Thematische Bibliographien / Spectroscopic measurement mappings

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Spectroscopic measurement mappings“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. März 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Spectroscopic measurement mappings"

Wübbeler, Gerd, Manuel Marschall, Eckart Rühl, Bernd Kästner und Clemens Elster. „Compressive nano-FTIR chemical mapping“. Measurement Science and Technology 33, Nr. 3 (24.12.2021): 035402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac407a.

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Abstract Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) combines infrared spectroscopy with scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques and enables spectroscopic imaging of molecular and electronic properties of matter at nanometer spatial resolution. The spectroscopic imaging can be used to derive chemical mappings, i.e. the spatial distribution of concentrations of the species contained in a given sample. However, due to the sequential scanning principle underlying SPM, recording the complete spectrum over a large spatial area leads to long measurement times. Furthermore, the acquired spectrum often contains additional signals from species and lineshape effects that are not explicitly accounted for. A compressive chemical mapping approach is proposed for undersampled nano-FTIR data that utilizes sparsity of these additional signals in the spectral domain. The approach combines a projection technique with standard compressed sensing, followed by a spatially regularized regression. Using real nano-FTIR measurements superimposed by simulated interferograms representing the chemical mapping of the contained species, it is demonstrated that the proposed procedure performs well even in cases in which the simulated interferograms and the sparse additional signals exhibit a strong spectral overlap.

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He, Pei, Shivashanker Bitla, Doug Bousfield und Carl P. Tripp. „Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Paper Coatings“. Applied Spectroscopy 56, Nr. 9 (September 2002): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760295322.

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An overview of the use of Raman spectroscopy for compositional mapping of paper coatings is presented. Raman spectroscopy is able to give the spatial distribution of pigments and binders in coated papers containing kaolin, anatase, and styrene butadiene (SB). Moreover, there are subtle differences in the Raman spectra of two forms of calcite, ground (GCC) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and these differences can be used to monitor the spatial distribution of coatings containing mixtures of PCC and GCC. Surface compositional mapping is relatively straightforward and is demonstrated with measurements of SB/CaCO3 ratios in mottled regions in printed coatings and the measurement of the same pigment/binder ratio in both thin and thick coated regions. For depth profiling, microtome methods are preferred, whereas the data obtained using confocal-based methods do not work.

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Denney, Kelly D., B. M. Peterson, R. W. Pogge, M. C. Bentz, C. M. Gaskell, T. Minezaki, C. A. Onken, S. G. Sergeev und M. Vestergaard. „Reverberation Mapping Results from MDM Observatory“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S267 (August 2009): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310006216.

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Reverberation mapping takes advantage of the presence of a time delay or lag, τ, between continuum and emission line flux variations observed through spectroscopic monitoring campaigns to infer the radius of the broad-line region (BLR) and, subsequently, the central black hole mass in type 1 AGNs. We present results from a multi-month reverberation mapping campaign undertaken primarily at MDM Observatory with supporting observations from around the world. We measure BLR radii and black hole masses for six objects. The primary goal of this campaign was to obtain either new or improved Hβ reverberation lag measurements for several relatively low-luminosity AGNs. Using cross correlation techniques to measure the time delay between the mean optical continuum flux density around 5100 Å and the integrated Hβ flux, we determine the Hβ lags and black hole mass measurements listed in columns 2 and 3 of Table 1, respectively. Column 4 tells if this measurement is new, an improvement meant to replace a previous, less reliable measurement, or simply an additional measurement not used to replace a previous value. The complete results from this study are currently being prepared for publication. A subsequent velocity-resolved analysis of the Hβ response shows that three of the six primary targets demonstrate kinematic signatures (column 5) of infall, outflow, and non-radial virialized motions (see Denney et al. 2009).

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Miller, N. C. „Comprehensive multilayer film analysis with XPS, AES, and EDS“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, Nr. 2 (August 1992): 1784–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133552.

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Wavelength and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS and EDS) are routinely utilized to measure qualitatively and quantitatively the composition of microscopic features/phases of thickness 0.5 (μm or greater in solids. Surface spectroscopies, especially x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), are employed to determine surface chemistry and surface composition respectively of microscopic features 0.2-5 nm thick. The combined utilization of AES and EDS (or WDS) permits microanalysis of surface and subsurface features/phases. Two areas of improved analysis through combined utilization of AES and EDS are imaging/elemental mapping and measurement of vertical diffusion profiles. Strengths of XPS in complementing EDS/WDS will also be discussed.High resolution surface elemental or chemical mapping can be carried out with scanning Auger or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microanalysis, respectively. In fact, both offer improved spacial resolution over WDS and EDS elemental x-ray dot mapping. Using sample rotation while removing material by ion beam sputter etching, three dimensional mapping can be carried out by either surface analysis technique, permitting microanalysis of buried features even in complex heterostructures.

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Schrader, B., G. Baranović, A. Epding, G. G. Hoffmann, P. J. M. Van Kan, S. Keller, P. Hildebrandt, C. Lehner und J. Sawatzki. „Time-Resolved and Two-Dimensional NIR FT-Raman Spectroscopy“. Applied Spectroscopy 47, Nr. 9 (September 1993): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067360.

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The near-infrared Fourier transform (NIR FT) Raman technique permits the measurement of Raman spectra without interference by fluorescence. Absorption by molecules containing X-H bonds in the NIR range requires a 180° scattering geometry. In this way, Raman spectroscopy of samples on surfaces is possible, both the detecting of small spots and the mapping of the sample distribution over larger areas. The spatial resolution extends into the micrometer range. Mapping of the inorganic pigment distribution of an initial letter of a mediaeval manuscript is demonstrated. For time-resolved measurements, the step-scan technique, previously developed for infrared spectroscopy, may be used in NIR FT-Raman spectroscopy as well. It allows the study of photochemical and photophysical processes, the application of modulation techniques, and the investigation of “noisy” samples. Photo-isomerization of the dye merocyanine 540 has been observed with the step-scan technique upon periodic excitation with a flash lamp.

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Kenaz, Ralfy, und Ronen Rapaport. „Mapping spectroscopic micro-ellipsometry with sub-5 microns lateral resolution and simultaneous broadband acquisition at multiple angles“. Review of Scientific Instruments 94, Nr. 2 (01.02.2023): 023908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123249.

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Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a widely used optical technique in both industry and research for determining the optical properties and thickness of thin films. The effective use of spectroscopic ellipsometry on micro-structures is inhibited by technical limitations on the lateral resolution and data acquisition rate. Here, we introduce a spectroscopic micro-ellipsometer (SME), capable of recording spectrally resolved ellipsometric data simultaneously at multiple angles of incidence in a single measurement of a few seconds, with a lateral resolution down to 2 μm in the visible spectral range. The SME can be easily integrated into generic optical microscopes by the addition of a few standard optical components. We demonstrate complex refractive index and thickness measurements by using the SME, which are in excellent agreement with a commercial spectroscopic ellipsometer. The high lateral resolution is displayed by complex refractive index and thickness maps over micron-scale areas. As an application for its accuracy and high lateral resolution, the SME can characterize the optical properties and number of layers of exfoliated transition-metal dichalcogenides and graphene, for structures that are a few microns in size.

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Dobler, Jeremy, T. Scott Zaccheo, Timothy Pernini, Nathan Blume und Michael Braun. „Greenlite™: a year of carbon dioxide monitoring over paris, france, and recent progress in monitoring methane“. EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605013.

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GreenLITE™ is a ground-based laser absorption spectroscopy system capable of measuring and mapping CO2 concentrations over areas up to 25 km2. The system was deployed for COP21 as a demonstration and has now completed a year of CO2 measurements over the city of Paris, France. We will discuss lessons learned and relevant data from the year-long deployment. Recently, the system has demonstrated the same measurement capability for CH4, and results from preliminary testing are presented.

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Jafariyazani, Marziye, Daniel Masters, Andreas L. Faisst, Harry I. Teplitz und Olivier Ilbert. „Predicting the Spectroscopic Features of Galaxies by Applying Manifold Learning on Their Broadband Colors: Proof of Concept and Potential Applications for Euclid, Roman, and Rubin LSST“. Astrophysical Journal 967, Nr. 1 (01.05.2024): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad38b8.

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Abstract Entering the era of large-scale galaxy surveys, which will deliver unprecedented amounts of photometric and spectroscopic data, there is a growing need for more efficient, data-driven, and less model-dependent techniques to analyze the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. In this work, we demonstrate that by taking advantage of manifold learning approaches, we can estimate spectroscopic features of large samples of galaxies from their broadband photometry when spectroscopy is available only for a fraction of the sample. This will be done by applying the self-organizing map algorithm on broadband colors of galaxies and mapping partially available spectroscopic information into the trained maps. In this pilot study, we focus on estimating the 4000 Å break in a magnitude-limited sample of galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. We also examine this method to predict the Hδ A index given our available spectroscopic measurements. We use observed galaxy colors (u,g,r,i,z,Y,J,H), as well as spectroscopic measurements for a fraction of the sample from the LEGA-C and zCOSMOS spectroscopic surveys to estimate this feature for our parent photometric sample. We recover the D4000 feature for galaxies that only have broadband colors with uncertainties about twice the uncertainty of the employed spectroscopic surveys. Using these measurements, we observe a positive correlation between D4000 and the stellar mass of the galaxies in our sample with weaker D4000 features for higher-redshift galaxies at fixed stellar masses. These can be explained by the downsizing scenario for the formation of galaxies and the decrease in their specific star formation rate as well as the aging of their stellar populations over this time period.

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Petronijevic, Emilija, Claudia Skubisz, Luca Seda, Tiziana Cesca, Carlo Scian, Giovanni Mattei, Roberto Li Voti, Concita Sibilia und Alessandro Belardini. „Photo-acoustic spectroscopy with widely tuneable laser enables circular dichroism mapping“. EPJ Web of Conferences 309 (2024): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430909007.

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Sensitive and reliable characterization of chirality in nanostructures and molecules is of great importance in multidisciplinary research combining physics, chemistry and nanotechnology, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Chirality is connected to circular dichroism (CD) - the absorption difference when the chiral medium is excited with circular polarizations of opposite handedness. Hence, measuring chirality by direct absorption measurements is of great interest in nanophotonics and plasmonics community, where the nanostructured media can enhance chiro-optical effects. Here we present a recently constructed photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) set-up, which offers many degrees of freedom in characterization. We use a laser which is widely tuneable in the near-infrared (680-1080 nm) and visible (340-540 nm) ranges. The laser output is modulated with a mechanical chopper, where its frequency defines the penetration depth of the thermal signal. The input polarization is controlled by a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate, and the laser can be focused before impinging on the sample in the tightly closed photo-acoustic cell. The cell is placed on translational and rotational stages, which allows for the spatial mapping and extrinsic chirality measurements. Finally, a sensitive microphone measures the pressure changes in the cell, enabling scattering-free measurement of absorption and CD.

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Zereay, Berhane Nugusse, Sándor Kálvin, György Juhász, Csaba Major, Péter Petrik, Zoltán György Horváth und Miklós Fried. „Optical Calibration of a Multi-Color Ellipsometric Mapping Tool Fabricated Using Cheap Parts“. Photonics 11, Nr. 11 (04.11.2024): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111036.

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We developed and applied a new calibration method to make more accurate measurements with our multi-color ellipsometric mapping tool made from cheap parts. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures the relative change in the polarization state of the measurement beam induced by reflection from or transmission through a sample. During conventional ellipsometric measurement, the data collection is relatively slow and measures one spot at a time, so mapping needs a long time compared with our new optical mapping equipment made by an ordinary color LED monitor and a polarization-sensitive camera. The angle of incidence and the incident polarization state is varied point by point, so a special optical calibration method is needed. Three SiO2 samples with different thicknesses were used for the point-by-point determination of the angle of incidence and rho (ρ) corrections. After the calibration, another SiO2 sample was measured and analyzed using the calibrated corrections; further, this sample was independently measured using a conventional spectroscopic ellipsometer. The difference between the two measured thickness maps is less than 1 nm. Our optical mapping tool made from cheap parts is faster and covers wider area samples relative to conventional ellipsometers, and these correction enhancements further demonstrate its performance.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Spectroscopic measurement mappings"

Brandejsky, Vaclav. „MR scanner independent 3D B1 field mapping of magnetic resonance spectroscopy RF coils using an automated measurement system“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15025.

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We developed a method for measurement of the B1+/- fields as an alternative approach to B1+/- fields assessment in MR scanner. Our setup incorporates an industrial coordinate table controlled by a PC-based program, search coils, a two--port vector network analyzer and an analog-to-digital (A/D) card. It is possible to measure in various liquid media (for example in saline solution) to mimic different shapes and dielectric properties of the human body.
Radiofrekventa - spolars känslighetsmönster är viktigt för avbildning med magnetkamera (MRI) och magnetresonansspektroskopi (MRS). Vetskap om RF-spolars känslighet för och förmåga att skapa RF-magnetfält (B1 kan användas för att åstadkomma korrekta excitationsflipvinklar och för att korrigera uppmätta signalstyrkor. Det är också viktigt för att göra MRI och MRS undersökningar snabbare och för att förbättra kvalitén på rekonstruerade bilder. Vi har utvecklat en metod för mätning av B1+ och B1- fält i en testbänk som alternativ till metoder där B1 fältet bestäms inne i magnetkameran. Uppställningen omfattar ett industriellt koordinatbord kontrollerat av PC-baserade program, sökspolar för detektion av B1 fält, en tvåports nätverksanalysator och ett analog till digital omvandlingskort. Mätningen är möjlig att utföra i olika vätskor, exempelvis saltlösning, för att efterlikna olika former och dielektriska egenskaper hos människokroppen.

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Brandejsky, Vaclav. „MR scanner independent 3D B₁ field mapping of magnetic resonance spectroscopy RF coils using an automated measurement system“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15025.

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We developed a method for measurement of the B₁^+/- fields as an alternative approach to B₁^+/- fields assessment in MR scanner. Our setup incorporates an industrial coordinate table controlled by a PC-based program, search coils, a two--port vector network analyzer and an analog-to-digital (A/D) card. It is possible to measure in various liquid media (for example in saline solution) to mimic different shapes and dielectric properties of the human body.

Radiofrekventa - spolars känslighetsmönster är viktigt för avbildning med magnetkamera (MRI) och magnetresonansspektroskopi (MRS). Vetskap om RF-spolars känslighet för och förmåga att skapa RF-magnetfält (B₁ kan användas för att åstadkomma korrekta excitationsflipvinklar och för att korrigera uppmätta signalstyrkor. Det är också viktigt för att göra MRI och MRS undersökningar snabbare och för att förbättra kvalitén på rekonstruerade bilder. Vi har utvecklat en metod för mätning av B₁⁺ och B₁^- fält i en testbänk som alternativ till metoder där B₁ fältet bestäms inne i magnetkameran. Uppställningen omfattar ett industriellt koordinatbord kontrollerat av PC-baserade program, sökspolar för detektion av B₁ fält, en tvåports nätverksanalysator och ett analog till digital omvandlingskort. Mätningen är möjlig att utföra i olika vätskor, exempelvis saltlösning, för att efterlikna olika former och dielektriska egenskaper hos människokroppen.

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Valloire, Hugo. „Développements de modes avancés de microscopie à force piézoélectrique pour films minces piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY063.

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De nombreuses applications actuelles dans le secteur de la microélectronique reposent sur l’utilisation de matériaux piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques sous forme de films minces. Par exemple, des dispositifs MEMS incluant les capteurs, actionneurs et convertisseurs d'énergie tirent profit des propriétés piézoélectriques des matériaux. Par ailleurs, l'émergence de nombreux sujets de recherche a fait suite à la découverte du potentiel de certains de ces matériaux pour les dispositifs microélectroniques. C’est par exemple le cas de l'utilisation du HfO2 pour ses propriétés ferroélectriques dans les mémoires non volatiles FeRAM et FeFET. Dans ce contexte, diverses techniques de dépôt de films minces de matériaux piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques sont actuellement en cours d'optimisation. Les méthodes de caractérisation spécifiques à ces matériaux sont essentielles pour évaluer la qualité de leur élaboration et pour approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes physiques sous-jacents, ce qui est crucial pour leur intégration dans des dispositifs microélectroniques avancés.C’est dans ce cadre que s’inscrit cette thèse, dont l’objectif est de développer des techniques de caractérisation des propriétés piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques de dispositifs élaborés sous forme de films minces, à l’échelle nanométrique. La microscopie à force piézoélectrique permet de telles analyses, mais est sensible à de nombreux artefacts, tels que les effets électrostatiques, qui peuvent significativement influencer les résultats. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer, mettre en œuvre et coupler de nouvelles techniques avancées basées sur la microscopie à force piézoélectrique pour minimiser les artefacts de mesure en dissociant leur contribution de celle des effets piézoélectriques et ferroélectriques, et pour caractériser un éventail plus large de propriétés des matériaux. C’est par exemple le cas du mode couplé de microscopie à force piézoélectrique en spectroscopie de commutation avec suivi de résonance à double fréquence, développé pour la première fois durant cette thèse, permettant de maximiser le rapport signal sur bruit tout en réduisant et mesurant l'influence de divers artefacts. De plus, il permet de mesurer la variation des propriétés du matériau sous l'influence d'un champ électrique, reflétant ainsi des conditions d'utilisation plus réalistes. Ce mode a été étendu pour des mesures de cartographie permettant également de déterminer la variation des propriétés mesurées sur la surface du matériau à l’échelle nanométrique. Le développement d'un ensemble de programmes informatiques a joué un rôle clé dans l'élaboration de ces nouveaux modes, depuis le pilotage des équipements jusqu'à l'analyse avancée des mesures
Many current applications in the microelectronics sector rely on the use of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials in the form of thin films. For instance, MEMS devices, including sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters, take advantage of the piezoelectric properties of materials. Moreover, the discovery of the potential of certain materials for microelectronic devices has spurred significant research, as exemplified by the use of HfO2 for its ferroelectric properties in non-volatile memories like FeRAM and FeFET. In this context, various deposition techniques for piezoelectric and ferroelectric thin films are currently under optimization. Specific characterization methods for these materials are essential to evaluate the quality of their fabrication and to enhance the understanding of the underlying physical phenomena, which is critical for their integration into advanced microelectronic devices.This thesis aims to develop characterization techniques for the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of devices fabricated as thin films at the nanoscale. Piezoelectric force microscopy enables such analyses but is susceptible to numerous artifacts, such as electrostatic effects, which can significantly impact the results. The objective of this thesis is to develop, implement, and combine new advanced techniques based on PFM to minimize measurement artifacts by separating their contributions from those of piezoelectric and ferroelectric effects, and to characterize a wider range of material properties. For instance, the coupled PFM mode in switching spectroscopy with dual-frequency resonance tracking, developed for the first time in this thesis, maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio while reducing and measuring the influence of various artifacts. Furthermore, this mode allows the measurement of material property variations under the influence of an electric field, thus reflecting more realistic operating conditions. This mode has been extended for mapping measurements, allowing the determination of variations in the measured properties across the material surface at the nanoscale. The development of a suite of software programs played a key role in the creation of these new modes, from equipment control to advanced data analysis

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Grier, C. J., J. R. Trump, Yue Shen, Keith Horne, Karen Kinemuchi, Ian D. McGreer, D. A. Starkey et al. „The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Hα and Hβ Reverberation Measurements from First-year Spectroscopy and Photometry“. IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627102.

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We present reverberation mapping results from the first year of combined spectroscopic and photometric observations of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project. We successfully recover reverberation time delays between the g+i band emission and the broad H beta emission line for a total of 44 quasars, and for the broad Ha emission line in 18 quasars. Time delays are computed using the JAVELIN and CREAM software and the traditional interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF): using well-defined criteria, we report measurements of 32 H beta and 13 Ha lags with JAVELIN, 42 H beta and 17 Ha lags with CREAM, and 16 H beta and eight Ha lags with the ICCF. Lag values are generally consistent among the three methods, though we typically measure smaller uncertainties with JAVELIN and CREAM than with the ICCF, given the more physically motivated light curve interpolation and more robust statistical modeling of the former two methods. The median redshift of our H beta-detected sample of quasars is 0.53, significantly higher than that of the previous reverberation mapping sample. We find that in most objects, the time delay of the Ha emission is consistent with or slightly longer than that of H beta. We measure black hole masses using our measured time delays and line widths for these quasars. These black hole mass measurements are mostly consistent with expectations based on the local M-BH-sigma* relationship, and are also consistent with single-epoch black hole mass measurements. This work increases the current sample size of reverberation-mapped active galaxies by about two-thirds and represents the first large sample of reverberation mapping observations beyond the local universe (z < 0.3).

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Mlwilo, Nolasco Anton. „Radiometric characterisation of vineyard soils, Western Cape, South Africa“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6358_1318594333.

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This study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of using the radiometric technique as an alternative to traditional methods for determining soil physico-chemical parameters which are important for terroir characterization. In-situ and ex-situ radiometric analyses of soil from three vineyard blocks of Simonsig Wine Estate in the Stellenbosch district (Western Cape, South Africa) were studied. A mobile MEDUSA gamma-ray detection system comprising a CsI(Na) crystal (length 15 cm, diameter 7 cm) and associated electronics mounted on a portable trolley were used for partial terroir characterisation. Thereafter activity concentrations of 40K, 232Th series and 238U series in soil (top ~30 cm) from the measured MEDUSA spectra (0 â 3 MeV) were extracted by means of the full-spectrum analysis (FSA) method. A lead-shielded HPGe detector was used for analyzing collected soil samples while soil physico-chemical parameters were analysed using standard methods at research and commercial laboratories.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Spectroscopic measurement mappings"

Roberts, Clive J., Stephanie Allen, Martyn C. Davies, Saul J. B. Tendler und Philip M. Williams. „Quantification and mapping of protein-ligand interactions at the single molecule level by atomic force microscopy“. In Protein-Ligand Interactions: structure and spectroscopy, 407–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637508.003.0011.

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Abstract This chapter illustrates the recent application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the measurement of the forces that bind protein-ligand complexes. The experiments highlighted will demonstrate the potential of AFM to quantify the adhesion force between individual molecular pairs and how this can lead to a deeper understanding of protein structure and function. The possibility of spatial mapping active surface bound proteins though their ability to bind ligands will also be illustrated. An understanding of the recognition mechanisms is not only of importance in understanding protein structure, folding, and function but has practical implications for the development of novel devices in areas such as sensors, screening, and drug discovery.

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Crowley, James K., John C. Mars und Jane M. Hammarstrom. „Airborne Imaging Spectrometer and Field Spectroscopic Studies of Mine Wastes at the Elizabeth Mine, Vermont“. In Part I. Proterozoic Iron and Zinc Deposits of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the New Jersey Highlands Part II. Environmental Geochemistry and Mining History of Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Vermont Copper Belt, 249–53. Society of Economic Geologists, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/gb.35.17.

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Abstract Visible to short-wave infrared (0.4–2.5 mm) spectral reflectance data were effective for mapping mineral assemblages on the surfaces of mine waste piles at the Elizabeth mine, Vermont. Three major assemblages displayed characteristic spectral features associated with jarosite, iron oxides, and muscovite, respectively, and were readily distinguishable in both ground-based and remote sensing spectral measurements. Jarosite distributions on the Elizabeth mine tailings are largely controlled by hydrologic and topographic factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying sulfide mineral distributions. Flat-lying areas on the tailings piles are surfaced by an oxidized layer of mainly goethitic wastes. Iron oxides also occurred in distinct zones fringing areas of jarositic waste. Relatively wet conditions at the time of our study precluded any extensive development of efflorescent iron sulfate minerals on the mine waste piles.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Spectroscopic measurement mappings"

Kim, Daesuk, Vamara Dembele, Sukhyun Choi, Gukhyeon Hwang, Saeid Kheiryzadehkhanghah, Inho Choi und Junbo Shim. „High speed thin film thickness mapping by using dynamic spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry“. In Optical Technology and Measurement for Industrial Applications Conference 2022, herausgegeben von Takeshi Hatsuzawa, Rainer Tutsch und Toru Yoshizawa. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2660191.

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Choe, Wontae, Gyeong Hun Kim und Chang-Seok Kim. „Noise suppression for enhanced resonance frequency mapping with fiber Bragg grating sensor“. In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ais.2023.jtu4a.11.

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In this research, we present a method for enhancing the precision and reliability of r esonance frequency mapping (RFM) measurements in optical fiber sensor based systems for assessing strain and temperature in various sensing targets. The results demonstrate that employing balanced photodetectors effectively suppresses noise originating from the sensor signal within the RFM system.

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Zhang, Bo, Yanning Zhang, Jinfeng Yu, Gang Luo, Xiaoqiang Wang, Liang Cai, Wei Wang et al. „Formation Evaluation of Condensate Reservoir Using New-Generation NMR T1-T2 Logging and T2-D Mapping: Case Study in the Permian in China“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23280-ms.

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Abstract China is accelerating the exploration and development of tight sandstone and shale reservoirs of the Permian Fengcheng Formation targeting condensates. The formation evaluation is challenged because of the complex mineralogy, low porosity, and unknown formation water salinity. In addition, the operator requires a technique for fluid typing of the condensate reservoir at subsurface conditions for the optimization of the development strategy. This paper introduces a new method combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1-T2 and T2-D mapping for formation evaluation and subsurface fluid typing of the condensate reservoir. The NMR relaxation-diffusion (T2-D) mapping successfully addresses the problem of fluid typing, by differentiating gas from oil. The measurements of continuous two-dimensional NMR T1-T2 enable the quantitative estimation of the bound and movable fluid volumes in the pores. The integration of wireline NMR, induced gamma spectroscopy, and the borehole image logs provides insight of the potential of the condensate reservoir in the Permian Fengcheng Formation. In case studies from tight sandstone and shale reservoirs in the Junggar basin, NMR T2-D mappings prove the pore fluid is dominated by gas (at reservoir conditions) in the condensate tight sandstone reservoir, for the first time confirmed by wireline logging. However, the reservoir will produce both gas and oil because of the drop in temperature and pressure. A robust methodology derived from the concept of blind source separation for extracting signals from two-dimensional NMR T1-T2 measurements is proposed. Clay-bound water volume and porosity derived from cluster volumetric analysis of NMR T1-T2 match well with those from spectroscopy and core experiment results. The movable hydrocarbon saturation proves to be effective and robust in sweet zone identification. This paper discusses an integration of NMR T1-T2 logging and T2-D mapping methods from a new-generation wireline NMR tool in the unconventional reservoir. It helps to understand the potential of the reservoirs. The subsurface fluid type is extremely meaningful for the decision of the development strategy. The condensate sweet zones identified by the new method have encouraging gas and oil productions.

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Candela, Alberto, Suhit Kodgule, Kevin Edelson, Srinivasan Vijayarangan, David R. Thompson, Eldar Noe Dobrea und David Wettergreen. „Planetary Rover Exploration Combining Remote and In Situ Measurements for Active Spectroscopic Mapping“. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196973.

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Veirs, D. Kirk, Joel W. Ager, Eric T. Loucks und Gerd M. Rosenblatt. „Mapping chemical properties of advanced materials using imaging Raman spectroscopy“. In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.ma5.

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Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is a microengineered material in which a phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic occurs in the stress field surrounding a crack. This transformed zone inhibits further crack growth, thus toughening the material. A complete understanding of the toughening mechanism relies upon a precise measurement of the zone parameters.1 Measurement of the zone parameters requires a spatially resolved technique sensitive to martensitic phase changes in which the atomic composition is unchanged. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive technique in applications where non-destructive chemical analysis is desired. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy where up to 1000 adjacent spatial elements are collected and analyzed simultaneously is possible using a two-dimensional detector and appropriate collection optics and analysis software.2 The spatial resolution, determined by the detector’s spatial resolution and the magnification of the collection optics, can approach 2 μm. Translating the sample in one dimension allows a 2-D map of the chemical composition to be produced efficiently.

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Bertke, Maik, Michael Fahrbach, Gerry Hamdana, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto und Erwin Peiner. „Large area contact resonance spectroscopy mapping system for on-the-machine measurements“. In 2018 IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2018.8346701.

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Liu, Hanli, Cole A. Giller und Maureen Johns. „Brain Structural Mapping during Stereotactic Surgery for Movement Disorders Using Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy“. In In Vivo optical Imaging at the NIH. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ivoi.1999.dis100.

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Precise localization of anatomic structures within the brain is crucial to neurosurgeons. In this paper, we report our recent investigation of using a low-cost, miniaturized, optical reflectance (elastic) spectroscopy device to obtain, in real-time, brain structural mapping during stereotactic surgery for movement disorders. 20 subjects were studied with IRB approval during temporal lobectomy or stereotactic surgery. The Measurement results show that this instrument along with our developed algorithm allows us to distinguish white and gray matter with a resolution of 1 mm. The technique is extremely easy in practice, and the equipment is inexpensive, miniature, and provides real-time brain structural mapping and localization in the operating room.

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Kauranen, P., H. M. Hertz und S. Svanberg. „Two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy for low-absorption tomographic imaging“. In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cmi3.

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Non-intrusive spatially resolved measurements of gas concentrations are important in fluid flow, combustion, and heat transfer research. By combining multi-angle absorption measurements with tomographic reconstruction, quantitative and spatially resolved measurements may be performed.1 Due to the low absorbance of most gaseous species in the visible wavelength region, previous attempts in optical absorption tomography have been restricted to specially selected species in order to obtain a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio for the tomographic reconstruction. We combine tomography with two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy (TTFMS), a highly sensitive absorption technique, extending the possibilities for quantitative and spatially resolved measurements to a vast number of species.2 Our TTFMS experiment uses laser modulation at 647 ± 5.2 MHz and has an absorption sensitivity of 1:106. The tomographic method is demonstrated by mapping the concentration in a section of a weakly absorbing O2 gas flow, using a GaAlAs diode laser operating around 760 nm.

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Park, Sung, Katie Park, Derek Nowak, Tom Albrecht, Erin Leigh Wood und Angela Hight Walker. „Nanoscale Strain Mapping via Photo-Induced Force Microscopy“. In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0602.

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Abstract Carrier mobility enhancement through local strain in silicon is a means of improving transistor performance. Among the scanning probe microscopy based techniques, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) has shown some promising results in measuring strain. However, TERS is known to depend critically on the quality of the plasmonic tip, which is difficult to control. In this study, a test structure is used to demonstrate the capability of photo-induced force microscopy with infrared excitation (IR PiFM) in direct measurement of strain with approximately 10 nm spatial resolution. For SiGe pitch less than about 800 nm, the region between the SiGe lines should maintain residual strain. For a region with SiGe pitch of 1000 nm, it is verified that the strain between the SiGe lines is fully relaxed. PiFM promises to be a powerful tool for studying nanoscale strain in diverse material.

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Rogiers, B., S. Boden und D. Jacques. „Geostatistical Mapping of Cs-137 Contamination Depth in Building Structures by Integrating ISOCS Measurements of Different Spatial Supports“. In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96234.

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Reliable methods to determine the contamination depth in nuclear building structures are very much needed for minimizing the radioactive waste volume and the decontamination workload. This paper investigates the geostatistical integration of in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements of different spatial supports. A case study is presented from the BR3 decommissioning project, yielding an estimated reduction of waste volume of ∼35%, and recommendations are made for future application of the proposed methodology.

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