Dissertationen zum Thema „Spectre du trouble autistique“
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Paquet, Aude. „Profil neuro-psychomoteur des enfants présentant un Trouble du Spectre Autistique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMotor disorders have been described in the Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), however all children with ASD show no decrease in motor performances. The nature and origin of motor disturbances in ASD are unclear. Neurodevelopmental processes linked to the maturation of the central nervous system, are not really explored in ASD, but these processes underlie motor performances. Few studies trat of an acute semiology of motor abnormalities in ASD and the existence of a neuro-developmental trajectory of neuro-psychomotor functions is not known in children with ASD. The aim of this study is to highlight the semiology of psychomotor disorders among children with ASD, using a French standardized neurodevelopmental assessment tool (NP-MOT) (Vaivre-Douret, 2006). Evaluations of the first instances (psychiatric; psychological; understanding; psychomotor) were supplemented by a standardized assessment battery of neuro-developmental psychomotor functions (NP-MOT). The identification of a neuro-psychomotor clinical profile, identification of problems or discrepancies compared to a standard reference, the identification of potentially affected brain functions in ASD should provide a better understanding of the origin and nature the observed disorders in ASD. The results, more and more numerous concerning motor skills in these children, should be able to be analyzed in light of cognitive or neuro-cognitive assessments and should allow to refine the profile of development and thereby enable a better understanding of the nature of autism among a comorbidity other possible malfunctions
Maruani, Anna. „Exploration de l'hétérogénéité phénotypique des Troubles du Spectre Autistique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MARUANI_Anna_2_va_20181123.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are defined by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction as well as by the restricted and repetitive nature of behaviors and interests. This entity covers very heterogeneous clinical situations, as much by the spectrum of severity of symptoms as by the variety of comorbidities and associated signs. If the genetic etiology seems preponderant, the mechanisms involved are complex and heterogeneous. One possible strategy to break down this heterogeneity is to rely on the study of phenotype-genotype relationships and more broadly on the study of phenotypic subgroups such as sensory peculiarities, co-morbidities or neuro-anatomical peculiarities, in order to to define more homogeneous categories. The aim of the thesis was to explore multi-modally the heterogeneity of these disorders.The first part of my thesis focused on the exploration of phenotype-genotype relationships. The first study focused on the exploration of Jacobsen syndrome (JS, 11q24.2-25 deletion) characterized by intellectual disability (ID) and a higher risk of ASD. In this critical region 11q24.2-25, we hypothesized that haploinsufficiency of neurotrimin (NTM) (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) may increase the risk of ASD and may affect volumes of brain structures. In the end, NTM could not be incriminated as a susceptibility gene for ASD, but the explorations provided new information on the impact of the 11q24.2-25 deletion on brain anatomy. Indeed, using automatic segmentation we explored macrocephaly in a patient with a large NTM deletion with NTM and a clinical phenotype of JS: we observed an increased volume of subcortical structures in this patient. But a decrease in the occipital gray matter. The second study focused on the CNTN5 and CNTN6 genes that encode neuronal cell adhesion molecules of the sensory-motor neural pathways. Clinical investigations of patients with deleterious variants of CNTN5 and / or CNTN6 showed that these patients were hypersensitive to sound and that their auditory evoked potentials (ABRs) showed changes in latency. These results shed new light on genes related to sensory peculiarities in ASDs. I will present the preliminary results of a third linkage study in a multiplexed family with TSA and synesthesia.In the second part of the thesis, I will expose an exploratory study in which we hypothesized that the lowered plasma concentrations of melatonin observed in our ASD patients (vs controls and related) could be related to a decrease in the volume of the pineal gland (PGV). The PGV were measured with a voxel-based volumetric measurement method from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To better understand the relationship between VGP and plasma melatonin levels in our population, we generated a normative model. The melatonin deficiency seemed more related to the subject's status with respect to ASD than to VGP. This study led us to hypothesize that melatonin variations in ASD may be mainly caused by deregulation of the melatonin pathway.In conclusion, all of this work shows the importance of a multimodal approach for understanding ASD to open new avenues in terms of therapeutic strategy
Diémé, Binta. „Etude métabolomique de la pathologie autistique“. Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3803.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleASDs are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by deficits in social interaction, communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. To date, the diagnosis of autism is made only on the basis of clinical symptoms. There is no biomarker of ASD. The aim of this work is (1) the search of predictive biomarkers in ASD and (2) the better understanding of brain metabolic dysfunctions in a rat model (valproate rat, VPA). To highlight urinary predictive biomarkers we analyzed together data from different analytical technologies in order to improve the robustness and predictive power of statistical models. The second part of the thesis was to characterize and compare the cerebral metabolome of VPA rat during development. We showed disturbances of neurotransmission, energy, oxidative stress pathways. Even if results obtained in rats cannot be transposed to humans, the VPA model still allows a better understanding the brain physiological disturbances induced by the drug
Le, Gall Eva. „Exploration neurocognitive des liens entre les troubles du spectre schizophrénique et les troubles du spectre autistique : Profils communs et différences fonctionnelles dans les domaines du fonctionnement cognitif général, du langage figuré et de la cognition sociale“. Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have similar difficulties in communication, social interaction, affects and emotions. These apparent similarities raise the question whether similar or different neurocognitive processes might underlie similar symptoms and cognitive profiles. However, currently, very few experimental studies directly compare individuals with autism and schizophrenia in different cognition areas.The major aim of the present Doctoral Dissertation was to address these issues by exploring three areas: cognitive profile (the assessment of general cognitive functioning and the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of verbal fluency), pragmatic language (idiom comprehension in context and novels metaphors’ comprehension) and social cognition (facial affect recognition and attributional style). In each of these areas, the major results showed that despite apparent cognitive similarities, neurocognitive functioning observed in patients with schizophrenic disorders and autism were characterized by significant qualitative differences that were examined and discussed in the context of the international literature and in relation to the possible clinical perspectives
Leblond, Claire. „Shank2 : un nouveau gène impliqué dans la vulnérabilité des troubles du spectre autistique“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social communication, absence or delay in language, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD, little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions wit other genetic variations. Following the discovery of two de novo SHANK2 deletions by the Autism Genom Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo SHANK2 deletion in a patient with autism. We then sequence SHANK2 in 455 patients with ASD and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berke et al. 2010 (n=396 patients and n=659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved amino acids in 29 out of 851 patients (3. 4%) and in 16 out of 1090 controls (1. 5%) (P=0. 00 OR=2. 37, 95% CI=1. 23-4. 70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in patients were associated wit a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P=0. 0013 interestingly, the three patients with de novo SHANK2 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15qll-ql previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In two cases, the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor CYFIP1 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in ASD but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model" for ASD. A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of ASD
Coulon, Nathalie. „Liens entre troubles du spectre autistique et schizophrénies précoces ?“ Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066430/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContext : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) , early onset schizophrenia (EOS) or even very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS)... so many terms used these days! Although today, classifications are categorical, work is however increasing to deepen and understand a possible link between ASD and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and especially a link between ASD and early onset schizophrenia. Objective : To clarify clinical and biological links between ASD and EOS (before age 18) and especially links between ASD and VEOS (before age 13). Méthod: 62 subjects, divided into three groups according to age at onset of schizophrenia : strictly before age 13 (VEOS ), between age 13 and 18 (EOS) and after 18 (Adult Onset Schizophrenia, AOS). For each group, two clinical evaluations are assessed: search early symptoms of autism with the ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised) and phenotypic evaluation with MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), PANSS (Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale for schizophrenia), STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), TAS (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) et NSS (Neurological Soft Signs). Biological analysis is based on salivary cortisol measurements, collected during a 24-h period (0800h-day 1, 1100h, 1600h, 2400h, 0800h-day2), in order to evaluate the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Résults: VEOS symptoms > EOS symptoms > AOS symtoms. The earlier the schizophrenia is and the more present premorbid history of autism is and the more abnormal stress response is (abnormal stress response also present in relatives). Conclusion: A clinico-biological link appears between VEOS and ASD, with early symtoms of autism before thirty six months and stress response abnormalities. Are VEOS different from schizophrenia? Anyway, a diagnosis to know better in order to improve patients and families cares
Pieron, Marie. „L'inhibition de retour saccadique dans les troubles du spectre autistique“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066567.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn autism spectrum disorders (ASD), visual perception is atypical both in terms of low-level perceptual surfunctioning and perceptual deficits for high-level operations. This phenomenon induces consequences on the triad of symptoms found in ASD: impairments in communication and social interactions and restricted/repetitive behaviour. In order to explore the relationship between oculomotor system, attention, visual perception and this triad, I have worked on the saccadic inhibition of return (IOR), a low-level visual phenomenon. First, I studied the time course of saccadic IOR. Results of this study showed earlier saccadic IOR effect in autistic individuals compared to typically developed individuals (TD). Indeed, saccadic IOR occurred for a stimulus onset asynchrony shorter in autistic individuals while it occurred later in TD individuals. These findings reflect a visual search that is more oriented toward novelty in the visual environment in autistic individuals. This is an advantage in visual search tasks, in which autistic individuals showed better performance and could be considered as one of the attention mechanisms underlying these performances. Secondarily I analysed the influence of directional change of gaze on the IOR. The results showed that saccadic IOR effect is present in both TD and autistic groups. All together these results showed that the saccadic IOR effect is present in individuals with ASD, with both non-social and social peripheral cues
Loquette, Sabrina. „Régulation émotionnelle et tempérament chez l'enfant typique ou porteur d'un trouble du spectre autistique : mise au point d'outils d'évaluation“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the heart of this thesis is the study of the expression of Emotion Regulation (ER) and temperament during middle childhood. Unfortunately, few satisfactory scales are available in French. Thus, a first questionnaire has been developed for assessing skills of ER and a second scale has been translated to provide a characterization of temperament in children. Parental reports indicate decreased use of interpersonal ER, which suggests that with age, children learn to regulate their emotions, and to use intrapersonal strategies in order to cope with positive as well as negative emotions. On the contrary, expression of temperament appears to be stable during middle childhood, and these results are in agreement with literature. Finally, in a pilot research, we have compared the expression of ER and temperament of 8 boys with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) matched on chronological age with 8 boys with typical development. According to parental reports, children with ASD use less interpersonal ER and present more difficulties to regulate intense emotions (A-RE) in comparison to typical children. Intragroup analysis revealed two patterns of ER in children with ASD. These patterns differ precisely in regards to the intrapersonal ER and A-ER. Association between profiles of ER and different profiles of temperament highlight that temperamental dimension of effortful control is linked to the level of A-ER. As until now the emotional difficulties frequently encountered/reported in children with ASD have never been mentioned in terms of temperament, the results of this thesis present new innovative theoretical and practical perspectives
Carton-Buonafine, Coralie. „Architecture génétique des troubles du spectre autistique dans les îles Féroé“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC117/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. ASD affects approximately one in 68 individuals. They usually occur during the first three years of life but, in some cases, symptoms are recognized later, when social demands increase. There is a strong genetic component to ASD, as indicated by the recurrence risk in families and twin studies. However, the genetic architecture of ASD remains largely unknown because of its extreme heterogeneity. It is very challenging to identify, for each patient, the combination of risk alleles. Our laboratory identified the first genetic pathway associated with ASD – the NLGN-NRXN-SHANK pathway – playing a key role in synaptogenesis during development. There are an increasing number of genes associated with ASDs but few studies have been conducted on epidemiological cohorts and isolated populations. Here, we investigated 357 individuals from the Faroe Islands including 36 patients with ASD, 136 of their relatives and 185 non-ASD controls. Data from SNP array and whole exome sequencing revealed that patients had a higher burden of copy-number variants, higher inbreeding status, higher load of homozygous deleterious mutations, and a higher ASD polygenic risk score compared to controls. We confirmed the role of several ASD-associated loci (NRXN1, ADNP, 22q11 deletion) and identified new truncating (GRIK2, ROBO1, NINL and IMMP2L) or recessive variants (KIRREL3 and CNTNAP2) affecting genes already associated with ASD. We have also identified three novel candidate genes playing key roles in synaptic plasticity (RIMS4, KALRN and PLA2G4A) carrying deleterious de novo mutations in patients without intellectual disability. Overall, for 11% of individuals with ASD, a known genetic cause was identified, for 39% at least one strongly deleterious mutation was identified in a compelling candidate gene and for 50% no obvious genetic cause was detected. In summary, our study provides a better understanding of the genetic architecture of ASD in isolated populations by highlighting both the impact of common and rare variants but also by revealing the role of new genes for ASD. These genes code for proteins that are essential for neurodevelopment. The identification of these factors involved in synapse formation and maintenance could provide new leads to better understand the biological basis of ASD and find novel therapeutic strategies. However, it is necessary to further understand the combined impact of different mutations on neuronal function in order to better characterize the genetic architecture of ASD
Infante, Françoise. „Développement linguistique et particularités motrices et sensorielles chez l'enfant avec trouble du spectre autistique : utilisation des tablettes numériques“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere is currently little data on the contribution of digital technology to language development in children with ASD. A research study was conducted over the course of 24 months among 20 children aged between 6 and 16 years to evaluate the language evolution and the sensory and motor characteristics. The digital tablet offered as a weekly individual intervention had a positive effect on language development and helped improve adaptive behaviors on a daily basis. The proposal for digital workshops based on 4 digital educational curriculum following on a bottom-up model, i.e. targeting the learning of phonology to vocabulary, semantics, syntax and pragmatics, promotes the linguistic and developmental progression of children. These results support a positive correlation between a progression of language and the evolution of adaptive behaviors in everyday life and in favor of a beneficial and significant contribution of digital in the cognitive interventions for children with ASD
Boisgontier, Jennifer. „Corrélats anatomo - fonctionnels de la vulnérabilité aux troubles du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders highly heritable.In parallel, the underconnectivity theory of ASD assumes that fronto-posterior brain disconnectivity is at the core of its pathophysiology. Our goal was to assess long-range structural and functional connectivity in unaffected parents of subjects with ASD to better understand the contributions of familial factors to heightened risk of ASD. We performed a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) based whole brain tractography to compare generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) in the main deep long white matter tracts in 85 adults: 39 unaffected parents, 18 probands compared to 28 controls. After corrections for multiple comparisons, we identified a significant decrease in gFA in the bilateral inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in both probands with ASD and unaffected parents when compared to controls. To understand the functional implication of fronto – occipital anatomical disconnectivity, we assessed the functional connectivity between the regions linked by IFOF exhibiting significant alterations in gFA. We also showed that both probands and unaffected parents exhibited a significantly increased functional connectivity between the frontal and occipital regions linked by the IFOF. In order to better understand and extend this interesting results, to evaluate the global functional connectivity of our sample in order to be able to interpret the increase of fronto-occipital functional connectivity would be an important perspective. These findings highlight an altered fronto-occipital connectivity in subjects with ASD and unaffected parents suggesting that fronto-occipital disconnectivity may be an endophenotype of ASD
Bennabi, Meriem. „Caractéristiques immunogénétiques et immuno-inflammatoires des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA)“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in communication and social interactions, and by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and exhibiting a constant increase in terms of prevalence. Affecting ages ranging from the early post-natal period to adulthood, ASD are clinically heterogeneous and often associated with psychiatric and somatic comorbidities underlying, in part, by immune dysfunctions. In this context, we thus focused our attention on the analysis of immunogenetic and immunological characteristics potentially implicated in the disease risk and/or in the modulation their clinical phenotype. More precisely, we evaluated the potential implication of the genetic diversity of molecules involved in innate (PRR, CLR, Dectin-1) and adaptive (HLA) immune responses in disease risk. We then analyzed the phenotypic and functional characteristics of Natural Killer cells in patients with ASD, investigating their influence on the permanent inflammatory state often reported in ASD settings.On the immunogenetic point of view, we found that the genetic diversity of Dectin-1 (CLEC7A), a candidate selected because of its involvement in the modulation of intestinal microbial disorders, was associated with Asperger syndrome, a clinical form of ASD. We observed that the CLEC7A genotype rs2078178 GG and the rs2078178 / rs16910631 GG /GG haplotype were not only more frequent in Asperger but also associated with IQ scores.In terms of HLA diversity, we identified a risk haplotype (HLA-DRB1 * 11-DQB1 * 07) and a protective haplotype (HLA-DRB1 * 17-DQB1 * 02). The risk haplotype was also found to be associated with disease’s severity as reflected by unfavorable scores in the psychiatric clinical scales tested.In the second part of this thesis, we explored the phenotypic and functional modifications of CD3-CD56 + NK cells in patients with high-functioning autism. We observed a permanent cell activation state concomitant with spontaneous degranulation capacity, sustained IFN-? production and cellular hypofunction /exhaustion after in vitro stimulation. In addition, we identified a specific cluster of NK cells, based on the HLA-DR, NKG2C, and KIR2DL1 parameters, and we observed an unexpected increase of NK NKG2C + cells in ASD subjects independent of CMV infection. Finally, we observed that the expression of KIR2DL1 and HLA-DR were respectively correlated with the scores of IQ and those evaluating the CCA-LS and SAWR scales.Taken together, these data could contribute to a better knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the immune system in ASD and consequently to a better categorization of the groups of patients likely to benefit from targeted immunological therapeutic strategies
Gaboriau, Rénald. „Les ateliers Rob'Autisme : Le robot extension comme médiation thérapeutique auprès des personnes présentant un trouble du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of robots as a therapeutic mediator for peolple with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a topic which tends to develop. Indeed, it is a promising method to promote the development of social skills. Many experiments are carried out currently. But in all existing approaches, the companion robot paradigm is used : the robot is programmed to present some pre-established behaviors. Rob’Autism Project propose an alternative approach : the robot is used as an extension for doing or talking things. The autistic subjects program it and therefore act on the social environment freely. This project includes ideas that they will be able to interact with the others without the robot. This thesis aims to understand the interest of this approach and asses the effects of participation on the social interactions. During two years, groups have been set up and analyzed with quantitative and qualitative methods. These analysis show that this approach favors the tendency to go towards the others and interact with them. This result is generalized outside the group
Bitar, Tania. „Etude épidémiologique, génétique et métabolomique des Troubles du Spectre Autistique au Liban“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3307/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is multifactorial involving a strong genetic component as well as environmental factors. To date, there is no biomarker facilitating early diagnosis of ASD to improve patient management and outcomes. In addition, the physiopathological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Most studies on ASD have been conducted in Western populations. Thus, we wanted to study a group of Lebanese patients with ASD. Our objectives focus around three aspects: 1) The identification of environmental risk factors in order to better understand the pathology. The results of this study showed that several factors such as consanguinity, stress during pregnancy and prematurity appear to be risk factors. 2) The identification of structural variations in the genome of children with ASD in order to evaluate the contribution of CNV by high resolution CGH array approach. This study allowed us to identify new genes in ASD as well as to confirm the presence of regions and genes already cited in previous ASD studies. 3) The identification of metabolites and associated metabolic pathways to provide biomarkers for early diagnosis and to better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. New metabolites have been identified and we have confirmed variations already mentioned in the literature concerning certain metabolites that could represent robust markers of the disease
Chrétien-Vincent, Myriam. „Application d'un programme d'activités vestibulo-proprioceptives avec des élèves présentant un trouble du spectre autistique intégrés en classe régulière“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25954.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) face many obstacles in their daily lives, including processing sensory stimulations in their environment. As children are more frequently included in typical school setting, interventions to increase their social participation must be found. A lot of sensory interventions are known by occupational therapists. A systematic review of original researches concerning the use of sensory modalities for children with ASD was conducted to evaluate their effectiveness and to define the different approaches. Only studies from the year 2000 were considered. Following this, efficacy of a sensorimotor program named SPIFE (Stimulations Proprioceptives pour l’Intégration et le Fonctionnement de l’Élève) was measured with seven children with ASD at the beginning of their elementary scholarship in regular groups. Results show some positive effects of the SPIFE, mostly to increase arousal of students in the classroom.
Hilaire, Ralph Dama. „Synthèse de sept programmes d’intervention éducative visant l’acquisition d’habiletés sociales chez les personnes ayant un trouble du spectre autistique (TSA)“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30672.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilbert, Elsa. „La mémoire épisodique et le fonctionnement social dans les troubles du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28214/28214.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDellapiazza, Florine. „Etude du traitement atypique de l’information sensorielle dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme à partir de la cohorte ELENA : impact et spécificité“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAtypical sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder, data from ELENA cohort: impact and specificity.The overall goal of this thesis in developmental psychology is to study atypical sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder. The observation of the early detection of atypical sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder raises questions about their impact on their development. This work consisted initially to conduct an analysis of the literature through a systematic review on the links between atypical sensory processing and adaptive functioning and attention. Then, we conducted two studies based on data from a pediatric cohort on autism spectrum disorder, the ELENA Cohort. The first study aimed to investigate the impact of atypical sensory processing on adaptive functioning as well as the presence of maladaptive behaviors. That is the reason why, we examine the specific character of atypical sensory processing in a sample of 197 children with autistic disorder. Therefore, the aim of our second study was to compare sensory processing in four groups of children: 43 children with autism spectrum disorder, 28 children with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, 18 children presenting both diagnosis, and 31 typically developing children. The results reveal a high prevalence of atypical sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder and in those with attention deficit compared to typical children. We find a significant relationship between atypical sensory processing and adaptive functioning and with attention, as well as an impact on maladaptive behaviors. Consequently, the assessment of sensory processing is essential for the clinical diagnosis but also to propose adapted interventions. Finally, this thesis opens up research perspectives on sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders.Key words: Autism spectrum disorder, Sensory processing, Attention deficit disorder, Adaptive functioning, Developmental psychology, Attention
Baduel, Sophie. „Du dépistage à la confirmation du diagnostic de trouble du spectre autistique : dispositif, outils et suivi du développement en population tout venant“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996883.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBordes, Loïc. „Activité hippocampique associée aux stimuli sociaux chez la souris Shank3 modèle des Troubles du Spectre Autistique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) form a widespread neurodevelopmental disease affecting about 1% of the population. Core symptoms displayed by patients are medium to severe deficits in social interaction, limited center of interest, repetitive behavior as well as intellectual and/or cognitive deficiencies. Recent progress in human genetics enabled the identification of several susceptibility genes; many of them share common and prominent roles in the synapse. Deletion and de novo mutations of the SHANK3 gene have been associated in humans with severe forms of ASD, yet, the functional consequences of these mutations on behavioral disturbances remain largely unexplained. Mice carrying SHANK3 exon-21 deletion (Shank3(ΔC/ΔC)) display social deficits and significant neurophysiological alterations such as synaptic abnormalities, in particular in the hippocampus, a place of intense neuroplasticity during development and learning and memory process. Interestingly, even though hippocampal vulnerability has been recently highlighted as a key factor in ASD, and given its suggested role in social memory, the functional link between synaptic structural alterations and (social) behavioral impairments in ASD has not yet been elucidated. It is even unclear whether and how the Hippocampus, best known for its critical role in spatial navigation (e.g. “place cell” activity creating spatial maps) and episodic memory, can also process social information. Hence, we examined if and how hippocampal place cells in normal mice respond to social stimuli during different social experiments, and the extent to which place cell firings are altered in Shank3(ΔC/ΔC) mice. Our data demonstrate that hippocampal place cell activity of wild-type animals can be significantly modulated by the presence of congeners in the nearby environment. Notably, place cells display global remapping when the mouse is exposed to a novel animal in a blocked/fixed location in both wild-type and Shank3(ΔC/ΔC) mice. However, some of the processes observed were significantly modified in mice lacking Shank3. These elements show that the hippocampus may play a crucial role in the creation of meaningful representations of experiences, associating spatial, contextual and social information, and these processes might be altered in ASD, possibly leading to cognitive inflexibility. The SHANK3 gene deletion also produced significant changes in network behavior, excitation/inhibition balance in addition to fundamental behaviors such as sleep, suggesting the importance of its physiological roles in ASD-associated phenotypes
Huguet, Guillaume. „Identification de facteurs génétiques impliqués dans les troubles du spectre autistique et de la dyslexie“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect 1% of the general population. These disorders are characterized by deficits in social communication as well as stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Several genes involved in the determination of ASD have been identified, such as NLGN3-4, NRXN1-3 and SHANK1-3. In the previous years, ASD have been considered as a complex set of monogenic disorders. Recent studies on the complete genome nevertheless suggest the presence of modifier genes ("multiple hits model"). Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties in learning to read and write. It affects 5-15 % of the general population. Genetic factors involved remain unknown. Only candidate genes or loci have been identified. My thesis had two main objectives: pursuing the identification of genetic factors involved in ASD, and discovering a first genetic factor for dyslexia. I therefore studied two types of populations: on the one hand a group of patients with ASD (N > 600) from France, Sweden and the Faroe Islands, and on the other hand another group of patients with dyslexia (N > 200) from France, and more specifically a family of 11 people followed over 3 generations. I used both Illumina microarrays technology (600K and 5M) and the complete human genome sequencing to conduct linkage and association analyses. Regarding ASD, CNVs (copy number variants) analyses allowed me to confirm the association of several synaptic genes with autism and to identify new candidate genes. In particular, the study of a population of 30 patients from the Faroe Islands confirmed the involvement of NLGN1 and NRXN1 genes in autism and identified a new candidate gene, IQSEC3. At the same time, I explored PRRT2 located in 16p11.2. PRRT2 encodes a member of the synaptic SNARE complex that allows the release of synaptic vesicles. I have not been able to demonstrate any association with ASD, but I showed that this gene, which is important for some neurological diseases, was under different selection pressures according to the population considered. Regarding dyslexia, I realized a linkage analysis (lod-score method) for a large family of 11 individuals, with three generations affected. This study identified the CNTNAP2 gene as a vulnerability factor for dyslexia. This finding is important because this gene is also associated with ASD. Nevertheless, none of the 20 rare variations discovered by whole genome sequencing is localized in the coding parts of the gene. Only several variations localized in regulatory regions are robust candidates. To conclude, my findings enabled the identification of new candidate genes for ASD, the confirmation of the role of synaptic genes in this disorder, and the highlight for the first time of the role of CNTNAP2 in dyslexia through linkage analysis
Carlier, Sophie. „Validation d'un nouvel outil de dépistage des troubles du spectre autistique: l'Autism Discriminative Tool (ADT)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/266443.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
création d'un outil de dépistage novateur dans le champs de l'autisme
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Amestoy, Anouck. „La perception des visages dans la population typique et les Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22110/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism Spectrum disorders (ASD) are pervasive development disorders characterised by social and communication impairments co-occurring with stereotyped behaviours and restricted interests. One of the possible explanation for difficulties in social interactions and communication observed in people with ASD, is abnormalitiy in face scanning and processing. The role of exposure and experience in face processing have to be highlighted in the issue of atypical development. We first explored in two experiments, the rôle of exposure in the memory of very familiar faces. Secondly in the present work, we developped an original method to perform off-line analysis using a spatial normalization of faces and spatial statistic analysis to respond to methodological biais and to investigate face scanning and routines in exploration of various type of faces. Three studies were performed on 4 different groups. First we we investigated in two different studies, the typical and atypical developmental aspect of sensitivity to the orientation of familiar faces, refferring to « the mere exposure » hypothesis, by asking 38 typical adults, 72 typical children from 3 to 12 years old then 14 adults and 13 children with ASD to make a preference choice between standard and mirror images of themselves and of familiar faces, presented side-by-side or successively. Secondly, we proposed to 26 typical Adults, 14 typical Children, 13 high-functioning adults and 14 high-functionning children with ASD to perform an eye tracking experiment using 3 sets of 20 pictures that included neutral unknown faces, neutral familiar faces, avatar faces, robots faces and animal faces. Spatial analysis using Dirichley tessellation method was used. Only the fixations that were statistically significant (p<0.05) were taken into account. Results of the first 2 experiments suggest the occurrence of a typical developmental process in the perception of familiar face asymmetries which are retained in memory related to expérience, for typical subjects and ASD subjects. Our eye tracking experiment results show differences between the four groups for unfamiliar faces condition, suggesting developmental and pathological effects regarding the scanning strategies (sequences) and fixation time for eyes and mouth. In contrast, our results suggest a clear developmental but light pathological effect in the familiar face condition. Adults of both groups show a face scanning strategy similar to the one used in human face exploration when looking at human-like faces (avatar and robots) but not animal faces. No specific scanning pattern was found when exploring non human faces in both child groups. Our results show that adults and children use specific sequential scanning strategy for exploring human facial stimuli. This sequential analysis is present only in adults for non human face stimuli. Our results support the hypothesis that both developmental and pathological processes take place for human face scanning and human-like faces but not animals faces. Familiar faces scanning show specificity compared to unfamiliar faces. This should be taken into account to develop new assessment and training methods in the context of atypical developmental disorder
Belley, Stéphanie. „Les effets de l'accompagnement du technicien en éducation spécialisée sur les interactions sociales d'un élève présentant un trouble du spectre autistique au préscolaire“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo this day, in Quebec, it is estimated that one in every 115 children is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Noiseux, 2011). Along with the current context of their steady increase, the number of those who are integrated into a regular classroom continues to grow. Given their distinct needs, schools tend to favor the presence of a Special Education Assistant (TES) in the regular classroom in order to support students in developing their autonomy and learning (SRSEAS, 2007). In despite of the initial objectives and the individual intervention of the TES, a review of the literature revealed adverse effects that may be associated with excessive student management, which may accentuate differences between peers and them. This paper presents the results of a descriptive study to illuminate the individual support practices of the special education technician when working with preschool students with ASD in order to gain a better understanding of these practices. The results also look at the effects of these practices on the evolution of the social interactions of the students targeted during a school year. These results provide specific guidance to school boards to promote the academic and social success of students with ASD integrated in the regular classroom.
Oubrahim, Leïla. „Comportements agressifs réactifs et proactifs et du jugement moral chez des enfants et adolescents présentant une déficience intellectuelle associée ou non à un trouble du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD work investigates the characteristics of aggressive behavior in people with intellectual disability (ID), with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To do this, we have validated two American Aggressive Behavior Rating Scales, "Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive / Proactive" (Famer & Aman, 2009) and "Behavior Problem Inventory-S". (Rojahn et al., 2012). The results showed good psychometric properties. This allowed us to identify different hetero and auto-aggressive behaviors depending on presence or absence of ASD in the ID. Finally, the study of moral development is relevant to better understand the etiology of aggressive behavior in ID people. Indeed, the results have shown difficulties in the treatment of information (Intent - Consequence) of an event
Detraux, Bérangère. „Implication des neurones striatopallidaux et striatonigraux dans le comportement sexuel et les troubles du spectre autistique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253930.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Pilorge, Marion. „Caractérisation des CNV dans les troubles du spectre autistique : identification de nouveaux gènes et analyses fonctionnelles“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066777.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaida, Obélia. „Physiopathologie des déficits moteurs dans les troubles du spectre autistique : approche neuroanatomique dans deux modèles environnementaux“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2305/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disabilities that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. The complex etiology is currently unknown and does not allow to develop new therapeutical strategies. The aim of this thesis was to identify the neuronal network involved in motor symptoms and propose new diagnostic tools and new therapeutical approaches focusing this linkage. We anatomically investigated the different regions responsible for motor control: the cerebellum, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the striatum and the motor cortex. This study has been performed using two environmental mouse models, prenatally exposed to either an anticonvulsant drug: the valproic acid, either an immunostimulant mimicking a viral infection: the polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid.Our results have indicated restricted neuronal losses in the cerebellum and in the motor cortex, which were model- and sex-dependent. These data also point out the heterogeneity found according to the different syndromes and the sex ratio in patients. Furthermore, we have also shown that the neuronal loss could be associated to as well the motor and the social deficits. Interestingly, these brain regions could be used as therapeutical target to reverse both ASD symptoms
Godin, Julie. „Interventions visant à améliorer l'engagement ludique dans les interactions sociales des enfants d'âge préscolaire présentant un Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA) : une "scoping study"“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePreschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience significant difficulties engaging in meaningful play. Enabling their playful engagement in social interactions, the foundation of social play, is an important objective for occupational therapists. However, little is known about which interventions promote this competency. This thesis presents the results of a conceptual clarification exercise in which several key behaviors associated with the construct of playful engagement in preschool-aged children with ASD were identified, plus the results of a scoping study which revealed a considerable number and variety of strategies as well as intervention approaches that are coherent with the promotion of playful engagement. These results provide specific guidance to occupational therapists about how to promote the meaningful social interactions of young children with ASD and provide different strategies that may be embedded by parents in their daily interactions with their children. Several directions for future research are presented.
Jochaut-Roussillon, Delphine. „Analyse comparée de la pathologie du traitement temporel auditif dans les troubles du spectre autistique et la dyslexie“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066723/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aimed to better understand two language disorders : those associated with autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia. Recent advances indicate how cortical collective neural behaviour intervene in speech segmentation and decoding. Cortical oscillations allow integration temporal windows at syllabic (4-7 Hz) and phonemic (25-35 Hz) time scale, resulting in chunking continuous speech signal into linguistically relevant units. We measured slow fluctuations of rhythmic cortical activity and their topography in healthy subjects, in subjects with autism spectrum disorder and in dyslexic subjects using combined fMRI and EEG. We showed that the sensitivity to syllabic and phonemic density is atypical in dyslexia and in autism. In autism gamma and theta activity do not engage synergistically in response to speech. Theta activity in left auditory cortex fails to track speech modulations and to down-regulate gamma oscillations that encode speech acoustic details. The language disorder in autism results from an altered coupling of slow and fast oscillations that disrupts the temporal organization of the speech neural code. In dyslexia, theta activity is not altered and theta-paced readout of gamma activity is preserved, enabling the phonemic decoding, even atypical (faster). In both pathologies, auditory oscillatory anomalies lead to atypical oscillation-based connectivity between auditory and other language cortices
Bernard, Carline. „La perception auditive et le développement linguistique chez les individus neurotypiques, présentant un trouble du spectre autistique, ou ayant le syndrome de Williams : le rôle de la prosodie“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB188/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis was to explore the linguistic prosody perception at different processing levels (from a purely acoustic low-level processing to a more abstract and linguistic level), in three different populations: neurotypical participants, participants with Autism Spectrum Disorders and participants with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Linguistic prosody carries lexical, morphosyntactic and pragmatic informations in all languages of the worlds. The acoustical prosody properties (duration, intensity, and pitch variations) are easily available in the speech input, unless other more abstract structural properties that are related to it. For this reason, prosody processing plays a crucial role during language acquisition, by bootstrapping the acquisition of those abstract properties. Prosody perception and its role during language acquisition is more and more understood in typical development. By contrast, very little is known about atypical development. Two groups are particularly interesting because they present relatively opposite linguistic profiles: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS). Individuals with ASD are known to have qualitative alteration of communication (of up to ¿l¿absence quasi-totale de langage¿) and social interaction. By contrast, people with WS have a relatively well-developed language and good social communication skills: their language abilities (phonology, morphology, syntax) are relatively preserved, although their perception and production often appear to be atypical. For this reason, comparing these two populations allows us on one hand to test contrasted predictions and on the other hand to ask deficit specificities questions. The aim of the thesis was thus to draw the whole area between low-level acoustic perception and prosodic linguistic features. This project was divided into three main parts. First, we measured auditory discrimination thresholds (Exp.1). Second, we tested prosodic pattern preference in contact with native language (iambic-trochaic law, ITL) (Exp.2&3). Third, we investigated discrimination abilities and preference in a phrasal domain (bootstrapping mechanism) (Exp.4). To this end, we met more than 470 participants (of which more than 170 ASD participants and 17 WS participants), aged from 3 to 60 years old. Results support and complete literature for typical development: first we confirm the developmental pattern for discrimination thresholds and their improvement with age, in French-speaking participants (Exp.1); second, we confirm that French-speaking children, adolescents and adults are ITL sensitive (Exp.2&3). Furthermore, we evidence a bootstrapping mechanism language-dependent, showing a frequency-based phrases discrimination more than a prosody-based words discrimination (Exp.4). In addition, our results bring to light a different prosody perception in our two atypical populations. Indeed, individuals with ASD having autism (not Asperger syndrome) seem to have higher discrimination thresholds compared to typical controls (Exp.1). Moreover, only individuals with Asperger syndrome seem to be ITL sensitive for duration (the more relevant prosodic cue for language acquisition in French), unless participants with others ASD and participants with WS. This thesis thus bring new data concerning typical development in a large age sample, and contribute in the understanding of the origin of the atypical language development found in some populations
Bouvet, Lucie. „Traitement musical dans les troubles du spectre autistique : déficit du traitement global ou surfonctionnement des traitements perceptifs ?“ Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747457.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMattard-Labrecque, Carolanne, und Carolanne Mattard-Labrecque. „Association entre les habiletés motrices et de traitement de l'information sensorielle et les comportements adaptatifs chez les enfants avec un trouble du spectre autistique de haut niveau (TSA-HN) ou un trouble du déficit de l'attention et hyperactivité (TDAH)“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’association entre les diagnostics de trouble du spectre autistique de haut niveau (TSA-HN) et de trouble du déficit de l’attention et hyperactivité (TDAH) est fréquente, bien qu’il s’agisse de diagnostics mutuellement exclusifs. Les études comparatives des habiletés sensorielles, motrices et adaptatives auprès de ces deux clientèles sont rares. L’étude visait à comparer les habiletés sensori-motrices et les comportements adaptatifs des enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA-HN + TDAH avec ceux ayant un TDAH ou un TSA-HN seul, et à déterminer l’association entre les habiletés sensori-motrices et l’autonomie. Trente-quatre enfants, âgés de 5 à 14 ans (TSA-HN+TDAH : 13, TDAH : 17, TSA-HN : 4) ont été évalués avec le Profil sensoriel, le Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd editition (BOT-II) et l’Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 2nd edition (ABAS-II). Les enfants avec un TSA-HN+TDAH présentent plus d’atteintes sensorielles, motrices et adaptatives que ceux avec un TDAH. Le niveau d’autonomie est corrélé avec de meilleures habiletés sensorielles et motrices. Des interventions adaptées aux déficits sensori-moteurs permettraient potentiellement d’améliorer l’autonomie de ces enfants.
The association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) is frequent even though they are considered as mutually exclusive diagnosis. Studies comparing sensory, motor and adaptive skills between these two diagnoses are rare. The study aimed to compare sensory processing, motor skills, and adaptive behaviors in children with a diagnosis of HFASD + ADHD to children with HFASD or ADHD alone, and to determine the relation between sensorymotor skills and adaptive behaviors. Thirty-four children, aged 5-14 years (HFASD + ADHD: n = 13, ADHD: = 17, HFASD: n=4) were evaluated with the Sensory profile, BOT-II and ABAS-II. Compared to children with ADHD alone, children with HFASD + ADHD had poorer sensory processing, motor skills and adaptive behaviors. For all children, increased autonomy in self-care was correlated with better sensory and motor skills. Interventions aiming to improve sensory and motor skills could help to increase autonomy in self-care.
The association between attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) is frequent even though they are considered as mutually exclusive diagnosis. Studies comparing sensory, motor and adaptive skills between these two diagnoses are rare. The study aimed to compare sensory processing, motor skills, and adaptive behaviors in children with a diagnosis of HFASD + ADHD to children with HFASD or ADHD alone, and to determine the relation between sensorymotor skills and adaptive behaviors. Thirty-four children, aged 5-14 years (HFASD + ADHD: n = 13, ADHD: = 17, HFASD: n=4) were evaluated with the Sensory profile, BOT-II and ABAS-II. Compared to children with ADHD alone, children with HFASD + ADHD had poorer sensory processing, motor skills and adaptive behaviors. For all children, increased autonomy in self-care was correlated with better sensory and motor skills. Interventions aiming to improve sensory and motor skills could help to increase autonomy in self-care.
Quartier, Angelique. „Etudes des mécanismes à l'origine de l'excès de garçons dans la déficience intellectuelle et les troubles du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) with many genetic and phenotypic overlaps. Another common feature is the existence of a gender bias, very strong for ASD (4 males for 1 female) and notable for ID (1.4:1). In our team, the diagnostic yield of patients affected by ID with or wihout ASD is significantly higher in girls than in boys. Surprisingly, we did not observe a significant difference between girls and boys in the proportion of pathogenic mutations on the X chromosome (5.3% versus 7.6%), confirming that rare and fully penetrant mutations on this chromosome can not explain the totality this male bias observed in ID and ASD. We have therefore chosen to study another hypothesis, more environmental, which could make the male brain more susceptible to develop NDD: the role of androgens during brain development. I studied the effect of these male hormones in human neuronal precursors (hNSCs) and observed that androgens increase the proliferation of hNSCs and protect them against cell death under stressful conditions. I also showed that androgens, via their receptor (the androgen receptor), regulate a hundred genes in hNSCs with, among them, an enrichment of genes known to be differentially expressed in individuals with ASD (e.g NRCAM and FAM107A). The regulation of these genes by androgens during brain development could thus contribute to the increased sensitivity of the male brain, exposed to other genetic and environmental factors, to develop an NDD
Evrard, Mélanie. „Éveil musical et communication orale : présentation de trois études de cas menées auprès d'enfants d'âge préscolaire présentant un trouble du spectre autistique dans leur milieu familial“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27975.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrently, in the province of Québec, Canada, 90 to 120 out of 10,000 individuals have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The literature contains many different definitions of ASD. Despite communication challenges, individuals with ASD show strengths in terms of receptive language, and particularly auditory processing. According to many authors, children with ASD find it easier to process nonverbal stimuli (e.g., musical sounds) than verbal stimuli (e.g., language). Moreover, autistic children appear to have exceptional innate musical abilities. Music education is therefore a promising avenue for promoting language abilities in preschoolers with ASD. However, to our knowledge, only three music education studies to date have addressed autistic preschoolers. Yet, the results show improved communication abilities. However, none of these studies examined social interactions. Furthermore, they used varied music techniques (musical instruments, melodies, or rhythms), and they did not consider a global music education program that takes into account the specific development and identity of autistic children. Further studies are needed to validate and build on these findings. The present study aimed to identify profiles of children’s daily oral communication behaviors in the family environment. A second objective was to determine the effects of a music program on the children’s music perception, expressive language, receptive language, and language use. To do so, we used a mixed research design (pre- and post-tests before and after the program). Three families (N=3) with an ASD child were recruited. Because Alexis (5 years old) was nonverbal, his profile differed significantly from those of the two other children (4 years old), and the three profiles were heterogeneous. Nicky demonstrated very echolalic language, and Julien was a high potential autistic child with hyperlexia and social interaction difficulties. Before and after the music program, each child was assessed with standardized music and language tests. Observation sessions were conducted and interviews were held with parents. After 14 music education sessions, the results showed positive effects on all three children. Nicky improved in musical perception and quantitatively decreased his echolalia. Julien qualitatively developed his social interactions with other children and his narrative memory. Alexis acquired music knowledge, which improved his vocal production, and he increased his vocabulary exponentially. General music ability results were obtained for all the children and all results were collected. Future research directions are proposed.
Streff, Caroline. „Intervention motrice effectuée dans le cadre du programme d'intervention comportementale intensive (ICI), chez des enfants de 3 à 6 ans ayant un trouble du spectre autistique“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6939/1/030586106.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiesa, Morgane. „Term or preterm cesarean section delivery does not lead to long-term detrimental consequences in mice“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0180/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCesarean section (C-section) is an alternative mode of delivery which is recommended when the mother or the fetus’ life might be endangered by natural childbirth. In recent years, epidemiological studies have reported that C-section delivery might increase the probability to develop disorders such as autism. However, these reports remain controversial due to the numerous factors involved in birth by C-section. To tackle this issue, we used mice delivered by C-section and looked at parameters associated with autism. We evaluated sociability, communication and repetitive behaviors in our mice and found that C-section only induces transient and early modifications in their communication. Also, we did not find changes in brain activity, even if small temporal morphological alterations were present after C-section. Therefore, C-section delivery leads to short-term modifications that are not sufficient to induce autism
Rontani, Pauline. „Caractérisation du long ARN non codant COSMOC dérégulé dans les troubles du spectre autistique : une approche transcriptomique sur cellules souches olfactives humaines“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0770.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism is a heterogeneous neuro-developmental syndrome with a complex genetic etiology. In order to unveil the initial disturbances responsible for this brain maldevelopment, previous works in our team relied on cells representative of the early stages of ontogenesis: olfactory stem cells. The MOCOS gene, coding for molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, was found under-expressed in most of autistic patients of our cohort when compared with age- and gender-matched control adults without any neuropsychiatric disorders. We postulated that the meticulous dissection of the molecular mechanisms involved this deregulation would help to unveil pathogenic mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This led to the identification of COSMOC, a long non-coding RNA, generated from a divergent transcription in the promoter region of MOCOS, whose expression is decreased in 10 out of 11 autistic patients in our cohort. Using various molecular biological techniques (interference RNA, DNA microarray, qPCR...), we showed that COSMOC depletion induces: (1) an under-expression of MOCOS, (2) a destabilization of chromatin organization, suggesting a transcriptional regulatory function, and (3) an alteration of cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis, two deregulated pathways in ASD. In addition, COSMOC regulates the expression of PTBP2 (polypirimidine track biding protein 2), a splicing factor that controls the expression of many synaptic proteins, including PSD95. In conclusion, the deregulation of COSMOC may explain some of the dysfunctions observed in ASDs
Ferhat, Allain-Thibeault. „Study on the neurobiological bases of autism spectrum disorders : behavioural and molecular characterisation of Shank3 mutant mice“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/FERHAT_Allain_Thibeault_va2.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders characterized by alterations in social interactions and communications as well as stereotyped behaviours and restricted interests. Mutations in genes coding synaptic proteins are strongly associated with ASD and more specifically SHANK3, encoding for a scaffolding protein in the post-synaptic density of glutamatergic synapses. The aim of the present PhD thesis is to characterise a mouse model deleted for exon 11 in Shank3 and to better understand the brain regions affected by this mutation. We characterised the mice at the behavioural level (a longitudinal study between three and twelve months of age) and at the molecular level (transcriptome analysis using mRNA sequencing). At three months of age, we observed a decreased locomotor activity, increased stereotyped behaviour and increased social motivation during free interaction in Shank3-/- mice compared to Shank3+/+ mice. When testing animals at 3, 8, and 12 months of age, we noticed a worsening of the phenotype in Shank3-/- mice while ageing, especially in self-grooming behaviour. When exploring the transcriptomic, we revealed an impairment of gene expression of striatal neurons sensitive to dopamine, the medium spiny neurons, as well as post-synaptic signalling in striatum. Altogether, this project provides a comprehensive characterisation of a mouse model of ASD. It sheds some light on the molecular mechanisms possibly involved in patients with ASD mutated in SHANK3. This insight could reveal new therapeutic approaches targeting the imbalance in dopaminosensitive neurons
Ayanouglou, Fanny. „Évolution de personnes adultes avec autisme et déficience intellectuelle : étude rétrospective“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817991.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFage, Charles. „Conception et Validation Expérimentale d’un Assistant Numérique pour l’Inclusion Scolaire d’Enfants avec Troubles du Spectre Autistique en Classe Ordinaire“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0111/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchool inclusion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) inmainstream classrooms remains dramatically limited in France, even though it hasbeen recognized as critical for socio- professional perspectives. In fact, the atypicalcognitive functioning, associated with socio-adaptive behavior difficulties(communication, social skills, autonomy, etc.), are usually confronted to nor- malizedexpectations in these mainstream environments, such as schools. New technologiescan be seen as promising levers to overcome the barriers of school inclusion.However, despite a plethoric offer of technologies for children with ASD, scientificstudies are lacking to establish their efficacy, as well as the relevance of their design.This work presents the design and validation of mobile applications to support schoolinclusion of children with ASD in mainstream classrooms through three studies. Thefirst study presents design principles for assistive applications addressing schoolroutines and verbal communication activities of children with ASD; these applicationsare to be used in situ. Combining a user-centered approach and pilot clinical research,the second study presents design principles and experimental validation of an emotionregulation application targeting children with ASD in mainstream classroom. Theresults reveal benefits on self-regulation behaviors, as well as underpinning sociocognitiveprocesses. Finally, in across-syndrome approach, the third study presents theresults of a global intervention, based on cognitive assistive and rehabilitationapplications, involving 48 children and supporting the first inclusion in mainstreamclassrooms of children with ASD and children without ASD (with IntellectualDisabilities or learning disabilities). Benefits are reported for both equipped groups interms of socio-adaptive behaviors, social response and socio-cognitive functioning.Larger benefits have been observed for equipped children with ASD, revealing therelevance of Collège+ intervention for this population.A systemic approach to designing and experimenting mobile applications allowed forimprove- ments in socio-adaptive behaviors and socio-cognitive functioning, crucialfor the success of main- stream school inclusion. Such approach seems promising tosupport school inclusion of children with ASD in mainstream classrooms, and offersbroad perspectives by enriching contents, designing new applications as well asexperimenting validation methodologies for mainstream environments
Roche, Laëtitia. „Percevoir l'interaction sociale dans le mouvement humain : études psychophysiologiques du développement typique et dans les troubles du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3323/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSocial interaction is one of the main difficulties for patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). However, the perception of human movement contributes to the development of social behavior and represents a "marker" for the development of social cognition. This eye tracking and pupillometric study aims to characterize the visuospatial attention and cognitive load during perception of social human biological motion (SHM) in 139 typical participants (PaTYP) and 62 patients with ASD (PaTED). In PaTYP, exploration increases for SHM. In PaTED, deficit of the exploration of MHS is correlated with the severity of the global autistic symptomatology. These abnormalities of visuospatial attention in PaTED could reduce their access to social information and participate in social interaction and communication disorders
Hernandez, Mylène. „La germanité au prisme des troubles autistiques“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSiblingship in Europe is a minor part of social studies. Until recently, the subject was overshadowed by alliance and filiation. However, siblingship theoretically represents the lengthiest relation of kin throughout one’s life. It is also immutable and plays a part in the definition of the individual. As a corollary to this apparent indifference, the study of Western siblingship does not constitute a field per se. No unity of theory and methodology exists to bring together the existing research on brothers and sisters. This dissertation, therefore, has two inseparable objectives: to contribute to the definition of an anthropology of siblingship, with an ethnographic analysis of siblingship in contemporary France seen through the prism of autistic spectrum disorders. Two preliminary stages have influenced the implementation of the first objective: (1) understanding how social studies –especially anthropology, law and sociology– have engaged with the topic of brothers and sisters to (2) creating the methodological conditions of an anthropological approach of siblingship. The first two parts of this dissertation deal foremost with these stages. The second objective –understanding siblingship in practice– developed from this hypothesis: the presence of an individual displaying autistic disorders among a group of siblings offered a prism through which the norms and practices of contemporary siblingship could be observed. The third part presents and compares a body of case studies developed during an empirical survey involving interviews and observations. Unlike filiation and alliance, the law does not clearly outline siblingship. There are no legal mutual requirements between siblings. However, forms of moral obligations are undeniably expressed and manifested between siblings, particularly in situations of vulnerability or dependence. This dissertation undertakes a description of the intricate workings of moral obligation within siblingship. It reveals the contradictions upon which siblingship relationships are based in French contemporary kinship and documents how these contradictions are expressed in practice and in emotion in the ordinary exercise of siblingship in the presence of a dependent sibling
Carvalho, Da Silva You Rida Solrac. „Etude de la perception catégorielle des stimuli auditifs et visuels de parole sans contenu émotionnel chez les enfants du Spectre Autistique“. Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe speech perception disorders are mainly implicated in the neuropathology in autism spectrum disorders. However, we do not know exactly what are the mechanisms involved in these disorders during the speech perception development in children with autism. This study examined the categorical perception profile of the speech sounds in auditory and visual modalities in autistics children with and without language delay (High-Functioning Autism (HFA)/Asperger syndrome (AS)). We compared two groups of children diagnosed HFA and AS and one group of typically developed children aged between 9-12 years. We used the behavorial tests like speech categorical perception with the natural and synthetic stimuli (vowels and consonants) in auditory modality, the visual (lip-reading) and audiovisual stimuli with the static and dynamic faces. The results revealed that the HFA have a categorical precision deficit in the identification of vowels and consonants in auditory and visual modalities, and a speech categorical perception deficit, with an allophonic perception. The categorical precision deficit is less marked for the AS children and they do not seem to have allophonic perception. These data suggest a deficit in the maturation of the cerebral regions implicated in the auditory and visual speech processes in children with autism, mainly in HFA children
Degroote, Stéphanie. „Trois expositions environnementales, un trouble : perturbations endocrine, du métabolisme monocarboné, et du microbiote intestinal maternel pendant la gestation déclenchent des phénotypes de type autistique chez le rat de type sauvage“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9604.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabbert, Dorian. „Conséquences de la délétion conditionnelle du gène Tshz3 dans la circuiterie cortico-striée : implications dans les troubles du spectre autistique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe zinc-finger transcription factor TSHZ3 is highly expressed by cortical projection neurons (PNs) from embryonic stages to adulthood, including layer V pyramidal neurons that project to the striatum. There, TSHZ3 is expressed by cholinergic interneurons (CINs) but not by the main targets of PNs, i.e. the medium spiny neurons. Interestingly, recent evidences link heterozygous TSHZ3/Tshz3 gene deletion to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to corticostrial circuitry dysfunction (Caubit et al., Nat Genet 2016). In order to provide further insights on the role of Tshz3 in the corticostriatal circuitry, we have characterized two conditional KO mouse models in which its expression is lost either in projection neurons at early postnatal stage (Tshz3-pnCxKO) or in cholinergic cells beginning at embryonic stage (Tshz3-ChATCre). In Tshz3-pnCxKO mice, we confirmed that Tshz3 expression is lost in glutamatergic PNs without altering their number. Our electrophysiological study revealed that layer V PNs are less excitable and that glutamate release probability from their afferents is decreased. We also found dramatic changes of both corticostriatal synaptic transmission and plasticity. In ChAT-Cre mice, we found that Tshz3 is expressed in the striatum by almost 100% of CINs, while it is little or no expressed in the other cholinergic nuclei of the brain. Interestingly, the loss of Tshz3 impacts the spontaneous firing pattern of a subpopulation of CINs without altering their number. These functional changes suggest that TSHZ3 plays a key role in PNs, corticostriatal pathway and CINs development, supporting its implication in ASD
Longuepee, Lucie. „Autisme et architecture : l'exploration des troubles du spectre autistique en relation avec les paramètres architecturaux de leurs lieux de vie“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research undertaken in this thesis project was to study the possible effects of differentcomponents of the architectural framework on the adaptation of adults with autism, and theclinical expression of their symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Theresearch consisted of an inventory of the main points known on the issue at this time, bothfrom a theoretical point of view (description of the concepts and literature review of existingstudies) and practical (exploratory methodology applied to the field). As our goals were toestablish specific assumptions about the impact of architectural features of the environmenton the clinical condition of people with ASD, a clinical component and an architecturalcomponent were carried out jointly to represent the inter-disciplinarity necessary to meet thecommon and complementary objectives of this research. This manuscript presents themethodology used in the clinical evaluation of adults with ASD who live in healthcare andmedico-social institutions (in France, “Foyers d’Accueil Médicalisé” and “Maison d’AccueilSpécialisée”) and the architectural characterizations protocol of the spaces/time everyday lifein these institutions. We report, in the first instance, the description of the studied populationand the characteristics of the living spaces that are dedicated to it. In a second step, we presentthe results obtained by the conceptualization of multilevel analysis models/multivariate interdisciplinaryof the collected data (N = 21 care institutions, N = 148 residents). We discuss thepossible interpretations formulated in the forms of exploratory hypotheses betweenarchitectural characterization parameters and behavioral and sensory evaluations of adultswith ASD. Finally, we discuss avenues for further research in order to refine ourunderstanding of the environmental factors that can generate and/or attenuate behavioral andsensory processing disorders observed in individuals with ASD
Bermudez-Martin, Patricia. „Perturbations de la périphérie et du microbiote Intestinal dans les Troubles du Spectre Autistique : Le rôle spécifique du p-Crésol“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis mainly focuses on the peripheral anomalies associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), a group of frequent neurodevelopmental pathologies.The first section is devoted to my main thesis work and focuses on the influence of the microbiota and bacterial metabolites in ASD. In autistic patients, deficits in social interaction and repetitive behaviours (stereotypies) are frequently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, abnormal composition of the intestinal flora and abnormal levels of metabolites produced by the microbiota. This suggests that disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis could contribute to the development of ASD. However, the causal link between dysbiosis, microbial metabolites and autistic behaviour remains to be demonstrated. Our working hypothesis is that certain microbial metabolites are mediators of the deleterious effects of the intestinal flora on the behaviours impacted in ASD. We have studied the microbial metabolite para-Cresol (p-Cresol) that is abnormally elevated in ASD patients and produced in particular by Clostridia bacteria that are overabundant in these patients. We have explored in mice the causal relationship between exposure to p-Cresol and the development of autistic behaviours. We have thus shown that mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks display social interaction deficits and stereotypies. These behavioural symptoms specific to ASD are accompanied by a decrease in the excitability of dopaminergic neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA), a brain region key to social reward and known to be deregulated in ASD patients. We also highlighted anomalies in the composition of the microbiota upon p-Cresol exposure, with the abundances of specific microbial taxa correlated with social behaviour deficits. Finally, the restoration of a healthy microbiota by a transfer of microbiota from normal mice to mice exposed to p-Cresol allowed us to restore social behaviour deficits and VTA dopaminergic activity. This study demonstrates a causal relationship between exposure to the microbial metabolite p-Cresol and the development of ASD core behaviours and also a possible therapeutic avenue for ASD through the manipulation of microbiota.The second section of the thesis consists of three articles, to which I have contributed, that explore peripheral phenotypes in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading genetic cause of ASD. The first article addresses the deregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in FXS relying on the Fmr1-KO mouse, the mouse model of FXS, as well as on samples from FXS patients. In the second article, we analysed the impact of Fmr1 gene inactivation on body composition and bone structure in the mouse model of FXS. In the third article, we highlighted anomalies in the profiles of chemokines in the serum of FXS patients, suggesting immune dysfunctions.Overall, my thesis work highlighted peripheral contributions in ASD, and in particular the key role of the microbial metabolite p-Cresol in the development of autistic behaviour
Gaulmyn, Aude de. „Etude des facteurs liés à l'attention conjointe chez de très jeunes enfants présentant un trouble du spectre autistique : régulation visuelle et auditive, désengagement attentionnel, motivation sociale et non sociale“. Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080117.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResearch has shown dysfunctions in visual orientation and audition regulation, attention engagement and control, social and non-social motivation at a very young age in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigated the relations of these factors to joint attention. 50 children with autism spectrum disorder, aged 21 to 50 months, were assessed using a clinical evaluation questionnaire on visual and audition regulation; a grid elaborated for the purpose of this research to quantify child’s social and non-social motivation; a time measurement of engagement and disengagement states. Joint attention scores were obtained with the Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS). Results show: 1. an effect of visual information processing on joint attention. 2. an impact of motivation, when associated to visual regulation, on joint attention. 3. a relation between attention disengagement and joint attention.Our statistical analyses suggest a role of social and non-social motivation in joint attention skills. To our knowledge, seldom clinical evaluations are targeted on motivation skills in relation to joint attention for young children with ASD. These results confirm empirical research, provide additional tools to clinicians for diagnostic, and suggest targets for early intervention
Medjkane, François. „Position autistique, position psychotique : pour une perspective psychopatologique des troubles envahissants du développement de l'enfant“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC087/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom clinical experience of psychiatry practice in a French department for mental health, this work is focused on defining psychopathological specificities which are encountered in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) from described in ICD 10.A literature review from a historical and comprehensive perspective has allowed us to generate a research hypothesis. The autistic position would be correlated with autistic PDD and the psychotic position would be correlated with non-autistic PDD.For this project, we implemented a retrospective study based on a clinical population of children who have been evaluated with standard multidisciplinary assessments, done in the Nord-Pas de Calais’s Centre Resource Autisme.Through different observations, we could support the hypothesis that there is a difference between autistic PDD children and non-autistic PDD children in their affective and emotional relationship with the World.Thanks to this description of psychopathological particularities, this study takes us a step closer to offering each child with PDD the best individual support possible