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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Spéciation de l’uranium“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Spéciation de l’uranium"
Bucher, Guillaume. „Développements analytiques pour la spéciation de l’uranium dans les branchies du poisson zèbre (Danio rerio) après exposition“. Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to study the cellular compartmentalization and the chelation of uranium (U) by cytosolic proteins of gill cells of the zebrafish (Danio rerio, model species in aquatic toxicology) under different direct exposure conditions (chronic vs. acute, 20 and 250 µg.L 1). This study required the development of hyphenated techniques (SEC, IEF off-gel, RP-UHPLC for the separation, ICP-SFMS, ESI-FTMS/MS for the detection) with the main challenges of maintaining the non-covalent U-biomolecule interactions and enhancing sensitivity for the analysis of environmentally relevant samples. After extraction, 24% to 32% of the total U detected in the gills were present in the cytosolic fraction, in which the U distribution on the biomolecules (as a function of their MW and pI) varied depending on the exposure level. Finally, U target biomolecules mapping allowed us (i) to highlight a particular affinity of U for acidic and/or P-containing proteins and (ii) to identify 24 protein candidates for U binding
Tailliez, Antoine. „Effet de l’exsudation de citrate chez le lupin blanc sur la phytodisponibilité de l’uranium“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4335/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study is related to the context of pedosphere contamination increasing and chose to consider this issue through a focus on rhizosphere and mechanisms that govern its evolution. This work is oriented on the relation between uranium – a non-essential ubiquitous metal – and citrate – a low molecular weight organic acid exudated by specific species when grown on a phosphorus-deficient environment. Among these particular species white lupine (Lupinus albus) is considered as a model species. Furthermore, a natural soil containing huge amounts of uranium has been collected at the outcrop of a pitchblende vein and used during some experiments. The main aim of this PhD thesis was to determine if the root activity of white lupine is sufficient to cause the remobilization of uranium into soil solution and so to promote the transfer of this contaminant to the plant. The soil/plant system has been studied with rhizotests and by combining datas obtained with hydroponics experiments and batches tests. It has been demonstrated that the presence of uranium in a controlled growth medium (hydropony) stimulates citrate exudation in P-sufficient white lupine. More, this citrate exudation enhances uranium solubilization in soil solution in batches. These results have been confirmed by observations on rhizotest even if the values in this case were more nuanced. This justifies the employed approaches and highlights their coherence and complementarity. The results also allowed to provide additional information concerning uranium toxicity, its internalization in root cells as well as its transfer from roots to aerial parts
Lefebvre, Pierre. „Évolution à long terme de la spéciation et de la mobilité de l’uranium dans les sédiments et les sols : processus naturels d'enrichissement en uranium dans le bassin versant du Lac Nègre“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS292.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the geochemical behavior of uranium (U) in the environment is crucial for the limitation of U dissemination in contaminated systems. The primary objective of this thesis was to determine the potential evolution of noncrystalline U phases over thousand years in naturally U-rich lacustrine sediments (up to more than 1000 µg/g) from Lake Nègre, in the Mercantour-Argentera Massif (South-East France). Using U isotopic ratios (δ238U and (234U/238U)) and U L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we show that U is first deposited as organic-bound mononuclear species and is readily reduced to U(IV). In less than 700 years, these species transform into U(IV)-silica polymers with a local structure close to that of coffinite (USiO4·nH2O). This transformation highlights the role of ligand abundance in limiting the precipitation of crystalline U phases, but only slightly reduces the lability of uranium which potential mobility remains significant even after several thousand years. At the watershed scale, U originates from fractures in the granitic bedrock and is subsequently scavenged in the soils, especially in the wetland upstream of the lake (up to > 5000 µg/g), before being transported through erosion. Uranium scavenging in the soils occurs through complexation by organic matter including particular biological structures, followed by partial reduction to U(IV). U is thus mainly present in mononuclear species but also in polymeric U(VI) phases which may potentially result from U aging after thousand years of accumulation
Husson, Angélique. „Impact de la composition minéralogique des sédiments sur la biodisponibilité de l’Uranium ˸ Une approche intégrant laboratoire-terrain-bioindicateur-calcul de spéciation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe European Water Framework Directive introduced in 2000 has allowed to establish numerous quality environment standards for the last 18 years for compounds stemming from anthropic activity. However, the natural presence of uranium in the environment as well as itsreactivity complicates the construction of standards. The transfer of uranium betweensediment, water and the biological compartment is complex. Indeed, the passage of uranium through the cellular membrane can depend on the mineralogical composition as well as on the physico-chemical parameters. The objective of this study is to bring scientific foundationsaround these various parameters and hence to determine their impact on the accumulation.This way, the future definition of these new standards (NQE) takes into account the notion of bioavailability of contaminants. The strong impact of mineralogical phases such as ferrihydrite is both demonstrated in a post-mining context as well as within experiments in laboratory, as opposed to the quartz whose sorption capacity is low. A correlation is noted between the accumulation obtained by bioindicator “Chironomus riparius” and the one measured by a system of integrative passive sensors called DGT. This correlation is linked to the presence of potentially bioavailable species such as UO2OH2(aq), whose abundance is obtained by speciation calculations. These first conclusions give scientific foundations to feed the debate around the construction of the environment quality standards
Dargent, Maxime. „Spéciation et réduction de l’U(VI) dans les fluides chlorurés acides en conditions hydrothermales : du transport au dépôt de l’uranium dans les gisements sous discordance“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0278/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCirculations of acidic chloride brines are associated with unconformity-related uranium (URU) deposits. The spectacular high grade combined with the large tonnage of these deposits is at the origin of the key questions concerning the geological processes responsible for U transport and precipitation. The aim of this work is to performed experimental studies of U6+ speciation and its reduction to U4+ subsequently precipitation to UO2 under hydrothermal condition. About U transport, the study of U6+ speciation in acidic brines at high temperature is performed by Raman spectroscopy and XAS, showing the coexistence of several uranyl chloride complexes UO2Cln2-n (n=0-5). From this study, complexation constants are proposed. The strong capability of chloride to complex uranyl is at the origin of the transport of U6+ at high concentration in acidic chloride brines. Concerning U precipitation, the reactivity of four potential reductants under conditions relevant for URU deposits genesis is investigated: H2, CH4, Fe2+ and the C-graphite. The kinetics of reduction reaction is measured as a function of temperature, salinity, pH and concentration of reductant. H2, CH4, and the C-graphite are very efficient while Fe2+ is not able to reduce U6+ in same conditions. These mobile and efficient gaseous reductant could be at the origin of the extremely focus and massive character of ore in URU deposits. Finally, first partition coefficients UO2/fluid of trace elements are obtained. This last part opens-up new perspectives on (i) REE signatures interpretation for a given type of U deposit (ii) and reconstruction of mineralizing fluids composition