeung Hoon Kim, In Soo Park, Sun Mi Choi, Soon Hong Kwon, Sung Won Chung et al. „The Friction and Wear Characteristic Comparison of PMMA and MC Nylon as Spreading Device Pad Material in Copper Coil Forming“. Key Engineering Materials 723 (Dezember 2016): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.220.

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The purpose of this study is to compare the frictions and wears characteristics of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and MC Nylon. This study was carried out to investigate the material to be considered as the pad of spreading device material in the copper coil forming machine. To analyze the friction and wear characteristics of those materials the experiments were done as follows. Firstly, the friction characteristic was obtained using a pin-on-disk tester. The experiment was carried on dry and wet friction conditions under paraffin oil lubricant. Secondly, the state of lubrication was investigated using the Stribeck’s Curve. Thirdly, to investigate the wear characteristic, the weight of the pin was measured before and after the friction test. The wear rate is defined as the difference between the initial weight and the final weight. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient of PMMA material was higher than MC nylon. Furthermore, PMMA wear rate also higher than MC Nylon wear rate. The highest wear was achieved on PMMA in dry friction condition, which is 0.00290 grams. MC Nylon was recommended to be used as padding of the spreading device on the coil forming machine.

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S Jeyabalan. „Wildfire Identification using AI Techniques“. ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 1, Nr. 1 (12.03.2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v1i1.3.

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An essential inspiration for building up an online device is to help general well being specialists and crisis responders in settling on educated choices previously, during, and after rapidly spreading fire crises. Need for such frameworks are a lot of critical to dodge the exercise in futility and to lessen the human passings while fierce blaze happens. More automation and inferior extremity activity salvage monetary system on work cost and asset fatigue. It is a practical method of hazard expectation in wildfire.. Toward that end, CDC is building up an online apparatus that uses transient expectations and estimates of smoke fixations and incorporates them with proportions of populace level weakness to help recognize in danger populaces to rapidly spreading fire smoke perils. The instrument will be operationalized on a public scale, looking for information and help from a few scholastic, government, and SLTT Partners. We anticipate that this device will diminish an opportunity to recognize affected networks, help to distinguish and specify weak populaces, better describe populace level openness, and educate execution regarding fitting mediations for those territories influenced by out of control fire smoke perils.

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Wang, Xiali, und Xiang Lu. „A Host-Based Anomaly Detection Framework Using XGBoost and LSTM for IoT Devices“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (05.10.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838571.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly spreading in various application scenarios through its salient features in ubiquitous device connections, ranging from agriculture and industry to transportation and other fields. As the increasing spread of IoT applications, IoT security is gradually becoming one of the most significant issues to guard IoT devices against various cybersecurity threats. Usually, IoT devices are the main components responsible for sensing, computing, and transmitting; in this case, how to efficiently protect the IoT device itself away from cyber attacks, like malware, virus, and worm, becomes the vital point in IoT security. This paper presents a brand new architecture of intrusion detection system (IDS) for IoT devices, which is designed to identify device- or host-oriented attacks in a lightweight manner in consideration of limited computation resources on IoT devices. To this end, in this paper, we propose a stacking model to couple the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model together for the abnormal state analysis on the IoT devices. More specifically, we adopt the system call sequence as the indicators of abnormal behaviors. The collected system call sequences are firstly processed by the famous n-gram model, which is a common method used for host-based intrusion detections. Then, the proposed stacking model is used to identify abnormal behaviors hidden in the system call sequences. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we establish a real-setting IP camera system and place several typical IoT attacks on the victim IP camera. Extensive experimental evaluations show that the stacking model has outperformed other existing anomaly detection solutions, and we are able to achieve a 0.983 AUC score in real-world data. Numerical testing demonstrates that the XGBoost-LSTM stacking model has excellent performance, stability, and the ability of generalization.

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Fonseca, William Da Silva, und Paula Ghedini Der Agopian. „The Impact of Spacer Oxide Material on the Underlapped SOI-nFinFET Working as Charged Based Radiation Sensor“. Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, Nr. 2 (16.08.2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.461.

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In this work, the influence of the underlap region on the electrical behavior of a SOI-nFinFET transistor has been studied with the purpose of radiation sensing. The analysis was performed by evaluating the impact of variations in the underlap region on the on-state current and by studying its sensitivity. The impact of the underlap region on the drain current and, consequently, on the devices’ sensitivity was explained by the analysis of series resistance, the fringing field and electron density. Considering the main impact of radiation in these devices, the study of sensitivity was also performed taking into consideration the variation of oxide trapped charges density. When applying the transistor to a harsh environment, the Underlapped FinFET showed to be a quite respectable radiation sensor, since the results performed with very good sensitivities when using long and narrow spacer oxide with low permittivity oxide. With thicker spacer oxide in the underlap region, the charge concentration makes the spreading field high enough to overcome the series resistance effect, which results in a less sensible device. Once presented the on-state current variation of the Underlapped FinFET, the study turns radiation-sensing purpose applicable using the excellent characteristics of this device, which is shown in detail throughout this work.

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ISAEV, Veniamin I., Andrey V. MALTSEV und Andrey A. KARPOV. „STUDY OF POTENTIAL INCREASING OF SHORT DRIVEN PILE LOADING-CARRYING ABILITY THROUGH SPREADING DEVICE IN UPPER PART“. Urban construction and architecture 6, Nr. 4 (15.12.2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.04.5.

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Results of experimental studies of loading-carrying ability of short driven pile with tapered spreading device in upper part are presented. Research is undertaken on physical models of piles of the same length and different spread widening. To solve the problem testing tray with necessary loading and reference systems is created. Experimental data permit to carry out a quality analysis of pile loading-carrying ability trough proposed construction solution.

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Yonathan, Alfius. „Analysis of Twitter-based Malware Propagation using SIR Epidemic Model“. Journal of Applied Information, Communication and Technology 5, Nr. 1 (28.04.2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/ejaict.v5i1.45.

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This paper presented an analysis of malware propagation scenario in which attacker exploit news spreading dynamics on Twitter. The malware propagation starts with an attacker crafting tweets about breaking news, event or tragedy that will lure user to click the short-URL provided in the tweet which then redirect user to malicious website, which in turn installed the malware in the user mobile device or computer. As the information spread in the Twitter then more users will be infected with malware. The underlying principle to analyze this type of malware propagation is that the spreading of information in Twitter can be modeled by using formal epidemic model of disease. The simulation result of the model shows parameters that highly impacting the spread of malware using Twitter as the medium.

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Sun, Ted X., und G. E. Jabbour. „Combinatorial Screening and Optimization of Luminescent Materials and Organic Light-Emitting Devices“. MRS Bulletin 27, Nr. 4 (April 2002): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.98.

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AbstractThe rapid development of modern photonic technologies—for example, mercury-free lamps, flat-panel displays, and solid-state lamps—demands the timely discovery of advanced phosphors. A combinatorial process has been developed to dramatically accelerate the experimental search for such phosphors. High-density phosphor “libraries” containing from 100 to over 1000 discrete chemical compositions on a 1 in. × 1 in. substrate have been made in thin-film or powder form using selective vapor deposition and liquid-dispensing techniques, respectively. In this article, the existing methods of combinatorial synthesis and screening of phosphors will be reviewed with examples. These methods may also be used to screen organic-based solid-state materials and optimize their device properties. In this regard, combinatorial and spreading techniques have been utilized to study and rapidly optimize organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs).

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M. Almufti, Saman, Ridwan B. Marqas, Zakiya A. Nayef und Tamara S. Mohamed. „Real Time Face-mask Detection with Arduino to Prevent COVID-19 Spreading“. Qubahan Academic Journal 1, Nr. 2 (17.04.2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48161/qaj.v1n2a47.

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The rise of COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact in many countries worldwide since 2019. Face-mask detection had been significant progress in the Image processing and deep learning fields studies. Many face detection models have been designed using different algorithms and techniques. The proposed approach in this paper developed to avoid mask-less people from entering to a desired places (i.e. Mall, University, Office, …etc.) by detecting face mask using deep learning, TensorFlow, Keras, and OpenCV and sending a signal to Arduino device that connected to the gate to be open. it detect a face in a real-time and identifies whether the person wear mask or not. The method attains accuracy up to 97.80%. The dataset provided in this paper, was collected from various sources.

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