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WHITE, R. R., und M. D. HANIGAN. „Modelling cross-species feed intake responses to thermal stress“. Journal of Agricultural Science 154, Nr. 1 (05.11.2015): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615001033.
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SUMMARYThe objectives of the current study were to compare and model feed intake responses to ambient temperature across species and to assess opportunities to use cross-species (CS) data to parameterize models when species-specific (SS) data were limited. Literature searches were conducted to identify studies reporting intake during thermal stress compared with thermoneutral (TN) conditions. The resulting data set comprised 614 treatment means from 108 studies on livestock responses to thermal stress. An analysis of variance was conducted with the CS data set to identify the effects of species, temperature and species by temperature interactions on intake as (fractional feed intake; FFI). Four models were derived from the CS data set and root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of these models were compared with models of the same form derived from SS data sets. Models used explanatory variables for (1) duration of exposure; (2) mean temperature; (3) minimum and maximum temperatures; or (4) difference between minimum and maximum temperatures. An additional model accounting for temperature and stage of production was derived from the SS data. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the species by temperature interaction did not have a significant effect on FFI. Across species, intake decreased with temperature. Notably, all species demonstrated a constant decrease in intake across the TN zone indicating the previous assumption of constant intake during thermoneutrality may be not fully valid. When compared on a SS basis, SS-derived models had marginally lower RMSPE and higher CCC when compared with models derived from the CS data sets. The model fit with production data had the lowest RMSPE and highest CCC within the study. When compared over temperature ranges with minimal data available in some species (e.g., cold stress), using CS models often resulted in decreased RMSPE and improved CCC when compared with SS models. Although fitting models based on SS data allows for incorporating unique covariates, like level of production, fitting responses based on CS data can help to improve model estimates when knowledge gaps exist.
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Bard, Brittany, und James D. Kieffer. „The effects of repeat acute thermal stress on the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and physiology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, Nr. 6 (Juni 2019): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0157.
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The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818) is a species of special concern in Canada, but little is known about their thermal biology. Information on the upper thermal tolerance of shortnose sturgeon becomes valuable for predicting future survival particularly with climate change and improving species management. Using a modified critical thermal maximum (CTmax) methodology, the objective is to determine whether previous thermal stress affects the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when exposed to a second thermal stress event. Prior exposure to thermal stress (CTmax1) did not affect the thermal tolerance (CTmax2) of juvenile shortnose sturgeon when a 24 h recovery period was allotted between tests. However, a significant increase in thermal tolerance occurred when the recovery time between the two thermal challenges was 1 h. Plasma glucose, lactate, and osmolality were all significantly affected by thermal stress, but values returned to control levels within 24 h. Hematocrit and plasma chloride concentrations were not significantly affected by thermal stress. All fish survived the CTmax testing. The data indicate that the thermal tolerance of juvenile shortnose sturgeon is modified when multiple thermal stresses occur closer together (1 h) but not if separated by a longer time period (24 h).
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DeVito, Jill, Jesse M. Meik, Marina M. Gerson und Daniel R. Formanowicz, Jr. „Physiological tolerances of three sympatric riparian wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) correspond with microhabitat distributions“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, Nr. 7 (01.07.2004): 1119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-090.
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Coexisting species from the same ecological guild often exhibit different adaptations to discontinuous, abiotic environmental factors. In the laboratory, we compared tolerance to thermal and desiccation stress among three sympatric wolf spiders (Pirata sedentarius Montgomery, 1904, Pardosa lapidicina Emerton, 1885, and Pardosa fuscula Thorell, 1875). In the field, we examined spatial structure across a microhabitat (moisture) gradient in a streamside cobble habitat where these three species are abundant. Female P. sedentarius succumbed more quickly to desiccation stress than females of either Pardosa species. In the absence of thermal stress, desiccation tolerance was high for both Pardosa species. However, P. fuscula appears to be more resistant to combined thermal and desiccation stress than P. lapidicina. These findings correspond with the results of the field survey; the distribution of P. sedentarius was the most restricted (by proximity to the shoreline) among the three species. Contingency analyses also revealed greater relative abundance of P. fuscula than P. lapidicina farther away from the creek. Further examination of spatial structure suggests that neither of these two species was restricted by proximity to the shoreline within the sampling grid.
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Klepac, C. N., und D. J. Barshis. „Reduced thermal tolerance of massive coral species in a highly variable environment“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, Nr. 1933 (19.08.2020): 20201379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1379.
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Coral bleaching events are increasing in frequency and severity, resulting in widespread losses in coral cover. However, branching corals native to highly variable (HV) thermal environments can have higher bleaching resistance than corals from more moderate habitats. Here, we investigated the response of two massive corals, Porites lobata and Goniastrea retiformis , from a moderately variable (MV) and a low variability (LV) pool transplanted into a HV pool on Ofu Island in American Samoa. Paired transplant and native ramets were exposed to an acute thermal stress after 6 and 12 months of exposure to the HV pool to evaluate changes in thermal tolerance limits. For both species, photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll loss following acute heat stress did not differ between ramets transplanted into the HV pool and respective native pool. Moreover, HV native P. lobata exhibited the greatest bleaching susceptibility compared to MV and LV natives and there was no effect of acute heat stress on MV P. lobata . There was also a thermal anomaly during the study, where Ofu's backreef thermal regime surpassed historical records—2015 had 8 degree heating weeks (DHW) and 2016 had up to 5 DHW (in comparison to less than or equal to 3 over the last 10 years)—which may have exceeded the upper thermal limits of HV native P. lobata . These results strongly contrast with other research on coral tolerance in variable environments, potentially underscoring species-specific mechanisms and regional thermal anomalies that may be equally important in shaping coral responses to extreme temperatures.
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Fordyce, Alexander J., Emma F. Camp und Tracy D. Ainsworth. „Polyp bailout in Pocillopora damicornis following thermal stress“. F1000Research 6 (10.08.2017): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11522.2.
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Polyp bailout is an established but understudied coral stress response that involves the detachment of individual polyps from the colonial form as a means of escaping unfavourable conditions. This may influence both the mortality and asexual recruitment of coral genotypes across a range of species. It has been observed in response to numerous stressors including high salinity and low pH. Polyp expulsion in association with thermal stress has once been described in a geographically restricted, temperate species. We therefore cannot reliably apply this observation to tropical coral reefs around the world, which are increasingly under threat from thermal stress events. We present the first qualitative observation of polyp bailout following acute temperature shock in a near-natural mesocosm experiment. Detached polyps show similar characteristics to those described in previous studies, including the retention of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the ability to disperse across short distances. This finding strongly suggests that polyp bailout occurs in tropical coral reef environments and warrants further detailed research into the implication of this response in terms of individual survival, rapid migration into cooler micro-habitats and local recruitment within the reef environment and its coral community.
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Williams, Amanda, Jananan S. Pathmanathan, Timothy G. Stephens, Xiaoyang Su, Eric N. Chiles, Dennis Conetta, Hollie M. Putnam und Debashish Bhattacharya. „Multi-omic characterization of the thermal stress phenome in the stony coral Montipora capitata“. PeerJ 9 (10.11.2021): e12335. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12335.
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Background Corals, which form the foundation of biodiverse reef ecosystems, are under threat from warming oceans. Reefs provide essential ecological services, including food, income from tourism, nutrient cycling, waste removal, and the absorption of wave energy to mitigate erosion. Here, we studied the coral thermal stress response using network methods to analyze transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data generated from the Hawaiian rice coral Montipora capitata. Coral nubbins were exposed to ambient or thermal stress conditions over a 5-week period, coinciding with a mass spawning event of this species. The major goal of our study was to expand the inventory of thermal stress-related genes and metabolites present in M. capitata and to study gene-metabolite interactions. These interactions provide the foundation for functional or genetic analysis of key coral genes as well as provide potentially diagnostic markers of pre-bleaching stress. A secondary goal of our study was to analyze the accumulation of sex hormones prior to and during mass spawning to understand how thermal stress may impact reproductive success in M. capitata. Methods M. capitata was exposed to thermal stress during its spawning cycle over the course of 5 weeks, during which time transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data were collected. We analyzed these data streams individually, and then integrated both data sets using MAGI (Metabolite Annotation and Gene Integration) to investigate molecular transitions and biochemical reactions. Results Our results reveal the complexity of the thermal stress phenome in M. capitata, which includes many genes involved in redox regulation, biomineralization, and reproduction. The size and number of modules in the gene co-expression networks expanded from the initial stress response to the onset of bleaching. The later stages involved the suppression of metabolite transport by the coral host, including a variety of sodium-coupled transporters and a putative ammonium transporter, possibly as a response to reduction in algal productivity. The gene-metabolite integration data suggest that thermal treatment results in the activation of animal redox stress pathways involved in quenching molecular oxygen to prevent an overabundance of reactive oxygen species. Lastly, evidence that thermal stress affects reproductive activity was provided by the downregulation of CYP-like genes and the irregular production of sex hormones during the mass spawning cycle. Overall, redox regulation and metabolite transport are key components of the coral animal thermal stress phenome. Mass spawning was highly attenuated under thermal stress, suggesting that global climate change may negatively impact reproductive behavior in this species.
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Da-Anoy, Jeric, Niño Posadas und Cecilia Conaco. „Interspecies differences in the transcriptome response of corals to acute heat stress“. PeerJ 12 (10.12.2024): e18627. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18627.
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Rising sea surface temperatures threaten the survival of corals worldwide, with coral bleaching events becoming more commonplace. However, different coral species are known to exhibit variable levels of susceptibility to thermal stress. To elucidate genetic mechanisms that may underlie these differences, we compared the gene repertoire of four coral species, Favites colemani, Montipora digitata, Acropora digitifera, and Seriatopora caliendrum, that were previously demonstrated to have differing responses to acute thermal stress. We found that more tolerant species, like F. colemani and M. digitata, possess a greater abundance of antioxidant protein families and chaperones. Under acute thermal stress conditions, only S. caliendrum showed a significant bleaching response, which was accompanied by activation of the DNA damage response network and drastic upregulation of stress response genes (SRGs). This suggests that differences in SRG orthologs, as well as the mechanisms that control SRG expression response, contribute to the ability of corals to maintain stability of physiological functions required to survive shifts in seawater temperature.
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Ataíde, Glauciana da Mata, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e. Borges und Andressa Vasconcelos Flores. „Enzymatic activity in braúna seeds subjected to thermal stress“. Ciência Rural 46, Nr. 6 (Juni 2016): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141800.
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ABSTRACT: To occur seed germination distinct hydrolytic enzymes work together, enabling primary root protrusion. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PdH) during germination of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. seeds under thermal stress. To this end, seeds of this species were germinated under constant temperature (10, 25, 30 or 40°C) and samples were collected every 24h during a 96-h period, in which the activity of the enzymes were evaluated. At 25 and 30°C, optimal temperatures for the germination of the species, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, and G6PdH increased with seed imbibitions. At 10 and 40°C, enzyme activities decreased, impairing the germination process.
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FitzGerald, Alyssa M., Sara N. John, Travis M. Apgar, Nathan J. Mantua und Benjamin T. Martin. „Quantifying thermal exposure for migratory riverine species: Phenology of Chinook salmon populations predicts thermal stress“. Global Change Biology 27, Nr. 3 (04.12.2020): 536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15450.
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Berrigan, David. „Correlations between measures of thermal stress resistance within and between species“. Oikos 89, Nr. 2 (Mai 2000): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.890211.x.
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Revelo-Luna, David, Aldemar Reyes-Trujillo und Miguel Peña-Varón. „Spectral and thermal response of Heliconia psittacorum species to induced water stress“. Agronomía Colombiana 36, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n3.70379.
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An important limitation in agricultural production is stress resulting from water deficit. Flower production and postharvest life both decrease in Heliconia psittacorum affected by water stress. Remote sensing provides tools for estimating the water status of plant species using spectral information in the visible and infrared range. This paper presents a study of reflectance in the 350-800 nm range and the response in the thermal infrared of leaf tissue under different irrigation regimes. For the measurement of reflectance, an OceanOptics® Micro-Spectrometer was used, while for the thermal infrared measurements, a FLIRE40® camera was used. Three irrigation regimes were established: T1: 100% field capacity (FC), T2: 50% FC, and T3: 10% FC. Significant differences were found between treatment T1 and treatments T2-T3 in the water stress index (CWSI) and stomatal conductance index (GI). The reflectance around 800 nm decreased for T2 and T3. Significant differences were obtained between T1 and T2-T3 in the maximum of the first derivative of the reflectance between 700 and 750 nm. It was found that, in the range 350-800 nm, the thermal indices were better indicators of the water status of the Heliconia species than the spectral indices.
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Erić, Katarina, Aleksandra Patenković, Pavle Erić, Slobodan Davidović, Marija Savić Veselinović, Marina Stamenković-Radak und Marija Tanasković. „Stress Resistance Traits under Different Thermal Conditions in Drosophila subobscura from Two Altitudes“. Insects 13, Nr. 2 (28.01.2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020138.
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Global warming and climate change are affecting many insect species in numerous ways. These species can develop diverse mechanisms as a response to variable environmental conditions. The rise in mean and extreme temperatures due to global warming and the importance of the population’s ability to adapt to temperature stress will further increase. In this study, we investigated thermal stress response, which is considered to be one of the crucial elements of population fitness and survival in fast-changing environments. The dynamics and variation of thermal stress resistance traits in D. subobscura flies originating from two natural populations sampled from different altitudes were analysed. Three different temperature regimes (25 °C, 19 °C, and 16 °C) were used for the F1 progeny from both localities to establish six experimental groups and investigate stress resistance traits: desiccation resistance, heat knock-down resistance, starvation resistance, and chill-coma recovery time. We detected that laboratory thermal conditions and population origin may have an effect on the analysed traits, and that sex also significantly influences stress resistance. Individuals from the lower altitude reared at higher temperatures show inferior resistance to thermal shock.
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Timm, Anne, Valerie Ouellet und Melinda Daniels. „Riparian Land Cover, Water Temperature Variability, and Thermal Stress for Aquatic Species in Urban Streams“. Water 13, Nr. 19 (02.10.2021): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192732.
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Thermal regime warming and increased variability can result in human developed watersheds due to runoff over impervious surfaces and influence of stormwater pipes. This study quantified relationships between tree canopy, impervious surface, and water temperature in stream sites with 4 to 62% impervious land cover in their “loggersheds” to predict water temperature metrics relevant to aquatic species thermal stress thresholds. This study identified significant (≥0.7, p < 0.05) negative correlations between water temperature and percent tree canopy in the 5 m riparian area and positive correlations between water temperature and total length of stormwater pipe in the loggershed. Mixed-effects models predicted that tree canopy cover in the 5 m riparian area would reduce water temperatures 0.01 to 6 °C and total length of stormwater pipes in the loggershed would increase water temperatures 0.01 to 2.6 °C. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the relationship between stormwater pipes and water temperature metrics has been explored to better understand thermal dynamics in urban watersheds. The results highlight important aspects of thermal habitat quality and water temperature variability for aquatic species living in urban streams based on thermal thresholds relevant to species metabolism, growth, and life history.
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Nautiyal, P. C., K. Rajgopal, P. V. Zala, Dipti S. Pujari, Manojit Basu, Bhuwaneshwariba A. Dhadhal und Bharat M. Nandre. „Evaluation of wild Arachis species for abiotic stress tolerance: I. Thermal stress and leaf water relations“. Euphytica 159, Nr. 1-2 (01.06.2007): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9455-x.
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Park, Hyun, In-Young Ahn, Kyung-Il Park und Seunghun Hyun. „Response of antioxidant defence systems to thermal stress in the Antarctic clamLaternula elliptica“. Antarctic Science 20, Nr. 6 (27.05.2008): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001387.
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AbstractThe effects of thermal stress on antioxidant defences in tissues of the Antarctic clamLaternula ellipticawere evaluated and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes, and levels of total glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) in digestive gland and gill over 0–4 days under extreme thermal stress (10°C) were measured. Superoxide dismutase activity was slightly higher after one day of thermal stress, although catalase activity was not altered significantly in either digestive gland or gill tissues. Thermal stress was associated with a significant increase in the activity of GSH-related antioxidant enzymes. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased up to 1.8- and 2.0-fold, respectively, after two days of thermal stress. Glutathione S-transferase activity drastically increased, to over 3.4- and 4.2-fold in digestive gland and gill, respectively, and remained high on day four. GSH levels also increased in both tissues and remained high on day four. PC content, a marker of protein oxidation, increased after two days of thermal stress. There is evidence that GSH-related antioxidant defence plays a significant role in relation to potential toxicity from reactive oxygen species during thermal stress.
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Matos, Antônio César Batista, Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e. Borges und Marcelo Coelho Sekita. „Production of reactive oxygen species in Dalbergia nigra seeds under thermal stress“. Journal of Seed Science 36, Nr. 3 (09.09.2014): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v36n3973.
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Seed germination is dependent on abiotic factors, temperature being one of the main ones, whose influence causes seed damage under extreme conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different temperatures during germination of D. nigra seeds and their physiological and biochemical implications. We assessed germination percentage and production of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seeds subjected to temperatures of 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 ºC for different periods of time. Hydration is promoted at 45 ºC and inhibited at 5ºC, without germination in either, whereas it is minimal at 15 °C and at a maximum level at 25 °C. Superoxide production increases at higher temperatures (25 and 35 ºC) after 72 hours of hydration, coinciding with the beginning of radicle protrusion. Production of hydrogen peroxide decreases at all temperatures, except for 5 ºC, with values near each other at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 ºC, where there was radicle protrusion.
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Patton, Zachary J., und Robert A. Krebs. „The Effect of Thermal Stress on the Mating Behavior ofThree Drosophila Species“. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 74, Nr. 6 (November 2001): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/323327.
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Osorio, R. A. L., J. S. Christofani, V. D'Almeida, A. K. Russo und I. C. Piçarro. „Reactive oxygen species in pregnant rats: effects of exercise and thermal stress“. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 135, Nr. 1 (Mai 2003): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0456(03)00078-4.
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Kleist, E., T. F. Mentel, S. Andres, A. Bohne, A. Folkers, A. Kiendler-Scharr, Y. Rudich, M. Springer, R. Tillmann und J. Wildt. „Irreversible impacts of heat on the emissions of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenolic BVOC and green leaf volatiles from several tree species“. Biogeosciences 9, Nr. 12 (13.12.2012): 5111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5111-2012.
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Abstract. Climate change will induce extended heat waves to parts of the vegetation more frequently. High temperatures may act as stress (thermal stress) on plants changing emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). As BVOCs impact the atmospheric oxidation cycle and aerosol formation, it is important to explore possible alterations of BVOC emissions under high temperature conditions. Applying heat to European beech, Palestine oak, Scots pine, and Norway spruce in a laboratory setup either caused the well-known exponential increases of BVOC emissions or induced irreversible changes of BVOC emissions. Considering only irreversible changes of BVOC emissions as stress impacts, we found that high temperatures decreased the de novo emissions of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic BVOC. This behaviour was independent of the tree species and whether the de novo emissions were constitutive or induced by biotic stress. In contrast, application of thermal stress to conifers amplified the release of monoterpenes stored in resin ducts of conifers and induced emissions of green leaf volatiles. In particular during insect attack on conifers, the plants showed de novo emissions of sesquiterpenes and phenolic BVOCs, which exceeded constitutive monoterpene emissions from pools. The heat-induced decrease of de novo emissions was larger than the increased monoterpene release caused by damage of resin ducts. For insect-infested conifers the net effect of thermal stress on BVOC emissions could be an overall decrease. Global change-induced heat waves may put hard thermal stress on plants. If so, we project that BVOC emissions increase is more than predicted by models only in areas predominantly covered with conifers that do not emit high amounts of sesquiterpenes and phenolic BVOCs. Otherwise overall effects of high temperature stress will be lower increases of BVOC emissions than predicted by algorithms that do not consider stress impacts.
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Williams, Amanda, Eric N. Chiles, Dennis Conetta, Jananan S. Pathmanathan, Phillip A. Cleves, Hollie M. Putnam, Xiaoyang Su und Debashish Bhattacharya. „Metabolomic shifts associated with heat stress in coral holobionts“. Science Advances 7, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): eabd4210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4210.
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Understanding the response of the coral holobiont to environmental change is crucial to inform conservation efforts. The most pressing problem is “coral bleaching,” usually precipitated by prolonged thermal stress. We used untargeted, polar metabolite profiling to investigate the physiological response of the coral species Montipora capitata and Pocillopora acuta to heat stress. Our goal was to identify diagnostic markers present early in the bleaching response. From the untargeted UHPLC-MS data, a variety of co-regulated dipeptides were found that have the highest differential accumulation in both species. The structures of four dipeptides were determined and showed differential accumulation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic (alga-free) populations of the sea anemone Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida), suggesting the deep evolutionary origins of these dipeptides and their involvement in symbiosis. These and other metabolites may be used as diagnostic markers for thermal stress in wild coral.
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Mangubhai, Sangeeta, Yashika Nand und Randi Rotjan. „Discovery of a recovering climax Acropora community in Kanton Lagoon in the remote Phoenix Islands Protected Area“. Pacific Conservation Biology 25, Nr. 3 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18051.
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A thermal stress that started in 2002 and peaked at 21 degree heating weeks resulted in near-100% mortality of corals in Kanton Lagoon. An expedition in 2015 documented a 52.8% recovery of hard corals in the lagoon. Despite temperatures reaching as high as 30.5°C there was almost no bleaching of Acropora stands within the lagoon, suggesting that recovering species are more resistant to thermal stress.
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Bone, James W. P., Gillian M. C. Renshaw und Clyde H. Wild. „Physiological and biochemical responses to elevated temperature in a threatened freshwater crayfish, Euastacus sulcatus (Decapoda: Parastacidae)“. Marine and Freshwater Research 68, Nr. 10 (2017): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16232.
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Projected elevations in environmental temperature are expected to have a detrimental effect on organisms with distributions that are already restricted to high-altitude refugia, especially where dispersal is compromised due to population isolation by unsuitable intervening habitats. The present study was carried out on such an organism, namely Euastacus sulcatus, to determine: (1) the temperature at which thermal stress occurs under laboratory conditions; and (2) whether thermal stress is already occurring naturally in contemporary field-acclimatised individuals. The laboratory data provided evidence that biochemical and physiological stress occurred in E. sulcatus at 22.5°C or higher. In the field, oxidative stress was characterised by an increase in the oxidised redox state of glutathione within a low-altitude population accompanied by significantly elevated protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. The data confirmed that potential thermal stress was present in E. sulcatus residing at the lower end of its altitudinal distribution, indicating that this threatened species is already challenged within localised populations in their natural environment. Together, these results reveal that future increases in environmental temperature are not only likely to result in increased baseline levels of stress in E. sulcatus, but also forecast further restriction in the altitudinal distribution of the species in a warming climate.
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Ali, A., M. A. Rashid, Q. Y. Huang, C. Wong und C. L. Lei. „Response of antioxidant enzymes in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to thermal stress“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 107, Nr. 3 (04.11.2016): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316001000.
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AbstractThe oriental army worm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a migratory pest in Eastern Asia and China. Seasonal high temperatures in Southern China and low temperatures in Northern China are pressures favouring the annual migration of this species, while cold tolerance determines the northern limit of its overwintering range. A number of physiological stress responses occur in insects as a result of variations in temperature. One reaction to thermal stress is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful by causing oxidative damage. The time-related effects (durations of 1, 4 and 7 h) of thermal stress treatments of M. separata at comparatively low (5, 10, 15 and 20°C) and high (30, 35, 40 and 45°C) temperatures on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined. Thermal stress resulted in significant elevation of the activities of SOD, CAT and GSTs, indicating that these enzymes contribute to defence mechanisms counteracting oxidative damage caused by an increase in ROS. However, at high-temperatures, POX and T-AOC were also found to contribute to scavenging ROS. Our results also indicate that extreme temperatures lead to elevated ROS production in M. separata. The present study confirms that thermal stress can be responsible for oxidative damage. To overcome such stress, antioxidant enzymes play key roles in diminishing oxidative damage in M. separata.
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Fordyce, Alexander J., Emma F. Camp und Tracy D. Ainsworth. „Polyp bailout in Pocillopora damicornis following thermal stress“. F1000Research 6 (17.05.2017): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11522.1.
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Polyp bailout is an established but understudied coral stress response that involves the detachment of individual polyps from the colonial form as means of escaping unfavourable conditions. This may influence both the mortality and asexual recruitment of coral genotypes across a range of species. It was first described by Goreau & Goreau (1959) and has been observed in response to numerous stressors including high salinity and low pH. However, polyp bailout has not previously been described in association with thermal stress and the coral bleaching response, which is becoming increasingly common around the world. We present the first qualitative observation of polyp bailout following thermal stress in a mesocosm experiment. Detached polyps show similar characteristics to those described in previous studies, including the retention of endosymbiotic zooxanthellae and the ability to disperse across short distances. As the frequency of thermal stress increases globally, we suggest further detailed research into the prevalence of this response in situ and its implications for the survival of individual corals, as well as the potential for migration into cooler micro-habitats within the coral reef environment.
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Hernández-Sánchez, Roberto Carlos, Francisco Ernesto Martínez-Castañeda, Daniel Alonso Domínguez-Olvera, Maria Elena Trujillo-Ortega, Víctor Manuel Díaz-Sánchez, Ezequiel Sánchez-Ramírez, Elizabeth Posadas-Hernández, Itzayana Mejía-Flores und Elein Hernandez. „Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Thermal Stress Assessment in Poultry Using Infrared Thermography in Specific Body Areas“. Animals 14, Nr. 22 (06.11.2024): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14223171.
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Thermal stress is a health and welfare concern in the poultry industry. Poultry have specific thermoregulation strategies for heat stress (i.e., vasodilatation) or cold stress (i.e., vasoconstriction). Infrared thermal (IRT) analysis is a non-invasive temperature assessment technology with significant benefits compared to conventional temperature measurements, which are invasive and time-consuming. However, a wide range of IRT methodologies and equipment are used for temperature assessment in poultry. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of IRT applications in poultry undergoing thermal stress. The bibliographic search yielded 17 records for qualitative synthesis and 10 for quantitative analysis. The results showed IRT is more commonly studied during heat stress than cold stress, and more research is being conducted on laying hens than other poultry species. Also, four body areas (parts of the head, body, face, and leg) were identified as common areas of interest for body surface temperature measurement. There is a clear thermoregulation response to thermal stress in poultry, with marked differences between featherless and feather-covered areas. IRT in poultry undergoing thermal stress has a good diagnostic value and represents an important welfare assessment tool for future research, particularly when combined with other welfare assessment methods.
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Lamb, Annika M., Lesa M. Peplow, Peter L. Harrison, Craig A. Humphrey, Lorenzo Latini, Guy A. McCutchan und Madeleine J. H. van Oppen. „Coral recruits demonstrate thermal resilience“. PeerJ 12 (12.11.2024): e18273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18273.
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Marine heatwaves are becoming more frequent during summer and pose a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems. Restoration efforts have the potential to support native coral populations and guard them against some degree of environmental change, while global action against climate change takes place. Interspecific hybridization is one approach through which resilient coral stock could be generated for restoration. Here we compared the performance of Acropora kenti and A. loripes hybrid and purebred coral recruits under a simulated thermal stress event. A. kenti eggs were successfully fertilized by A. loripes sperm to produce ‘KL’ hybrids, but no ‘LK’ hybrids could be produced from A. loripes eggs and A. kenti sperm. Despite corals in the elevated treatment accruing thermal stress (>12 degree heating weeks over 2 months) known to result in mass bleaching, both purebred and hybrid recruits showed no signs of stress under the simulated temperature regime, based on the performance indicators survivorship, size, color (a proxy of bleaching), and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Comparisons between the hybrids and purebreds studied here must be interpreted with caution because hybrid sample sizes were small. The hybrids did not outperform both of their purebred counterparts for any metrics studied here, demonstrating that there are limitations to the extent to which interspecific hybridization may boost the performance of coral stock. In general, the purebred A. loripes recruits performed best under both ambient and elevated conditions. The performance of the KL hybrid corals was similar to the maternal parental species, A. kenti, or not significantly different to either parental purebred species. The Symbiodiniaceae communities of the KL hybrids were characteristic of their maternal counterparts and may have underpinned the performance differences between the A. kenti/KL hybrid and A. loripes recruits.
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Zhao, Chun-Lin, Tian Zhao, Jian-Yi Feng, Li-Ming Chang, Pu-Yang Zheng, Shi-Jian Fu, Xiu-Ming Li, Bi-Song Yue, Jian-Ping Jiang und Wei Zhu. „Temperature and Diet Acclimation Modify the Acute Thermal Performance of the Largest Extant Amphibian“. Animals 12, Nr. 4 (21.02.2022): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040531.
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The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), one of the largest extant amphibian species, has dramatically declined in the wild. As an ectotherm, it may be further threatened by climate change. Therefore, understanding the thermal physiology of this species should be the priority to formulate related conservation strategies. In this study, the plasticity in metabolic rate and thermal tolerance limits of A. davidianus larvae were studied. Specifically, the larvae were acclimated to three temperature levels (7 °C, cold stress; 15 °C, optimum; and 25 °C, heat stress) and two diet items (red worm or fish fray) for 20 days. Our results indicated that cold-acclimated larvae showed increased metabolic capacity, while warm-acclimated larvae showed a decrease in metabolic capacity. These results suggested the existence of thermal compensation. Moreover, the thermal tolerance windows of cold-acclimated and warm-acclimated larvae shifted to cooler and hotter ranges, respectively. Metabolic capacity is not affected by diet but fish-fed larvae showed superiority in both cold and heat tolerance, potentially due to the input of greater nutrient loads. Overall, our results suggested a plastic thermal tolerance of A. davidianus in response to temperature and diet variations. These results are meaningful in guiding the conservation of this species.
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Graham, Erin R., und Robert W. Sanders. „Species-specific photosynthetic responses of symbiotic zoanthids to thermal stress and ocean acidification“. Marine Ecology 37, Nr. 2 (09.12.2015): 442–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.12291.
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Zhang, Y., und D. C. Slaughter. „Hyperspectral species mapping for automatic weed control in tomato under thermal environmental stress“. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 77, Nr. 1 (Juni 2011): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.04.001.
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Cuenca Cambronero, Maria, Bettina Zeis und Luisa Orsini. „Haemoglobin-mediated response to hyper-thermal stress in the keystone species Daphnia magna“. Evolutionary Applications 11, Nr. 1 (02.11.2017): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12561.
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Fu, Huiru, Zexin Jiao, Yongjing Li, Jing Tian, Liting Ren, Fuqiang Zhang, Qi Li und Shikai Liu. „Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas): Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling after Heat Stress between C. gigas and C. angulata“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (22.03.2021): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063222.
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Transmembrane proteins are involved in an array of stress responses, particularly in thermo-sensation and thermo-regulation. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) genes in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and investigated their expression profiles after heat stress to identify critical TRPs potentially associated with thermal regulation. A total of 66 TRP genes were identified in the C. gigas, which showed significant gene expansion and tandem duplication. Meta-analysis of the available RNA-Seq data generated from samples after acute heat stress revealed a set of heat-inducible TRPs. Further examination of their expression profiles under chronic heat stress, and comparison between C. gigas and C. angulata, two oyster species with different tolerance levels to heat stress, led to the identification of TRPC3.6, TRPC3.7, and TRPV4.7 as important TRPs involved in thermal regulation in oysters. This work provided valuable information for future studies on the molecular mechanism of TRP mediated thermal tolerance, and identification of diagnostic biomarker for thermal stress in the oysters.
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Doering, Talisa, Justin Maire, Wing Yan Chan, Alexis Perez-Gonzalez, Luka Meyers, Rumi Sakamoto, Isini Buthgamuwa, Linda L. Blackall und Madeleine J. H. van Oppen. „Comparing the Role of ROS and RNS in the Thermal Stress Response of Two Cnidarian Models, Exaiptasia diaphana and Galaxea fascicularis“. Antioxidants 12, Nr. 5 (06.05.2023): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051057.
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Coral reefs are threatened by climate change, because it causes increasingly frequent and severe summer heatwaves, resulting in mass coral bleaching and mortality. Coral bleaching is believed to be driven by an excess production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), yet their relative roles during thermal stress remain understudied. Here, we measured ROS and RNS net production, as well as activities of key enzymes involved in ROS scavenging (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and RNS synthesis (nitric oxide synthase) and linked these metrics to physiological measurements of cnidarian holobiont health during thermal stress. We did this for both an established cnidarian model, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana, and an emerging scleractinian model, the coral Galaxea fascicularis, both from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Increased ROS production was observed during thermal stress in both species, but it was more apparent in G. fascicularis, which also showed higher levels of physiological stress. RNS did not change in thermally stressed G. fascicularis and decreased in E. diaphana. Our findings in combination with variable ROS levels in previous studies on GBR-sourced E. diaphana suggest G. fascicularis is a more suitable model to study the cellular mechanisms of coral bleaching.
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Kuehu, Donna Lee, Yuanyuan Fu, Masaki Nasu, Hua Yang, Vedbar S. Khadka und Youping Deng. „Effects of Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress and Astaxanthin on the NF-kB, NFE2L2 and PPARα Transcription Factors and Cytoprotective Capacity in the Thymus of Broilers“. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, Nr. 8 (22.08.2024): 9215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080544.
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The thymus, a central lymphoid organ in animals, serves as the site for T cell development, differentiation and maturation, vital to adaptive immunity. The thymus is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis to protect against tumors and tissue damage. An overactive or prolonged immune response can lead to oxidative stress from increased production of reactive oxygen species. Heat stress induces oxidative stress and overwhelms the natural antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study’s objectives were to investigate the protective properties of astaxanthin against heat-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the chicken thymus, by comparing the growth performance and gene signaling pathways among three groups: thermal neutral, heat stress, and heat stress with astaxanthin. The thermal neutral temperature was 21–22 °C, and the heat stress temperature was 32–35 °C. Both heat stress groups experienced reduced growth performance, while the astaxanthin-treated group showed a slightly lesser decline. The inflammatory response and antioxidant defense system were activated by the upregulation of the NF-kB, NFE2L2, PPARα, cytoprotective capacity, and apoptotic gene pathways during heat stress compared to the thermal neutral group. However, expression levels showed no significant differences between the thermal neutral and heat stress with antioxidant groups, suggesting that astaxanthin may mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress damage.
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Rebolledo, Adriana P., und Rachel Collin. „Thermal tolerance of the zoea I stage of four Neotropical crab species (Crustacea: Decapoda)“. Zoologia 35 (22.03.2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14641.
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. Although larval stages are often considered particularly vulnerable to stressors, for many marine invertebrates studies of thermal tolerance have focused on adults. Here we determined the upper thermal limit (LT50) of the zoea I of four Caribbean crab species (Macrocoelomatrispinosum, Aratuspisonii, Armasesricordi, and Minucarapax) and compared their thermal tolerance over time and among species. The zoea from the subtidal species M.trispinosum and tree climbing mangrove species A.pisonii had a lower thermal tolerance, 35 and 38.5 °C respectively, than did the semiterrestrial A.ricordi and M.rapax. In all four species tested, the estimates of thermal tolerance depend on the duration of exposure to elevated temperatures. Longer exposures to thermal stress produce lower estimates of LT50, which decreased by ~1 °C from a two- to a six-hour exposure. Crab embryos develop on the abdomen of the mother until the larvae are ready to hatch. Therefore, the thermal tolerances of the embryos which need to coincide with the environmental conditions experienced by the adult stage, may carry over into the early zoea stage. Our results suggest that semiterrestrial species, in which embryos may need to withstand higher temperatures than embryos of subtidal species also produce larvae with higher thermal tolerances. Over the short term, the larvae of these tropical crab species can withstand significantly higher temperatures than those experienced in their marine habitat. Longer term rearing studies are necessary to determine the temperature at which chronic exposure has a negative impact on embryonic and larval survival.
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Filice, Mariacristina, Sandra Imbrogno, Alfonsina Gattuso und Maria Carmela Cerra. „Hypoxic and Thermal Stress: Many Ways Leading to the NOS/NO System in the Fish Heart“. Antioxidants 10, Nr. 9 (31.08.2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091401.
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Teleost fish are often regarded with interest for the remarkable ability of several species to tolerate even dramatic stresses, either internal or external, as in the case of fluctuations in O2 availability and temperature regimes. These events are naturally experienced by many fish species under different time scales, but they are now exacerbated by growing environmental changes. This further challenges the intrinsic ability of animals to cope with stress. The heart is crucial for the stress response, since a proper modulation of the cardiac function allows blood perfusion to the whole organism, particularly to respiratory organs and the brain. In cardiac cells, key signalling pathways are activated for maintaining molecular equilibrium, thus improving stress tolerance. In fish, the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO) system is fundamental for modulating the basal cardiac performance and is involved in the control of many adaptive responses to stress, including those related to variations in O2 and thermal regimes. In this review, we aim to illustrate, by integrating the classic and novel literature, the current knowledge on the NOS/NO system as a crucial component of the cardiac molecular mechanisms that sustain stress tolerance and adaptation, thus providing some species, such as tolerant cyprinids, with a high resistance to stress.
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Kovacevic, Aleksandra, Guillaume Latombe und Steven L. Chown. „Rate dynamics of ectotherm responses to thermal stress“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, Nr. 1902 (Mai 2019): 20190174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0174.
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Critical thermal limits (CTLs) show much variation associated with the experimental rate of temperature change used in their estimation. Understanding the full range of variation in rate effects on CTLs and their underlying basis is thus essential if methodological noise is not to overwhelm or bias the ecological signal. We consider the effects of rate variation from multiple intraspecific assessments and provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of the rate effects on both the critical thermal maximum (CT max ) and critical thermal minimum (CT min ) for 47 species of ectotherms, exploring which of the available theoretical models best explains this variation. We find substantial interspecific variation in rate effects, which takes four different forms (increase, decline, no change, mixed), with phylogenetic signal in effects on CT max , but not CT min . Exponential and zero exponential failure rate models best explain the rate effects on CT max . The majority of the empirical rate variation in CT min could not be explained by the failure rate models. Our work demonstrates that rate effects cannot be ignored in comparative analyses, and suggests that incorporation of the failure rate models into such analyses is a useful further avenue for exploration of the fundamental basis and implications of such variation.
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McIlroy, Shelby E., Jane C. Y. Wong und David M. Baker. „Competitive traits of coral symbionts may alter the structure and function of the microbiome“. ISME Journal 14, Nr. 10 (09.06.2020): 2424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-0697-0.
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Abstract In the face of global warming and unprecedented coral bleaching, a new avenue of research is focused on relatively rare algal symbionts and their ability to confer thermal tolerance to their host by association. Yet, thermal tolerance is just one of many physiological attributes inherent to the diversity of symbiodinians, a result of millions of years of competition and niche partitioning. Here, we revealed that competition among cocultured symbiodinians alters nutrient assimilation and compound production with species-specific responses. For Cladocopium goreaui, a species ubiquitous within stable coral associations, temperature stress increased sensitivity to competition eliciting a shift toward investment in cell replication, i.e., putative niche exploitation. Meanwhile, competition led Durusdinium trenchii, a thermally tolerant “background” symbiodinian, to divert resources from immediate growth to storage. As such, competition may be driving the dominance of C. goreaui outside of temperature stress, the destabilization of symbioses under thermal stress, the repopulation of coral tissues by D. trenchii following bleaching, and ultimately undermine the efficacy of symbiont turnover as an adaptive mechanism.
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Zhang, Yueyang, und James D. Kieffer. „Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and hematology of shortnose sturgeons (Acipenser brevirostrum) acclimated to three temperatures“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, Nr. 3 (März 2014): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0223.
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Quantifying a species thermal tolerance is critical to assessing biological impacts of anticipated increases in temperature (e.g., climate change). Although many studies have documented the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of fish, there is a paucity of research on thermal biology of sturgeon. The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, 1818) is a threatened species that exists along the eastern coast of North America. They can be exposed to temperatures ranging from freezing to above 25 °C. Using a heating rate of 6 °C/h, CTmax and the associated hematological responses of shortnose sturgeon acclimated to 10, 15, and 20 °C were determined. There was a significant positive relationship between CTmax and body mass, and CTmax increased significantly with increases in acclimation temperature (Ta). In general, hematology of thermally stressed fish was modified relative to control (nonstressed) fish. Hematocrit, plasma lactate, and plasma Na+ and Cl– of fish were all significantly influenced by thermal stress and Ta. Glucose and K+ were only significantly influenced by thermal stress. Future studies should address the importance of other stressors, such as salinity and toxicants, on thermal relationships of sturgeon.
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Khen, Adi, Michael D. Fox, Maggie D. Johnson, Christopher B. Wall und Jennifer E. Smith. „Inter- and intraspecific responses of coral colonies to thermal anomalies on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific“. PLOS ONE 19, Nr. 11 (25.11.2024): e0312409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312409.
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Long-term monitoring of individual coral colonies is important for understanding variability between and within species over time in the context of thermal stress. Here, we analyze an 11-year time series of permanent benthic photoquadrats taken on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific, from 2009 to 2019 to track the growth (i.e., increase in live planar area), pigmentation or lack thereof (“discoloration”), partial or whole-colony mortality, survival, and regrowth of 314 individual coral colonies of nine focal species from two reef habitat types. During this period, thermal anomalies occurred on Palmyra in conjunction with El Niño-Southern Oscillation events in both 2009 and 2015, of which the latter heatwave was longer-lasting and more thermally-severe. We found that coral responses varied by habitat, within and among species, and/or according to the degree of accumulated thermal stress. Nearly all species, particularly Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora damicornis, responded more negatively to the 2015 heatwave in terms of colony-specific discoloration and reduction in live planar area. While discoloration was more prominent at the shallower reef terrace compared to the fore reef for this subset of colonies, the reef terrace exhibited greater stability of community-wide coral cover. Colony fate was associated with severity of discoloration at the time of warming: one year following the 2009 heatwave, more severely discolored colonies were more likely to grow, yet following the second heatwave in 2015, colonies were more likely to experience shrinkage or mortality. However, colonies that were more severely discolored in 2009 were not necessarily more discolored in 2015, suggesting that colony-specific factors may be more influential in governing responses to thermal stress.
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Jiang, Zhuxiang, Chaogang Wang, Mingyang Du, Rihao Cong, Ao Li, Wei Wang, Guofan Zhang und Li Li. „The Molecular Mechanism of Clock in Thermal Adaptation of Two Congeneric Oyster Species“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, Nr. 3 (27.01.2025): 1109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031109.
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Clock genes regulate physiological and metabolic processes by responding to changes in environmental light and temperature, and genetic variations in these genes may facilitate environmental adaptation, offering opportunities for resilience to climate change. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear in marine organisms. In this study, we investigated the role of a key clock gene, the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock), in thermal adaptation using DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-Seq) and RNA interference (RNAi)-based transcriptome analysis. In cold-adapted Crassostrea gigas and warm-adapted Crassostrea angulata, Clock was subject to environmental selection and exhibited contrasting expression patterns. The transcriptome analysis revealed 2054 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following the knockdown of the Clock expression, while DAP-Seq identified 150,807 genes regulated by Clock, including 5273 genes located in promoter regions. The combined analyses identified 201 overlapping genes between the two datasets, of which 98 were annotated in public databases. These 98 genes displayed distinct expression patterns in C. gigas and C. angulata under heat stress, which were potentially regulated by Clock, indicating its role in a molecular regulatory network that responds to heat stress. Notably, a heat-shock protein 70 family gene (Hsp12b) and a tripartite motif-containing protein (Trim3) were significantly upregulated in C. angulata but showed no significant changes in C. gigas, further highlighting their critical roles in thermal adaptation. This study preliminarily constructs a thermal regulatory network involving Clock, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of clock genes in thermal adaptation.
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Holubová, Ľudmila, Stanislav Kyzek, Ivana Ďurovcová, Jana Fabová, Eva Horváthová, Andrea Ševčovičová und Eliška Gálová. „Non-Thermal Plasma—A New Green Priming Agent for Plants?“ International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 24 (12.12.2020): 9466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249466.
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Since the earliest agricultural attempts, humankind has been trying to improve crop quality and yields, as well as protect them from adverse conditions. Strategies to meet these goals include breeding, the use of fertilisers, and the genetic manipulation of crops, but also an interesting phenomenon called priming or adaptive response. Priming is based on an application of mild stress to prime a plant for another, mostly stronger stress. There are many priming techniques, such as osmopriming, halopriming, or using physical agents. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) represents a physical agent that contains a mixture of charged, neutral, and radical (mostly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) particles, and can cause oxidative stress or even the death of cells or organisms upon interaction. However, under certain conditions, NTP can have the opposite effect, which has been previously documented for many plant species. Seed surface sterilization and growth enhancement are the most-reported positive effects of NTP on plants. Moreover, some studies suggest the role of NTP as a promising priming agent. This review deals with the effects of NTP treatment on plants from interaction with seed and cell surface, influence on cellular molecular processes, up to the adaptive response caused by NTP.
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González-Aravena, Marcelo, Nathan J. Kenny, Magdalena Osorio, Alejandro Font, Ana Riesgo und César A. Cárdenas. „Warm temperatures, cool sponges: the effect of increased temperatures on the Antarctic sponge Isodictya sp.“ PeerJ 7 (03.12.2019): e8088. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8088.
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Although the cellular and molecular responses to exposure to relatively high temperatures (acute thermal stress or heat shock) have been studied previously, only sparse empirical evidence of how it affects cold-water species is available. As climate change becomes more pronounced in areas such as the Western Antarctic Peninsula, both long-term and occasional acute temperature rises will impact species found there, and it has become crucial to understand the capacity of these species to respond to such thermal stress. Here, we use the Antarctic sponge Isodictya sp. to investigate how sessile organisms (particularly Porifera) can adjust to acute short-term heat stress, by exposing this species to 3 and 5 °C for 4 h, corresponding to predicted temperatures under high-end 2080 IPCC-SRES scenarios. Assembling a de novo reference transcriptome (90,188 contigs, >93.7% metazoan BUSCO genes) we have begun to discern the molecular response employed by Isodictya to adjust to heat exposure. Our initial analyses suggest that TGF-β, ubiquitin and hedgehog cascades are involved, alongside other genes. However, the degree and type of response changed little from 3 to 5 °C in the time frame examined, suggesting that even moderate rises in temperature could cause stress at the limits of this organism’s capacity. Given the importance of sponges to Antarctic ecosystems, our findings are vital for discerning the consequences of short-term increases in Antarctic ocean temperature on these and other species.
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JIANG, Shufen, Changyi ZHANG, Xiao PAN, Kenneth B. STOREY und Wenyi ZHANG. „Distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress between invasive freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans and native freshwater turtles in China“. Integrative Zoology, 02.01.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12804.
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AbstractDifferent responses or tolerance to thermal stress between invasive and native species can affect the outcome of interactions between climate change and biological invasion. However, knowledge about the physiological mechanisms that modulate the interspecific differences in thermal tolerance is limited. The present study analyzes the metabolic responses to thermal stress by the globally invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, as compared with two co‐occurring native turtle species in China, Pelodiscus sinensis and Mauremys reevesii. Changes in metabolite contents and the expression or enzyme activities of genes involved in energy sensing, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle after exposure to gradient temperatures were assessed in turtle juveniles. Invasive and native turtles showed distinct metabolic responses to thermal stress. T. scripta elegans showed greater transcriptional regulation of energy sensors than the native turtles. Enhanced anaerobic metabolism was needed by all three species under extreme heat conditions, but phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the invader showed stronger upregulation or stable responses than the native species, which showed inhibition by high temperatures. These contrasts were pronounced in the muscles of the three species. Regulation of lipid metabolism was observed in both T. scripta elegans and P. sinensis but not in M. reevesii under thermal stress. Thermal stress did not inhibit the TCA cycle in turtles. Different metabolic responses to thermal stress may contribute to interspecific differences in thermal tolerance. Overall, our study further suggested the potential role of physiological differences in mediating interactions between climate change and biological invasion.
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Pintanel, Pol, Miguel Tejedo, Agustín Camacho, Urtzi Enriquez‐Urtzelai, Gustavo A. Llorente und Andrés Merino‐Viteri. „Physiological thermal niches, elevational ranges and thermal stress in dendrobatid frogs: An integrated approach“. Journal of Biogeography, 07.05.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14860.
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AbstractAimWe investigated the relationship between thermal physiology, elevational distribution and thermal stress among nine closely related dendrobatid frogs during their aquatic stage by employing an integrated approach, combining thermal physiology, environmental temperature modelling and predictive assessments of current and future exposure to thermal variation.LocationEcuador.TaxonAmphibians; Anura, Dendrobatidae, Epipedobates, Hyloxalus.MethodsWe determined the thermal performance curves (TPCs) of larval growth for each species and modelled the thermal variation in contrasting aquatic larval environments for both present and future times. This allowed us to estimate the expected elevational distributions and forecast periods of exposure to stressful temperatures that inhibit larval growth due to elevation and global warming.ResultsWe found significant correlations between optimum temperature (Topt), 50% maximum performance temperature (maxB50), 50% minimum performance temperature (minB50) and cold resistance (survival at 9°C) with the current elevational distributions. However, thermal physiology predicted lower than observed distributions for high‐elevation dendrobatids and higher than observed maximum elevations for lowland species. Nonetheless, our models predicted that low thermal variability habitats (i.e. streams and deep permanent ponds) can buffer the future temperature increase for all taxa, even when considering the most extreme scenario. In contrast, all species within high thermal variation habitats (open forest temporary ponds) are expected to experience stressful temperatures under present conditions.Main ConclusionsThe findings indicate that thermal physiology may not be a limiting factor for dendrobatid frog species' ranges in this equatorial mountain gradient. Highland species may need to adapt to suboptimal performance, while some lowland species could occupy higher elevations. This study emphasizes the importance of habitat buffering to mitigate thermal stress in the face of climate change for amphibians in tropical mountains.
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Loeffelholz, Jacob, Emma Meese, Ilaria Giovannini, Karsyn Ullibarri, Sogol Momeni, Nicholas Merfeld, Jessica Wessel, Roberto Guidetti, Lorena Rebecchi und Thomas C. Boothby. „An evaluation of thermal tolerance in six tardigrade species in an active and dry state“. Biology Open, 04.09.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.060485.
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Tardigrades are known for their ability to survive extreme conditions. Reports indicate that tardigrade thermal tolerance is enhanced in the desiccated state, however these reports have almost always used a single tardigrade species and drying/heating methods vary between studies. Using six different species of tardigrades we confirm that desiccation enhances thermal tolerance in tardigrades. Furthermore, we show that differences in thermal tolerance exist between tardigrade species both when hydrated and desiccated. While Viridiscus viridianus survives the highest temperatures in the hydrated state of any species tested here, under hydrated conditions, the thermal tolerance of V. viridianus is restricted to an acute transient stress. Furthermore, unlike other stresses, such as desiccation, where mild initial exposure preconditions some species to survive subsequent harsher treatment, for V. viridianus exposure to mild thermal stress in the hydrated state does not confer protection to harsher heating. Our results suggest that while tardigrades have the capacity to tolerate mild thermal stress while hydrated, survival of high temperatures in a desiccated state is a by-product of tardigrades’ ability to survive desiccation.
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Fay, Justin C., Javier Alonso-del-Real, James H. Miller und Amparo Querol. „Divergence in the Saccharomyces species’ heat shock response is indicative of their thermal tolerance“. Genome Biology and Evolution, 16.11.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad207.
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Abstract The Saccharomyces species have diverged in their thermal growth profile. Both S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus grow at temperatures well above the maximum growth temperature of S. kudriavzevii and S. uvarum, but grow more poorly at lower temperatures. In response to thermal shifts, organisms activate a stress response that includes heat shock proteins involved in protein homeostasis and acquisition of thermal tolerance. To determine whether Saccharomyces species have diverged in their response to temperature we measured changes in gene expression in response to a 12°C increase or decrease in temperature for four Saccharomyces species and their six pairwise hybrids. To ensure coverage of subtelomeric gene families we sequenced, assembled and annotated a complete S. uvarum genome. In response to heat, the cryophilic species showed a stronger stress response than the thermophilic species and the hybrids showed a mixture of parental responses that depended on the time point. After an initial strong response indicative of high thermal stress, hybrids with a thermophilic parent resolved their heat shock response to become similar to their thermophilic parent. Within the hybrids only a small number of temperature responsive genes showed consistent differences between alleles from the thermophilic and cryophilic species. Our results show that divergence in the heat shock response is mainly a consequence of a strain's thermal tolerance, suggesting that cellular factors that signal heat stress or resolve heat induced changes are relevant to thermal divergence in the Saccharomyces species.
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Nicastro, Katy R., Gareth A. Pearson, Xana Ramos, Vasco Pearson, Christopher D. McQuaid und Gerardo I. Zardi. „Transcriptome wide analyses reveal intraspecific diversity in thermal stress responses of a dominant habitat‐forming species“. Scientific Reports 13, Nr. 1 (06.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32654-w.
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AbstractThe impact of climate change on biodiversity has stimulated the need to understand environmental stress responses, particularly for ecosystem engineers whose responses to climate affect large numbers of associated organisms. Distinct species differ substantially in their resilience to thermal stress but there are also within-species variations in thermal tolerance for which the molecular mechanisms underpinning such variation remain largely unclear. Intertidal mussels are well-known for their role as ecosystem engineers. First, we exposed two genetic lineages of the intertidal mussel Perna perna to heat stress treatments in air and water. Next, we ran a high throughput RNA sequencing experiment to identify differences in gene expression between the thermally resilient eastern lineage and the thermally sensitive western lineage. We highlight different thermal tolerances that concord with their distributional ranges. Critically, we also identified lineage-specific patterns of gene expression under heat stress and revealed intraspecific differences in the underlying transcriptional pathways in response to warmer temperatures that are potentially linked to the within-species differences in thermal tolerance. Beyond the species, we show how unravelling within-species variability in mechanistic responses to heat stress promotes a better understanding of global evolutionary trajectories of the species as a whole in response to changing climate.
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Tavakoli-Kolour, Parviz, Frederic Sinniger, Masaya Morita, Takashi Nakamura und Saki Harii. „Variability in thermal stress thresholds of corals across depths“. Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (14.09.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1210662.
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Mesophotic habitats are potential refugia for corals in the context of climate change. The seawater temperature in a mesophotic habitat is generally lower than in a shallow habitat. However, the susceptibility and threshold temperatures of mesophotic corals are not well understood. We compared 11 mesophotic and shallow species to understand their thermal stress thresholds using physiological parameters. Coral fragments were exposed to two thermal stress treatments, with temperatures set at ~30°C and ~31°C, and a low-temperature treatment set at ~28°C as the “no stress” condition for 14 days. We found that the threshold temperature of coral species at mesophotic depths is slightly lower or equal to that of corals in shallow depths. The results suggest that species in the mesophotic coral ecosystems can survive low (<4 degree heating weeks) thermal stress. However, mass bleaching and high mortality can be expected when temperatures rise above 4 degree heating weeks.
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Ma, Lin‐Xuan, Jie Wang, Mark W. Denny und Yun‐Wei Dong. „Hindcasted Body Temperatures Reveal Underestimated Thermal Stress Faced by Intertidal Species“. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 05.09.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.13908.
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ABSTRACTAimAs global climate changes, there is a clear mismatch between the temporal and spatial characteristics of body temperature and environmental temperature, confounding the assessment of thermal stress for organisms in many ecological studies. Here, we hindcast the hourly body temperatures of intertidal molluscs to explore the differences between them and environmental temperatures (air and water temperatures) in multiple metrics of thermal stress.LocationIntertidal shores in East Asia (0°–45°N, 100°E–140°E).Time Period40 years, 1980 to 2019.Major Taxa StudiedMollusca.MethodsWe collected habitat zonation data and measured the morphological characteristics of 25 intertidal molluscs living in East Asia. For three different types of intertidal molluscs (i.e., bivalves, limpets and snails), we built corresponding heat budget models (HBMs) to hindcast the hourly body temperatures from 1980 to 2019. We analysed the thermal stress of intertidal species faced in three metrics, annual extreme high temperatures (T99), seasonal daily maximum temperatures (DMT) and heatwaves, and compared them with environmental temperatures.ResultsWe found that T99 of body temperatures and their interannual warming rates are significantly higher than those of environmental temperatures. Moreover, there were non‐negligible mismatches between the seasonal thermal pattern and heatwaves of body temperatures and environmental temperatures, suggesting that the deleterious impacts of global warming on intertidal species are underestimated and cannot be directly revealed by environmental temperatures.Main ConclusionsThermal stress patterns of body temperature were significantly different from those of environmental temperature, and the thermal stress faced by intertidal species had been persistently underestimated. These results emphasise that body temperature should be used as the appropriate metric for evaluating and predicting the impacts of global warming and weather extremes in the intertidal biological system.
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Bergman, Jessica L., William Leggat und Tracy D. Ainsworth. „The Meta-Organism Response of the Environmental Generalist Pocillopora damicornis Exposed to Differential Accumulation of Heat Stress“. Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (06.12.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.664063.
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Coral bleaching events in the marine environment are now occurring globally, and the frequency and severity of these events are increasing. Critically, these events can cause the symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae and their coral hosts to break down, but how the microbial community within the coral responds to bleaching is still equivocal. We investigated the impact of thermal stress exposure on the meta-organism responses of the generalist scleractinian coral species Pocillopora damicornis. Using mesocosms to recreate warming scenarios previously observed at Heron Island, we show that P. damicornis symbiont densities and photophysiological parameters declined at a similar rate under thermal stress regardless of the length of pre-bleaching thermal stress, defined here as temperatures above the monthly maximum mean (MMM) for Heron Island but below the local bleaching threshold (MMM + 2°C). However, we find that the P. damicornis microbiome remains stable over time regardless of the degree of thermal stress and the accumulation of pre-bleaching thermal stress. Our study therefore suggests that while P. damicornis is physiologically impacted by bleaching temperatures, the microbial community identified through 16S rRNA sequencing remains unchanged at the ASV level throughout bleaching. Understanding the capacity of a generalist species to withstand bleaching events is imperative to characterizing what coral species will exist on coral reefs following disturbances, as it has been suggested that the success of environmental generalist species may simplify community structure and lead to changes in biodiversity following environmental disturbance.