Zeitschriftenartikel: „Spindle head“

1

Han, Jian, Li Ping Wang, and Lian Qing Yu. "Modeling and Estimating Thermal Error in Precision Machine Spindles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.507.

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Thermal induced errors are significant factors that affect machine tool accuracy. The deformation of spindle is the main contributor to thermal error. In this paper, the thermal characteristics of the spindle system are investigated. Taking into account the coupling of elastic deformation and temperature, the heat conduction of the spindle system is modeled. The heat of bearings and heat transfer coefficient, and boundary conditions of the spindle are determined. Based on the numerical results, an iterative model of spindle's temperature and thermal deformation are acquired under the actions of thermal loads using the finite element method. Taking the spindle of precision boring machine with some reasonable assumptions and simplicities as an example, the finite element analysis model of spindle thermal characteristics is analyzed with virtual prototyping, and the static/transient temperature field and thermal-structure field are calculated using ABAQUS software. The characteristics of heat flow and thermal deformation within the spindle are analyzed according to the simulation results. The research results provide a theoretical foundation for reasonable arrangement and optimal design to reduce radial and axial deformation of the spindle head, temperature controlling, and the error compensation to the precision machining tool.

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Horiuchi, Osamu, Mitsuyoshi Nomura, Bo Xiao Ma, Takayuki Shibata, Yoshihiko Murakami, and Masami Masuda. "Influence of Thermal Behavior of Spindle on Machining Accuracy in Micro-Endmilling." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2040.

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This paper describes on the influence of thermal behavior of spindle on machining accuracy in micro-endmilling. In order to make clear the reasons why the depth of slot varies during slotting repeated, temperatures around the spindle head and the thermal expansion of spindle axis were investigated. The machine tool used for experiment was a small type of vertical machining center. The spindle used for experiment was a ball bearing spindle which rotated at 10000-40000 min-1. The spindle head made of aluminum alloy had various cooling systems for spindle motor and ball bearings, and the temperature of spindle head changed only a few degrees C. Therefore it seems difficult to assume that the primary cause was thermal deformation of spindle head structure, even though the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum alloy is approximately twice of that of steel. Finally the thermal expansion of spindle axis was partly measured and relation between the thermal expansion and the variation of depth of slots was investigated. The main results obtained are as follows, (1) Slotting after a long period warming-up of spindle resulted in a small change of depth of slot, but slotting without any warming-up caused an initial rapid increase and then saturation of depth of slot, (2) Temperature rise of spindle head and adjacent structure seemed out of relation to the variation of depth of slot, (3) The partially measured thermal expansion of spindle as well as temperature of lower flange of spindle showed qualitatively similar change corresponding to depth of slot.

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Ma, Shi Ming, Li Gang Cai, Yong Sheng Zhao, Zhi Feng Liu, Tie Neng Guo, and Qiang Cheng. "Analytical Modeling of the Spindle Shaft of Heavy Load Deflection Angle Milling Head Dynamics Using Timoshenko Beam Model." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.823.

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The spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head is an important functional component of 5-axis CNC machine tool, which has characteristics of high torque and high power, used for large and complex free-form surface processing. The spindle shaft is modeled as Timoshenko’s beam by including the centrifugal force and gyroscopic effects. The effects on inherent characteristic of the spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head are analyzed owing to axial force and spindle shaft speed. Simultaneously, numerical solution of spindle shaft is gotten. And, the numerical results are well agree with the exact modeling, which illustrates that the theoretical modeling of spindle shaft is correct and the exact dynamic characteristics of spindle shaft is obtained. The analytical modeling results of spindle shaft are effective and helpful for design and improvement of spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head.

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4

Guschinskaya, Olga, and Alexandre Dolgui. "A Transfer Line Balancing Problem by Heuristic Methods: Industrial Case Studies." Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services 2, no. 2 (2008): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/dmms.2008.2.2.33.

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The paper deals with the problem of optimal configuration of a type of transfer lines which are equipped with transfer machines. Such machines perform operations with standard modular spindle heads which are activated sequentially. All operations assigned to the same spindle head (block of operations) are executed simultaneously by a set of tools fixed at the spindle head. The quantity of machines and spindle heads used to produce a part with the given productivity rate defines the final cost of the transfer line which must be minimized. To minimize this cost, a combinatorial problem of operations assignment to blocks and machines must be solved. The solution must provide a desired productivity (cycle time), it must also satisfy precedence and compatibility constraints. In this paper, we suggest improved versions of FSIC heuristic algorithm in order to help line designers to solve real-scale industrial problems. Results of computational experiments obtained for industrial cases are presented.

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Wu, Huai Chao, Shi Tao Chen, Yong Yong He, and Hui Juan Zhang. "Design and Finite Element Analysis of Liquid Sliding Bearing and the Matching Spindle of High-Speed Roller Grinding Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.290.

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Through analyzing the design methods of liquid sliding bearing and the matching spindle of common roller grinding head, the design methods and ideas of liquid sliding bearing and the matching spindle of high-speed roller grinding head are put forward, and on these bases, a kind of liquid sliding bearing and the matching spindle of high-speed roller grinding head are designed. By means of finite element analysis of the bearing and the matching spindle respectively, it can be known that thermal property of the designed liquid sliding bearing can meet the working demands of high-speed roller grinding, and the designed spindle can meet the demands of strength and stiffness under the condition of high-speed grinding, thus, important reference materials for forming core technologies of high-speed roller grinding head are provided.

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Cao, Jin Ling, and Ying Luo. "Dynamic Analysis in Grinding Head of Roller Grinding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.259.

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In the article, the vibration resistance of spindle system in grinding head of roller grinding machine is studied by means of harmonic response and modal analysis, by using the method of the transfer matrix, obtained the first five orders of the natural frequency of spindle system. By studying the M84100A type spindle system in grinding head of roller grinding machine, obtained the conclusion that the natural frequency was far from the work frequency, so laid a foundation of the spindle system dynamic design.

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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "Research on High Performance Direct-Driving Motor Applied to Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.874.

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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high performance multi-axis CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high performance machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while Swivel spindle head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, Swivel spindle head is one of the key to developers multi-axis machine tool . The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high preformation in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.

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Sun, Hai Ming, Jing Jin, and Bai Lin Ren. "Precision Lifetime Analysis and Grey Prediction Based on Observation Data for Motorized Spindle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.81.

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The stoppage and lifetime of high speed motorized spindle was related to many influence. A total of 31 statistical lifetime data of imported motorized spindles in cylinder head production line were presented, according to these data, and the average cut operation lifetime could reach 8277 hours, and the 8000 hours of average design precision lifetime was validated. It was found that the main influencing factors of motorized spindle lifetime in initial stage were the original manufacturing defects, also in precision lifetime stage and fatigue lifetime stage, the main influencing factors were the service conditions which exceeded design allowable conditions and own unique structural characteristics of motorized spindle respectively. according to 7 data and GM(1,1) grey theory, the precision lifetime prediction model of motorized spindle was built and the. model error was tested. The reliability of prediction model is validated by 2 inchoate reality observation data which relative differences were 0.57% and 2.03% respectively.

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Chen, Shao Hsien, Chin Mou Hsu, Kuo Lin Chiu, and Chu Peng Chan. "The Impact of Different Direct-Driving Motor Design on Swivel Spindle Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.791.

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Swivel spindle head is a key component used in gantry type five-axis machine tool of high performance and is of great importance in its application and design. Nowadays, more and more components are manufactured by high precision CNC machine tools, such as components of spaceflight, renewable energy and automobile, etc. Therefore, high precision machine tools of multiple axes are more and more urgently demanded, while dual axis rotary head is one of the most important components for a multi-axis machine tool. Hence, it will be a key to develop dual axis spindle head that meets high precision needs. The study explores the highly responsive direct-driving motor able to drive the spindle head to rotate with multi-driving rotary technology. The dual-driving motor rotates via multi-driving units, generates torsion that magnifies and eliminates its clearance, and then drives the spindle head to rotate. Results of the test show that the completed machine tool can meet the standards of dual axis rotary head with high precision in, no matter, speed, distance, positional accuracy, repeated accuracy or maximum torque, etc.

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Cao, Jin Ling, and Ying Luo. "The Analysis of Static and Dynamic Characteristic in Grinding Head of Roller Machine." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2509.

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On the basis of the establishment of the three-dimensional solid model of the roll grinder grinding head spindle system, carry out finite element static analysis, with the spindle structural stress and strain diagram, study its static characteristics, carry out modal analysis in the properly simplified spindle system with the finite element method, analyze the calculated natural frequency value , study dynamic characteristics of the spindle system, realized the dynamic design of the product.

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Suryaningrat, Albertus Rianto, Nasril, Marsetiayu Ningsih, and Yanyan Nurhidayat. "Spindle Thermal Evaluation Thermal on Realiability Test of Numerical Controlled Lathe." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 13, no. 2 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v13i2.3150.

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In the process of designing and manufacturing of CNC machine tools, reliability testing is needed to determine the reliability of the main component design and sub assembly. The precision of machine tools is greatly influenced by the temperature generated when the machine tool operates, both which arise from friction and overload.Evaluation of spindle axis errors caused by thermal distortion of the spindle bearing is based on ISO 230-3: 2007, ISO 10791-10: 2001 and ISO 13041-8: 2004. Temperature measurement at several measuring points on the spindle head to determine the increase in temperature on the main spindle bearing when getting more load or cutting process.The evaluation results showed that spindle erroneous error with a temperature increase in the spindle head was 16.3 oC by 13 um with no loading, while with loading 71.9 um with a temperature increase of 18.0 oC.

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Hao, Chao, and Jun Gui Huang. "Research on Thermal Analysis of Pillow Spindle System with Multi Axes Rotary Spindle Head." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1829.

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Based on the theory of finite-element method, a model of pillowed multiple axes rotary spindle head is built. Taking both temperature and structure load into account of the model, a calculation is made on thermal couple deformation under the combined action of the two kinds of load. A prediction on the rationality during system designing is put forward, which has gotten a wider use.

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Krol, O., V. Sokolov, and P. Tsankov. "Modeling of vertical spindle head for machining center." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1553 (May 2020): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1553/1/012012.

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14

Mousavi, S., V. Gagnol, and P. Ray. "Machining prediction of spindle–self-vibratory drilling head." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213, no. 12 (2013): 2119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.012.

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15

Van Thuy, Tran, and Huu Loc Nguyen. "Investigation on influence of cutting parameters on spindle vibration of CNC wood milling machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 213 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821301007.

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In machining operation, the cutting parameters greatly influences on the spindle vibration of a CNC wood milling machine. The paper presents the effect of the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle when machined on CNC milling machine using Box-Hunter method of experimentation. The lowest natural frequency of this machine is 250 Hz. Experimental results have established a second-order regression equation that demonstrates the effect of three parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle. From that base, determine the most reasonable cutting parameters when machining on CNC wood milling machines so that the spindle vibration amplitudes is minimal. In addition, The comparison results show that the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the bolt joint is larger than the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the weld joint.

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Li, X. M., Y. F. Tong, and An Feng Hui. "Dynamic Simulation of the Assembly Process of Spindle Box of Machine Tool." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.503.

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Based on the analyzed transmission process of spindle head and combined with the analyzed assembly process of spindle box, it determined the relationships of transmission and assembly between the various components of the spindle head. Firstly, using software of computer-aided design (UG6), it established a 3D parts library of spindle box of machine tool. Secondly, we had been developed dynamic simulation and power transmission simulation software of the assembly process of the spindle box of machine tool. It could realistically reproduce the disassembly process and the power transmission process of spindle box of machine tool when running the software. The software not only could be used for the old products to analysis and improvement, but also could be used for development of new products, and to some extent, the prototype could be replaced by it. The software was one of the essential tools for both the training of related employees and teaching of mechanical engineering students.

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Rodionov, V. I., V. I. Gelfand, and G. G. Borisy. "Kinesin-like molecules involved in spindle formation." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 4 (1993): 1179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.4.1179.

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To study the possible involvement of kinesin-like molecules in mitosis a polyclonal antibody against the head domain of Drosophila kinesin heavy chain (HD antibody) was microinjected into PtK1 cells at the prophase-prometaphase transition. Progress of the cell through mitosis was recorded for subsequent detailed analysis. Cells injected with pre-immune IgG progressed through mitosis at rates similar to those for noninjected cells. After HD antibody injections, chromosomes failed to congress to an equatorial plane and cells failed to form a bipolar spindle. Rather, the spindle poles came together, resulting in a monopolar-like configuration with chromosomes arranged about the poles in a rosette. Sometimes the monopolar array moved to the margin of the cell in a way similar to anaphase B movement in normal cells. Antibody-injected cells progressed into the next cell cycle as evidenced by chromosome decondensation and nuclear envelope reformation. Anti-tubulin immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of a radial monopolar array of microtubules in injected cells. HD antibody stained in a punctate pattern in interphase and the spindle region in mitotic PtK1 cells. The antibody also reacted with spindle fibers of isolated mitotic CHO spindles and with kinetochores of isolated CHO chromosomes. Immunoblotting indicated that the major component recognized by the antibody is the 120 kDa kinesin heavy chain. At higher protein loads the antibody recognized also a 34 kDa polypeptide in PtK1 cell extracts, a 135 kDa polypeptide in a preparation of CHO spindles and a 300 kDa polypeptide in a preparation of CHO mitotic chromosomes. We conclude that a kinesin-like molecule is important for the formation and/or maintenance of the structure of mitotic spindle.

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SHIMIZU, Shinji, Yosuke UENO, and Haruhisa SAKAMOTO. "C004 Characteristics of thermal displacement of cylindrical grinding machines with rotation of wheel spindle : Influence of thermal displacement of wheel spindle and wheel spindle head." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2013.7 (2013): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2013.7.319.

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19

Ito, Hiroyuki, Shin-ichiro Hiraiwa, Tomoko Sugiyama, et al. "An Autopsy Case of Anaplastic Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma (Spindle Cell Type) Multiple Onset in the Pancreas." Case Reports in Oncology 12, no. 1 (2019): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499969.

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This is a case of a 75-year-old man who was diagnosed with anaplastic pancreatic ductal carcinoma (spindle cell type). His image findings showed pancreatic head cysts and pancreatic head, body, and tail tumors respectively. EUS-FNA was performed to the pancreatic head and pancreatic body tumors, and the same high atypical type cells suspected of cancer were obtained from either specimen, and finally total pancreatectomy was performed. On the specimen, there were 4 lesions in the pancreas; histology showed that the same anaplastic pancreatic ductal carcinoma (spindle cell type) was obtained from the pancreatic head cyst and the pancreatic tumors.

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Tran, Van Thuy, Huu Loc Nguyen, and Hoang Hiep Nguyen. "Analysis and Experimental Design of Damper System and Cutting Parameters of CNC Router." Applied Mechanics and Materials 894 (September 2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.894.82.

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. An understanding of the dynamic characteristics of a CNC machine is a vital element in the control of the machine which has a direct effect on the machining precision. The ways in which energy is dissipated, such as friction and damping, have a significant effect on the dynamic behavior and spindle vibration of a CNC machine. The paper presents kinetic analysis of the CNC machine damper system, effect of the damper and the cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the dynamic behavior and spindle vibration of a CNC machine. Experimental results have established a second-order regression equation that demonstrates the effect of three parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, and cutting depth on the vibration amplitude of the spindle. In addition, the comparison results show that the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine using the damper is smaller than the spindle head vibration amplitude of the machine not using the damper.

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Maheshwar, A., M. D. Barnes, A. G. Douglas-Jones, N. R. Nind, and S. H. Burroughs. "Spindle cell angiosarcoma of the oropharynx." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, no. 2 (2000): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001904987.

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Angiosarcomas are uncommon malignant tumours of vascular endothelium. In the head and neck, the scalp is the commonest site of origin. A rare case of spindle-cell angiosarcoma of the oropharynx, treated by surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, is reported. We discuss the clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis of this lesion.

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Butool, Syeda Asiya, Ankit Natani, Betina Chandolia, and Manas Bajpai. "Oral Spindle Cell Carcinoma –Diagnosis Based on Immunohistochemical Interpretation." National Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 3 (2021): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21089/njhs.53.0133.

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Abstract Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC) is a biphasic tumor. They are proven to be monoclonal dedifferentiated forms of conventional squamous carcinomas. It is a rare tumor which is infrequently observed in head, neck and in the aerodigestive tract. The tumor is aggressive and shows high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. It is an aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma which resembles a true sarcoma. It is a proliferation of spindle cells and squamous cells. For confirmation of diagnosis, immunohistochemistry is used. A Rare case of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma in a 61 years old male in the tongue.The patient reported of rapidly growing lesion from six months with pain severe pain, dysphagia and difficulty in swallowing patient had history of chewing tobacco from past 35 years. Keywords: Spindle Cell Variant, Biphasic tumor, Head and Neck, Pseudocarcinoma, Sqamous cell, Dysplastic.

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Ni, Yanbing, Biao Zhang, Yupeng Sun, and Yuan Zhang. "Accuracy analysis and design of A3 parallel spindle head." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 29, no. 2 (2016): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2015.1210.144.

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González, V., M. Rodriguez, V. Morillo, R. Muelas, A. Conde, and C. Ferrer. "Spindle cell head and neck tumour. A case report." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 18 (June 2013): S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.288.

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Li, De Guang, Shu Qin Liu, and Bin Bian. "Automatic Thermal Expansion Compensation of the Precise Grinding Machine AMB Spindle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 3221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.3221.

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Thermal expansion of the magnetic bearings in the process of precise grinding will lead to the posture drift of the grinding head, which can seriously affect the precision of the grinding. In this paper, the module of the relationship between temperature rise and the spindle posture is established, and the relationship between the controller’s five reference inputs and the spindle posture is ascertained. The controller’s five reference inputs are corrected according to the sample value of the temperatures in the system, so the inline adjustment of the grinding head posture and the automatic thermal expansion compensation of the system can be realized. Experiment proved that this algorithm could successfully compensate the thermal expansion of the AMB spindle.

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Zheng, Jian Xin, Jian Jun Jiang, and Chuan Shao Liu. "Experimental Study on Optimizing Process Parameters in Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Rolled Extrusion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.435.

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Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration was introduced into common rolled extrusion, effect of the process parameters including tool head radius, feed speed, preload and spindle speed on the 45 steel shaft surface roughness were analyzed through orthogonal experiments. Experimental results show that lower value of surface roughness may be obtained in the process of two-dimensional ultrasonic rolled extrusion than that of common rolled extrusion, and the influence order of process parameters on surface roughness is feed speed, spindle speed, preload and tool head radius; the influence curves of tool head radius and spindle speed on surface roughness are concave curves, and influence curves of feed speed and preload on surface roughness are convex curves, or optimizing process parameters exist. The empirical formula for surface roughness is given using multiple regression analysis based on the experimental results. This study will provide a new technique for finishing precision parts.

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Nomura, Mitsuyoshi, Takahiro Kawashima, Takayuki Shibata, Yoshihiko Murakami, Masami Masuda, and Osamu Horiuchi. "Development of Axial Encoder to Measure Spindle Axial Motion." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 3 (2009): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0286.

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This paper deals with a newly developed axial encoder to measure spindle axial motion. The axial encoder was composed of a cylindrical rod with circular gratings and an optical encoder head. They were respectively mounted on the spindle nose and the worktable of a vertical milling machine. It has been ascertained by experiments that the prototype can digitally measure spindle axial motion with a resolution of 0.1 μm.

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Zhang, Lei, Qing Jian Liu, Tai Yong Wang, Hong Bin Li, and Wei Tian. "Structural Design and Improvement of Spindle in Five-Axis Wood Engraving Machine." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.200.

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In the wood engraving industry, the double swing motor spindle or the double rotation motor spindle is often used as the spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine to achieve three-dimensional sculpture. However, the rough and motor spindle may interfere with each other during machining. Hence, many small regions of rough cannot be machined. To solve this problem, an anthropomorphic double-swing-head mechanism is designed. Instead of motor spindle, the designed mechanism is used as spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine. The level of automation and machining scope of the machine are improved. The workload of subsequent artificial modification is reduced. Then, the machining efficiency and quality of wood products are enhanced, and their production costs are reduced.

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Dolgui, A., N. Guschinsky, and G. Levin. "A design of DSS for mass production machining systems." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 57, no. 3 (2009): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-010-0128-x.

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A design of DSS for mass production machining systemsIn this paper, we present a decision support tool (DSS) for preliminary design of transfer machines with rotary or mobile tables. In these transfer machines, the machining operations are executed on working positions equipped by standard multi-spindle heads. A part is sequentially machined onmworking positions and is moved from one position to the next using a rotary or a mobile table. The operations are grouped into blocks, where the operations of the same block are simultaneously performed by one multi-spindle head. At the preliminary design stage, the goal is to select the number of working positions and to decide which spindle heads will be installed minimizing the machine cost while respecting a given production rate. The paper presents the overall approach and depicts mathematical and decision-support methods developed and implemented in a software for the optimization of preliminary design (or reconfiguration) of such machining systems.

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Chan, Y. S., J. Kasper, and V. J. Wilson. "Dynamics and directional sensitivity of neck muscle spindle responses to head rotation." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 6 (1987): 1716–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.6.1716.

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With the use of floating electrodes we recorded from the C2 dorsal root ganglion of decerebrate cats during sinusoidal and trapezoidal head rotation. Fifty-one spontaneously firing afferents were identified as muscle spindle endings. Some were identified by their excitatory response to injection of succinylcholine, others by the similarity of their behavior to that of endings excited by the drug. Because afferent input to the ganglion was restricted by sectioning most nerve trunks, most spindle endings were presumably located in ventral and ventrolateral perivertebral muscles. The firing of each spindle afferent was modulated most effectively by tilting the head in a specific direction; this direction was termed its response vector. Responses to sine waves and trapezoids were then studied with stimuli oriented as closely as possible to the vertical plane of this vector. Most spindle afferents could be classified in one of two categories. Those with high gain, pronounced nonlinearity, and high dynamic index were called type A. Those classified as type B had low gain, a fairly linear response, and low dynamic index. In response to small (0.5 degrees) stimuli, type A endings had phase leads of approximately 40 degrees at frequencies of sinusoidal stimulation of 0.02-0.1 Hz, increasing to approximately 80 degrees at 4 Hz; with larger (2.5 degrees) stimuli, phase was advanced by an additional 10-20 degrees at all frequencies. Phase of type B responses was less advanced than that of type A responses. Gain slopes of the two types of endings were similar. Bode plots of spindle afferents strongly resembled those of upper cervical neurons whose activity is modulated by head rotation. Each spindle afferent had a response vector whose direction remained stable with time, different frequencies of stimulation, and different stimulus amplitudes. The distribution of response vectors covered approximately 270 degrees, with a gap near nose down pitch. Changing initial head position usually had little effect on the direction of an afferent's response vector or on response dynamics. However, stimulation far from the best plane could transform a type A into a type B response. This raises the possibility that type B receptors could be type A receptors best stimulated by yaw and with only low sensitivity to stimulation in vertical planes. Type A receptors have all the properties of spindle primaries. The identification of type B receptors remains uncertain, because they may include secondary afferents as well as primaries stimulated far from their best three-dimensional vector.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Hu, Ru Fu, Xiao Ping Chen, and Huan Xin Yao. "Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Characteristics for NC Lathe Spindle System." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.291.

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Improving thermal characteristics is a crucial approach for increasing machining accuracy of NC lathe. Modeling and analysis of thermal characteristics to a high speed NC lathe were implemented by using finite element method in this paper. Based on this, temperature rise characteristic of the whole spindle system was obtained. The thermal deformation of spindle system due to thermal-mechanical coupling was calculated. Layout and parameter were optimized for the radiating plate of spindle box. And this leads to a considerable reduction in the run-out error of spindle head. The optimization result reaches the expected goal.

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Kimura, Tokuhiro, Makio Mukai, Akihiro Shiotani, Kazuhisa Moro, Asako Ikeda, and Yasunori Okada. "Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx With an Extensive Spindle Cell Component Exhibiting a Pedunculated Polypoid Mass." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 4 (2005): e94-e96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-e94-bscoth.

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Abstract We report a case of basaloid squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx with an extensive spindle cell component in an 82-year-old man. The tumor (4.0 × 2.5 × 2.2 cm) was a pedunculated polypoid mass that was attached to the left pyriform sinus. Histologically, most (70%) of the tumor was composed of malignant spindle cell proliferation, and the rest (30%) was basaloid squamous carcinoma. Some of the spindle cells were positive for cytokeratins. The preoperative histologic diagnosis was difficult because the endoscopic biopsy specimens showed only spindle cell proliferation. This is an unusual presentation of basaloid squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.

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33

LI, Qi. "Compliance Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Parallel Spindle Head." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52, no. 11 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.11.001.

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34

Valsange, P. S., and M. L. Kulkarni. "Design and analysis of spindle head for micro milling machine." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 3 (2014): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-113798109.

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35

Ni, Yanbing, Yuan Zhang, Kai Sun, Hui Wang, and Yupeng Sun. "Interpolation control algorithm for a three-RPS parallel spindle head." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 230, no. 7 (2016): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651816645687.

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36

Forestier, F., V. Gagnol, P. Ray, and H. Paris. "Modeling of Self-Vibratory Drilling Head-Spindle System for Predictions of Bearings Lifespan." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2011 (August 21, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/606087.

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The machining of deep holes is limited due to inadequate chip evacuation, which induces tool breakage. To limit this drawback, retreat cycles and lubrication are used. An alternative response to the evacuation problem is based on high-speed vibratory drilling. A specific tool holder induces axial self-maintained vibration of the drill, which enables the chips to be split. The chips are thus of a small size and can be evacuated. To anticipate the potential risk of decreased spindle lifespan associated with these vibrations, a model of the behavior of the system (spindle—self-vibrating drilling head—tool) is elaborated. In order to assess the dynamic behavior of the system, this study develops a rotor-based finite element model, integrated with the modelling of component interfaces. The current results indicate that the simulations are consistent with the experimental measurements. The influence of spindle speed and feed rate on bearing lifespan is highlighted.

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Khadim, MT, A. Asif, Z. Ali, S. Jamal, and R. Ahmad. "Spindle Cell Rhabdomyoscarcoma of the Tongue - A Rare Entity." Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery 2, no. 1 (2012): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v2i1.6783.

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38

Jeong, H. S., J. R. Cho, and H. C. Park. "Development of Dissimilar Inertia Welding Process of Large Superalloy Spindle." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1429.

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Considering the exhaust valve spindle consists of a valve head and a stem comprising the body, the use of different materials, that is, Nimonic 80A for the head and SNCrW for the stem, can reduce the manufacturing cost dramatically. The inertia welding was conducted to make the large exhaust valve for low speed marine diesel engines, superalloy Nimonic 80A for valve head of 540mm diameter and high alloy SNCrW for valve stem of 115mm diameter. Due to different properties of material like thermal conductivity and flow stress on the two sides of the weld interface, modeling is crucial in determining the optimal weld geometry and parameters. FE simulation was performed by the commercial code DEFORM-2D. A Good agreement between the predicted and actual welded shape was observed. It was expected that simulation will significantly reduce the number of experimental trials needed to determine the weld parameters, especially for welds of very expensive materials or large shaft. A variety of tests, including microstructure observation, tensile, hardness and fatigue test, are conducted to evaluate the quality of welded joints.

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Micun, Krzysztof, and Sławomir Roj-Rojewski. "Morphological characteristics and lithological conditions of the spring-heads in the Knyszyńska Primeval Forest." Journal of Water and Land Development 40, no. 1 (2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0003.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of selected spring-heads in the Knyszyńska Primeval Forest and to identify lithological conditions in areas where groundwater flows to the surface. During the study, detailed bed level measurements of the spring-head areas were conducted. Lidar laser data obtained from the Central Department of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Warsaw were also used for the analysis of morphometry. Based on the data, the detailed contour maps were created in the Surfer 12 programme and the basic parameters of the morphometry of the studied springs were determined. To detect lithological conditions, granulometric analyses were conducted and the filtration coefficient of aquifers in the individual spring-heads was calculated using Hazen and USBSC empirical models. Due to the morphological situation, the examined objects were classified as sub-slope and riverbank spring-heads. In terms of shape, spring-head alcoves are classified as basin-shaped, bowl-shaped and spindle-shaped alcoves. Different morphological processes prevail in each of these types. Basin-shaped alcoves are formed mainly by lateral erosion, bowlshaped alcoves by seepage erosion, landsliding and accumulation in the bottom, spindle-shaped alcoves by seepage erosion, headward erosion, breaking and collapsing. In the investigated outflows of groundwater aquifers are sands and glacifluvial sands with gravel of varying grain size. The lithological variation of aquifers in the spring-heads, directly affects the rate of groundwater filtration in different parts of the alcoves, which in turn leads to different morphogenetic processes and results in changes in the morphology of the spring-head alcoves.

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Abedi Khoozani, Parisa, and Gunnar Blohm. "Neck muscle spindle noise biases reaches in a multisensory integration task." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 3 (2018): 893–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00643.2017.

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Reference frame transformations (RFTs) are crucial components of sensorimotor transformations in the brain. Stochasticity in RFTs has been suggested to add noise to the transformed signal due to variability in transformation parameter estimates (e.g., angle) as well as the stochastic nature of computations in spiking networks of neurons. Here, we varied the RFT angle together with the associated variability and evaluated the behavioral impact in a reaching task that required variability-dependent visual-proprioceptive multisensory integration. Crucially, reaches were performed with the head either straight or rolled 30° to either shoulder, and we also applied neck loads of 0 or 1.8 kg (left or right) in a 3 × 3 design, resulting in different combinations of estimated head roll angle magnitude and variance required in RFTs. A novel three-dimensional stochastic model of multisensory integration across reference frames was fitted to the data and captured our main behavioral findings: 1) neck load biased head angle estimation across all head roll orientations, resulting in systematic shifts in reach errors; 2) increased neck muscle tone led to increased reach variability due to signal-dependent noise; and 3) both head roll and neck load created larger angular errors in reaches to visual targets away from the body compared with reaches toward the body. These results show that noise in muscle spindles and stochasticity in general have a tangible effect on RFTs underlying reach planning. Since RFTs are omnipresent in the brain, our results could have implications for processes as diverse as motor control, decision making, posture/balance control, and perception. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that increasing neck muscle tone systematically biases reach movements. A novel three-dimensional multisensory integration across reference frames model captures the data well and provides evidence that the brain must have online knowledge of full-body geometry together with the associated variability to plan reach movements accurately.

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Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki, Shoji Oura, and Shinichiro Makimoto. "Successful Enucleation of a Large Pancreatic Head Schwannoma." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 15, no. 1 (2021): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511250.

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A presumed benign cystic tumor in the pancreatic head had been pointed out to a 78-year-old man 4 years ago. In addition to no communication between the tumor and the main pancreatic duct, magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic fluid was serous. Gradual tumor enlargement from 2.1 to 4.0 cm urged us to resect the tumor. In order to safely enucleate the tumor, we preoperatively placed a pancreatic duct stent and covered the pancreatic parenchyma with a polyglycolic acid sheet, fibrin glue, and thrombin after tumor enucleation. The patient postoperatively developed grade B pancreatic fistula but recovered with antibiotics therapy. Postoperative computed tomography showed successful preservation of the main pancreatic duct. Pathological study showed a well-defined tumor mainly composed of loosely textured and S-100-positive spindle cells with abundant and hyalinized blood vessels in the cystic walls with palisading spindle cells, leading to the diagnosis of Antoni B schwannoma. The patient was discharged on the 11th day after operation. Both pancreatic duct stunting and covering the exposed pancreatic parenchyma with a polyglycolic acid sheet, fibrin glue, and thrombin are feasible measures to enucleate large benign tumors in the pancreatic head.

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Sun, Wen Lei, Xiao Li Li, and Chang Bing Fu. "Cotton Picker Picks Roller Motion Simulation and Dynamics Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1765.

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The drum is the process of picking cotton, picking cotton picker cotton picker head of the key device, which controls the seat tube and Abstract Abstract ingot of movement, Abstract spindle picking of cotton is also directly affect the quality and efficiency of key factors. Therefore, by creating a virtual prototype model cotton picker roller, about picking cotton picker principle, and the movement simulation model to arrive at, dynamic model of the external force, the cotton picker spindles moving speed of the Summary Block pipe displacement, velocity and acceleration effects. Then summed up, cotton picker of road speed, picking rate and the net rate of mining.

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Carroll, Sarah Jayne, and Laurentia Nodit. "Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Brief Diagnostic Review and Differential Diagnosis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 8 (2013): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0465-rs.

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Spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that has a predilection for young males and most commonly involves the paratesticular region followed by head and neck. Histopathology demonstrates elongated spindle cells with fusiform to cigar-shaped nuclei and indistinct eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in fascicles or whorls. Although the tumor demonstrates increased cellularity and moderate atypia, the microscopic and architectural patterns can allow this tumor to be confused with multiple entities, such as leiomyosarcoma, spindle cell carcinoma, desmoplastic melanoma, or fibrosarcoma, with important therapeutic implications. Immunohistochemical workup demonstrates sarcomeric differentiation with reactivity for desmin, myogenin, and MyoD1 markers. Compared with other subtypes, the spindle cell variant in children is associated with a favorable outcome; however, in the adult population there does not appear to be any prognostic advantage.

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SUN, Tianhui. "Kinematic Calibration of 3-DOF Spindle Head Using Double-ball Bar." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48, no. 05 (2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2012.05.022.

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45

HUANG, Tian. "Identification of Dynamic Parameters of a Novel 3-DOF Spindle Head." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49, no. 19 (2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2013.19.031.

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46

Mitsuyasu, Tamotsu, Hitoshi Yanagisawa, Toshihiro Uehara, and Haruo Okuda. "Friction Reduction Effectiveness between Head and Disk by Ultrasonic Vibration Spindle." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 54, no. 10 (2000): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.54.1431.

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47

Suzuki, Chiaki, Satoshi Ohno, Shinji Takebayashi, et al. "Two Cases of Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck." Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl. 144 (2015): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirinsuppl.144.102.

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48

Suzuki, Chiaki, Satoshi Ohno, Shinji Takebayashi, et al. "Two Cases of Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 108, no. 5 (2015): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.108.375.

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49

Higashino, Takuya, and Rintaro Hirai. "A Spindle Cell Hemangioendothelioma on the Head Resembling an Arteriovenous Malformation." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 25, no. 4 (2014): e312-e313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000000574.

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50

Benninger, M. S., D. Kraus, B. Sebek, H. M. Tucker, and P. Lavertu. "Head and neck spindle cell carcinoma: an evaluation of current management." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 59, no. 5 (1992): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.59.5.479.

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