Dissertationen zum Thema „Spectroscopie Raman des rayons X“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Spectroscopie Raman des rayons X" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Delhommaye, Steven. „Single-particle modelling of X-ray Absorption and X-ray Raman Scattering spectra : from the impact of vibrations on multipole transition channels to the implementation of L2,3 edges“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work focuses on core level spectroscopies and their modelling by Quantum ESPRESSO, an open-source suite of codes. In particular this work focuses on X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), already well established, and X-Ray Raman Scattering (XRS), proving to be an increasingly popular alternative to XAS, for example under harsh experimental conditions. The first objective of this work was to study the impact of the thermal vibrations of nuclei on the multipole contributions available in XAS and XRS. Indeed, the QHA model used in this work to account for these vibration effects has been used to study light oxides before, but never to assess these effects on the secondary contribution channels of XAS (quadrupole) and XRS (monopole). The study relies on comparison between calculation and experimental data on two well-known reference compounds, rutile TiO2 and α-Al2O3. Moreover, a flaw of the QHA model when trying to reproduce subtle angular dependence signals was discovered and corrected using group theory. The second objective of the thesis was to implement calculation of XRS L2,3 edges in the XSpectra module of Quantum ESPRESSO. It was inspired by the previous implementations of XAS L2,3 edges and XRS K edges calculations in XSpectra. The monopole and dipole contributions were implemented up to the first order of the expansion of the XRS transition operator. It was tested by comparing calculation and measured data on various sulphur compounds. Good agreement with data could be produced, but was found very sensitive to the chosen core hole approximation
Amira, Yassine. „Matériaux ferroélectriques PKGN : synthèse, études par diffraction de rayons X, diélectriques et par spectroscopie Raman“. Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA new family of a rare-earth ferroelectric Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB)-type compounds, with general formula Pb2(1-x)K1+xGdxNb5O15 (PKGN) was elaborated by solid state reaction. Structural and electrical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. Ferroelectric phases are found, and their symmetry, together with the transition temperature strongly depended of the gadolinium concentration. It was shown that at room temperature, for the low gadolinium (Gd) concentration (x < 0. 3) the ferroelectric state is described by the symmetry group Cm2m, while at intermediate Gd concentration (0. 35< x < 0. 70) the symmetry group is mainly described in Pba2 and in compounds with a higher Gd concentration, the space group P4bm is associated to ferroelectricity. The ferroelectric/paraelectric transition temperature strongly changes with the gadolinium concentration, in a non monotonic way. This behavior is due to the existence of structural changes versus composition. Two phase transitions were evidenced for compounds with higher gadolinium rate, where the intermediate phase could be related to an antiferroelectric state. The obtained results were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy studies which provide strong evidence of the reduction of the disorder in the TTB structure when going from Pb to Gd
Aubin, Marlène. „Révéler la chimie des préparations antiques, à usage cosmétique ou médical, impliquant des sels de métaux lourds“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066479/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the Antiquity, oculists (eye care specialised physicians) mixed mineral, vegetal and animal substances to prepare elaborate solid medicines termed collyria. In an interdisciplinary work, we investigated the chemical composition, the inorganic phases structure and the manufacturing process of such collyria. The implemented analytical techniques were Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stability of metallic salts based replicas prepared according to ancient texts recipes was studied in order to identify the pristine phases. Four collections of archaeological collyria (Musée Gallo-Romain de Lyon, Musée d’Archéologie Nationale, Cabinet des Médailles de la BnF, Musée Atestino d’Este) were studied on site, using portable devices. A methodology combining XRF and XRD results was developed to quantify the inorganic phases distribution. For the first time, a straight relationship was established between compositions obtained by physico-chemical analysis and ancient recipes
Clermont, Gallerande Emmanuelle de. „Étude de la structure locale d’oxydes alcalins par diffusion Raman des rayons X“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe oxygen is an abundant element on Earth, which is able to make oxide by bonding with many other elements. Among the diverse oxides, alkali borates and silicates are studied in many scientific fields for their properties, which requires to improve the understanding of both their crystalline and vitreous structures. X-ray Raman Scattering (XRS) is an adequate technique to study the local structure of those compounds as it allows measurements carried out on light elements even using a complex sample environment, like high-pressure or high-temperature device. XRS requires the development of theoretical tools in order to interpret the experimental spectra, we have thus developed a computational code to simulate XRS spectra at K edges. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra at all the edges of references compounds composed of light elements was found, allowing us to use this code to interpret data on alkali borates and silicates. We mainly focused on the oxygen local environment in alkali borates and silicate in order to understand the local and medium range order of the structure of vitreous compounds using crystalline compounds as references. We manage to evidence some specific spectral signature related to the symmetry of the oxygen environment. Some spectral signature can be followed during in situ high-pressure measurements as they give information on the compounds behavior under pressure and the structural changes it undergoes. Using those spectral signatures, we were able to follow the behavior of two lithium borates under pressure and to come up with a densification mechanism depending on the structural oxygen packing
Polovinkin, Vitaly. „Utilisation des amphipols pour les études de spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface et de cristallographie aux rayons X appliquées aux protéines membranaires“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmphipols (APols) have become important tools for the stabilization, folding, and in vitro structural and functional studies of membrane proteins (MPs). MPs are the main functional units of biomembranes and represent roughly one-third of the proteins encoded in the genome. The first part of my work was dedicated to crystallization of a MP trapped by APol. Direct crystallization of MPs solubilized in APols would be of high importance for structural biology. However, despite considerable efforts, it is still not clear whether MP/APol complexes can be used to form well-ordered crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. The first major goal of this PhD thesis work was to show that APol-trapped MP can be crystallized in meso. To perform it we utilized special, flexibly adjustable for a certain MP, interconnected amphiphilic bilayers (IAB) approach which has been recently developed in our laboratory. We used bacteriorhodopsin (BR) trapped with APol A8-35 as a model system for our crystallization studies. The first obtained crystals diffracted to 3 Å, while a new developed type of high throughput nanovolume crystallization, exploiting dry precipitants, shifted the observed X ray diffraction peaks beyond 2 Å. The structure of BR was solved to 2 Å and found to be indistinguishable from previous structures obtained with a detergent-solubilized protein. We suggest that the proposed protocol of in meso crystallization is generally applicable to APol-trapped MPs.The second, to a certain extent, complementary part of the present work was related to application of APols to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies of MPs. SERS spectroscopy has been developed dramatically since its discovery in the 1970s. It is a powerful analytical tool for selective sensing of molecules adsorbed onto noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures, including at the single molecule (SM) level. Unfortunately, MPs studies are far away from the main stream of SERS applications due to the great handling difficulties resulting from the amphiphilic nature of MPs. The ability of APols to trap MPs and keep them soluble, stable and functional opens the way for highly interesting applications of SERS studies, possibly at the SM level. Thus, the second goal of this PhD thesis work was to prove our concept of feasibility of SERS with MPs trapped by APols. Using the same as in the crystallization studies model BR/A8-35 complexes and silver NP aggregates, the task was fulfilled to a degree enough to start with the SERS studies of MPs.The first chapter of the PhD thesis begins with general information about the importance of MP studies and the problems with their handling. Further in this chapter, a brief overview of APols, their properties and applications is presented. The largest part of the “Introduction” is dedicated to main points of different MP crystallization approaches and Raman spectroscopy, in particular SERS spectroscopy, and their applications to proteins. The end of the “Introduction” part presents the conclusions about APol application for X-ray crystallography and SERS spectroscopy studies of MPs, setting the main goals for the present work. The “Materials and methods” chapter consists of detailed description of the materials and protocols used in this study. The results of crystallization and SERS studies and their interpretations are presented as two different parts in the last “Results and discussions” chapter. The “Conclusions and perspectives” sections accompany each of these parts
Larguem, Hadjira. „Évolution structurale et réactivité chimique hors et sous irradiation de céramiques oxydes envisagées pour le confinement spécifique de radionucléides à vie longue“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe perovskite group minerals is a subclass of oxides of broad geophysical and material science interest. This is because (Mg, Fe)SiO3 is supposed to be the main mineral in the mantle. From the material science point of view, perovskite-type structures are refractory phases, which property can be used for the long-term immobilization of radionuclides. Among these perovskite-type structures, titanates and zirconates of alkali-earth elements (such as CaTiO3 and CaZrO3) are able to accommodate cationic substitutions with actinides and rare earth elements, mostly in their Ca sites (apart vacancy defective structures). Also, perovskite-type compounds are closely related to those from other refractory oxide families such as zirconolite ((Ca,Ce)Zr(Ti,Nb,Fe(III))2O7) and pyrochlore ((Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F)). The first part of this work is devoted to the study of the structural distorsions induced by a Sr (in the Ca site) and Sn (in the Zr site) of both (CaxSr1-x)ZrO3 and Ca(ZrxSn1-x)O3 perovskites. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy are used to follow these two substitution processes. The distorsion of the BO6 octaedra strongly decreases while the ionic radius of cation A increases. On the opposite, it increase while the ionic radius of cation B increases. Then, the incorporation of Nd(III) in CaZrO3 lattice is investigated by Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractograms and by complementary Raman scattering and XAFS spectroscopies. Analysis of the XRD diffractograms and their Rietveld refinements indicate that the substitution of Nd in CaZrO3 occurs preferentially on the Ca site and the solubility limit occurs at 30 mol. % of Nd2O3. On the opposite, Raman observations suggest that this substitution rather occurs on the Zr site. Complementary experiments carried on, using synchrotron induced X-ray absorption spectroscopy excludes the possibility of a substitution of Nd on the Zr site. The second part of this work deals with the study of the chemical reactivity of CaTiO3 and CaZrO3 perovskite compounds coupled or not with a preliminary irradiation by low energy heavy ions (Xe ions between 150 and 260 keV) at various fluences between 5. 1013 and 3. 1016 ions/cm2. The main features of perovskite alteration can be summarized as follow : - stronger surface reactivity in acid medium ; - formation of a passivating layer able to control the further solubility composed of oxohydroxydes ; - growth of secondary phases enriched in Ti and Zr at the water/ceramic interface. Perovskite, chemical durability is strongly affected by ion irradiation when the critical amorphization dose is reached or excessed. Below that threshold, the surface hydration increase remains relatively limited (< 20 %). Finally, this approach is extended to zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) and pyrochlore (Nd2Zr2O7) compounds with the aim to study both radiation damage and chemical durability
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. „Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1126/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we show the relevance of Raman spectroscopy as a useful technique to investigate the local changes induced by the electrochemical reaction of intercalation/deintercalation of lithium in positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries.Raman investigations concern three types of high voltage cathode materials (4-5Volts) which are layered LiCoO2 and cubic LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4.During electrochemical deintercalation of LiCoO2, we show the existence of a two phase region where the initial hexagonal phase coexist with a second hexagonal phase with a 3% expansion of the lattice parameter indicating a weakening of the Co-O bond in the Li1-xCoO2 material.On the other hand, a new assignment of LiMn2O4 Raman spectrum was proposed. During the charge in the 4V region, a three region phase (initial LiMn2O4 phase, intermediary phase and poor lithium phase) was described using Raman spectroscopy. RX measurements can not detect this intermediary phase. Lithiated phase Raman signature shows a specific local order: Fd3m for extreme phases and F43m for partially lithiated phase. A rich Raman band spectrum is attributed to this later phase in coherence with literature calculations. Structural changes reversibility is demonstrated. Identification of this intermediary phase as a major component of a cycled electrode, underline the incomplete reduction and explain the important loss of capacity observed during cycling. Raman study of LiMn2O4 electrochemical insertion in the 3V region, has demonstrated for the first time a progressive formation of tetragonal Li2Mn2O4 phase, which is in coexistence with initial cubic phase and is pure at the end of discharge. Structural transition reversibility was also demonstrated.In the case of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4, the assignment of the Raman spectrum of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 is provided for the first time. DRX study in function of the state of charge and discharge, exhibit cubic structure conservation with moderate lattice parameters variations. The Raman spectrum of the spinel oxide exhibits drastic spectral changes during Li extraction. These changes have been directly related to the Mn and Ni oxidation states in the cathode material under operation. It comes out that electrochemical reactions of LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 are reversible and based on three redox couples of Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni2+/Ni3+, and Ni3+/Ni4+. An original and concrete Raman spectroscopy application is the study of self discharge mechanism of completely charged LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. Raman spectra evolution exhibits a quantitative Ni4+ reduction during the first hours, and then a slower Ni3+ reduction process. Finally, LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 lithium insertion has been explored for the first time using Raman spectroscopy, and a tetragonal Li2Ni0.4Mn1.6O4 phase has been identified.The originality of this work is the important number of experimental Raman data of 4V electrode materials. New assignment of initial compound has been proposed and original vibrationnal data of compound during charge/discharge has been presented. These Raman data has permitted to propose a quantitative explanation which must be completed with ab initio calculations to simulate vibrationnal modes frequencies/ intensities
Moissette, Alain. „Réactivité du graphite avec les solutions sulfatées acides en présence ou non d'uranium : caractérisation spectroscopique des composés d'insertion“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0063_MOISSETTE.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoutou, Joseph-Marie. „Synthèse et caractérisation de quelques oxyfluorures de tungstène et de molybdène d'alcalins et de cuivre“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWilhelm, Henri. „Structure, texture et morphologie de graphites synthétiques en poudre : étude de la conductivité électrique de mélanges comprimés Mn02-graphite“. Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10277.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougeau, Laurent. „Synthèse et caractérisation de composés thermochromes. : Application aux capteurs thermiques“. Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe target of this work is to create an intelligent label able to indicate if temperature has risen over a definite threshold. This control is highlighted by colour change. To meet industrial requirements (one or tow-step syntheses from low cost starting materials), we have studied diacetylenic compounds which can provide a great number of various molecules. Beyond industrial objective, this thesis approaches additional studies. To understand the thermochromic phenomenon, we have determined the structure of various compounds before and after the colour change by analytical techniques: solid NMR, Raman spectrometry, ESR, X-rays. We have also established structure/property relationships between the starting diyns and their thermochromic properties, especially influence of chains lengths and chemical functions (alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide. . . ). We have identified a new family of thermochromic diacetylenic compounds (asymmetric monoesters) changing from blue (after UV irradiation) to red (after heating) at temperatures varying from -20 to +75°C according to the chains length. The blue intermediary product reacts very quickly to various stimuli and the red compound is insoluble, which has limited the field of usable analytical techniques. Nevertheless, various solid analyses have allowed us to propose a structure for blue and red compounds and a mechanism for the thermochromic behaviour. During UV irradiation, the diacetylenic conjugated system is transformed into a cumulene having free radical to its ends, then after heat we obtain a hyperconjugated polymer with double and triple bounds. Lastly, an X-rays study has allowed us to understand why some compounds turn red whereas others not, crystalline structure of the starting compound playing a very important role in thermochromic phenomenon
Chaudemanche, Samuel. „Caractérisation in situ de l'endommagement volumique par Spectroscopie Raman et rayons X de différents polypropylènes déformés en traction uniaxiale“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0263/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of polymer materials - replacing or combining with metallic materials - has successfully established itself in the 20th century for increasingly technical mechanical applications. The great diversity of polymers physical properties is closely related to their high microstructural complexity, which is still very misunderstood despite their massive use. The development of new techniques for in situ characterization allows to better understand the microstructural evolutions on nanoscale and micrometer scale which affect the macroscopic behavior. This work report the use of Raman spectroscopy coupled with the VideoTractionTM system in order to obtain information about the microstructural deformation of polymer. Various formulations of polypropylene were studied to highlight the role played by the polypropylene matrix and the organic and mineral fillers in the plastic deformation process. The in situ measures of the macromolecular chains' orientation determined by Raman were confirmed by the performing of an experimental setup coupling the Raman-VideoTractionTM system with a device of Wide angle X-ray scattering. The volume damage of material was studied post mortem using X-ray tomography. The improvements made to VideoTractionTM-Raman system and a study of the incoherent light scattering of our materials enabled the setting of a Raman criterion for measuring in situ the volume damage. The studies carried out to evaluate in situ macromolecular orientation and volume damage highlight the existence of competition between these two processes. The degree of influence of organic and mineral fillers in this competition within the polypropylene matrix was determined
Fillaux, Clara. „Etude structurale et vibrationnelle du chlorure de zinc à hautes pressions et hautes températures“. Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007985.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerlen, Alexandre San Miguel Alfonso. „Nanotubes de carbone monoparois dans des conditions extrêmes de pression et de température“. Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/87/57/PDF/tel-00011014.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoethals, Jules. „Evolution structurale de pérovskites calciques substituées par des terres rares“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe perovskite structure is widely studied since several decades and a myriad of materials presenting this structure are used in numerous applications. These materials are notably used as capacitors, anodes for solid oxide fuel cells, catalysts, mantellic perovskite analogues, solar cells or matrix for the nuclear waste storage. The perovskite structure can be described as simple (ABO3) or complex (A’A’’BO6, AB’B’’O6, A’A’’B’B’’O6, …) depending on its chemical composition and its structural features. The incorporation of trivalent elements in A2+B4+O3 perovskites induces structural modifications and charge compensation problems that can be accommodated by several ways. The crystallochemistry of these materials must be understood in order to better apprehend their physical properties. During this thesis, the incorporation of trivalent rare earths (used as potential actinide analogues) in orthorhombic calcic perovskites was studied. Thus, trivalent rare earths were incorporated at high temperature (up to 1550°C) in CaSnO3 and CaTiO3 perovskites.In the first part of this study, the incorporation of Nd in CaSnO3 was studied by means of electronic microprobe (EMPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction, single crystal X-ray diffraction, µ-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). It was shown that approximately 17 at % of Nd can be incorporated in a preformed CaSnO3 perovskite. The single crystal X-ray diffraction on the most concentrated samples (Nd ≈ 14 at % and Nd ≈17 at %) showed that Nd is replacing Ca in the A site of the perovskite with charge compensation by Ca migration into the perovskite B site (instead of Sn). This mechanism can be written as:(1-x) CaSnO3 + x Nd2O3 (Ca1-2xNd2x)(Sn1-xCax)O3To our knowledge, this mechanism was never reported in the literature. The chemical studies (EMPA), coupled with the structural studies (powder X-ray diffraction, µ-Raman spectroscopy) on the less Nd concentrated samples showed that this substitution mechanism occurs in the whole range of composition.In the second part of this study and regarding the previous substitution mechanism, we studied the incorporation of eight rare earths (La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb), presenting decreasing ionic radii, in a preformed calcium titanate perovskite, CaTiO3, following a similar protocol. This crystallochemical study by means of EMPA, powder x-ray diffraction and µ-Raman spectroscopy strongly suggests that a substitution mechanism similar to the one observed in the (1-x) CaSnO3 – x Nd2O3 system was possible for the (1-x) CaTiO3 –x Ln2O3 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb) perovskite systems.This experimental study evidenced a new substitution mechanism of trivalent rare earths element in two calcic perovskites (CaSnO3, CaTiO3). This result could be in turn used for crystal engineering purposes
Dridi, Zrelli Yosra. „Électrochimie et spectroscopie Raman de matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries Li-ion“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYousfi, Said. „Mécanismes de conduction et effet photovoltaïque dans des films minces de BiFeO3“. Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe multiferroic BiFeO3 is one of the most studied material because of the room temperature coexisting ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic state. It also shows a photovoltaic response not yet understood. The main objective of this thesis is therefore to investigate the the photovoltaic properties of epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films. Preliminary to photovoltaic studies an investigation of the conduction mechanism has been performed. A polaronic transport with next nearest hopping mechanism is evidenced with a change of regime below 253K. Below 253K variable range hopping transport is observed and involves defects states near the Fermi level. This transport behavior seems connected to the photovoltaic response and change observed at 253K in the photo-induced voltage. Interestingly the photovoltaic response is induced by the ferroelectric state and we demonstrate a switchable photovoltaic effect by an applied electric field. In order to artificially reproduce the domain structure involved in the photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 BiFeO3/SrRuO3 superlattices have been fabricated and a preliminary structural investigation is presented. A structural change is evidenced from a rhombohedral structure to pseudo-tetragonal state in the superlattices with variable periodicities and we attribute this transition to the influence of the induced in-plane elastic strain
Martin, Julien. „Etude par spectroscopie Raman du polypropylène isotactique au cours de sa déformation uniaxiale“. Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ021S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, Raman spectroscopy is used as an optical method, fast and non destructive, for microstructural characterization of polymeric materials. The main purpose of the work is to collect spectral assignments enable to follow some microstructural features such as crystallinity, molecular orientation and volume strain of isotactic polypropylene under uniaxial tension
Merlen, Alexandre. „Nanotubes de carbone monoparois dans des conditions extrêmes de pression et de température“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToniazzo, Valérie. „Approche des mécanismes d'oxydation de la pyrite par thiobacillus ferrooxidans grâce à la modélisation morpho-chimique de la surface minérale : Rôle fondamental des phases superficielles oxydées“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0076_TONIAZZO.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrcera, Nicolas. „Etude de la structure de verres magnésio-silicatés : approche expérimentale et modélisation“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481945.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhadi, Jamal. „Contraintes, ferroélectricité et transitions de phases dans les films minces et superréseaux à base du ferroélectrique BaTiO3 et du paraélectrique BaZrO3“. Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we are interested to the study of the effect of stress on the structural, vibrational and electrical properties of thin films and superlattices consisting of BaTiO3 (BT) and BaZrO3 (BZ) grown by PLD technique on the MgO substrate buffered LSCO. We studied both symmetric superlattices [BT]L/2/[BZ]L/2, by varying the period Λ between 16 and 1056 Å and the asymmetric superlattices [BT](1-x)Λ/ [BZ]xΛ, by varying x between 0. 15 and 0. 85 with Λ= 100 Å. We are show that the polar c-axis of the BT single film lies in the plane of the substrate and the BZ single film exhibits a non polar tetragonal distortion oriented c-axis. In superlattices, the BT layers are oriented a-axis and the BZ layers exhibit enhanced tetragonal distortion which is induced by the mismatch between the alternating BZ and BT layers. For [BT]L/2/[BZ]L/2 superlattices, the physical properties depends to the changing period Λ. For small periods Λ <32 Å, the interfaces effects dominate the effective properties of superlattices. Whereas for 32 Å ≤ Λ ≤ 256 Å, as a result of strain, the BT and BZ layers are under strong distortion inducing a polar phase in the BZ layers. These stresses are the result, on one hand, an increase in the polarization and the other to a reduction in the disorder of the Ti on the B site of the perovskite. Over Λ~ 500 Å the strain are partially relaxed, hence the disappearance of ferroelectricity and polar phase of BZ observed for 32 Å ≤ Λ ≤ 256 Å. For [BT](1-x)Λ/[BZ]xΛ superlattices, the polar phase of BZ persists for 0. 3 ≤ x ≤ 0. 7 under the effect of strain
Poloni, Roberta. „Heavy alkali metal-intercalated fullerenes under high pressure and high temperature conditions“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/19/46/10/PDF/THESIS.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we explore the phase diagram of the heavy alkali metal intercalated fullerenes, Rb6C60 and Cs6C60, under high pressure (<50 GPa) and high temperature conditions (from ambient to 1500 K). The work includes a series of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements as well as ab initio DFT calculations under pressure. By coupling both experiments and calculations, we observed that the presence of strong ionic interactions between each molecule and the alkali metal ions, prevents fullerene polymerization under pressure. In the case of Cs6C60, this allows to extend the pressure stability of the C60 molecules more than twice with respect to pristine solid C60. In the case of Rb6C60 a phase transition, is observed at 35 GPa. A pressure induced enhanced deformation of the fullerene molecule in the studied systems has been evidenced. The compressibility of the both crystals has been measured and calculated
Ménoret, Carole. „Ordre et désordre polaire dans le titanate de strontium : effets du champ électrique et des substitutions chimique et isotopique“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLebeugle, Delphine. „Etude de la coexistence du magnétisme et de la ferroélectricité dans les composés multiferroïques BiFeO3 et Bi0. 45Dy0. 55FeO3“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome multiferroïc materials display simultaneous ferroelectric and magnetic order. In some of these compounds, both order parameters are coupled and applying a magnetic field can reorientate the electric polarization. This interaction is called "magnetoelectric coupling" and makes these compounds very interesting not only at a fundamental level but also for their potential application. We have synthesized single crystals of BiFeO3 and Bi0,45Dy0,55FeO3 by a flux grow method. We present a detailed study of their physical properties and show that the two compounds are ferroelectric at room-temperature. The high resistivity of the BiFeO3 single crystals allows us to measure a large spontaneous polarization of 100 μC/cm², as theoretically predicted. As the observation of a linear magnetoelectric effect is forbidden in this compound due to the presence of the cycloid, we have chosen to substitute Bi by Dy to also study the Bi0,45Dy0,55FeO3 compound. The first results on this compound are presented by comparison with magnetic and electric properties of BiFeO3. Finally, the magnetoelectric study at room temperature by neutron diffraction on a single crystal of BiFeO3 is presented. We show that the application of electric fields leads to a deep transformation of ferroelectric, ferroelastic and antiferromagnetic domains. In particular, we provide room-temperature evidence for the coupling between antiferromagnetic domains and electric polarization in the BiFeO3 multiferroic compound
Miro, Sandrine. „Etude de l'endommagement et de la diffusion de l'hélium dans des fluoroapatites“. Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRémy, Corinne. „Le polymorphisme du silicate bicalcique Ca₂SiO₄ : implications géophysique et industrielle“. Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacobsoone, Virginie. „Synthèse et caractérisation de phases oxyfluorées de type BIMEVOX et de verres oxyfluorés à base de Bi2O3“. Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-15.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompte tenu de la formule chimique des échantillons appartenant à ce domaine, un excès de Zn est nécessairement présent, mais aucune trace d’oxyde de zinc n’a pu être détectée sur les clichés de idffraction des rayons X sur poudre. La spectroscopie de diffusion Raman a permis de mettre en évidence une continuité entre les phases cristallisée et vitreuse. En accord avec l’évolution progressive et continue des spectres lorsque l’on passe de la phase cristallisée à la phase vitreuse, l’hypothèse la plus problable conduit à la délocalisation des ions Zn2+ à la périphérie du feuillet pérovskite. Cette hypothèse est en accord avec la forte augmentation du paramètre c. Par recuit, la phase G se transforme progressivement en phase de type C. Les échantillons de la phase G partiellement recristallisée présentent en mesures électriques une augmentation importante des valeurs de Sigma sont 50 fois supérieures à celles des échantillons vitreux correspondants (Sigma=4. 10-4 S. Cm-1 à 260 °C pour Bi0,65Zn1,215V0,135O1,313F2,43). Une étude des systèmes Bi3O3-PbO-PbF2 et Bi2O3-PbO-CdF2 a également été réalisée. Les synthèses ont été effectuées en creusets de quartz et ont permis d’isoler un large domaine vitreux s’étendant vers le binaire Bi2O3-PbO. Les analyses par fluorescence X ont montré que tous les échantillons incorporent une grande quantité de silice durant la synthèse. Les mesures de conductivité réalisées par spectroscopie d’impédance ont révélé une augmentation de Sigma avec le nombre d’ions F-
Chaudemanche, S. „Caractérisation in situ de l'endommagement volumique par spectroscopie Raman et rayon X de différents polypropylènes déformés en traction uniaxiale“. Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005656.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Amrani Mohamed. „Synthèse et caractérisation spectroscopique d oxydes multiferroïques.Y1-xInxMn1-yFeyO3 et RCrO3 (R = terre rare)“. Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn multiferroics, at least two different ferroic orders coexist (ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastici and ferrotoroidici) or anti-ferroic. These different properties can be coupled or not. Among these materials, the most studied are those with magnetic and ferroelectric orders. The presence of magnetoelectric coupling between these two orders, allows one to control the polarization by the application of a magnetic field and vice versa. However very few of these materials have transition temperatures above room temperature. These multiferoics materials can be separated into two categories : the first one includes the materials where the transitions of both orders are independent ; the second comprises the materials the ferroelectric transition of which is related to magnetic ordering. In this thesis we have studied two types of multiferroic oxides, one belongs to the first category (YMnO3) and the other to the second (RCrO3 )
Bourry, Christophe. „Caractérisation physique et géochimique d'hydrates de gaz d'environnements géologiques différents : apport des techniques de Diffraction X Synchrotron et de Spectroscopie Raman : contribution à l'étude de leur origine, formation et stabilité sur les marges“. Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe knowledge of the occurrence of gas hydrates in the natural environment, their physical, chemical or thermodynamical properties is essential to prevent geohazards, to anticipate their role in climate change or to develop technologies to take advantage of this energy resource. To mis purpose, this work reports a physical and chemical characterization of four natural gas hydrates from African and Norwegian margins, and from the Sea of Marmara, for documenting their origin, formation and stability. Samples from African and Norwegian margins crystallize in type I structure. This observation is in agreement with their biogenic origin. On the other hand, hydrate samples from the sea of Marmara, characterized by a thermogenic origin, exhibit a type II structure. Raman spectroscopy was also used to investigate the dissociation processes of natural gas hydrates. These results indicate that there is no preferential dissociation of large small cages. Thermodynamical modeling let us evaluate the highly variable gas hydrate stability fields in sediments from the Hakon Most Mud Volcano, whereas it let us assert that only thermogenic gas hydrates can crystallize in the sea of Marmara. In a last chapter, geochemical data obtained from porewaters, gases, and gas hydrates collected during the Vicking cruise (2006) - HERMES Program - permitted to characterize the processes controlling the fluid circulation in the Hakon Mosby Mud Volcano where gas hydrates are present in great quantity
Demoisson, Frédéric. „Réactivité aux échelles micronique et submicronique de particules colloïdales : oxydation d'un sulfure de fer (pyrite) par du chrome (VI) et sorption sur un hydroxyde d'aluminium (gibbsite) d'espèces organiques“. Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0004_DEMOISSON.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo systems characterised by oxydoreduction and sorption of surface reactions are studied: the pyrite oxidation (FeS2) by chromium (VI) and the sorption of dinitro-2,4 benzoic species on gibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3). The aim of the first system is to study the pyrite oxidation processes of the pyrite by using chromium (VI) like a metal probe. The solution analysis by UV-visible spectroscopy and the solid phase characterisation by confocal Raman spectrometry, XPS, EXAFS and XANES allow to suggest a mechanism model of oxidation/dissolution. The objective of the second study is to display a specific chemical reactivity between two crystalline face types of the gibbsite by using an organic probe with the help of sub-wavelength spectroscopy (SNOM). Correlations between crystalline faces and near field spectra show difference reactivity between mono and bi coordinated OH groups from the mineral phase. A model of sorption is presented
Choubrac, Léo. „Cristallochimie de composés dérivés de Cu2ZnSnS4 pour des applications photovoltaïques“. Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=67905501-3436-41fa-8cc8-7fbe0e136902.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe photovoltaic performances of Cu2ZnSnS4 derivatives (CZTS)-based thin film solar cells are strongly dependant of the crystallochemistry properties of this material. Particularly, the copper-poor zinc-rich compounds are widely known to be the most efficient, and the structural disorder as a brake on growth of the efficiencies. A large set of CZTS compounds have been synthesized by solid state route. The study of these compounds permits us to determine a phase diagram which reveals two distinct type of substitution. Then we lead a structural investigation, at the scale of the cell with XRD methods (on powders and single crystals, and on classical as well as on resonant conditions), and at the atomic scale with solid state NMR of 65Cu, 67Zn and 119Sn. The combination of these techniques allows describing these substitution mechanisms and finally a relationship between composition, synthesis conditions and structural disorder. Then, Raman spectroscopy – as a common and thin-film suitable method – has been use as a characterization tool. Finally, a large part of these results have been extended to the homologue selenide compounds (Cu2ZnSnSe4 derivatives)
Marx, Nicolas. „Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux phosphates utilisés comme matériaux d’électrode positive pour batteries au lithium“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14194/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and characterization of new positive electrode materials for lithium batteries. Our researches were mainly focused on phosphates of transition metals, and especially on the tavorite-type materials of composition (H,Li)FePO4(OH). Their structure is characterized by a three-dimensional network with different types of tunnels, which can host inserted lithium ions. In this context, LiFePO4(OH) structure was perfectly solved, as well as that of FePO4.H2O, which is a new iron (III) phosphate discovered during this work. These two materials, together with those obtained by heat-treatment of FePO4.H2O, were characterized using different analytical techniques. Their electrochemical behavior toward intercalation / deintercalation of lithium was also studied, as well as the structural and redox processes involved
Souleiman, Manhal. „Études des solutions solides de type M(1-x)M'xXO4 homéotypes du quartz-alpha et cristallogenèse d’un matériau bi-fonctionnel GaAsO4 à propriétés piézoélectriques et optiques non linéaires“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20182/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGa1-xFexPO4 single crystals were grown by hydrothermal methods. In-situ absorption X-ray spectroscopy was used to show the essential role of solvated Ga3+ ions during the nucleation and the crystallization of the alpha-quartz type structure. Solid solutions have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy coupled with theoretical DFT calculations. The dependence of vibrational mode frequencies on the chemical composition was studied thereby allowing a linear dependence of PO4 modes frequencies with the iron content (xFe) to be identified. In the second part, crystal growth of large single crystals (several cm3) of GaAsO4 was performed. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient of 20% was measured, which is 2.5 times that of alpha-quartz. Non-linear optical properties were also measured: the electro-optical coupling coefficient d11 is 2.98pm/V (3.29pm/V with DFT calculations). Due to the high thermal stability, GaAsO4 is a very promising bifunctional material for high technology applications
Bouita, Mouad. „Étude des propriétés et des lois de comportement mécaniques à différentes échelles de polyesters par WAXS et spectroscopie Raman in situ“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main objectives of the thesis was to establish close correlations between the actual mechanical behavior of samples at the local macroscopic scale and the stress and strain fields developed at the microstructure scale in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF). Through the comprehensive WAXS and Raman data obtained in situ during a uniaxial tensile test, the micromechanisms of deformation were identified and measured in real-time with local strain and stress, and the contribution of each phase of the polymer (amorphous, crystalline) was decoupled considering the role of tie molecules and finally correlated with the macroscopic behavior. Then, two protocols identified and found in the literature will be applied. The first is known by the sin2ψ method. It is based on 2D WAXS patterns to construct the strain and stress tensor in the crystalline phase. The second is based on Grüneisen's theory and uses Raman spectra. Starting from the measurements of the shift in position of particular scattering bands, it provides access to the strain tensor in both the amorphous and crystalline phases of the polymer. Furthermore, the study of the thermal behavior of both polymers was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while simultaneously performing Raman acquisitions. The analysis of certain spectral zones made it possible to precisely determine the crystallinity ratio. These results were then compared to those obtained by DSC and WAXS. In addition, these analyses made it possible to monitor the conformational changes of the polymers during thermal cycles, particularly those associated with microstructural transitions, such as the glass transition, crystallization, and melting. The Raman crystallinity criteria obtained were subsequently applied during tensile tests. By correlating their evolution with the macromolecular orientation, it was possible to detect and quantify the mesophases. These latter constitute an essential intermediate state between the amorphous and crystalline states of polymers during the process of strain-induced crystallization, and their presence directly influences the mechanical behavior of the polymer
Lambert, Jean-François. „Cristallogenèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques et optiques des matériaux semiconducteurs AIn₂Te₄ (A=Cd, Zn et Mn) : leurs potentialités comme modulateur dans la bande spectrale 1,06-10,6 micromètres“. Bordeaux 1, 1993. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136625.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoloni, Roberta. „Fullerènes intercalées avec des métaux alcalins lourds sous haute pression et haute température : Rb6C60 et Cs6C60“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194610.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCe travail inclue des expériences d'absorption de rayons X, de diffraction de rayons X, de spectroscopie Raman, ainsi que des calculs DFT ab initio à haute pression.
Le couplage entre expériences et calculs permet d'observer que la présence de la forte interaction ionique entre chaque molécule et les ions alcalins, empêche la polymérisation des fullerènes sous pression. Dans le cas de Cs6C60, ceci a permis d'étendre le domaine de stabilité en pression des molécules de C60 d'au moins un facteur deux par rapport aux cristaux de C60 non-intercalés. Dans le cas de Rb6C60 une transition réversible est observée à 35 GPa.
Nous avons mis en évidence la déformation progressive de la molécule de fullerène sous pression dans les systèmes étudiés. La compressibilité des deux cristaux a été mesurée et calculée.
Dravecz, Gabriella. „Study of the phase equilibria in the ternary systems X2O-Li2O-Nb2O5(X=Na, Rb, Cs), single crystal growth and characterization of LiNbO3“. Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ011S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe versatility of the application of LiNbO3 is well-known in the practical fields of acousto-electronics and non-linear optics and electro-optics. The optical damage threshold of stoichiometric LiNbO3 is higher so it is more suitable for electo-optical and non-linear optical applications than the congruent crystal which can be grown easier. The growth difficulties justify the development of alternative preparation methods or the improvement of the existing methods. This emphasizes the importance of the growth of stoichiometric LiNbO3 by the HTTSSG method not only from the K2O - Li2O - Nb2O5 ternary system but from the X2O - Li2O - Nb2O5 (X = Rb, Cs) systems as well. Using the presented phase diagrams the composition of the solution in equilibrium with a custom-tailored crystal composition can be determined. Most of the physical parameters of LiNbO3 are composition dependent. Even a small change of the composition (± 0.01 mol%) causes large differences in the properties so the determination of the Li2O content of the crystal with the highest possible accuracy is very important. The accuracy of the composition determination – described in detail in my thesis – based on the intensity ratio of the two characteristic bands in the OH- vibrational spectra of the near stoichiometric LiNbO3 satisfies the requirements imposed by the applications
Seung, Do-Young. „Approche structurale et étude de la conduction ionique de verres à base de thioarsenite de lithium et de verres à formateur mixte, thioborate et thioarsenite de lithium“. Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10544.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenaudin, Guillaume. „I/ Etude d'un hydroxyde simple d'aluminium : La bayerite II/ Etude d'une famille d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires d'aluminium et de calcium : les phases AFM (Aluminates Tétracalciques Hydrates)“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0302_RENAUDIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharton, Patrice. „Matériaux vitreux des systèmes TeO2-Ga2O3-WO3 et TeO2-Sb2O4-WO3 pour l'optique non-linéaire : synthèses, caractérisations structurales et mesures physiques“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesplanche, Sarah. „De l'étude fondamentale d’hydrates d’acide fort par spectroscopie de vibration et de relaxation à l'application de leur super-conductivité protonique pour le développement d'une micropile à combustible“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0171/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFuel cells (FC) using hydrogen possess very good energy performance and produce no greenhouse gases. It presents itself today as a clean and efficient solution. This alternative could then become a possible substitute for fossil fuels and palliate for the intermittency ofcertain renewable energies.There are various types of FC, mainly distinguished by the nature of the electrolyte that composes their proton exchange membrane. Using strong acid clathrate hydrates as solid electrolyte represents an alternative for which very little is known nowadays. These systems are nanoporous crystalline solids consisting of a water host network forming nanometric cavities encapsulating guest molecules. In the case of strong acid clathrate hydrates, the confinement of acidic species within the aqueous cages generates proton excess that isdelocalized along their aqueous network. At room temperature, these clathrate hydrates have then excellent proton conductivity, which is higher than that of the FCs membranes currently used. The objective of this PhD was to develop an electrolyte based on hexafluorophosphoricacid clathrate hydrate (one of the best-known conductors of this class of system) on the basisof a fundamental physico-chemical approach, and to develop a miniaturized FC assemblyincorporating this new electrolyte.At a fundamental level, it was necessary to understand the driving factors responsible for the super-protonic conductivity of these systems and in particular, the relationship between the conductivity and the hydration number (i.e. water to acid molar ratio in the clathrate). The microscopic mechanisms have been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging, supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. A set of results concerning the structure (clathrate type, phase transition and thermodynamic stability), the dynamics (vibrational modes, proton diffusion and kinetics) and the chemistry (inclusion of fluorinated impurities) has thus been obtained. As a selective and microscopic probe, the Raman scattering technique provided unique information. It allowed to probe the acid-cages interactions, to propose an experimental protocol monitoring the hydration number and also,to reveal, for the first time, a microstructuration of the clathrate hydrate only observed abovea hydration threshold. These physico-chemical properties have been correlated with the conductivity measurements, making it possible to understand the impact of the hydration number and of the chemical impurities onto the electrochemical performances of the solid electrolyte. All these results led to an original technological development. A new micro-fuel cell using hexafluorophosphoric acid hydrates as the electrolyte has been designed. This development offers a FC with performances comparable to the FCs currently available and operating from room temperature to negative temperatures
Bouyanfif, Houssny. „Hétérostructures et super-réseaux à base du relaxeur PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 et du ferroélectrique PbTiO3@ : croissance et étude des effets de contraintes par diffraction de rayons X et spectroscopie Raman“. Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0502.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaniel, Dominique. „Étude de solides moléculaires fortement azotés sous conditions extrêmes“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31557.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDegrand, Hélène Payen Edmond. „Nouveaux catalyseurs d'oxydation sélective de l'isobutène et de l'isobutane préparés à partir d'hétéropolyanions de type Anderson“. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/976.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3617. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Putoud, Philippe. „Oxydation d'alliages de type Zircaloy-4 à différentes teneurs en étain à 400°C dans la vapeur d'eau : analyse des phases en présence et de leur évolution“. Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD837.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTa, Minh-Tri. „Croissance et caractérisations de couches minces d'oxydes à constante diélectrique élevée sur silicium : Etude de la sensibilité de condensateurs MOS aux rayonnements ionisants“. Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to the growth on oxide thin film silicon substrate of elements of the family of rare earths, the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and cerium (CeO2) oxidizes it. The technique of deposit used is r. F. Magnetron sputtering (13. 56 MHz). The yttrium oxide is deposited starting from a metal yttrium target, pulverization being carried out starting from a gas mixture Argon/Oxygen. The thin layers of cerium oxide are obtained by pulverization of a target of CeO2 by Argon. The temperature of growth lies between 200 °C and 800 °C. The possible annealing of oxide films is carried out either by a conventional thermal annealing, or by a fast technique of annealing. In the beginning, we present, according to the growth’s parameters, the structural properties extracted from measurements of x-rays diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Then, we present the results of the electrical measurements (capacity-tension mode) taken on the MOS capacitors containing the Y2O3 or CeO2 layers. Their analysis makes it possible to qualify and to quantify the active defects electrical that are the charge in oxide and the states in the interface oxidizes/silicon, of which the density depends on the growth and annealing conditions. Finally, a sensitivity study of these devices with the gamma rays and with the neutrons is presented. A correlation is made between the crystalline quality of the thin film, the charge density as well in oxide as with the interface/silicon oxidizes, and the sensitivity of the devices. These results show in particular that for the capacitor containing Y2O3 layer, with the important densities of defects confer a very high sensitivity to the gamma rays
Sihachakr, Davina. „Etude de N2/O2 sous pression“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to identify the relevant parameters for the high-pressure synthesis of new materials from mixtures of molecular gases. We have chosen a model system: N2/O2 mixtures. In the first part of this document, we determined the binary phase diagram of N2/O2 under pressure at 300 K. In the fluid, a total miscibility is observed, and a large miscibility exists in the solid phases. The solid phase presents numerous allotropic forms. From the x-ray diffraction data, we show that the structures of those different solid solutions are related to those of pure components. A dissymmetry of the binary phase diagram however indicates that the N2-O2 interactions are very similar to the N2-N2 ones but are very different from the O2-O2 ones. In the second part of this document, we observed the synthesis of the ionic compound NO+NO3- from N2/O2 solid phases under Nd: YAG laser irradiation. A new type of layered structure is refined from the x-ray data. Moreover, we show that this opened structurecan trap O2 molecules what constitutes a new class of “clathrate”. Finally, this compound can be recovered at ambient pressure as an amorphous. In the last part of this document, we show from a luminescence study that the coupling of the Nd: YAG laser with O2 molecules in condensed phase is a resonant phenomenon with the electronic transition from the triplet state to the singlet state. This excited state is very reactive and the high-pressure synthesis of other materials should be possible from mixtures containing O2 molecules
Coussa-Simon, Camille. „Etude du verre d'oxydes LBG : des propriétés optiques non linéaires au comportement sous haute pression“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364507.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle