Dissertationen zum Thema „Spectromètre de masse quadripolaire“
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Keita, Seny. „Comportement des gaz dans des ouvrages souterrains fermés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS385.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe deep geological repository is today considered the international reference for radioactive waste management. As part of the feasibility study for such a repository in France, an Underground Research Laboratory has been built by the French national radioactive waste management agency (Andra) in Meuse/Haute-Marne. In this context, gas exchanges and the evolution of air chemistry in underground structures - galleries, micro-tunnels (alveoli) and boreholes - need to be understood. The technological challenge is to continuously monitor a wide range of gaseous molecules at low concentrations in confined spaces. The work in this thesis concerns the behavior of gases in closed underground structures, and is part of this problematic. A gas monitoring station called "Flair soil™" has been developed for continuous, real-time, in situ monitoring of gas composition evolution in several structures, galleries and micro-tunnels in the Bure underground laboratory. The station includes two complementary gas concentration analyzers. i) a quadrupole mass spectrometer, which separates gaseous species in a gas mixture according to their mass (m) to charge (z) ratio. It can be used to monitor the evolution of several gas species, such as light hydrocarbons, noble gases, greenhouse gases, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. ii) an infrared laser spectroscope (Picarro) based on the principle of introducing a gas sample into an optical cavity and determining the optical absorbance of the sample, allowing simultaneous measurement of CO2, CO and CH4 concentrations. After several months of testing and calibration in the underground laboratory, this station was used to monitor the air in a gallery and several closed micro-tunnels. The results of monitoring gas evolution in an underground gallery over a period of 4 months have highlighted different gas evolutions according to two periods: i) a period when the galleries are ventilated and there is significant human activity (working days) and ii) a period when the galleries are not ventilated and there is no human activity (weekends, holidays and/or vacations). These observations highlight the sources and sinks of three gases (CO2, CO and CH4) in these structures. In fact, the gases can be consumed or produced by several processes occurring in the Underground Research Laboratory, such as the degassing of CO, CO2 and CH4 from the pore water in the rock, the supply by ventilation and production by human activity, the production of CO or CO2 in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, and the consumption of CO2 by the carbonation of concrete. Gas monitoring in micro-tunnels supplements information on gas exchange between rock, atmosphere and steel casing. Here, levels of a few ppm of dihydrogen produced by anoxic corrosion of the steel were detected. Monitoring gas composition in the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground laboratory reveals complex processes affecting gas species in galleries and micro-tunnels. Our results show that gas exchanges with the Callovo-Oxfordian and the materials present play an important role in understanding the overall gas balance. The cementitious materials act as a CO2 sink, while the clay rock is a source of CO2, CO and CH4. Thanks to this monitoring, the presence of CO in these underground structures has been quantified for the first time. However, we still need to refine our understanding of how this gas is produced and consumed in this context
Möller, Peter-Achim. „Création et piégeage d'ions mono et multicharges dans un champ électrodynamique tridimensionnel à symétrie quadrupolaire“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDAHROUCH, ABDELOUAHID. „Acquisition et traitement a moyenne resolution avec un spectrometre de masse a analyseur quadripolaire“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSillon, Nicolas. „Application des microtechnologies à la réalisation d'un spectromètre de masse miniature“. Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGisbert, Rémy. „Optimisation d'une source d'ions à décharge luminsescente pour spectromètre de masse“. Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVieira, Nelson. „Mesure de la masse atomique du noyau N=Z, 74Rb, avec le spectromètre MISTRAL“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleViera, Nelson. „Mesure de la masse atomique du noyau N=Z 74Rb avec le spectromètre MISTRAL“. Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCazaubon, Bertrand. „Étude par spectrométrie de masse quadripolaire d'un jet pulsé d'oxygène atomique et de son interaction avec les matériaux“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgthoven, Maria van. „Couplage orthogonal entre un piège ionique quadripolaire et un analyseur à temps de vol à réflection“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeyet, Loïc. „Développement d'une interface MIMS avec un piège ionique quadripolaire : application à l'étude de réactions ion-molécules“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066366.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBilodeau, Pierrick. „Modélisation et caractérisation à pression atmosphérique de lentilles électrostatiques à focalisation forte de type quadripolaire“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this project was to test the possibility of incorporating a system of quadrupole lenses into the ion source LDTD with the aim of focusing the ion beam created by the source. Since this kind of ion source operates under atmospheric pressure and the space in which the electrostatic lenses would be incorporated is fairly small, it was necessary to test if this type of lenses would be able to properly work with these restrictions. The first step was to obtain a proof of concept by simulating the lenses with the program SIMION and the user program SDS which allow us to simulate ions moving through a gas and different electric fields. We then created and characterized them by trying different configurations. All configurations succeeded in focusing the ion beam, but at the expense of an increase in the voltage needed to create the corona discharge.
Becker, Joël. „Etude et développement d’un spectromètre de masse et énergie : modélisation et optimisation de l’optique, réalisation du prototype“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066262.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of my work was to develop, implement and test a neutral mass spectrometer to study planetary exospheres, NIMEIS (Ion and Neutral Mass and Energy Imaging Spectrometer). The particles in the planetary exospheres are signatures of the interaction between the environment and the atmosphere or/and the planet's surface. For this purpose, an ion and neutral mass spectrometer, capable of determining the mass and energy of the particles in the exosphere was defined. A numerical model of the instrument is optimized in order to cover the requested instrumental performances. This numerical model has been then used to design, build and test the first prototype of NIMEIS. I also worked on the development of an ionization source, necessary for the operation of the neutral mass spectrometer. This original ionization source was based on the use of carbon nanotubes as electron emitters. We work in collaboration with a South Korean laboratory that provides us carbon nanotube emitters. Our tasks were to design, build and model device of extraction in the aim to optimize the principle of the electron extraction. I also worked on the definition and optimization of the numerical model of the instrument PICAM (Planetary Ion CAMera). PICAM is an ion mass spectrometer on the BepiColombo mission which will study Mercury’s exosphere. The originality of this instrument is to measure mass and energy as well as to provide an instantaneous image of an hemisphere. The goals of the numerical optimization was to start from the design of the instrument DION forthe Phobos-Grunt Mission (Vaisberg et al. 2010) and to increase as much as possible the geometrical factor in order to achieve the required performances in Mercury’s exosphere
Bachelet, Cyril. „Mesure de masse de noyaux à halo et refroidissement de faisceaux avec l'expérience MISTRAL“. Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHalo nuclides are a spectacular drip-line phenomenon and their description pushes nuclear theories to the limits. The most critical input parameter is the nuclear binding energy; a quantity that requires excellent measurement precision, since the two-neutron separation energy is small at the drip-line by definition. Moreover halo nuclides are typically very short-lived. Thus, a high accuracy instrument using a quick method of measurement is necessary. MISTRAL is such an instrument; it is a radiofrequency transmission mass spectrometer located at ISOLDE/CERN. In July 2003 we measured the mass of the 11Li, a two-neutron halo nuclide. Our measurement improves the precision by a factor 6, with an error of 5 keV. Moreover the measurement gives a two-neutron separation energy 20% higher than the previous value. This measurement has an impact on the radius of the nucleus, and on the state of the two valence neutrons. At the same time, a measurement of the 11Be was performed with an uncertainty of 4 keV, in excellent agreement with previous measurements. In order to measure the mass of the two-neutron halo nuclide 14Be, an ion beam cooling system is presently under development which will increase the sensitivity of the spectrometer. The second part of this work presents the development of this beam cooler using a gas-filled Paul trap
Vincent, Thomas. „Etude des dendrimères polyamidoamines de demi- et de première génération (GO. 5 et G1) par spectrométrie de masse : caractérisation, fragmentation et complexation non covalente“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHalf and first generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (GO. 5 and G1) have been studied by electrospray a quadrupole ion trap (QIT). First, GO. 5 and G1 have been characterized and different synthetic defects have been observed. Several MSn experiences, carried out on GO. 5 and G1, have permitted to establish the different fragmentation pathways of these dendrimers. Different fragment ions have been produced from sucessive fragmentation generations even though this work has been performed using a resonant fragmentation QIT. Secondly, the capacity of G1 to bind via non covalent interaction with different aminoacids, four homotetrapeptides (Gly4 , L-Asp4,L-Asn4 et L-Arg4), benzoic acid, ketoprofen, adenosine monophosphate have been carried out. Non covalent complexes have been observed only in negative ion mass spectra. Their formation in solution has been checked and different G1-aminoacids affinities, in fonction of the side chain of the aminoacids, have been determined by competitive experiences. Moreover, by studying the influence of solution conditions on the complex mass spectrum response and by carrying out complex fragmentation, we have been able to conclude that the non covalent interactions are due to electrostatic interactions
Verzeroli, Elodie. „Source NAPIS et Spectromètre PSI-TOF dans le projet ANDROMEDE“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS221/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of the ANDROMEDE project is to create a new instrument for sub-micrometric ion imaging and analysis by mass spectrometry, using ion impacts on nano-objects present in the solid sample surface and more particularly on biological samples. In-vitro and in-vivo analysis of these types of samples require mostly complex preparation and even atmospheric pressure experimentation. This unique instrument opens a new path for surface analysis characterization, which is complementary to the standard methods and technics used today.In the ANDROMEDE project, two elements have been developed in our study. The NAPIS source which delivers the nanoparticles allowing the increase of the secondary ion yield and the PSI-TOF mass spectrometer for the chemical analysis of the elements emitted from the sample surface.The NAPIS source delivers a primary beam of accelerated nanoparticles in a Pelletron 4MeV accelerator which is driven to a target. The NAPIS nanoparticles source has been developed and validated independently in the ORSAY PHYSICS Company firstly before its coupling on the accelerator. The new extraction optics called ExOTOF as well as the PSI-TOF orthogonal extraction mass spectrometer have been developed for the reliable secondary ions study and the increase of the mass resolution.These instruments have been specially designed for this project. This development will allow an efficient extraction and analysis of the secondary ions emitted from the sample surface using continuous primary beams and will have applications for atmospheric pressure studies. The assembly has been completely validated and the first tests of the output beam have been successfully carried out
Bail, Adeline. „Mesures de rendements isobariques et isotopiques des produits de fission lourds sur le spectromètre de masse LOHENGRIN“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecker, Joël. „Étude et développement d'un spectromètre de masse et énergie : modélisation et optimisation de l'optique, réalisation du prototype“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMessedi, Mounir. „Automatisation d'un spectromètre de masse : application à l'analyse des gaz résiduels d'une capsule contenant une puce AsGa“. Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJanulyte, Aurika. „Etude physico-électrique et optimisation métrologique d'un spectromètre de masse pour la détection temps réel de traces de dioxines“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo increase the ion trap mass spectrometer metrological performance to better detect large molecular weight compounds, i. E. , dioxines, a systematic study of the different mass spectrometric detection stages was performed. In order to increase the ion trap's resolution and sensitivity, different parameters were tested to determine the influence of the corresponding stage's effect of the given parameter on the ion confinement leading to 'damaged' ion spectra. First, principally, power supplies electrical and ion trap's mechanical defects were studied. Secondly, the wave generator electrical environment was studied. In order to confine large molecular mass ions within an ion trap, higher voltage amplitude the wave generator was developed. This wave generator respected criteria of frequency and voltage amplitude stability to better confine large molecular ions such as dioxines
Mathurin, Jean-Charles. „Etude des ions négatifs avec une trappe ionique quadripolaire couplée à une source externe haute pression : réalisation et application à l'ionisation chimique par ions négatifs“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO19001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCOZIC, Ronan. „Développement d'un analyseur de gaz transportable : couplage thermodésorbeur / micro-chromatographe / spectromètre de masse (m-TD / m-CG / SM)“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008935.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGemayel, Rachel. „Développement et validation d'un spectromètre de masse à ionisation laser pour l'analyse en ligne des nanoparticules dans l'atmosphère“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0241/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is the development and the validation of an online analytical methodology for continuous measurements of nanoparticles (NPs) in the atmosphere. The particularity of this method is the capacity to determine the size and the chemical composition of each particle simultaneously, what we call mono-particular method. This work was conducted using the instrument LAAP-ToF-MS (Laser Ablation Aerosol Particle - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometer). Being dedicated for single aerosol measurements, four parts constitute this instrument: aerodynamic lenses are used to introduce aerosols into the instrument, an optical detection system to determine the particles size and synchronize the laser shot used for the ionization process, and the produced ions are then analyzed by a Time of Flight (ToF) analyzer.The work is organized in four parts:The first part consists in the characterization of the LAAP-ToF-MS in order to determine the performances of each of its four parts. The results of this work were published in the international journal "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques".The second part is dedicated to the development of a quantitative analytical method and published in "Talanta" journal.The orientation of the third part is going into the direction of instrumental development to measure NPs not associated to aerosols (Ø<100 nm). Being the first development of this kind using the LAAP-ToF-MS, the work is highlighted by a patent which is under validation.In the end, the last part is dedicated to examples of concrete applications and the usefulness of the LAAP-ToF-MS instrument to study NPs during laboratory experiments as well as for field campaigns
Rochman, Dimitri. „Mesure et analyse de la distribution en masse et charge des produits de fission de 245Cm(nth, f) grâce au spectromètre de masse Lohengrin (ILL-Grenoble)“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoust, Fabrice. „Microscopie ionique à balayage à haute résolution spatiale : obtention simultanée d'images filtrées par un spectromètre de masses à fort pouvoir séparateur“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZerega, Yves. „Méthode de détection sélective en masse par mesure des fréquences du mouvement d'ions créés extèrieurement puis confinés dans un piège quadripolaire R. F“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinkala, Jean-Louis. „Spectrometrie de masse quadripolaire d'ions secondaires a des fins d'etude geologique : aide a l'interpretation des experiences d'analyse in-situ du sol de phobos“. Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinkala, Jean Louis. „Spectrométrie de masse quadripolaire d'ions secondaires à des fins d'étude géologique aide à l'interprétation des expériences d'analyse in-situ du sol de Phobos /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616524d.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoudaoud, Nawal. „Potentialités d'utilisation du nez électronique à spectromètre de masse pour la caractérisation de la fraction volatile du liège oenologique“. Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001930.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDevoto, Pierre. „Conception et réalisation d'un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol spatialisable de type "réflectron" électronique et tête de mesure“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090727.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse porte en premier lieu sur l'électronique de la chaîne de mesure qui a été conçue dans un souci de modularité. Un spectromètre de masse complet de type « réflectron » a ensuite été conçu, simulé puis développé. Le prototype construit, qui utilise l'électronique développée, a été soumis à des flux d'ions de masses et d'énergies différentes dans les chambres à vide du CESR. Ses performances mesurées valident les principes mis en œuvre et démontrent qu'un spectromètre de masse identique peut être embarqué avec profit sur satellite, tant dans le cadre de missions planétaires que solaires.
Chauvet, Laura. „Caractérisation expérimentale et optimisation d'une source plasma à pression atmosphérique couplée à un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30302/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 2000's, new atmospheric pressure plasma sources have been developed. They allow the propagation of a cold plasma jet or plasma plume in open air (non-equilibrium plasma jets). Their particular properties (in terms of reactive species, low temperature and ability to extend in open air) make them useful tools in a large range of research fields such as biomedicine, decontamination and sterilization, nanomaterial synthesis and analytical chemistry. Among the plasma jet sources, some are based on a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration, which is the case of this study. This work proposes the experimental characterization of a plasma jet developed with the aim to be coupled with a Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TOF-MS) in order to perform ambient chemical analysis. The source consists of a dielectric body surrounded by two electrodes. The source is fed by a discharge gas (helium or neon) and powered by a square alternative voltage. The main diagnostics are optical emission spectroscopy and imaging with an ICCD camera. The mass spectrometer has also been used as a diagnostic tool to identify the ions created by the jet interacting with the species present in ambient air. The jet has been studied for two gases, neon and helium, with different experimental conditions of flow rates and applied voltages. The mechanisms of the jet propagation in open air have been studied for both half periods of the voltage (positive and negative), where the passage between positive and negative streamers transited through a remnant ionized channel. The spatial and temporal distributions of the main radiative species were investigated independently for each streamer allowing the observation and identification of mechanisms responsible of the populating of the upper level of observed emissions. It was shown that the mechanisms differ according to the half period studied and also the type of gases (neon and helium) due to the difference between the energies of their metastable states. In order to lay the groundwork in ambient analytical chemistry with the plasma source, its ionization capability was evaluated. Firstly, the ions created by the jet in open air were identified and analyzed with the TOF-MS, secondly the analysis was performed with different volatile samples. The results highlighted that the jet initiated with neon as discharge gas is able to ionize as well as the jet initiated with helium. A semi quantitative study of one of the volatile samples has also been realized
Sage, Eric. „Nouveau concept de spectrométre de masse à base de réseaux de nanostructures résonantes“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY045/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the project is to bring a proof of concept of a simplified mass spectrometer architecture using an ultra dense network of NEMS in association with elements of CMOS circuit as sensors in order to amplify the signal in situ and adress them individually. Since several years, Roukes' team at Caltech has demonstrated a mass spectrometry with a NEMS. In parallel, the CEA/LETI-MINATEC has developped a fabrication approach called VLSI of NEMS and an electromecanical simulation method of these elements The first objective of this thesis is to study the noise phenomenon currently limiting our mass resolution in order to reach 10 Da instead of current 1000 Da on ranges going from 10 Da to 1MDa. In a second step, the concept of NEMS-based mass spectrometry is validated by comparison a nanometric cluster spectra with those from a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Then, a frequency addressing technique is applied on an NEMS array to allow for quasi simultaneous tracking of 20 different resonators. Finally, the NEMS array is inserted in the nanocluster bench to measure 20 spectra in parallel and validate a first proof of concept
Verruno, Marina. „Investigation of the enhancement of the performance of the SIMS instruments“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS400/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instruments need to be improved in order to satisfy the demands of trends in many fields that require analytical tools that can map samples with both excellent resolution and high-sensitivity chemical information, but also with shorter time of analysis. The objectives of this thesis are: investigate the enhancement of the mass resolution of double focusing mass spectrometers by replacing the standard spherical sector with a novel spheroid geometry which has better focusing properties, and to investigate the reduction of the time of analysis in imaging SIMS by the proof-of-concept of the SIMS multi-ion- beam system.A comparison of the main focusing properties of the spherical sector, the spheroid geometry and a hybrid spheroid geometry, was made using the SIMION software. A comparison in a Nier-Johnson configuration between the spherical sector and the spheroid, showed that the beam presents a rotation of 90° at the exit of the magnet harming the mass resolution in the spheroid configuration. By adding an electrostatic element that can rotate the beam 90° the performance of the mass spectrometer could be improved. However, a comparison of the performances between the spherical and hybrid sectors simulated in a Mattauch-Herzog configuration, showed that when the double focusing condition is properly satisfied, better mass resolution could be achieved with the spheroid geometry.A multi-ion-beam system was investigated for SIMS analysis. A simulation through the secondary optics of a Cameca IMS XF showed successful transmission of nine beams through the optics resulting in nine well focussed spots on the multi channel plate (MCP) detector. The proof-of-concept was completed experimentally in the Cameca IMS 6F, where a multi-hole aperture was mounted in the primary column generating 9 and 16 beams of sizes between 4 μm to 10 μm. Images of an AlCu grid were obtained when t the multi-ion-beam system was scanned over the sample. These results showed that the multi-ion-beam system is a feasible technique for imaging SIMS and by optimizing the design multi-nano-ion-beams will be a solution for reducing drastically the time of analysis
Helsens, Clément. „Recherche de résonances de haute masse dans le canal dimuon à l'aide du spectromètre à muons de l'expérience ATLAS au CERN“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHelsens, Clément. „Recherche de résonances de haute masse dans le canal dimuon à l’aide du spectromètre à muons de l’expérience ATLAS au CERN“. Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe LHC is a proton collider located at CERN with 14 TeV in the centrer of mass. The first collisions are expected at the end of 2009. The ATLAS experiment is one of the two general- purpose LHC experiments. The available energy and its high luminosity will allow the ATLAS experiment to search for the Higgs boson along with other new particles predicted by physics models beyond the standard model. Muons are of major importance for the measurement of standard model and the search for new physics. They also provide valuable insight on the performance of the detector. In this thesis, the direct search of Z’ decaying into two muons has been studied. A small number of events is enough for discovering a Z’ and is possible with the first data. We shall study in particular the effects of the muon spectrometer alignment on high pT tracks and on the Z’ discovery potential in the ATLAS experiment. At start up of the LHC, the muon spectrometer alignment will not have reached the nominal performances. High pT muons have been used to estimate the impact of a degraded alignment on track reconstruction. Results are given in terms of reconstruction efficiency, momentum and invariant mass resolution, charge identification and the sensibility for the discovery or for the exclusion. For the first LHC data an analysis with the muon spectrometer only is necessary. Finally, a complete study to determine the initial geometry of the muon spectrometer using tracks without toroidal magnetic field has been done including an estimate of the beam time necessary to achieve a given alignment accuracy
Delorme, Arnaud. „Le couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectromètre de masse à source plasma en tant qu'instrument de spéciation des actinides à l'état de traces“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn interface between the separation technique (capillary electrophoresis) and the analytical technique (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer) was developed. In that sense, bibliographic and parametric studies allowed to define necessary conditions for the good working of both techniques. The results obtained led to the realisation of an interface capillary electrophoresis - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (CE/ICP-MS). This one was experimentally validated on classical separations (alkalines /earth-alkalines and lanthanides) and the detection limit of the analytical system was determined equal to 4x10^(-11) mol. L^(-1) for plutonium. This result exhibits a gain in detection limit of a factor higher than 10^4 compared to the capillary electrophoresis in standard detection (UV). The studies were made in order to check the capacity of the CE /ICP-MS coupling as a speciation instrument for actinides at trace level and to define the associated analytical procedures. The coupling turned out to be a suited instrument for the determination of absolute electrophoretic mobilities at infinite dilution (physico-chemical property which allows to predict the migration time of an ion under an electrical field in a given electrolyte), for the determination of thermodynamic constants and for the separation of different actinide oxidation states in solution
Toader, Cristian-Florentin. „Mesures de masses atomiques de nucléides très éloignes de la vallée de stabilité béta à l'aide d'un spectromètre de masse à radiofréquence“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002385.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartin, Florence. „Etude des distributions en masse, charge nucléaire et énergie cinétique des produits de fission de l'233U(nth,f) et du 241Pu(nth,f) mesurées auprès du spectromètre de masse Lohengrin (ILL)“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI098/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFission product yields are significant nuclear data for neutronic simulations. The purposeof this work is to improve fission yield knowledge for two fissile nuclei : 241Pu and 233U. Thoseare respectively involved in the uranium and thorium nuclear fuel cycle.The measurements are performed at the Lohengrin mass spectrometer of the InstitutLaue-Langevin (ILL) located in Grenoble. The spectrometer is combined with an ionizationchamber to measure mass yields of 241Pu and 233U and with a gamma spectrometry set-upto determine isotopic yields of 233U.A new analysis method of experimental data has been developed in order to controlsystematics and to reduce experimental biases. For the first time, the experimental variancecovariancematrix of our measured fission yields could be deduced
Lamoine, Laurent. „Optimisation du détecteur du système de déclenchement du spectromètre dimuons et étude des résonances de haute masse dans l'expérience ALICE au CERN-LHC“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF21320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSourd, Béatrice. „Contribution à l'étude de la réactivité de surface : réalisation d'un spectromètre de masse à temps de vol et détermination des coefficients de transport“. Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7b345552-bf89-4a0f-a23a-ec935b8ad94c/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4016.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this work, we designed, developed and optimised a Time of flight mass spectrometer for the purpose of studying the species present in pulsed plasma sources. The software, named, Simion was used to simulate the systems and thus to determine the voltage applied to the 20 electrodes present in the system. The ions are created as a result electronic impact and are accelerated under a potential difference of 1 kV. The distance of flight is 1. 3 m. A mass spectrum of the residual atmosphere at 10-5 mbar was studied, five major different species was detected. The estimated resolution is 250 (30 mass). In parallel, to this experimental work, transport coefficients were calculated theoretically. A data base of information regarding e/C/H/N/O was also developed for high pressure plasmas. In addition, it was established that the excited states of atomic nitrogen on the transport properties influence the calculations of these properties at high pressures
Caumette, Guilhem. „Analyse de spéciation des métaux dans les produits lourds du pétrole par couplage LC-ICP MS (Chromatographie liquide – Spectromètre de masse à plasma induit)“. Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of heavy petroleum, increasingly popular because of the shortage of energy supplies, is hampered by the presence of heavy metals, such as nickel and vanadium, which negatively affect refining processes. The objective of the thesis was to develop novel analytical methods able to study the metal distribution in petroleum, its fractions and related products. The principal developments include: (i) a high-throughput sensitive method for the analysis of organic matrices based on flow-injection total consumption micronebulisation ICP MS; (ii) a coupling of gel-permeation LC with ICP MS; and (iii) a coupling of normal phase LC – ICP MS allowing the 2D gel-permeation – normal phase characterization of the metal distribution by ICP MS. The methods developed were applied to the analysis of a number of crude oils and their fractions
Bodin, Audrey. „Un dispositif de filtre en énergie couplé à un spectromètre de masse quadrupolaire pour le dépôt d'ions moléculaires sur des surfaces isolantes avec énergie contrôlée“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2224/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMolecular electronics is an alternative technology for nanoelectronics. It requires the conception of new equipments in order to deposit large and fragile molecules on insulating surfaces under ultra high vacuum (UHV). Keeping intact the deposited molecules is essential for the functionality of the fabricated devices. The most generally used deposition technique for molecules under UHV is thermal evaporation. However, this technique is often detrimental for fragile molecules. The development of less destructive deposition methods is therefore needed. An alternative technique is based on the use of a dedicated mass spectrometer. The commercial device used for our study is a Finnigan triple quadrupole mass spectrometer TSQ700 coupled to a multi-chamber equipment under UHV called " Dinamo " UHV Factory. To transform the TSQ700 in a low energy ion source, we studied the energy distribution of the ions at the exit of the analyzer by using the simulation software SIMION(r). This study revealed that the ion beam displays a high energy tail up to 1500 eV. The ion beam must then be filtered in energy in order to remove the high energy tail. To filter the ions in energy, we decided to add an electrostatic sector. The ion current measured at the output of electrostatic sector showed that the high-energy tail has been removed after this modification. The modified spectrometer was used to deposit CF3+ ions on a KBr(001) surface then characterized by Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM) and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). KPFM observations are consistent with the presence of positive charges
Debouit, Charlotte. „Dosage du (±)-VX plasmatique libre par chromatographie liquide couplée à un spectromètre de masse en tandem, application toxicologique et approche de la séparation des énantiomères“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInnovative analytical methods have been developed to detect and quantify the organophosphorus nerve agent, VX (O-ethyl S–(2(diisopropylamino)ethyl) (methylphosphonothioate)), in plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique. Liquid-liquid extraction of VX from HBSS environment was achieved with excellent yields (> 99%). Next, extraction from plasma was performed and generated a recovery rate of approximately sixty-five percent (65%). Our distinctive extraction methodology was implemented to evaluate the presence of VX in very small quantities of plasma (between 20 to 1000 µL) as in small rodents' experiments. It was followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis in a 100% organic phase. A Lux Cellulose-1 column (Phenomenex) and an Allure biphenyl column (Restek) were tested with detection limit at 0.15 pg/mL and 0.5 pg/mL in plasma (5 µL injected), respectively. Finally, our study was focused on the separation of VX enantiomers and hopeful results were provided using a Lux cellulose-2 column (Phenomenex)
Groboillot, Anne. „Comparaison de capteurs à membrane gazeuse utilisant soit un chromatographe, soit un spectromètre de masse : application au suivi de substances volatiles de procédés de fermentation“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSelliez-Vandernotte, Laura. „Optimisation de l'analyse de la matière organique à l'aide d'un nouveau spectromètre de masse basé sur le CosmOrbitrap dans un contexte de future mission spatiale“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMass spectrometry is a key tool in space exploration, for the analysis of organic matter of many Solar System bodies. In this dissertation, we mainly focus on Titan. This amazing object in the Solar System shows a very rich organic chemistry from the ionosphere to the surface. Mass spectrometers aboard the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft have allowed the detection of many organic compounds. However, instrumental limits in terms of analytical performances lead scientists to develop new high resolution mass spectrometry techniques (HRMS).My PhD is rooted to the development of a new high resolution mass analyzer based on the Orbitrap technology, for a space application. This project is named CosmOrbitrap. The efficiency of a simple and compact instrumental version of CosmOrbitrap coupled with a laser ablation ionization process (LAb-CosmOrbitrap) is demonstrated on organic matter analyses in the framework of a future space mission. Univocal identification of pure organics compounds and complex organic mixtures, analytical performances such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy and isotopic abundances determination as well as the impact of the pressure on the mass resolution of organics are part of this dissertation. The study of laboratory analogs of Titan aerosols (named tholins) shows capabilities of the LAb-CosmOrbitrap to provide a deep chemical analysis of exobiological environment
Cozic, Ronan. „Développement d'un analyseur de gaz transportable : couplage thermodésorbeur / micro-chromatographe / spectromètre de masse (m-TD / m-CG / SM) : application à l'analyse en ligne des composés organiques volatils à l'état de traces“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/79/27/PDF/tel-00008935.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaghdadi, Sarah. „Analyse des actinides dans les urines en situation de crise par couplage entre les colonnes calix[6]arènes et un spectromètre de masse à plasma induit“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112081/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the event of a nuclear crisis, involving actinides (U, Pu, Am) it is important to have fast analysis methods available in order to identify people that could be contaminated. Usually, they are performed in urine or faeces. Even though, analytical methods used with alpha detection are reliable they are lengthy and tedious to set up. This work consisted in developing an on-line coupling method between a calix[6]arene-based chromatography column and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). To do so, a speciation study of actinides in mineralised urine was developed to understand the chemical equilibria happening during the actinides extraction. A protocol was elaborated to extract simultaneously all three actinides at pH ≈ 5, then co-elute them with 0.25 mol.L1 H3PO4. Recovery was 56 %, 74 % and 85 % for U, Pu and Am respectively. The column was then coupled to the ICP-MS. A parameter study helped defining mineralisation duration, extraction and elution flow-rates. It was then possible to propose an on-line coupling system allowing reaching detection limits lower than 0.5 mBq.L-1 for 238U and 243Am and lower than 5 mBq.L-1 for 239Pu and 241Am, for analysis duration lower than 6 hours. These analytical performances show the interest of this technique for a use in a nuclear crisis situation
Dupuis, Erwan. „Détermination précise de la composition isotopique et élémentaire d'échantillons nucléaires par couplage de l'électrophorèse capillaire à un spectromètre de masse à source plasma et à multicollection“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe isotopic and elemental compositions of nuclear samples were determined with the hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). A single step separation method by CE of the key elements of a spent nuclear fuel sample was developed. This method was optimized using an inactive sample by hyphenation with a quadrupole ICP-MS (Q-ICP-MS). It was then applied to a real spent nuclear fuel sample by hyphynation with a nuclearised Q-ICP-MS. Uranium, plutonium, minor actinides (Am, Cm) and fission products (Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) were separated. The CE-MC-ICP-MS hyphenation allowed the determination of isotope ratio for these elements (except uranium) with uncertainties of a few per-mil and with sample quantities of a few hundreds of pg. Liquid waste production was in the µL range. Those values were notably inferior to the ones obtained with a routinely used offline protocol which were respectively in the µg and the hundreds of mL range. The age of a uranium sample was determined by CE-MC-ICP-MS with the 234U/230Th radiochronometer. The 230Th concentration in the sample was determined with the isotope dilution method using a 232Th spike. A preconcentration method associated with detection by a secondary electron multiplier allowed to measure the few hundreds of fg of 230Th present in the sample. The developments carried out throughout this PhD will be applied and adapted to analytical microsystems
Giusti, Pierre. „Développement de l’interface entre la chromatographie liquide à nano-débits (nanoHPLC) et le spectromètre de masse à source d’ionisation par plasma à couplage inductif (ICP MS)“. Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a result of millions of years of evolution, biomolecules and biological complexes have incorporated heteroelements or metals in their chemical structure. Their presence can be essential to the functioning of fundamental biochemical processes or alternatively their absence can be responsible for causing illnesses and dysfunctions. The molecular structure of these biomolecules is often very complex and their characterization has progressed substantially with the development of NMR, MALDI and electrospray techniques. Nevertheless, these techniques show limitations for the analysis of minor compounds, which are often the target hetero- or metallo- containing molecules, key to the biochemical role under investigation. The researches presented here aim at identifying and quantifying these biomolecules through the heteroatom or metal present in the structure. In addition to the large number of molecules that biological sample can contain, the sample volume is often limited to the microlitre range. The use of miniaturized separation techniques, such as nanoHPLC systems was therefore required. The instrumental development of a patented nanoHPLC - ICP MS interface, principal objective of this thesis, has enabled a series of advances in the identification and quantification of the heteroatoms contained in the targeted biomolecules. The parallel coupling using a molecular mass spectrometer was then used to determine the biomolecule structure
Durantel, F. „Réalisation d'un dispositif de test de cibles pour la production d'ions radioactifs par la méthode ISOL“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009664.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTighezza, Ammar. „Etude cinétique des réactions : C1 + CH4 et H + iC4H10 par la technique du réacteur à écoulement rapide et décharge micro-onde couplée à un spectromètre de masse“. Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10059.
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