Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Sport Science“

This paper describes main sports institutions of the world which provide scientific maintenance of training and competitions for elite athletes: English Institute for Sport, Manchester; School of Sport,Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University; Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft; Institut für Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft; United States Olympic Training Centers; Sports Science Institute of North Africa, Newlands; Australian institute of Sport. Structures of sports science center has been studied, as well as main directions of their activity, links with governmental institutes, other scientific institutions, sports federations and so on.

The awareness that sports was an international science that emerged in the mid of 20th century, and in Indonesia it was officially acknowledged in 1998 by an sport science declaration. The application of psychology in sports was to support the sport talent in a person could be well developed without any constraints in his/her personality. Eksistensialisme is a branch of the Phylosophy that reflects that men always exists in his/her life. Phylosophgy played important role in integrating many science reviews that could be formulated in sports having ontology, episthemology, and axiology dimensions which was in line with other sciences. Sport Psychology and Phylosophy reviews reveal the importance of the “root” of them in order to develop it, as well as to introduce sport psychology in Indonesia.

Purpose The sport sector is a very competitive and dynamic industry, son intrapreneurial employees are needed. However, although entrepreneurial intentions in sport sciences students have been studied, less is known about intrapreneurial intentions. It is, therefore, the purpose of this paper to validate a scale to measure the intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students from two different countries. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 304 final-year students from the sport sector of two different countries (Spain and Lithuania) was analyzed. First, an exploratory factorial analysis of the two samples was performed separately, and then a confirmatory factorial analysis was carried out to performed. Finally, in order to check the invariance of the measuring instrument, a multi-group analysis was performed with the constraints of all factors variances and all factors loading. Findings The entrepreneurial intentions scale works well both in its English version in the Lithuanian sports students’ and in its Spanish version with the university sports students from Spain. Therefore, it can be said that there is a metric invariance. However, the scale presents better fit indexes, reliability and validity in its English version. Lithuanian sports students scored significantly higher on the risk-taking dimension than Spanish students. Research limitations/implications The scale has only been validated with final-year sport science students from two countries. It is necessary to test this scale with a larger sample of students from different fields and countries. Practical implications This scale can be used in both in Spanish and English versions to detect potential entrepreneurs in the sports sector, so it can help universities and employers to detect future intraentrepreneurs in the sports sector. Social implications Social implication of this paper is the detection of potential entrepreneurs who can improve economic, social or sports performance in organizations or sports companies. Originality/value A new tool to detect the potential sport intrapreneurs in university students has been created. Moreover, a cross-cultural validation of the intrapreneurial intentions scale (in English and Spanish version) with sport sciences students from two different countries has been performed.

Abstract This paper provides a discussion on various aspects and features of the concept of the social sciences of sport. The concept originated recently and was formulated in 2007 during the preparations for the establishment of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport. The Society, however, was not formed until the beginning of 2009. Among other things, the concept includes such academic disciplines and fields as sport sociology, sport philosophy, sport psychology, sport pedagogy, the history of physical fitness, sport and Olympism, sport politics and the international conditions of sport, sport economics, sport organizations and management, the social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, the social relations regarding training and sport tactics, as well as the humanistic theory of martial arts. The author presents a growth in interest of different social aspects and issues of sport at the beginning of the twentieth century. He indicates the significant development of sport during the second half of the last century, especially towards its end and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The social sciences of sport was also underlined as the reason for the creation of a new, dynamically developing cognitive paradigm. According to the Author, it is mainly connected with the institutional and functional, organizational and methodological conditions of the social science of sport which specifically complemented the educational and research standards for the academic community around the globe. The Author emphasizes the social sciences of sport’s distinctive and autonomous part in sport science due to its specific and detailed merit-related issues and methodological foundations. He also stresses that not only does natural science (particularly biological science) play an important role in sport science, but also that the social science of sport has a vital and fundamental value in it. In his opinion, natural (biological) science in relation to sport refers mainly to one person’s organism, whereas social science refers, for the most part, to the axiological, cultural, symbolical, esthetic, ethical perception of physical exertion. Moreover, research conducted in this field encompasses the professional, pragmatic, utilitarian, cathartic, escapist, ludic, hedonistic, epistemological and recreational aspects of differently perceived professional sports or sport for all. The Author points out that the amount of available courses - lectures, classes, seminars - in the field of social sciences themselves, as well as in the social science of sport, is being gradually reduced, which undoubtedly lowers not only the knowledge, but also the perception, interpretation, explanation and comprehension of sport in the context of the humanistic approach. Furthermore, he indicates this trend’s influential role in the development of common-sense thinking, which makes opinion-forming and valuable comments on the subject of sport undergo cognitive deformations. He points out its negative influence on the listeners, audience and fans’ consciousness, opinion and attitude, as well as on the interpretative context of the observed events - not only ones associated with sport, but also those happening beyond it, for instance in social, family, peer, professional, political and religious life.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to discuss the redefinition of the Physical Education, Health, and Sport Sciences (PEHSS) in Japan by considering its originality.METHODS The method of this study is reflective consideration in philosophy. The steps of this consideration are understanding of the study of PEHSS, analysis of its current status, extensions and inclusions of the study kinesiology/biomechanics and sport movement & behaviour that related to the PEHSS, and my opinion and proposals regarding the study of PEHSS.RESULTS First, the “Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences (JSPEHSS)” is commonly known as the “TAIIKU-GAKKAI” in Japanese. The JSPEHSS is cooperation with science and research bodies of The Science Council of Japan and belongs to the Branches of Health and Sport Sciences in the Life Sciences Section. In addition, PEHSS is included in the Health Science, especially, rehabilitation, sports, physical education, nutrition, and health science-related at the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Second, the name and the purpose of the JSPEHSS have undergone several revisions. These revisions have been influenced by the shift from “Physical Education” to “Sports” in Japanese society and culture. Third, kinesiology in Japan has established two standpoints which are biomechanics and theory of sport movement & behaviour. Coaching is included in the latter standpoint.CONCLUSIONS I propose that the alternative name for the study of PEHSS be changed to “the system of knowledge related to human body and movement practice.” The reasons for my opinion are that PEHSS is a field based on human “practice,” the object of research is the human body and movement practice/ physical activity in general, and the research method is integrated/synthetic science, including Natural Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences.

Sport analytics promises to use Big Data and sophisticated statistical methods to identify effective strategies in sports—“the Moneyball moment.” However, much like alchemy, sport analytics is characterized by opacity and secrecy, and outside of baseball, evidence of success that would meet the usual scientific criteria is limited. An example is used to demonstrate that quite simple models can match more complex ones in terms of prediction. Like alchemy, sport analytics can deliver important advances in our understanding, but some problems need to be addressed. These include the need to incorporate theory, reconciling the pursuit of profit with scientific principles, and focusing on prediction as a measure of progress.

Introduction The 19th Congress of the Austrian Sport Science Society (“Österreichische Sportwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, ÖSG”), held in Innsbruck, Austria, centered on the theme of” Embracing Interdisciplinarity in Sport Science.” The idea of interdisciplinarity in sport science has been discussed for over three decades and stems from its position as a cross-sectional discipline integrating various natural and social sciences such as training science, sports medicine, biomechanics, sport pedagogy, sport psychology, sport sociology, and sport history. More recently, sports economy and sports management have also emerged as significant areas within sport science. Sports science is characterized by its strong practical relevance. It often focuses on applied research, where interdisciplinarity plays a critical role. Interdisciplinary work is a particularly important factor when approaching sport science from a problem-based perspective (Güllich & Krüger, 2022). Specifically, we argue that interdisciplinarity becomes crucial when we are trying to develop solutions for complex challenges in sport, the health sector, and society in general. For example, an interdisciplinary approach in sport science might merge aspects of psychology, physiology, and sociology with expertise of medical professionals to study and realize health promotion strategies. For the purpose of this editorial, we understand interdisciplinarity as a collaboration between individuals from different scientific disciplines but also from different professions with the goal of combining knowledge and methods to create new solutions for complex societal problems. This can range from the simple communication of ideas and experiences to mutual integration of concepts, methodologies, procedures, or data sharing (Zaiț et al., 2021). We think that sport scientists can and should take a leading role in such collaborations given their unique cross-disciplinary education related to human health, performance, and well-being. Leadership in interdisciplinary collaborations may be an opportunity for us as sport scientists to strengthen our profile and image in the society and to take responsibility in addressing societal challenges (Hottenrott et al., 2017). In preparation of this year’s ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024, we tried to embrace this idea of interdisciplinarity in sport science. Before the event, we conducted an online survey across the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) to identify current societal challenges that sport science should address and help with developing solutions. In parallel, we assessed the perceived importance of interdisciplinary work among sport scientists and related professions. Potential respondents to the survey were mainly contacted through the communication channels of the ÖSG and its equivalent associations in Germany (dvs) and Switzerland (SGS). Consequently, respondents included sport scientists as well as professionals from other fields who follow or are part of the activities of sport science associations. The findings of the survey were used in three different ways and will be described in this editorial: to summarize the most frequently mentioned challenges and topics that sport science should address and help with developing solutions, to develop an “Interdisciplinary Innovation Workshop” for the ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024 where delegates transform the identified challenges into specific problems that can be solved, and to compare the survey results with the content of the scientific abstracts submitted to the ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024 and determine the alignment between the identified challenges and current research topics within the ÖSG community. The survey – Current challenges for sport science and beyond The survey responses were analyzed in MAXQDA 24 (VERBI software, 2021). The MAXQDA AI-Assist tool was used to suggest an initial coding scheme to group responses into categories. Two researchers refined the scheme into a final code set, independently coded the participants’ responses, and discussed mismatches to agree on the final code assignments. The survey yielded 176 responses, of which 85 were fully completed. Respondents (42% women) had a mean age of 40.2 years (± 13.8). Regarding their primary professional field, 34% identified as scientists working at a university, college, or research institution, 26% were healthcare professionals (e.g., physicians or therapists), 15% worked in the private sector including self-employment, 13% were students or educators, and 12% were either coaches, athletes, or employed within a sports federation. 91% reported that interdisciplinarity was a key component of their work. The most frequently mentioned challenges fell into the category of “prevention and rehabilitation” (34%), followed by “job profiles related to sport science and exercise therapy” (23%), “sport science mission for research and education” (11%), “broader societal issues” (5%), “structural development of organized and non-organized sports” (5%), “inclusion and integration through sports” (4%), “self-awareness and self-reflection” (3%), “technological progress” (2%), “financing” (2%), and “elite sports” (2%; orange bars in Figure 1). Coding was not possible for 5% of the answers. The workshop – Transforming challenges into specific problems Building on the findings of the survey, we collaborated with the ikivox collective (Nyon, France, https://ikivox.org/en/) to develop an “Interdisciplinary Innovation Workshop” held at the ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024. With the help of ikivox who specialize in collective intelligence and collaborative design approaches, we designed a workshop with the following objectives: to transform the identified challenges into specific problems that can be solved with innovative solutions to experience interdisciplinary collaboration and new ways of working together to position the Austrian Sport Science Society (ÖSG) as an enabler, bringing value to its members to improve exchange about sport science in Austria to identify whether the teamwork could continue on some topics after the Congress with the support of the ÖSG Eventually, 42 Congress delegates signed up for the workshop and could choose to work on one of the following challenges: “physical inactivity at the work place”, “physical inactivity in children”, “image of sport science in society”, “role of exercise therapists in medical teams”, “influence of menstrual cycle on athletic performance”, “health awareness in society”, “inclusion of bodily disabled individuals as participants in public sport events”, and “integration of girls and women with migration background through sports”. This format of collaboration may provide a framework for future interdisciplinary initiatives within the ÖSG and beyond. The Congress abstracts – Comparing the identified challenges with actual research topics at the ÖSG Congress Having identified current challenges for sport science, it seemed of interest to compare those challenges with the content of the submitted scientific contributions to the ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024. The Congress received 78 contributions including 60 regular abstracts, 12 Young Investigator Award submissions and 6 extended abstracts. Five section editors managed the peer-review process and drew on the expertise of 45 peer reviewers. Each contribution was evaluated and rated by two independent reviewers. Critical feedback of reviewers had to be addressed by the authors in revised abstract submissions. Following the revision round, 75 contributions were accepted for presentation at the Congress. The contributions spanned a wide range of research areas including “biomechanics, motor control & sports technology” (26% of abstracts), “sport psychology & pedagogy” (25%), “sports medicine, exercise therapy & public health” (20%), “sports physiology & exercise science” (16%), “sports sociology, economy & management” (14%). Of all contributions, 64 were presented orally and 11 as poster presentations while 65 abstracts were published in the Congress proceedings. When applying the same code set to the abstract submission, we found a remarkable similarity to the survey findings in that 34% of abstracts fell into the category of “prevention and rehabilitation” (blue bars in Figure 1). However, we also found clear mismatches: the content of the abstracts focused much more on “technological progress” (21% vs. 2% in survey), and “elite sports” (15% vs. 2% in survey). Further, while 23% of the survey respondents highlighted challenges in “job profiles related to sport science and exercise therapy”, none of the conference abstracts addressed this topic, indicating a gap between perceived challenges and ongoing research. Summary and outlook At this year’s ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024, we tried to embrace interdisciplinarity in sport science by taking a problem-based approach to sport science. Based on a pre-Congress survey, we identified key challenges within sports and society in general that should be addressed by sport scientists. The most frequently mentioned challenges were related to the topic of “rehabilitation and prevention”, specifically physical inactivity in children and at the workplace. At the Congress, delegates participated in an “Interdisciplinary Innovation Workshop” to work on the identified challenges and transform them into more approachable and specific problems. Interestingly, the topic of “rehabilitation and prevention over the lifespan” was also dominant in a third of scientific contributions to the Congress, showing alignment between perceived challenges and research efforts in the ÖSG community. In contrast, the topics of “elite sports” and “technological progress” were highly represented in Congress abstracts but were not perceived as current challenges in the survey. In turn, more than 20% of survey respondents perceived challenges related to the job profile of sport science alumni and exercise therapists, which were not addressed by Congress abstracts. This potentially highlights the discrepancies between a discipline-based and problem-based applied approach to sport science: In many sub-disciplines of sport science, pushing the boundaries of human performance and health – often with the help of new technologies – remains an important and central basic science goal. However, there may be no apparent or immediate transfer to current challenges in society. From our perspective, both approaches to sport science are valuable as well as needed and we argue that interdisciplinary workshops and initiatives as organized at the ÖSG Congress in Innsbruck 2024 can help to facilitate the transfer of scientific findings from the sport science sub-disciplines to the solution of current challenges in society. The ÖSG plans to facilitate annual meetings of working groups formed at the innovation workshop to support ongoing work on the identified problems, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, supporting activity within the society, and widening the impact of sport scientists in complex societal challenges. Author contributions JB, GR, KS, LSM, and MM were the section editors for the Congress abstracts. LR and MM conducted the pre-Congress survey and analyzed the responses as well as the Congress abstract content. LR wrote the first editorial draft. All authors edited and approved the final editorial version. References Güllich, A., & Krüger, M. (2022). Sport: Das Lehrbuch für das Sportstudium [Sport: The textbook for sports studies]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hottenrott, K., Baldus, A., Braumann, K.-M., Hartmann-Tews, I., Holzweg, M., Kuhlmann, D., Seyfarth, A., Strauß, B., Sygusch, R., & Vogt, L. (2017). Memorandum Sportwissenschaft [Memorandum sports science]. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 47(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0476-x Zaiț, A., Bratianu, C., Vătămănescu, E.-M., Andrei, A. G., & Horodnic, I. A. (2021). Interdisciplinarity: A complexity approach towards academic research. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 38(3), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2758

Abstract Sport is the research object of variety of sciences. But, what is sport and how to think it? The aim of this article is to give some basic thoughts about the nature of sport and to present, confront and evaluate different concepts of science with their different rival approaches and understanding of sport. In general three major groups of sciences can be differentiated: natural sciences and social sciences which share common quantitative (empirical and mathematical based) methodology of research, and human sciences or humanities with their method of reflection (the analysis of concepts and rational argumentation) which go beyond empirically measurable things. Because of different scientific approaches, different understanding and concepts of sport arise which try to prevail over in society. Our comprehension of sport is therefore greatly influenced by pre-accepted methodological position. If sport is equated with physical human body movement, then natural science with its empirical methodology seems to be adequate way for cognition of sport. For social scientists sport has important role in society, therefore it cannot be reduced to mere “body movement”. But humanists would say that sport is more than “body in movement” with influence in society: sport is a powerful idea or concept which needs a special unempirical method of research. Therefore human sciences with their rational reflection of human (personal) experiences can reveal us additional, but yet familiar dimensions of sport. Although their method is not empirically objective, they can deal with important life matters, moreover, their “a priori” qualitative approach to sport can give meaning and make sense out of sport, reflect about the aim and purpose of sport as well as make some ethical considerations about sport. In the article some examples are given and some problems regarding reduction of sport science to just one scientific approach are considered.

A Critical Feminist perspective and data from the nationally representative National Educational Longitudinal Study are used to explore the relationship between involvement in sports and success in science for a recent cohort of high school aged women. We also consider whether women from different social classes and racial/ethnic groups and with different sport experiences derive similar benefits from sport. Variation in sport experience involves a consideration of type of sport (e.g., basketball vs. track), type of team (e.g., varsity vs. intramural), age of athlete (middle school vs. high school sophomore vs. high school senior), and leadership roles (e.g., captain). Our findings show that sport has mostly positive consequences for young women’s science attainment, although these effects are smaller than for a 1980 cohort of female athletes. These benefits exist across types of sport, teams, and levels of involvement but are their greatest in the sophomore year of high school. In contrast to earlier cohorts, we find that for this recent cohort, sport participation positively affects the science attainment of women from various subgroups—white, Hispanic, upper-ses and lower-ses. However, young African-American women see very little benefit from sport. Implications of these findings are discussed.

The relationships between sport sciences and sports are complex and changeable, and it is not clear how they reciprocally influence each other. By looking at the relationship between sport sciences and the “new” (~30-year-old) sport of triathlon, together with changes in scientific fields or topics that have occurred between 1984 and 2006 (278 publications), one observes that the change in the sport itself (eg, distance of the events, wetsuit, and drafting) can influence the specific focus of investigation. The sport-scientific fraternity has successfully used triathlon as a model of prolonged strenuous competition to investigate acute physiological adaptations and trauma, as support for better understanding cross-training effects, and, more recently, as a competitive sport with specific demands and physiological features. This commentary discusses the evolution of the scientific study of triathlon and how the development of the sport has affected the nature of scientific investigation directly related to triathlon and endurance sport in general.

Golf is often seen as a leisurely sport and is considered to be the most popular outdoor sport. Most importantly, Golf is a remarkable fusion of art and science. This research explores the profound scientific understandings that govern the dynamics of golf, from the physics of ball flight to the biomechanics of the swing. It delves into the intricacies of golf equipment design, the influence of weather conditions, and the impact of golf on physical and mental well-being. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and empirical studies, this research signifies the fusion of golf and science, offering a holistic understanding of this age-old game's modern facets. The paper concludes by shedding light on the potential of golf as a platform for understanding the dynamics behind the sport and its contributions to the wider domain of sports science.

It may seem redundant to address Sport as a development trigger but, sometimes, redundancy is necessary for someone to be heard.The commanding voices of Philosophy in the XXth century take sciences as trivial, by expressing the notion that Science has nothing to do with the ontological and metaphysical statutes of men.What is at stake is too much important, as the attack is not aimed at Sciences, organizations and institutions, nor at the people, but rather against Reason itself.We found ourselves immersed in irrationalities and superstitions in the most primitive form of belief. Worldwide there are three times more astrologists than there are physics. In Portugal, also in Sport, there are numberless stand-coaches and pseudo-writers, which all speak and write about exercise and appear as public opinion makers, stating banalities that discredit Sport and its professionals.In western science, what is axiomatic is not merely the concept of progress, but rather the concept of constant and unlimited progress. And we take for granted this lack of limits… Indeed, it seems …… In fact, it is a deeply enigmatic assumption, taking into account the metaphysical meaning of the term. And it is from these assumptions that we must analyse the role of Sport and Exercise. Biological life may be increased in duration, but death will come: and the challenge is therefore the quality of an extended life. In Sport and exercise, progress has more than a technical relevance, it has an ontological relevance: the enhancement of a life cycle.Sport is, therefore, an immeasurable asset and holds opportunity to induce peace and be a promoter of several social causes.Sport is one of the possible, perhaps the main, cultural objectification and historical form of movement. This is only possible by valuing the fundamental character of the body in motion, because it is upon it that the sports body is installed and merges. Even giving it a fundamental meaning, it has not yet found its value due to the failure in the evaluation of its return, whether educational, social, health, economic or structural.The importance of Sport and its institutions cannot be measured, as much as some state so, by performance indicators in an international setting (this leads to unfair, unproportioned comparisons among sports with different density and international coverage).A message that, unfortunately, has passed to general society, involving risks to lower even more the national sport involvement is: resources must be mainly focused in the few sports with international merit. With time, this will end up in an overall failure of national Sport, and subsequently a progressive underfinancing of the Sport will appear.Every organization that deal with Sport cannot deviate from what is its main mission, to organize, promote and spread the Sport for a permanent and constant demonstration that what is done and how it’s done fully respect the high public interest and, ultimately, serves the people.This role is also that of Science.

Many studies on sports education have been conducted, some of which are published and disseminated through scientific journals. Publication by scientific journals is a part of scientific communication. It demands a review of the existing research to understand the conceptual structure of certain studies, especially the time they intersect with one another, such as sports education. In the database, sport education articles are commonly categorized into the subject of Education & Educational Research and/or Sport Sciences. This study aimed to obtain an overview of the similarities and differences in the conceptual structure of sport education studies included in the subject of Education & Educational Research and Sport Sciences. It employed a database from the Web of Science using the bibliometric method. Bibliometric analysis was performed with Bibliometric Package, a Built-in R tool. One of our key findings lies in the similarities and differences between the two. We also explored some implications in the discussion section. This paper completed the existing kinds of literature with additional insights for researchers and practitioners of sports education to consider and find future research directions. The results suggested similarities and differences in mapping between the two subjects, including timespans, percentages of annual growth rate, average ages, average citations per doc, references, keywords, and international collaboration. Keywords: bibliometric analysis; conceptual structure; scientific communication; sports education; Sport Sciences.

The goal of this study is to analyse the scientific productivity of Montenegrin researchers in the field of sports sciences, as well as the trend of publishing in Montenegrin sports sciences journals. The research covers studies with a focus on the sports sciences issues published in the period from 2002 to 2019. Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (the electronic databases) were searched for articles available until September 22, 2021. Results were summarized according to the instructions of PRISMA guidelines and present the number of citations, h-index, i10-index and the number of articles by the authors. The study results shows that researchers from the field of sports sciences publish multiple publications in 2021 compared to 2002. In Google scholar database citation rate is highest, and span from 596 and 14959. On the other side, the same researchers were cited quite less in Scopus and Web of Science databases. When we talk about Montenegrin journals, three are registered in the Google Scholar Database. The Sport Mont journal is the most cited one with the highest h-index (44); the Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine is the best ranked Montenegrin journal according to the bibliometric data from the Scopus and Web of Science databases; the Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education have constant progress in the last years. It was indicated the highest impact was recognized in the last four years, according to citations of available articles published by Montenegrin authors. Also, the number of published articles in the last four year is significant, and progress can be expected in the future.

This paper considers the current status of physical education and sport science in Indonesia from the perspective of the development of the professional knowledge base and research culture surrounding its practice. It seeks to place the field’s development within the broader context of international sport studies from 1945 to 2020. It identifies as major influences the process of globalisation and the growth of international sport as a significant political and economic entity. Physical education is acknowledged as a common historical base for the three modern strands within contemporary sports studies – medical /and health science, high performance studies, and sports business management. Future developments are considered in the context of the current pandemic. Covid19 and the world’s response to it has impacted on some key dimensions which underpin the current global sports economy – namely easy and convenient travel and the gathering of crowds in the widespread consumption of live sport. It is suggested that this might cause a major reset in the conduct of elite sport and sport festivals. The continuing growth of the physical activity and health sector is predicted and in the context of the serious challenges facing the sporting sector a case is made for increased resources to be moved back into the educational study and practice of sport and physical activity as a universal good.

Abstract Background Netball is the one of the most popular women’s sports in the world. Since gaining professional status in 2008 there has been a rapid growth in research in the applied sports science and medicine of the sport. A scoping review of the area would provide practitioners and researchers with an overview of the current scientific literature to support on-court performance, player welfare and reduce injury. Objective The primary objective was to identify the current research on the applied sports science and medicine of netball. Additionally, the article provides a brief summary of the research in each topic of sports science and medicine in netball and identifies gaps in the current research. Methods Systematic searches of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL were undertaken from earliest record to Dec 2020 and reference lists were manually searched. The PRISMA-ScR protocol was followed. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated netball as a sport or the applied sport science and medicine of netball athletes. Results 962 studies were identified in the initial search, 150 of which met the inclusion criteria. Injury was the most highly investigated sport science and medicine topic (n = 45), followed by physical qualities (n = 37), match characteristics (n = 24), biomechanics (n = 15), psychology (n = 13), fatigue and recovery (n = 9), training load (n = 4) and nutrition (n = 3). A range of cohorts were used from school to elite and international standards. All cohorts were female netballers, except for one study. A rapid growth in studies over recent years was demonstrated with 65% of studies published in the last decade. There still remains gaps in the literature, with a low evidence base for nutrition, training load and fatigue and recovery. Conclusion This scoping review summarises the current evidence base and key findings that can be used in practice to enhance the applied sport science and medical support to netball athletes across a range of playing standards, and support the growth of the sport. It is evident that netball as a sport is still under-researched.

Computer Science in Sport is a cross-disciplinary topic that brings together the problem-solving capabilities of Computer Science to various theoretical and practical aspects of all sports and physical activities [...]

Sport science has gained vast popularity with students who have an interest in both physiology and the underpinning mechanisms of exercise concerning performance and health. The high numbers of graduates each year, coupled with the low number of graduate positions working in sports, has led to a high level of competition between students. To stand out from the crowd, sport science students may undertake an internship placement as part of their course, designed to enhance theoretical, practical, and soft skills in an applied setting. In the present article, we highlight some of the positives and negatives of sport science internships and ways in which they can be implemented and facilitated. Suggestions have also been provided to make students more aware of the reality of working in professional sports, which includes awareness of the potential for long and unsociable hours of work.

Abstract Sports informatics and computer science in sport are perhaps the most exciting and fast-moving disciplines across all of sports science. The tremendous parallel growth in digital technology, non-invasive sensor devices, computer vision and machine learning have empowered sports analytics in ways perhaps never seen before. This growth provides great challenges for new entrants and seasoned veterans of sports analytics alike. Keeping pace with new technological innovations requires a thorough and systematic understanding of many diverse topics from computer programming, to database design, machine learning algorithms and sensor technology. Nevertheless, as quickly as the state of the art technology changes, the foundation skills and knowledge about computer science in sport are lasting. Furthermore, resources for students and practitioners across this range of areas are scarce, and the new-release textbook Computer Science in Sport: Research and Practice edited by Professor Arnold Baca, provides much of the foundation knowledge required for working in sports informatics. This is certainly a comprehensive text that will be a valuable resource for many readers.

Background. The purposes of this study were to determine the quantitative characteristics of the articles published in sports and exercise psychology journals in four quartiles of Web of Science and to understand whether these characteristics had any effect on citation. Methods. Sport and exercise psychology journals indexed under the Sport Sciences subject category were included in the study. A total of 172 articles published in 2017, which was the most recent date meeting inclusion criteria, were collected from four sport and exercise psychology journals included: Psychology of Sport and Exercise (Q1), Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (Q2), Sport Psychologist (Q3), and International Journal of Sport Psychology (Q4). Results. The articles published in Q1 journal were multi-institutional and multinational. Besides, they had longer abstracts and discussions and cited more references. The results revealed that multinational articles and articles with structured abstracts had higher citations than single country articles and articles with unstructured abstracts. The number of affiliated countries and references, and longer titles, abstracts, and introductions were found significantly associated with the number of citations. The bibliometric analysis indicated that the UK, the USA, and Canada were the major contributing countries. Conclusion. This study is the first attempt to investigate the characteristics of articles published in different WoS quartiles within the field of sports and exercise psychology. The findings of the study may help researchers to improve their citation count. Keywords: scientific productivity, essential science indicators, journal impact factor, Web of Science, scientometrics.

Based on an overview of the sport sciences as systemized in research groups that share paradigmatic premises, I will discuss how the various groups meet expectations on knowledge transfer (KT). KT refers to a variety of activities with the aim of mutually beneficial collaboration between universities, the public and the voluntary sector, and businesses. The discussion reveals how sport research groups tend to reproduce the traditional KT strategies of their scientific traditions. For example, exercise science and sport medicine aim at enhancing evidence-based practice in performance development and/or health promotion. Typically, the social sciences and humanities offer critical analyses of (asymmetric) sporting power structures and system (dys)functions, and proposals for system change. As an alternative, examples are given from sport science interaction with public authorities and international sport organizations in which KT strategies are combined and work in complementary and mutually beneficial ways. Summing up, it is pointed to the significance for sport science institutions and research groups of developing and implementing best practice KT models.

A sport injury is a type of injury which can be defined as any kind of injury, pain or physical damage that occurs during sports, exercise, or any physical activity. Sports medicine helps people in improving their performance in sports, fast recovery from injury and prevent future injuries. Ayurveda being the oldest science to serve mankind can prove to be the best science in management of the sport injuries. Various methods mentioned in Ayurveda classics like Vyayama (physical exercise), Abhyanga (an-ointment), Rasayana (rejuvenation) Therapy, Marma (vi- tal points) Therapy, yogic practices, Pranayamas (meditation technique) etc. proves to be a boon for a sports person for his performance as well as to overcome the physical and mental trauma suffered during the sport. Keywords: sport injury, sport medicine, Vyayama, Marma INTRODUCTION A sport injury is a type of injury which can be defined as any kind of injury, pain or physical damage that oc- curs during sports, exercise, or any physical activity. It is most commonly the musculoskeletal injuries which include muscle, bones, cartilage and associated tissue. Sports injuries can be caused by an accident, impact,

The Center for Diagnostics in Sport, which is an integral part of the Faculty for Sport and Physical Education University of Montenegro, was established in 2017. It was accredited by the Ministry of Science and systematized by the University of Montenegro. The main function of the Center is to conduct research that will contribute to the improvement of scientific work in the field of sports sciences, as well as scientific branches and disciplines that are directly or indirectly related to sport and sports science. During the first year of its work, the Center justified its purpose and from May 20 to October 27 teachers of the Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, carried out 40 anthropometric measurements having tested individuals, clubs and national teams of different age groups from the country and abroad. In this paper, we classified the performed tests according to the countries where the athletes come from, as well as according to sports; separately for national teams, clubs and individuals. It was determined that the majority of the tested athletes were from Montenegro; even 22 national teams passed the tests. It was also determined from which sports there was the largest number of tested participants, as well as who the tested individuals were. Further research, which will include anthropometric measurements from 2018, can be based on this research. In addition, this research is significant because it gives an overview of all tests performed during the first year of work of the Center for Diagnostics in Sport.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how the nationality and the sport education system could affect the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of undergraduate sport science students in two different countries. Design/methodology/approach A total of 249 undergraduate sport sciences (SS) students from Spain and Lithuania were analysed. The EI questioner questionnaire by Liñán and Chen (2009) was used to compile the data during the 2016-2017 academic year. Findings There are significant differences between the sport science students of Spain and Lithuania. The Lithuanian students have significantly higher means in the variables of EI, perceived behaviour control and professional attraction. Moreover, the variables that predict EI are different, and certain path coefficients of the variables are also significantly different. Research limitations/implications The sample originates from one university in each country; therefore, these results may not be generalisable to the entire population. Practical implications The SS degrees in Lithuania and Spain should follow different educational policies with the objective of fostering EI and increasing the number of entrepreneurs. Social implications Creating adequate educational policies to foster entrepreneurship in sports across countries could improve the number of entrepreneurs in the sports sectors; thus, the youth unemployment rate will decrease. Originality/value There has been no previous research that analyses the EI of sport science students across contexts through the theory of planned behaviour. Moreover, there are no studies that compare the EI of university students between Spain (Western Europe) and Lithuania (Eastern Europe).

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and its accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provide general reporting examples for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. However, implementation guidance for sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science does not exist. The Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science (PERSiST) guidance attempts to address this problem. Nineteen content experts collaborated with three methods experts to identify examples of exemplary reporting in systematic reviews in sport and exercise medicine (including physical activity), musculoskeletal rehabilitation (including physiotherapy), and sports science, for each of the PRISMA 2020 Statement items. PERSiST aims to help: (1) systematic reviewers improve the transparency and reporting of systematic reviews and (2) journal editors and peer reviewers make informed decisions about systematic review reporting quality.