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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Spoof effects“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Spoof effects"
1
Mercier, J. F., M. L. Cordero, S. Félix, A. Ourir, and A. Maurel. "Classical homogenization to analyse the dispersion relations of spoof plasmons with geometrical and compositional effects." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (2015): 20150472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0472.
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We show that the classical homogenization is able to describe the dispersion relation of spoof plasmons in structured thick interfaces with periodic unit cell being at the subwavelength scale. This is because the interface in the real problem is replaced by a slab of an homogeneous birefringent medium, with an effective mass density tensor and an effective bulk modulus. Thus, explicit dispersion relation can be derived, corresponding to guided waves in the homogenized problem. Contrary to previous effective medium theories or retrieval methods, the homogenization gives effective parameters depending only on the properties of the material and on the geometry of the microstructure. Although resonances in the unit cell cannot be accounted for within this low-frequency homogenization, it is able to account for resonances occurring because of the thickness of the interface and thus, to capture the behaviour of the spoof plasmons. Beyond the case of simple grooves in a hard material, we inspect the influence of tilting the grooves and the influence of the material properties.
2
Mosavi, M. R., Z. Nasrpooya, and M. Moazedi. "Advanced Anti-Spoofing Methods in Tracking Loop." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 4 (2016): 883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315001010.
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become widespread in many civilian applications. GPS signals are vulnerable to interference and even low-power interference can easily spoof GPS receivers. In this paper, two techniques are proposed based on correlators and adaptive filtering to diminish the effect of spoofing on GPS-based positioning. The suggested algorithms are implemented in the tracking loop of the receiver. As a first method, a high-resolution correlator is utilised to avoid big parts of the influence of interference. To improve the results, a multicorrelator technique is also employed. In the second method, an adaptive filter is used for estimating the parameters of authentic plus spoof signals. Interference elimination is performed by subtracting the estimated conflict effects from the measured correlation function. These techniques provide easy-to-implement quality assurance tools for anti-spoofing. As a primary step, in this article, the proposed algorithms have been implemented in a Software Receiver (SR) to prove the concept of idea in multipath-free environments.
3
Qiu, Li Jun, and Su Ying Xu. "Exploration on the Dual Spool Design of Rotary Hydraulic Valve." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2845.
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There is also a monomer leak valve body on the single spool, Leakage between the guide groove affected the layout of the form guide groove. Two end faces of the single spool work in the different fluid pressure in the chamber. When the working pressure of the hydraulic system is high, the pressure differential will cause the spool bearings subject to large axial force. It will increase the resistance torque of bearing rotation. Effects of axial force also limits the increase spool diameter. Double spool valve with two spool rotation series manner. Each spool in the same pressure in the working medium. Eliminating the axial force of the valve body due to fluid pressure differential generated, also reduces the resistance to rotation of the spool moment and the impact of guide groove arrangement by oil leak, and also the commutation frequency of the rotary valve can be improved by increasing the diameter of the spool.
4
Pan, Xu Dong, Guang Lin Wang, and L. Zhang. "Simulation Study on Spool Edge’s Round Angle Effects on Spool Valve Orifice Discharge Characteristic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.918.
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This paper deals with the effect on orifice discharge characteristic by the round angle of electro-hydraulic servo valve spool metering edge. The machining method of spool metering edge can cause micro round angle on the edge. This paper firstly provides 3D geometry model and computational grids of spool valve where the round angle’s range is 0-10μm and orifice opening is 0-40μm. Secondly calculates the flow rate of the orifice on the constant differential pressure circumstances. The numerical analysis is performed by using the commercial code ‘‘Fluent’’, and the numerical results show the complete flow field inside the valve. The analysis result is to obtain the influence of round angle on discharge characteristic, quantitatively. An experimental result is used in this paper to evaluate and validate the numerical analysis of the valve. The aim of this analysis is to provide a designation reference of the spool valves which are important parts of servo valve.
5
Minias, Piotr, Radosław Włodarczyk, Adrian Surmacki, and Tomasz Iciek. "Silver spoon effects on plumage quality in a passerine bird." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 6 (2015): 140459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140459.
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A silver spoon effect means that individuals who develop under favourable circumstances enjoy a fitness or performance advantage later in life. While there is large empirical support for silver spoon effects acting on different life-history traits in birds, such as survival and reproduction, the evidence for the carry-over effects of rearing conditions on the quality of future plumage generations is lacking. Here, we examined whether abilities of individuals to undergo extensive post-juvenile moult may depend on the quality of juvenile plumage developed during the nestling phase in a small passerine showing large individual variation in the extent of post-juvenile moult, the greenfinch ( Carduelis chloris ). We found that high structural quality and carotenoid chroma of juvenile feathers were positively linked to the extent of post-juvenile moult in this species, thus allowing young birds to attain more adult-like plumage. Silver spoon effects mediated by the juvenile plumage quality were also found to have other fitness-related consequences, as individuals with high-quality juvenile feathers were in better condition during their first winter. As far as we are aware, the results provide the first correlative evidence for a silver spoon effect acting on general plumage quality in birds.
6
Wang, He, Long Quan, Jiahai Huang, Guofang Gong, and Xu Yang. "Reduction of steady flow torques in a single-stage rotary servo valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 233, no. 4 (2018): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408918793402.
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In this paper, geometry optimization of spool is proposed to reduce the steady flow torques in a single-stage rotary servo valve. The steady flow torques under different spool structures are studied by computational fluid dynamics simulation and experimental test and the most effective spool structure is found out. Then, the effects of geometry parameters on the steady flow torques are studied and an optimized solution for reduction of the steady flow torques is suggested by considering the optimization qualities and production costs. The results show that modification of the geometry of spool can make the jet angle at the orifices much closer to 90°, with almost no effect on the flow rate. Processing annular groove in the spool land with increased number of grooves on one side of the spool land is an effective way to reduce the steady flow torques. The maximum value of steady flow torques reduces with a gradual decrease in reduction as the external diameter of annular groove and the number of grooves increase. With the optimized spool structure, the maximum value of steady flow torques can be reduced significantly.
7
Harrar, Vanessa, and Charles Spence. "A weighty matter: The effect of spoon size and weight on food perception." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648288.
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When deciding on a product’s quality, we often pick it up to gauge its weight. If it’s heavy enough, we tend to think that it is good quality. We have recently shown that the weight of a dish can affect the taste and quality perception of the food it contains. Here, we varied the weight of spoons in order to determine whether the weight or size of the cutlery might influence taste perception. Teaspoons and tablespoons were tested, with one of each spoon-size artificially weighted with lead hidden into the handle (teaspoons: 2.35 and 5.67 g, and tablespoons: 3.73 and 10.84 g). Participants tasted yoghurt from each spoon and rated the yoghurt’s perceived density, price, sweetness, and pleasantness. Four within-participant ANOVAs were used to test the effects of spoon size and spoon weight on each attribute. The perceived density of the yoghurt was affected by the spoon’s weight, with yoghurt from light spoons being perceived as thicker than yoghurt sampled from a heavy spoon. The perceived price of the yoghurt also varied with spoon weight such that lighter spoons made the yoghurt taste more expensive. The most reliable effect was an interaction between spoon weight and spoon size on sweetness perception: heavy teaspoons and light tablespoons made the yoghurt appear sweeter. These data support the growing body of research demonstrating that tableware (and silverware) can affect the consumer’s judgements without their being aware.
8
Pigeon, Gabriel, Marco Festa-Bianchet, and Fanie Pelletier. "Long-term fitness consequences of early environment in a long-lived ungulate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1853 (2017): 20170222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0222.
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Cohort effects can be a major source of heterogeneity and play an important role in population dynamics. Silver-spoon effects, when environmental quality at birth improves future performance regardless of the adult environment, can induce strong lagged responses on population growth. Alternatively, the external predictive adaptive response (PAR) hypothesis predicts that organisms will adjust their developmental trajectory and physiology during early life in anticipation of expected adult conditions but has rarely been assessed in wild species. We used over 40 years of detailed individual monitoring of bighorn ewes ( Ovis canadensis ) to quantify long-term cohort effects on survival and reproduction. We then tested both the silver-spoon and the PAR hypotheses. Cohort effects involved a strong interaction between birth and current environments: reproduction and survival were lowest for ewes that were born and lived at high population densities. This interaction, however, does not support the PAR hypothesis because individuals with matching high-density birth and adult environments had reduced fitness. Instead, individuals born at high density had overall lower lifetime fitness suggesting a silver-spoon effect. Early-life conditions can induce long-term changes in fitness components, and their effects on cohort fitness vary according to adult environment.
9
CHOWDHURY, SAYAM U., MOHAMMAD FOYSAL, M. ABDULLAH ABU DIYAN, and SAKIB AHMED. "Discovery of an important wintering site of the Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea in the Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (2017): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000247.
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SummaryThe Critically Endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaeus is one of the most threatened migratory shorebirds in the world, breeding in Russia and wintering in Asia. The global population is declining rapidly and is projected to be extinct within a few decades without intervention. Here, we present the results of shorebird surveys in previously unrecognised site in Bangladesh along the Meghna Estuary, identified for the first time by using species distribution models. Counts and habitat preference of Spoon-billed Sandpipers and other endangered shorebirds are described here with notes on the global importance of the newly discovered site. The sum of the peak counts for each shorebird species across the two surveys was 25,993 including a minimum of 48 Spoon-billed Sandpipers. The majority of the Spoon-billed Sandpipers were observed during low tide while foraging (66.6%) and logistic regression testing for effects on the presence of foraging Spoon-billed Sandpiper indicate that they mainly preferred to forage on shallow mud. We summarise the threats to Spoon-billed Sandpipers and other birds in the new site that is currently not recognized as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention, although it fulfils several Ramsar Criteria. We also propose conservation and monitoring measures for long-term protection of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper and its habitat.
10
Ruan, J., R. Burton, P. Ukrainetz, and Y. M. Xu. "Two-dimensional pressure control valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 9 (2001): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440620121500903.
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The two-dimensional pressure control valve is a piloted control valve which functions by using both linear and rotary motions of a single spool. A groove on the spool land, incorporating a sensing channel, forms the pilot stage to control the pressure of a spool chamber, while the load pressure is fed to the other spool chamber. To sustain the balance of the force across the spool, the load pressure must follow the change of pressure variation along the groove while the spool is in rotary motion. The geometric parameters of the groove and the spool-to-sleeve clearance have significant effects on both the static and dynamic characteristics of the valve. Increasing the sectional size of the groove results in a large Reynolds number and the static property of the valve thus changes from that of linearity owing to the entrance effect. The linearity of the static property is also affected by the leakage through the spool-to-sleeve clearance. The dynamic characteristics of the valve are dependent upon both the structural parameters and the tune constant of the load. The stability and dynamic response were investigated under different structural parameters and time constants of the load using both linear theory and simulation methods. Experiments were designed to obtain the static and dynamic characteristics of the valve and the leakage through the pilot. A balance should be made between the linearity of the static property and the response speed; it was found that both fairly linear static and desired dynamic characteristics could be simultaneously maintained for the two-dimensional pressure control valve.