Zeitschriftenartikel: „Spindle stiffness“

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Yang, Zhaohui, Hui Chen und Tianxiang Yu. „Effects of rolling bearing configuration on stiffness of machine tool spindle“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, Nr. 5 (22.02.2017): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217693659.

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Rolling bearings are widely used in the complex mechanical systems as important components. With the advancement in the manufacturing technology, the requirements of high-performance machining tool became essential. A bearing is one of the most important components of spindle, and it is a crucial factor in determining the overall quality. The configuration of bearings of spindle is the key problem during high-performance spindle design, which influences the performance of spindle, especially stiffness. This paper aims to develop a method to analyze various spindle stiffnesses with different configurations of bearing to support the optimization of spindle. Firstly, a quasi-static model is established to solve stiffness matrix of bearing, and then a spindle-bearing system mathematical model is established. Secondly, the stiffness matrix of bearing is added into the whole system to form an integrated spindle-bearings model. Finally, the spindle stiffness with different bearing configurations are analyzed. The results indicate that the number of bearings influences the spindle radial stiffness and bearing direction affects the spindle axial stiffness. Once the number and direction are specified, reasonable pre-load method, shorter overhang, and proper span can greatly improve the spindle dynamic characteristics. In addition, an experimental spindle is designed and fabricated to test various axial stiffnesses with different bearing configurations, and stiffness characteristics of commonly used bearing configurations are summarized from the experimental results and provide useful guide for the spindle design.

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Loram, Ian D., Martin Lakie, Irene Di Giulio und Constantinos N. Maganaris. „The Consequences of Short-Range Stiffness and Fluctuating Muscle Activity for Proprioception of Postural Joint Rotations: The Relevance to Human Standing“. Journal of Neurophysiology 102, Nr. 1 (Juli 2009): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00007.2009.

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Proprioception comes from muscles and tendons. Tendon compliance, muscle stiffness, and fluctuating activity complicate transduction of joint rotation to a proprioceptive signal. These problems are acute in postural regulation because of tiny joint rotations and substantial short-range muscle stiffness. When studying locomotion or perturbed balance these problems are less applicable. We recently measured short-range stiffness in standing and considered the implications for load stability. Here, using an appropriately simplified model we analyze the conversion of joint rotation to spindle input and tendon tension while considering the effect of short-range stiffness, tendon compliance, fluctuating muscle activity, and fusimotor activity. Basic principles determine that when muscle stiffness and tendon compliance are high, fluctuating muscle activity is the greatest factor confounding registration of postural movements, such as ankle rotations during standing. Passive and isoactive muscle, uncomplicated by active length fluctuations, enable much better registration of joint rotation and require fewer spindles. Short-range muscle stiffness is a degrading factor for spindle input and enhancing factor for Golgi input. Constant fusimotor activity does not enhance spindle registration of postural joint rotations in actively modulated muscle: spindle input remains more strongly associated with muscle activity than joint rotation. A hypothesized rigid α–γ linkage could remove this association with activity but would require large numbers of spindles in active postural muscles. Using microneurography, the existence of a rigid α–γ linkage could be identified from the correlation between spindle output and muscle activity. Basic principles predict a proprioceptive “dead zone” in the active agonist muscle that is related to the short-range muscle stiffness.

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Chen, Shao Hsien, Shang Te Chen und Chien Cheng Hsu. „The Impact of Different Axial Oil Chamber Design on Hydrostatic Spindle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.296.

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High-precision machining and large-scale tool are the most primary development trend of current machine tool and hydrostatic products are key technologies of high-precision machining equipments. However, these equipments mostly process miniature components, thus the adopted tools are relatively small and the spindles mainly use are mainly built-in types of HSK32 to HSK25 with revolutions speed over 25,000rpm. Some processing equipments are even equipped with hydrostatic or gas-static spindles. The study extends the axial oil chamber to radial ones to expand the action area of axial oil pressure and form a closed oil seal edge by combining the radial clearance. Consequently, the axial bearing stiffness can be enhanced to enlarge the application scope of hydrostatic spindle. The design mode can enhance axial stiffness of spindle modules or strengthen the stiffness of hydrostatic spindle in a ball screw.

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Sakamoto, Haruhisa, Yuhei Maeki und Shinji Shimizu. „Change in Dynamic Characteristics of Spindle for Machining Centers Caused by Chucking Mechanism of Clamped Toolholders“. Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.521.

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In this study, the effects of clamping toolholders on the dynamic characteristics of spindle systems are evaluated experimentally. In the experiments, the transfer functions are obtained by the impulse response method, and then, the dynamic characteristic parameters are identified based on the vibration model of single-degree of freedom. Two types of machining center spindles and four types of toolholders are evaluated. From the experimental results, the following are revealed: (1) the clamping toolholder enhances the vibration amplitude markedly compared with that of the spindle not clamping toolholder. (2) The different chucking mechanisms clearly change the dynamic stiffness of the spindle systems. (3) The order of magnitude of the dynamic stiffness of the spindle systems agrees well with that of the isolated toolholders. It is confirmed experimentally that clamping of the appropriate toolholder improves the dynamics stiffness of the spindle systems for machining centers.

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Wang, Liping, Binbin Zhang, Jun Wu, Qinzhi Zhao und Junjian Wang. „Stiffness modeling, identification, and measuring of a rotating spindle“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, Nr. 6 (01.12.2019): 1239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219890368.

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The stiffness of a spindle at high speeds has a significant effect on the quality of the cutting surface and the machining accuracy. However, the spindle stiffness is difficult to be detected directly when the spindle is rotating, and the measured stiffness values are usually coupled with other parts of the spindle–tool system (such as toolholder, spindle–toolholder joint, tool). This paper presents a comprehensive method to deal with the stiffness modeling, identification, and measuring of a rotating spindle. Based on the deflection equation and the principle of superposition, the stiffness model is derived, for a spindle–tool system including a spindle, a specially manufactured toolholder, and a spindle–toolholder joint. A three-step identification algorithm is proposed to decouple and identify the actual spindle stiffness value. First, when the spindle is static, the stiffness values of the shaft, toolholder, and joint are obtained by using the least-squares method. Second, when the spindle is rotating, the stiffness values of the rear bearings and front bearings are identified based on the spindle error analysis method. Third, the stiffness values of the spindle under different rotating conditions are calculated based on the identification results from the previous two steps. Furthermore, the stiffness model and identification algorithm are verified experimentally on an instrumented spindle. The static stiffness value of the same spindle is also measured and compared with the stiffness value under rotating conditions subsequently. This work is useful and can be utilized as a guide for spindle stiffness testing and spindle performance evaluation to spindle manufacturers.

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Kondo, Ryo, Daisuke Kono und Atsushi Matsubara. „Evaluation of Machine Tool Spindle Using Carbon Fiber Composite“. International Journal of Automation Technology 14, Nr. 2 (05.03.2020): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0294.

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Spindle is one of the most important component of machine tools because spindle’s performance including thermal property and dynamic property greatly influences the accuracy and productivity in machining process. This study investigates the effect of the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to the spindle shaft on the performance of machine tool spindles. CFRP and steel spindle shafts with the same geometry were developed for fair comparison. Thermal and dynamic properties of the developed shaft and spindle unit were evaluated and compared. The experimental and simulation results showed that the CFRP spindle shaft improved the axial thermal displacement and dynamic stiffness. The axial thermal displacement was decreased to 1/3 of that of the steel spindle. The compliance was also decreased to 1/2. The design of the thermal displacement distribution around the bearing should be an important issue in the CFRP spindle for the thermal stability of the dynamic property.

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Chen, Runlin, Xingzhao Wang, Chen Du, Jun Zha, Kai Liu und Xiaoyang Yuan. „Stiffness Model and Experimental Study of Hydrostatic Spindle System considering Rotor Swing“. Shock and Vibration 2020 (15.05.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5901432.

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For high-end CNC machine tools, the stiffness of the spindle system is one of the most important performance indicators. In this paper, the hydrostatic motorized spindle system of a grinding machine is taken as the research object, and a two-degree-of-freedom stiffness model of the spindle system considering rotor swing is proposed. The stiffness of the spindle system under different excitation frequencies is analyzed, and the contributions of the stiffness of two bearings to the stiffness of the spindle system are evaluated. The vibration test on the spindle system is implemented through the hammering method. The vibration responses of the spindle system are obtained, and the stiffness of the spindle system is identified. The results show that the test results of the stiffness of the spindle system are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation, with an average error of about 14.21%. The research in this paper can provide theoretical and data support for bearing design and stiffness evaluation of a hydrostatic spindle system.

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Gaber, Omar, und Seyed M. Hashemi. „On the Free Vibration Modeling of Spindle Systems: A Calibrated Dynamic Stiffness Matrix“. Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/787518.

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The effect of bearings on the vibrational behavior of machine tool spindles is investigated. This is done through the development of a calibrated dynamic stiffness matrix (CDSM) method, where the bearings flexibility is represented by massless linear spring elements with tuneable stiffness. A dedicated MATLAB code is written to develop and to assemble the element stiffness matrices for the system’s multiple components and to apply the boundary conditions. The developed method is applied to an illustrative example of spindle system. When the spindle bearings are modeled as simply supported boundary conditions, the DSM model results in a fundamental frequency much higher than the system’s nominal value. The simply supported boundary conditions are then replaced by linear spring elements, and the spring constants are adjusted such that the resulting calibrated CDSM model leads to the nominal fundamental frequency of the spindle system. The spindle frequency results are also validated against the experimental data. The proposed method can be effectively applied to predict the vibration characteristics of spindle systems supported by bearings.

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Li, Chang He, Wei Ping Mao und Yu Cheng Ding. „Numerical Investigation into Spindle System Stiffness of High-Speed Grinder“. Key Engineering Materials 487 (Juli 2011): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.490.

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This study was focused on the theoretical modeling and numerical investigation about the dynamic and static stiffness of spindle system of high speed grinder. The moment balance and the transition matrix, the state vector, field matrix of spindle system of high speed grinder were analyzed and deduced. The theoretical models about dynamic and static stiffness were established using the transfer matrix method. The numerical results showed that increas of the preload could result in the improvement of static stiffness of spindle end within the range of its working speed; the reduction of front overhang length would improve the stiffness of spindle end, as well as the dynamic stiffness of spindle at the working speed; the stiffness of spindle end decreased with the increase of speed with different bearing spans within the range of working speed of spindle.

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Lin, Shen Yung, C. T. Chung, R. W. Chang und C. K. Chang. „Effect of the Bearing Preload on the Characteristics of the Spindle Stiffness“. Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (Oktober 2009): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.9.

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The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of bearing preloads on the characteristics of spindle stiffness. Finite element model for spindle-bearing system is established enabling the variation of spindle stiffness calculations under different bearing preloads. On the other hand, the spindle stiffness may also be obtained from the experiment and its result may be utilized to validate the numerical calculations. The front-end section of spindle is acted by poise weights at different directions, and their corresponding deformations are measured through dial indicator. Three bearing preload conditions, i.e. light, medium and heavy preloads are selected, which are imposed on the bearing to investigate the spindle stiffness variation, respectively. In addition, the effects of the geometrical parallelism error at the end surfaces of spacer due to the manufacturing tolerance or some imperfection on the spindle stiffness are studied. Finally, the impact test on the spindle-bearing body is performed by hammer and the corresponding vibration signal on the spindle surfaces is acquired by accelerometer. The spindle stiffness may be reflected in the other manner through the signals processing by spectrum analysis.

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Chen, Shao Hsien, Shang Te Chen und Chien Cheng Hsu. „Study on Axial Oil Chamber Design for High Performance Hydrostatic Spindle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (Dezember 2014): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.869.

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Ultra-precision machining and large-size equipments are themostprimary development trend ofcurrentmachine tooland hydrostatic products arekeytechnologiesof ultra-precision machining equipments. However, these equipmentsmostlyprocess miniature components, thus the adopted tools are relatively small and the spindlesare mainlybuilt-in types of HSK32-HSK25 withover30,000r. Some processing equipments are even equipped with hydrostatic or gas-static spindles. The studyextends theaxialoilchamberto radialonesto expand theaction areaofaxialoil pressureand form a closed oil seal edge by combining theradialclearance. Consequently, theaxialbearing stiffnesscan be enhancedtoenlarge the application scope of hydrostatic spindle. The designmodecan enhanceaxialstiffness ofspindle modulesor strengthenthe stiffness of hydrostatic spindlein a ball screw.

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Oh, Dong Ho, Nam Hoon Lee, Ja Choon Koo, Hyeon Ki Choi und Yeon Sun Choi. „Nonsymmetric Groove Pattern Design for Precise Micro-Spindles“. Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (Dezember 2006): 1595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1595.

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As the fluid dynamic bearing spindles are to be actively adopted to various small form factor mobile applications, mechanical specifications for the motors have been aggressively changed to pursue the fierce information technology sector market trend. One of the major technological challenges for the spindles to be successfully employed in the applications is the reduction of power consumption since the most of the mobile applications operate with a limited power source at relatively lower voltage. Recognizing implication of the power consumption that of course affects stiffness of the spindle, few of options for mechanical designers are available but either lowering rotational speed or adopting thinner lubricant. In the present work, a novel design solution for alleviating side effect of the lower stiffness spindle is introduced and verified.

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Li, Chao, und Ying Xue Yao. „Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of High-Speed Milling Motorized Spindle Based on ANSYS Workbench“. Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.530.

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The DGZX - 1425 high-speed milling motorized spindle which is made and designed independently by Hao Zhi electrical and mechanical company in Guangzhou China is made as the research object, the method of establishing numerical simulation model for the spindle units dynamic performances is established, and the design of the spindles structure has been verified reasonable. Modal analysis of the spindle has been completed in ANSYS Workbench to get the first six natural frequencies and mode shapes. Harmonic analysis of the spindle is also completed to obtain the dynamic stiffness at the highest speed. Modal test and vibration test of the assembled spindle are also processed, which have verified the accuracy of the finite element method. The paper has provided a theoretical basis for the motorized spindles design, structural optimization and the improvement of the dynamic performances.

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Gao, Qiang, Siyu Gao, Lihua Lu, Min Zhu und Feihu Zhang. „A Two-Round Optimization Design Method for Aerostatic Spindles Considering the Fluid–Structure Interaction Effect“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 7 (28.03.2021): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073017.

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The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect has a significant impact on the static and dynamic performance of aerostatic spindles, which should be fully considered when developing a new product. To enhance the overall performance of aerostatic spindles, a two-round optimization design method for aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect is proposed in this article. An aerostatic spindle is optimized to elaborate the design procedure of the proposed method. In the first-round design, the geometrical parameters of the aerostatic bearing were optimized to improve its stiffness. Then, the key structural dimension of the aerostatic spindle is optimized in the second-round design to improve the natural frequency of the spindle. Finally, optimal design parameters are acquired and experimentally verified. This research guides the optimal design of aerostatic spindles considering the FSI effect.

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Nakao, Yohichi, Kenji Suzuki, Kohei Yamada und Kohei Nagasaka. „Feasibility Study on Design of Spindle Supported by High-Stiffness Water Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing“. International Journal of Automation Technology 8, Nr. 4 (05.07.2014): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0530.

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The machining accuracy of ultra-precision machine tools relies on the performance of the spindle and linear table. The machining accuracy of ultra-precision machine tools is now at the level of several tens of nanometers. In order for ultra-precision machine tools to achieve machining accuracy, a precise spindle system is indispensible. High bearing stiffness is particularly important to minimize displacement due to the cutting force. This paper considers a spindle design supported by high-stiffness water hydrostatic thrust bearings. An objective of this study is to design a precision spindle supported by water hydrostatic thrust bearings with 1 kN/µm bearing stiffness. The bearing restrictors are chosen so that the highest stiffness can be obtained for given bearing parameters. The influences of gap sizes and supply water pressure on the bearing stiffness are presented. Based on the feasibility study done on the design of highstiffness water hydrostatic thrust bearings, the spindle is designed and developed. The influences of the water pressure on the spindle deformation and bearing stiffness are also investigated.

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Xie, Hua Long, Wen Ke Zhang, Hui Min Guo und Yong Xian Liu. „The Spindle Static Characteristic Analysis of HTC3250µn NC Machine Tool“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (Februar 2012): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.291.

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The analysis of spindle static stiffness is particularly important. The concept of spindle stiffness is introduced. Based on software ANSYS, the finite element analysis model of simplified spindle is established. Two equivalent forms of bearings are discussed and the analysis results are compared. The stress distribution nephogram of spindle is given. The research indicates that using spring-damper element instead of bearings is more suitable and the machining accuracy mainly depends on the stiffness rather than strength.

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Wang, Bo, Wei Sun, Kun Peng Xu und Bang Сhuan Wen. „Speed Effects on Inherent Rotating Frequency of Motorized Spindle System“. Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (Dezember 2011): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.900.

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The paper determines the impact factors of high-speed spindle system including the centrifugal force, gyroscopic moments and the bearing stiffness softening, etc, then builds the general spindle-bearing FEM considering high speeds. Taking a motorized spindle as example, the effect of centrifugal force, gyroscopic effect, the radial stiffness and the coupling factors are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally the research shows the variations of bearing radial stiffness, centrifugal force and gyroscopic moments have a significant effect on dynamics of spindle system in high speeds, while modeling the high speed spindle system, above factors must be considered.

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Wang, Bo, Kun Peng Xu und Bang Chuan Wen. „The High Speed Influence on Inherent Frequency of Motorized Spindle“. Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.916.

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The paper determines the impact factors of high-speed spindle system including the centrifugal force, gyroscopic moments and the bearing stiffness softening, and builds the general spindle-bearing FEM considering high speeds. Taking a motorized spindle as example, the effect of centrifugal force, gyroscopic effect, the radial stiffness and the coupling factors are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally the research shows the variations of bearing radial stiffness, centrifugal force and gyroscopic moments have a significant effect on dynamics of spindle system in high speeds, while modeling the high speed spindle system, above factors must be considered.

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Pham, Van-Hung, Manh-Toan Nguyen und Tuan-Anh Bui. „Oil pressure and viscosity influence on stiffness of the hydrostatic spindle bearing of a medium-sized circular grinding machine“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, Nr. 22n24 (19.08.2020): 2040156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401566.

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In surface finishing of a grinding machine, the dimension accuracy of the workpiece is most affected by the stiffness of the spindle. For the hydrostatic spindle of a medium-sized circular grinding machine, the primary factors affecting the oil film stiffness are bearing structure parameters, lubrication characteristics, and working conditions. In this study, the effects of lubricant pressure and oil viscosity on the stiffness of the hydrostatic spindle based on the working conditions were investigated. The oil viscosity affects the spindle by increasing the stiffness that corresponds to the increase in viscosity in the range of 0.001–0.002 Pa[Formula: see text]S, while the stiffness proportionally increases with pump pressure changing in the range of 3–5 MPa. Experimental results also indicate that based on the stiffness of the bearing, a viscosity of 0.002 Pa[Formula: see text]S, pump pressure of 5 MPa, and load range of 500–1000 N are the most feasible working conditions for hydrostatic spindle associated with the fine-machining process on a medium-sized external grinding machine.

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Zhai, Li Jun, Xiao Lei Song und Li Gang Cai. „Identification of Toolholder-Spindle Joint Based on Receptance Coupling Substructure Analysis“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.539.

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Stiffness identification of toolholder-spindle joint is a basic work for machine tool dynamic research. In this paper, an identification method based on receptance coupling substructure analysis is described. Once the frequency response functions of the toolholder, the spindle and the toolholder-spindle assembly are obtained, the analytical stiffness could be calculated. The method is verified efficiency through dynamic response experiment. Identified stiffness results under different drawbar forces are also discussed.

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Sy Truong, Dinh, Byung-Sub Kim und Jong-Kweon Park. „Thermally affected stiffness matrix of angular contact ball bearings in a high-speed spindle system“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, Nr. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019889753.

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Bearing stiffness directly affects the dynamic characteristics in a high-speed spindle system and plays an important role in terms of manufacturing quality. We developed a new approach for predicting the thermal behavior of a high-speed spindle, calculated the thermal expansion, and generated a bearing stiffness matrix for angular contact ball bearings. The heat convection of spindle housing in air, the balls in lubricant, the spindle shaft in quiescent air, and the bearing inner ring surfaces were determined. Heat sources such as bearing friction, and the heat contributed by the built-in motor, were simulated using an analysis systems (ANSYS) steady-state thermal model. The results were imported into a static ANSYS structural model. Ball thermal expansion was calculated based on changes in the coordinates of nodal points on the ball surface. Finally, a thermally affected bearing stiffness matrix was generated by applying the Newton–Raphson technique. Decreases in the bearing radial, axial, angular, and coupling stiffness values as rotational spindle speed increased were calculated. Also, the stiffness coefficients at a specific speed increased significantly caused by the thermal effects. Finally, for validation, the bearing stiffness was compared to that calculated using an earlier thermal network approach.

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Chen, Dong Ju, Yan Hua Bian, Jin Wei Fan und Fei Hu Fan. „Performance of Hydrostatics Spindle under Effect of Mass Unbalance“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (Januar 2014): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.910.

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The static and dynamic model of spindle system is established in order to analyze the vibration response with the effect eccentricity of spindle. Natural frequency of spindle is calculated with ANSYS software. The variation of thickness and stiffness of oil film are analyzed, and the dynamic response is deduced. The deflection of spindle i.e. the machining error caused by the eccentricity is obtained. Key words: Hydrostatic bearings; Dynamic response; Stiffness; Deflection

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Chen, C. H., K. W. Wang und Y. C. Shin. „An Integrated Approach Toward the Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Spindles: Part I—System Model“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, Nr. 4 (01.10.1994): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930456.

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Experimental evidence (Shin, 1992) has shown that the natural frequencies of high-speed spindles with angular contact ball bearings decrease with increasing rotational speed. A recent study (Wang et al., 1991) illustrated that this phenomenon is caused by stiffness change of the bearings. A simplified approximation was used in the past analysis to examine the bearing radial stiffness at high speeds. While the investigation explained the experimental observations in a qualitative sense, the analytical results so far are not sufficient to quantitatively describe the spindle behavior under high speed and load operations due to the assumptions and approximations made in the modeling process. This paper presents an integrated approach toward the modeling of flexible spindles with angular contact ball bearings from basic principles. The local dynamics of the bearings are coupled with the global shaft motion. The model derived includes both the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the shaft interacting with the nonlinear bearings. The influences of shaft speed on the bearing stiffness matrix and the system frequencies are studied. It is shown that the spindle dynamic behavior can vary substantially as speed increases due to the bearing gyroscopic moment and centrifugal force. These effects have been ignored in most of the previous spindle models. This unique characteristic, which is critical to high-speed machinery, is rigorously studied for the first time. Lab tests are conducted to validate the model. The analytical predictions are quantitatively verified by the experimental results.

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Wu, Wei Guo, Gui Cheng Wang, Chun Gen Shen, Li Jie Ma und Shu Lin Wang. „The Effect of Clamping Force on Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Spindle-Tooling System“. Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (März 2008): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.653.

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This paper investigates the effect of spindle clamping force on the static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle-tooling system through measuring the frequency response function of the tool end point in variable spindle clamping force. The research shows that the limited static stiffness increases accordingly and normal static stiffness changes little as the spindle champing force increases. The high spindle clamping force leads to reduce the modal damping of the spindle-tooling system while the natural frequency varies slight. The analyses of process stability indicates that the low spindle clamping force can improves the process stability because of the higher damping in some clamping force range.

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Fu, Peng Qiang, Sheng Fei Wang, Chao Zhang und Fei Hu Zhang. „Research on the Impact Vibration Characteristic of the Spindle System“. Advanced Materials Research 1027 (Oktober 2014): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1027.266.

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The components of spindle system are key components in ultra precision machine tool. According to the characteristics of the machining process of vertical hydrostatic spindle system for ultra-precision fly cutting machine, the mass- stiffness model of the spindle system is established. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the spindle system under the action of external shocks. The use of the state space method is discussed and an example is given. The influence law of vibration frequency is obtained for the various mass and stiffness value of the spindle system components.

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Liu, Xiu Lian, und Jun Xiang Liu. „Dynamic Stiffness Characteristics and Test of the Spindle of NC Machine Tool“. Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (Januar 2012): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1442.

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Research on spindle system of a machine tool, using Solidworks software to establish the spindle assembly model, using ANSYS finite element analysis method to analyze the dynamic rigidities of spindle systematacially. Compare dynamic rigidities of test with the motorized spindle were analyzed. Validate dynamic rigidities of the spindle accord with dynamic characteristic.

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Guan, P., M. Li, B. C. Li, Tian Biao Yu und Wan Shan Wang. „Finite Element Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Bearing Spindle System“. Key Engineering Materials 487 (Juli 2011): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.505.

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Due to having the features of high accuracy, high stiffness, high load capacity and longer service life, the hybrid bearing spindle system is widely used in grinding. This paper presents an analysis method of hybrid bearing spindle dynamic characteristics. The method uses CFD method to solve the oil film pressure field, instead of Reynolds equation, in order to obtain the oil film stiffness and damping. With the obtained oil film stiffness and damping to build the appropriate constraints, 3D finite element model of the hybrid bearing spindle system is established, and the modal analysis of the spindle system is carried out. Compared the analysis results with the theoretical calculation results, the feasibility and correction of the method are proved.

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Li, Song Hua, Ming Hao Feng, Xue Li, Yu Hou Wu und Xiao Lin Jin. „Research on Application of Advanced Ceramics in Machine Tool Spindles“. Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1448.

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One important demand on spindle systems in modern machine tools is to realize higher rotational speed in order to increase the machining efficiency. So, the low rotational inertia and high fundamental natural frequency are indispensable. Because of advanced ceramics' extraordinary physical properties such as high hardness, low thermal expansion, light weight, abrasion resistant and good chemical and thermal stability, it accommodates very well the high-speed and precision requirements of machine tool spindles. In this study, a high-speed ceramic spindle system equipped with high-performance structural ceramic shaft and fully-ceramic ball bearings was designed and developed. The high-speed ceramic motorized spindle prototype was assembled with high precision successfully, and its performance test and analysis were finished. The test results show that ceramic motorized spindle can reduce the high-speed rotational centrifugal force and inertia force and increase the stiffness and rotation accuracy of spindle-bearing system greatly.

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Gao, Xiangsheng, Zeyun Qin, Min Wang, Yuming Hao und Ziyu Liu. „Theoretical investigation on nonlinear dynamic characteristic of spindle system“. Advanced Composites Letters 29 (01.01.2020): 2633366X2091166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x20911665.

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Radial gap will occur at the spindle–tool holder interface when the spindle rotates at high speed. Therefore, the radial gap will lead to the nonlinear stiffness at the spindle–tool holder connection, and it will have effects on dynamic characteristic of spindle system. In this research, classic elastic theory is adopted to evaluate the nonlinear stiffness at spindle–tool holder interface. Dynamic model of spindle system is established considering the nonlinear stiffness at spindle–tool holder interface. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is applied to solve dynamic response of the spindle system. On that basis, effects of drawbar force on dynamic characteristic of the system are investigated. Considering the cutting force, effects of rotational speed on dynamic response of cutter tip are also discussed. The numerical results show that the drawbar force has effects on vibration mode of cutter tip. Chaotic motion will not occur within the range concerned in engineering practice. Considering the cutting force, the motion of cutter tip turns to be chaotic. The proper rotational speed and drawbar force should be chosen to ensure a stable cutting according to the response of cutter tip.

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Jorgensen, Bert R., und Yung C. Shin. „Dynamics of Machine Tool Spindle/Bearing Systems Under Thermal Growth“. Journal of Tribology 119, Nr. 4 (01.10.1997): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833899.

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Increased use of high-speed machining creates the need to predict spindle/bearing performance at high speeds. Spindle dynamic response is a function of the nonlinear bearing stiffness. At high speeds, thermal expansion can play an important role in bearing stiffness. A complete bearing load-deflection analysis including thermal expansion is derived and is coupled with an analysis of spindle dynamic response. Steady-state temperature distribution is found from heat generation at the contact point and from a quasi three-dimensional heat transfer model. Numerical solutions give a good prediction of thermal growth and heat generation in the bearing. Predicted high-speed spindle frequencies show good agreement with experimentation. The effects of loading condition and bearing material type on bearing stiffness are also shown.

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Liu, Zhifeng, Jingjing Xu, Yongsheng Zhao, Qiang Cheng und Ligang Cai. „Stiffness optimization for high-speed double-locking toolholder-spindle joint using fractal theory“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, Nr. 4 (24.05.2017): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917711745.

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The higher contact stiffness of the double-locking toolholder-spindle (BTF40-type) joint is helpful in improving the machining accuracy and cutting stability of high-speed machining center. In this article, an optimization technique is introduced to obtain the high contact stiffness of BTF40 toolholder-spindle joint at the high speed. The torsional and radial stiffness at 25,000 r/min can be obtained by using the macro–micro hybrid method. The contact ratio of taper surface and maximum nodal pressure of contact surfaces is used as constraint conditions to ensure the connection reliability and the working life of the toolholder-spindle system. The particle swarm optimization algorithm with suitable parameters for this problem is used to search the optimal stiffness of joint automatically. The optimal stiffness of joint and pressure distribution of taper surface are compared with the initial values for validating the effectiveness of the optimization results. This research is valuable for guiding the application of BTF-type toolholder-spindle system at the high speed 25,000 r/min.

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Huang, Te Yen, Shi Jie Weng und Shao Yu Hsu. „Effect of Variation of Gap Thickness of the Thrust Bearing on Gap Pressure and Stiffness of the Aerostatic Spindle in Vertical Milling“. Key Engineering Materials 739 (Juni 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.1.

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When the partially porous aerostatic thrust bearing and the journal bearings of an aerostatic spindle in a vertical milling machine are subjected to cutting load and gravitational force, the thicknesses of gaps between the thrust plate and the spindle flange will change. This study applied CFD software to analyze the effect of variations of gap thickness and rotating speed on the pressure in the gaps of the bearings and the stiffness of the spindle. The results revealed that, when the thrust plate and the spindle flange were pushed back and forth by external loading, the pressure in the gap between the spindle flange and the thrust plate was affected significantly. The pressure in the gap between the spindle and the journal bearing was slightly affected. When the spindle rotated faster, the pressure on the surface of spindle became higher and the stiffness of spindle was increased.

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Zhao, Yongsheng, Xiaolei Song, Ligang Cai, Zhifeng Liu und Qiang Cheng. „Surface fractal topography-based contact stiffness determination of spindle–toolholder joint“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, Nr. 4 (14.04.2015): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215578483.

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Accurate modeling of contact stiffness is crucial in predicting the dynamic behavior and chatter vibration of spindle–toolholder system for high-speed machining centers. This paper presents a fractal theory-based contact model of spindle–toolholder joint to obtain the contact stiffness and its real contact area. Topography of the contact surfaces of spindle–toolholder joint is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Asperities in micro-scale are considered as elastic or plastic deformation. Then, the contact stiffness, the real contact area, the elastic contact force, and the plastic contact force of the whole contact surface are calculated by integrating the micro asperities. The relationship of the contact stiffness and the drawbar force follows a power law, in which the power index is determined by the fractal parameters. Experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed model. The results from the fractal contact model of spindle–toolholder joint have good agreement with those of experiments.

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Sheng, Zhong Qi, Zhi Wei Xu, Hua Long Xie und Jing Ye Li. „Performance Analysis of Spindle System of NC Machine Tools“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (Oktober 2009): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.693.

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The performance of spindle system of machine tools directly affects the characters of machine tools. The static and dynamic stiffness of spindle system is one of the main factors that affect the machining precision of machine tools and the performance analysis of spindle system occupies an important position in the design of machine tools. Based on ANSYS, this paper analyzed static stiffness, vibration characters and harmonic response of spindle system of SSCK63-400-typed CNC lathe. Selecting improving the characters and saving the cost of spindle as optimization object and using APDL of ANSYS, the optimization of the spindle is completed by the optimization tools of ANSYS. This research provided the basis for statics and dynamics design of spindle system, shortened the design period and improved the design efficiency.

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Sawamura, Ryota, Shinya Ikenaga und Atsushi Matsubara. „Development of Dynamic Loading Device for Rotating Spindle of Machine Tools“. Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.544.

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High performance milling spindles, which have high rigidity and high speed, are required for high productive machining. In order to evaluate the rigidity change of the spindle, authors has been developed a magnetic loading device. This device provides attractive force in radial direction to a dummy tool attached to a spindle. By using this device, the static stiffness of the rotating spindle has been successfully evaluated. However the loading rate could not be controlled due to the electric response lag caused by the magnetic field. To solve this problem, electric response of the coil-tool system with the air gap is analyzed and the dynamic response is estimated. The air-gap's influence on the load was also evaluated. Based on the analysis, a dynamic loading test is designed carried out for the measurement of the rigidity of a machine tool spindle.

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Li, Jin Hua, Yong Xian Liu, Yang Yu und Jia Liang Han. „Finite Element Analysis of Spindle for Turning Center Based on ANSYS“. Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (Juli 2011): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1001.

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The designed spindle of turning center is researched. There are two groups of the spring-damper elements to simulate the bearings. The spindle is modeled to be 3D FEM parametric model, and the static analysis, model analysis and harmonic analysis are finished in ANSYS. Static stiffness, natural frequency and dynamic stiffness are calculated, the danger points are checked according to the resonance modes, and the performance of the spindle is verified to be reliable.

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Denisenko, Aleksandr, Mihail Yakimov und Kseniya Borisova. „RADIAL STIFFNESS ANISOTROPY OF BODY BORING FOR LATHE SPINDLE BEARINGS“. Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, Nr. 5 (03.05.2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-5-23-31.

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In the paper there are considered problems connected with the radial stiffness anisotropy of body borings for lathe spindle bearings. Factors having an influence upon stability of its operation characteristics of a machine-tool during idling are considered. The analysis of force factors having an influence upon bearings of a spindle unit during lathe idling is carried out. The work purpose is to determine a quantitative and qualitative situation in the changes of boring forms for spindle bearings under the impact of loads mentioned. As an object of investigations there is chosen the lathe “Vector” manufactured at the Middle-Volga machine-tool plant. A finite element modeling is carried out for deformation investigations in the body boring of the spindle unit under the impact of forces caused by weight and imbalance of the rotating spindle. There is shown a geometrical model of a spindle carrier body, the peculiarities of a finite element model formation and a procedure for the fulfillment of a numerical experiment are described, and approaches of boundary conditions setting are also considered. As a result of a finite element there are obtained values of finite element unit displacements lying on the surface of the body boring of the spindle carrier under the impact of the mentioned power factors. The results found are presented for illustration in the form of solid and flat graphical dependences. The analysis of numerical experiment results has confirmed the presence of the stiffness anisotropy in spindle unit bearings. The phenomenon of stiffness anisotropy in bearings was already under consideration in investigations carried out earlier. But the results of the numerical experiments carried out by us have shown that along with other factors the imbalance forces together with design peculiarities of body parts have an influence upon the constancy of elastic characteristics of bearings. The matter obtained can be used during development of measures for design changes in a spindle unit body with the purpose of stiffness anisotropy decrease in the borings for bearing.

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Li, Song Hua, Ming Hao Feng und Yu Hou Wu. „Research on Optimal Design and Processing of High-Speed Ceramic Ball Bearings without Inner Rings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.513.

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Under the background that modern machine tools have higher requirements to the spindle system, the accuracy, stiffness, critical speed and dynamic stability of the spindle bearing also put forward higher requirements. Traditional steel spindle has been difficult to meet the needs, because of its inherent characteristics. Advanced ceramics have excellent performance, such as low density, low thermal expansion coefficient, high stiffness, wear resistance and good chemical and thermal stability, which can meet the requirements of modern machine tool spindle to the performance of bearing material. The longest fatigue life is the objective function, the calculation method of the ceramic bearing optimal design is the external point method of penalty function, and the all-ceramic bearings without inner rings are successfully manufactured by the advanced manufacturing technology. Finally, the high-speed ceramic motorized spindle prototype was assembled with high precision successfully, and its performance test and analysis were finished, the results show that using the all-ceramic bearing can effectively improve the rotation accuracy and rotational stiffness of the spindle-bearing system.

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Cui, Li, und Hongsheng Zhang. „A nominal radial stiffness prediction model for HSK tool holder-spindle flange interface“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, Nr. 6 (Juni 2020): 168781402093460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020934600.

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The connection characteristics of HSK tool holder-spindle system have great influences on machining precision and security of computer numerical control machine tools. In order to predict dynamic behaviors and avoid connection failure of HSK tool holder-spindle system, a nominal radial stiffness prediction model for HSK tool holder-spindle flange interface is constructed. Contact stress of spindle and HSK tool holder can be obtained by considering actual interference and actual clamping force. Considering elastic contact deformation, the plastic contact deformation, and two different regimes of elastoplastic contact deformation, a fractal model of nominal contact stiffness of HSK tool holder-spindle flange interface is proposed. In order to prove the rationality of the model, the tests are validated by a self-designed equipment. The effects of different parameters to the maximal permissible rotational speed, critical bending moment, and nominal radial stiffness of HSK tool holder-spindle connection system are researched. The results can be used as an instruction for the application of HSK tool holder and optimization of geometry parameters.

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Zhao, Yongsheng, Jingjing Xu, Ligang Cai, Weimin Shi, Zhifeng Liu und Qiang Cheng. „Contact characteristic analysis of spindle–toolholder joint at high speeds based on the fractal model“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, Nr. 5 (02.06.2016): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916652648.

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Due to the influence of centrifugal force, accurate contact stiffness model of spindle–toolholder joint at high speeds is crucial in predicting the dynamic behavior and chatter vibration of spindle–toolholder system. In this paper, a macro–micro scale hybrid model is presented to obtain the contact stiffness of spindle–toolholder joint in high speeds. The hybrid model refers to the finite element model in macro-scale and three-dimensional fractal model in micro-scale. The taper contact surface of spindle–toolholder joint is assumed flat in macro-scale and the finite element method is used to obtain the pressure distribution at different speeds. In micro-scale, the topography of contact surfaces is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Asperities in micro-scale are considered as elastic and plastic deformation. Then, the contact ratio, radial and torsional contact stiffness of spindle–toolholder joint can be calculated by integrating the micro asperities. Experiments with BT40 type toolholder–spindle assembly are conducted to verify the proposed model in the case of no speed. The reasonable intervals of spindle speed and drawbar force can be obtained based on the presented hybrid model, which will provide theoretical basis for the application and optimization of the spindle–toolholder system.

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Yamazaki, Taku, Toshiyuki Muraki, Atsushi Matsubara, Mitsuho Aoki, Kenji Iwawaki und Kazuyuki Kawashima. „Development of a High-Performance Spindle for Multitasking Machine Tools“. International Journal of Automation Technology 3, Nr. 4 (05.07.2009): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0378.

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In recent years, high-performance spindles are required for multi-tasking machine tools to enhance the productivity. Such spindles enable efficient rough cutting and fine finishing of a workpiece on one machine. In order to meet this requirement, a spindle unit must be highly stiff and operate at high rotational. Spindle specifications require a rotational number of 50,000min-1 and dN value of 3,000,000, a smaller motor was downsized and an electric loss restrained by reducing the thickness of laminate sheets composing the rotor core. A direct-injection type of ultra trace quantity lubrication and a preload switching system were used for ball bearings for high rotational speed and high stiffness. We discuss how these technical requirements were met and the results of basic experiments.

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Zhang, Lei, Taiyong Wang, Songling Tian und Yong Wang. „Analytical Modeling of a Ball Screw Feed Drive for Vibration Prediction of Feeding Carriage of a Spindle“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2739208.

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An analytical modeling approach for ball screw feed drives is proposed to predict the dynamic behavior of the feeding carriage of a spindle. Mainly considering the rigidity of linear guide modules, a ball-screw-feeding spindle is modeled by a mass-spring system. The contact stiffness of rolling interfaces in linear guide modules is accurately calculated according to the Hertzian theory. Next, a mathematical model is derived using the Lagrange method. The presented model is verified by conducting modal experiments. It is found that the simulated results correspond closely with the experimental data. In order to show the applicability of the proposed mathematical model, parameter-dependent dynamics of the feeding carriage of the spindle is investigated. The work will contribute to the vibration prediction of spindles.

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Li, Rong Chang, und Ai Xia He. „Static and Dynamic Performance of High-Speed Vertical Machining Center Spindle Box“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (Juli 2012): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.185.

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In order to improve the static performance of high speed machining center spindle box, using ANSYS software static performance analysis, static analysis of finite element method to the complex structure of the spindle box, draw a box structure under the force load and temperature load stiffness theoretical values, emphasizing the factors affecting temperature deformation, provides a basis to improve and control the strength and stiffness of the spindle box, as well as box optimization design of the design constraints.

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Yuan, Song Mei, Mao Bin Lv und Xue Hao Liu. „The Analysis of Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Motorized High-Speed Spindle Based on Sensitivity Analysis of FEM Model“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (Dezember 2010): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.376.

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In order to estimate the static and dynamic characteristics of motorized high-speed spindle, the full parameterized FEM model of it is established and studied in the paper. After the FEM analysis of the spindle, the static stiffness, natural frequency and normal modes of vibration are obtained. Then, a design sensitivity analysis of some design parameters is conducted based on the finite element model to investigate their influence on the static stiffness and natural frequency of the spindle system. Through the sensitivity analysis, the optimal plan is proposed, the first natural frequency as the first objective function of optimization and the static stiffness as the second, which changes the objective function of multivariable into that of a single one. Therefore, it considerably increases the efficiency of optimization. The optimization leads to a noticeable improvement of static stiffness and first-mode natural frequency.

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MIZUMOTO, Hiroshi, und Tatsuhito SHIMIZU. „An Infinite-Stiffness Aerostatic Spindle with Active Restrictors.“ Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 59, Nr. 4 (1993): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.59.607.

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., Anandkumar Telang. „STATIC STIFFNESS ANALYSIS OF HIGH FREQUENCY MILLING SPINDLE“. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, Nr. 15 (25.05.2014): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0315108.

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47

Sikora, Małgorzata. „Static stiffness of the precision hydrostatic grinding spindle“. Mechanik, Nr. 8-9 (September 2015): 715/304–715/307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.8-9.390.

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Jiao, Feng, Guang Ming Sun und Jian Hui Liu. „Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of NC Boring Machine Spindle System Based on Finite Element Analysis“. Advanced Materials Research 819 (September 2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.819.71.

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In this paper, elastic hydrodynamic lubrication theory was introduced into bearing dynamic stiffness calculation process to take into account the impact of the oil film on the rolling stiffness. Dynamic characteristics of NC boring machine spindle system dedicated to the manufacturing of bearing retainer were studied based on finite element analysis software. The rationality of the structural design of spindle was verified in the paper. The research provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of machine performance and dynamic design of NC boring machine spindle.

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Li, Song Hua, Yu Hou Wu und Ke Zhang. „Parameter Optimization for Oil/Air Lubrication of High Speed Ceramic Motorized Spindle without Bearing Inner Rings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.839.

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Recently, hybrid ceramic bearings and oil/air lubrication have been used more and more on high speed spindles. However, applying an appropriate lubrication and the hybrid bearings can’t be overemphasized, and the oil/air supply with inadequate parameters is undesirable. In this study, a high speed ceramic spindle equipped with HIPSN (Hot Isostatically Pressed Silicon Nitride) full-ceramic ball bearing and Y-TZP (Yttria partially stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal) ceramic spindle shaft was designed for higher speed, stiffness, precision and longer operating life. Furthermore, the performance of a high-speed ceramic motorized spindle under different lubrication parameters was investigated. The optimum lubrication conditions that create the smallest temperature increase were obtained by the applying of the Taguchi method. The results show that oil volume per lubrication cycle, interval time per lubrication cycle and air pressure are three pacing factors that affect the temperature increase most significantly in ceramic motorized spindle with oil/air lubrication.

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Wang, Xiaopeng, Yuzhu Guo und Tianning Chen. „Measurement Research of Motorized Spindle Dynamic Stiffness under High Speed Rotating“. Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/284126.

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High speed motorized spindle has become a key functional unit of high speed machine tools and effectively promotes the development of machine tool technology. The development of higher speed and more power puts forward the stricter requirement for the performance of motorized spindle, especially the dynamic performance which affects the machining accuracy, reliability, and production efficiency. To overcome the problems of ineffective loading and dynamic performance measurement of motorized spindle, a noncontact electromagnetic loading device is developed. The cutting load can be simulated by using electromagnetic force. A new method of measuring force by force sensors is presented, and the steady and transient loading force could be measured exactly. After the high speed machine spindle is tested, the frequency response curves of the spindle relative to machine table are collected at 0~12000 rpm; then the relationships between stiffness and speeds as well as between damping ratio and speeds are obtained. The result shows that not only the static and dynamic stiffness but also the damping ratio declined with the increase of speed.

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