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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Spatial orientation and independent mobility“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Spatial orientation and independent mobility"
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Ruzickova, Veronika, und Katerina Kroupova. „AUDIOTACTILE MAPS AS A FACILITATING ELEMENT IN SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY“. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (20.05.2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol4.5090.
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Tactile graphics represent an important means to overcome or alleviate the information deficit resulting from the loss of visual perception. The research framework of the paper is focused on a primary probe into the field of application of tactile graphics in the spatial orientation of people with visual impairment in the sense of development of spatial imagination and improvement of independent movement through the use of audiotactile maps. The chosen topic is viewed from the perspective of professionals working with people with visual impairment as well as the clients with visual impairment themselves. Partial results of the study are presented, focusing on the overall attitude of people with visual impairment to tactile graphics and their application potential, which adds to the overall picture of contemporary reality in the field of tactile graphics, with an emphasis on usability in spatial orientation and independent movement. The research has shown the considerable potential of tactile graphics in the development of spatial imagination. In connection with these conclusions, modern 3D maps with auditory elements were designed and will be also presented in the paper.
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Palazesi, Margot A. „The Need for Motor Development Programs for Visually Impaired Preschoolers“. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 80, Nr. 2 (Februar 1986): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8608000203.
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Visually impaired children have difficulty acquiring spatial orientation concepts necessary for proficient locomotive movements and independent mobility. The majority of past research on remedying spatial deficits has focused on older visually impaired individuals. It is the purpose of this paper to advocate the development of movement programs for preschool visually impaired children in order to compensate for their orientation deficits. Skills necessary for acquisition of spatial concepts should be taught through movement programs at an early age in the normal developmental sequence instead of attempting to remedy deficits at a later age.
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Teskeredžić, Amela, und Hurma Begić-Jahić. „THE IMPACT OF GEOMETRY KNOWLEDGE ON THE ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY OF BLIND STUDENTS“. Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 9, Nr. 2 (September 2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091903.
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The problem of blindness and other visual impairment is very important because it affects millions of people in the world. For those suffering from innate visual impairment, it is very difficult to imagine the world like it is, the fight begins from early school stages and continues until the end of life. This paper describes how the learning of basic geometric shapes, and their different positions, has an impact on the formation of a mental scheme in orientation and mobility. Geometry and its knowledge represent only one small part necessary for a safer and more independent movement of blind people. The research has shown that the quarterly individual work, on the adoption of geometric concepts and positions in students, is making progress in overcoming the recent problems. Spatial visualization implies understanding and imaginary movements, which, with spatial orientation and recognition of parts and relationships in the micro and macro environment, require mental rotation in relation to the position of the body. Therefore, it all together influences the formation of the mental scheme of the blind people, which is the basis for orientation and movement.
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Ojala, Stina, Riitta Lahtinen und Helinä Hirn. „Tactile maps – Finnish O&M instructors’ experiences on usability and accessibility“. Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare 9, Nr. 4 (29.11.2017): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.65134.
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For a person with a visual impairment, the quality of life means independence and equality with the sighted people. For this, independent travel and navigation is essential. Orientation within different types of environments is a challenge and tactile maps are key elements for this. It can also be used for learning about new routes independently. A tactile map is an image of spatial information and figure that uses raised lines and surfaces when introducing a certain area in 3D form. For a public tactile map to be useful, it has to contain consistent information for the user.
In this study we present results from a survey for the orientation and mobility (O&M) instructors of Finland about usability and ideas for improvement concerning public tactile maps. We sent the survey questionnaire for 30 O&M instructors by electronic mail and there was also a possibility to answer by paper. Altogether we received 24 answers. The main finding was that most of the O&M instructors did not use public tactile maps during the sessions.
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Kocurová, Petra, und Alžběta Bílková. „Sustainability of Street Space in Built-Up Territory in the Case of Barrier-Free Use“. Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 17, Nr. 1 (01.06.2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2017-0008.
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Abstract The street space is perceived as the multi-element dynamic public space. A diverse group of users with the often conflicting requirements is intertwined with it. To ensure the adequate utilization and hence its sustainability, it is essential to predict these claims for the future users in the already designed public spaces. However, in the already built-up area these tools reduce problems and increase the functionality of a limited area. The recovery by the creation of a functionally stable environment (safety, clarity, accessibility, attractiveness) for all user groups in urban settlements and creates a pleasant place to stay, work, live and relax. One of the risky groups with the specific requirements for the use of a public space are the people with limited mobility. This group is often physically or mentally disadvantaged in the comparison to the others. In the solution of a street area we have to deal with structural modifications to ensure an independent movement and orientation, for people with limited mobility or vision. Especially for blind and partially sighted people it is necessary to know and respect the principles and techniques of a spatial orientation. The environment which is created by construction has to produce information in sufficient quantities and quality adequate, so that street space is seen as a collection of various points, lines and characters for visually impaired people who would choose the indicatively important phenomena. The rules of barrier-free use, although legally binding, are in many cases incorrectly applied in practice. Nescience of these principles, their poor application and intensity of spatial orientation in urban environment often leads to disorientation for these users, the feeling of psychological isolation and often to the accidents. The article focuses on solving the existing street space in cities in a relation to the barrier-free use.
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Brayda, Luca, Fabrizio Leo, Caterina Baccelliere, Elisabetta Ferrari und Claudia Vigini. „Updated Tactile Feedback with a Pin Array Matrix Helps Blind People to Reduce Self-Location Errors“. Micromachines 9, Nr. 7 (14.07.2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9070351.
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Autonomous navigation in novel environments still represents a challenge for people with visual impairment (VI). Pin array matrices (PAM) are an effective way to display spatial information to VI people in educative/rehabilitative contexts, as they provide high flexibility and versatility. Here, we tested the effectiveness of a PAM in VI participants in an orientation and mobility task. They haptically explored a map showing a scaled representation of a real room on the PAM. The map further included a symbol indicating a virtual target position. Then, participants entered the room and attempted to reach the target three times. While a control group only reviewed the same, unchanged map on the PAM between trials, an experimental group also received an updated map representing, in addition, the position they previously reached in the room. The experimental group significantly improved across trials by having both reduced self-location errors and reduced completion time, unlike the control group. We found that learning spatial layouts through updated tactile feedback on programmable displays outperforms conventional procedures on static tactile maps. This could represent a powerful tool for navigation, both in rehabilitation and everyday life contexts, improving spatial abilities and promoting independent living for VI people.
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Bujacz, Michał, und Paweł Strumiłło. „Sonification: Review of Auditory Display Solutions in Electronic Travel Aids for the Blind“. Archives of Acoustics 41, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0040.
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Abstract Sonification is defined as presentation of information by means of non-speech audio. In assistive technologies for the blind, sonification is most often used in electronic travel aids (ETAs) - devices which aid in independent mobility through obstacle detection or help in orientation and navigation. The presented review contains an authored classification of various sonification schemes implemented in the most widely known ETAs. The review covers both those commercially available and those in various stages of research, according to the input used, level of signal processing algorithm used and sonification methods. Additionally, a sonification approach developed in the Naviton project is presented. The prototype utilizes stereovision scene reconstruction, obstacle and surface segmentation and spatial HRTF filtered audio with discrete musical sounds and was successfully tested in a pilot study with blind volunteers in a controlled environment, allowing to localize and navigate around obstacles.
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Weinberger, Nora, Markus Winkelmann, Karin Müller, Sebastian Ritterbusch und Rainer Stiefelhagen. „Public Participation in the Development Process of a Mobility Assistance System for Visually Impaired Pedestrians“. Societies 9, Nr. 2 (27.04.2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020032.
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Blind and visually impaired people have to cope with the safe movement through public space and the (lack of) knowledge of spatial issues and walkable routes. These challenges often lead to a fear of accidents and collisions, frequently also of disorientation. This, in turn, can result in a reduced radius of action, restricted mobility, and later on, in social isolation. Against this background, the project TERRAIN aims at developing a technical guidance system for orientation and navigation in urban space. For the development of this assistance system, the project pursues an approach in which reflexive, responsive, and deliberative dimensions have been integrated to address the ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) in a co-design process. This paper focuses on the participation of citizens independent of vision impairments in the project which provided a variety of relevant indications of impacts and potential technical adaptations from an ‘outer’ point of view. In addition, conclusions can be drawn about the existing desirability and acceptance of the technical solution among the potential users as well as their social environment of potential users. In addition, it turned out that the citizen participation process raised different expectations among the project partners. Therefore, this article evaluates the participation results from the perspective of the technology developers and the technology assessors.
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Imhof, Lorenz, Susanne Suter-Riederer und Jürg Kesselring. „Effects of Mobility-Enhancing Nursing Intervention in Patients with MS and Stroke: Randomised Controlled Trial“. International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (17.02.2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/785497.
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Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) or stroke causes functional impairment which can have a major impact on patients’ life. Objectives. This RCT investigated the effect of a new nursing intervention (Mobility Enhancing Nursing Intervention—MFP) designed to improve rehabilitation outcomes. Method. The study took place in a rehabilitation clinic in Switzerland. One hundred forty participants diagnosed with MS, stroke, and brain injuries were randomly assigned to control group (CG = standard care) or intervention group (IG). The IG combined standard care with 30 days of MFB. MFP placed patients on a mattress on the floor and used tactile-kinaesthetic stimulation to increase spatial orientation and independency. Outcomes were functionality (Extended Barthel Index, EBI), quality of life (WHOQoL), and fall-related self-efficacy (FES-I). Results. There was a significant main effect of the intervention on functionality (EBI-diff/day mean = 0.30, versus mean = 0.16, P=0.008). There was also a significant main effect on QoL (WHOQoL-diff mean = 13.8, versus mean = 5.4, P=0.046). No significant effect was observed on fall-related self-efficacy. Conclusions. The positive effect of MFP on rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life suggests that this specialized nursing intervention could become an effective part of rehabilitation programs. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of St. Gallen (KEK-SG Nr. 09/021) and registered at ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02198599.
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McGEE, P. Maria, Hoa TEUSCHLER und Jie LIANG. „Effective electrostatic charge of coagulation factor X in solution and on phospholipid membranes: implications for activation mechanisms and structure–function relationships of the Gla domain“. Biochemical Journal 330, Nr. 1 (15.02.1998): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3300533.
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Electrostatic interactions during activation of coagulation factor X were analysed by comparing effects of ionic strength on reaction rates with predictions of classical electrostatic theory. Geometrical correlations were investigated using alpha-shape-based computations on the crystal structure of Ca-fragment 1 of prothrombin. The ionic strength of the reaction environment was controlled with different univalent salts including NaCl, KCl, CsCl, LiCl, NaI, NaBr and KI. Reactions were assembled in three different environments: aqueous phase, cell membranes and synthetic TF/PS/PC (tissue factor relipidated in 30% phosphatidylserine, 70% phosphatidylcholine) vesicles. Reaction rates were measured at pH 7.2, 4 mM CaCl2 and 33 °C, using chromogenic substrate to follow factor Xa generation. Rates decreased with increasing concentration of univalent salt, and the magnitude of the decrease was independent of salt type. On the basis of electrostatic relationships on PS/PC vesicles, the effective charge on factor X was +1.5, and the PS/factor X stoichiometry was 2.28. Structural analysis of the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain revealed three surface pockets, forming potential sites for Ca2+ binding, with distinct spatial orientations. Interpreted together, the results of the geometric analysis and the measured effective charges suggest an efficient electrostatic mechanism for capture and retention of substrates by procoagulant membranes. Non-specific and delocalized interaction between the membrane and each one of the charged facets of the Gla domain can increase the probability of substrate binding, while allowing rotational and translational mobility of substrate for specific interaction with the enzyme.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Spatial orientation and independent mobility"
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Kevdžija, Maja [Verfasser], Gesine [Gutachter] Marquardt und Ružica [Gutachter] Božović-Stamenović. „Mobility-Supporting Rehabilitation Clinics : Architectural design criteria for promoting stroke patients’ independent mobility and accommodating their changing spatial needs during the transition towards recovery / Maja Kevdzija ; Gutachter: Gesine Marquardt, Ružica Božović-Stamenović“. Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227833903/34.
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Borges, João Miguel Ferrão de Aboim. „Percept walk“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16942.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Design, com a especialização em Design apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.O presente projecto de investigação teve como objecto de estudo, o desenvolvimento de um sistema de wayfinding orientado para a pessoa idosa em condição de baixa visão em meio hospitalar, que lhes permitisse moverem-se de forma autónoma e independente. O envelhecimento da população é uma realidade e esta faixa da população, representa os que em maior número se deslocam a hospitais, por diferentes questões relacionadas com a sua saúde. Para esta investigação, foi identificada uma unidade hospitalar, o IOGP - Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, que desenvolve a sua actividade, em exclusivo, no acompanhamento e tratamento de questões relacionadas com a visão. Esta investigação, permitiu aferir junto de pessoas com idade superior a 65 anos e em condição de baixa visão, as suas limitações visuais e motoras, assim como as suas percepções reais na interpretação do ambiente que as rodeia e como se referenciam para se deslocarem. Assim, foi possível poder estruturar e desenvolver um conceito de orientação em espaços, suportado por informação visual e táctil adaptada às suas limitações, que permitisse uma circulação orientada e independente nesses espaços, tornando-os mais acessíveis na forma de exposição da informação veiculada e, consequentemente, promotora de melhor mobilidade e qualidade de vida. O estudo do espaço, a distribuição dos serviços e o questionar as equipas técnicas quanto à funcionalidade e o grau de interpelação que os utentes realizam para identificação dos destinos no edifício, foram determinantes na análise espacial. Só desta forma se puderam identificar as particulares necessidades e parametrizar o objectivo final desta investigação, isto é, estabelecer um conceito ou matriz para a definição da forma de representação da informação visual e háptica, como processo de uma percepção mais sensorial dos espaços e ambientes - usufruir, fluir e sentir os espaços através da visão e do tacto. Um sistema de informação adaptado às limitações da percepção visual deste grupo-alvo, pode representar um passo na consciência de que a informação de orientação pode ser desenvolvida num espectro mais alargado e inclusivo.
ABSTRACT: This research project had as object of study, the development of a wayfinding system oriented to the elderly in low vision condition in hospitals, that would allow them to move in an autonomous and independent way. Population aging’ is a reality and this range of the population, represents those who more access hospitals, due to different situations related to their health. For this research, a hospital unit was chosen, the IOGP - Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, that develops its activity, exclusively in following and treating issues related with vision. This research project have permitted to gauge within people over 65 years old and with low vision, their visual and motor impairments, as well as, their real perceptions in the environment interpretation and how they define their landmarks when moving., So it was possible to structure and develop a space orientation concept, supported by visual and tactile information adapted to their limitations, that would allow an oriented and independent circulation in those spaces, making them more accessible in the way information is expressed and consequently, allowing a better mobility and life quality. The study of the space, the distribution of services and the questioning of the technical teams regarding the functionality and the degree of interpellation that the users will achieve to identify the destinations in the building, were determinant in the spatial analysis. Only in this way were identified the particular needs and parametrize the final objective of this research, that is, to establish a concept or matrix for the definition of way of representing the visual and sensory-motor information as a process in a more sensorial perception of the spaces and environments - enjoy, circulate and feel the spaces through vision and touch. The creation of an information system adapted to the limitations of perceptual vision in this target group are a step towards the conscience that the orientation information can be developed in a wider spectrum and inclusive view.
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Filho, Jaldomir da Silva. „Princípios para o design de audionavegação em ambientes públicos para pessoas com deficiência visual“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-26062017-115225/.
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As pessoas com deficiência compreendem uma parcela da população as quais as formas de planejamento dos espaços urbanos causam impacto direto em sua qualidade de vida, sendo a incapacidade visual a mais abrangente entre as deficiências, acometendo mais de 35 milhões de pessoas no Brasil. Nas últimas décadas, as normas e leis brasileiras de promoção da acessibilidade buscam criar condições para que as pessoas com deficiências possam ter uma vida social e econômica mais ativa, por meio do uso dos preceitos do design universal nos projetos de acessibilidade para espaços públicos e meios de transporte. No entanto, definir regulamentos e normas tem se mostrado insuficiente, pois a simples padronização de recursos físicos, como pisos táteis, não garantem a autonomia para o deslocamento das pessoas com deficiência visual. Paralelo às adequações dos espaços públicos para a acessibilidade, algumas tecnologias eletrônicas têm sido desenvolvidas de forma efetiva para o design universal, dentre elas as atuais formas de audiodescrição de programas de TV, cinemas e teatros, assim como o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de voz sintetizada para quepessoas com deficiência visual possam fazer uso dos portáteis smartphones. Neste estudo, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e experimentos em ambientes controlados e ambientes públicos, utilizando-se de técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa para o levantamento, registro e análise de informações, por meio da observação de voluntários com deficiência visual, enquanto utilizavam um modelo primordial de equipamento com voz digital para orientá-los em três ambientes públicos na cidade de São Paulo, compreendendo uma movimentada estação de metrô, uma calçada a céu aberto e uma instituição pública de cultura. Os experimentos demonstraram que os voluntários com deficiência visual podem utilizar um formato adequado de audiodescrição para a orientação e mobilidade, contanto que sejam consideradas peculiaridades que relacionem a velocidade de marcha de pessoas com deficiência visual com os processos cognitivos pertinentes à audição e à percepção ambiental. Por consequência, esta pesquisa oferece princípios para o design de audionavegação, por meio de readequações na audiodescrição para abranger os conceitos de orientação e mobilidade, de modo a possibilitar sua aplicação em projetos de interfaces eletrônicas portáteis com voz sintetizada para orientar pessoas com deficiência visual, buscando assim um incrementando na autonomia dessas pessoas para seu wayfinding em ambientes públicos e transportes de massa.The people with disabilities comprise a portion of the population whose forms of planning in urban spaces have a direct impact on their quality of life, with visual impairment being the most comprehensive among disabilities, affecting more than35 million individuals in Brazil. In the last decades, the Brazilian norms and laws to promote accessibility seek to create conditions for people with disabilities to have a more active social and economic life, through the use of universal design precepts in the projects of accessibility for public spaces and mass transports. However, setting regulations and norms has proved insufficient, since the simple standardization of physical resources, such as tactile floors, do not guarantee autonomy for the displacement of visually impaired people. Parallel to the adaptations of public spaces for accessibility, some electronic technologies have been effectively developed for the universal design, amongst them the present forms of audiodescription of TV programs, cinemas and theaters, as well as the development of synthesized voice technologies so that people with visual disabilities can make use of portable smartphones. In this study, in addition to relevant bibliographical research, practical experiments were carried out in controlled and public environments, applying qualitative research techniques for the collection, recording and analysis of information through the observation of volunteers with visual impairment, using a primordial model of equipment with digital voice technology to guide them in three public spaces in the city of São Paulo, comprising a busy subway station, a sidewalk and a public cultural institution. The experiments have shown that visually impaired volunteers can use an appropriate format of audiodescription for orientation and mobility, as long as they are considered peculiarities that relate the visually impaired people walking speed to cognitive processes relevant to hearing and for environmental perception. As a result, this research offers principles for the audionavigation design, through adjustments in audiodescription to include the orientation and mobility concepts, enabling its application in projects of portable electronic interfaces with synthesized voice to guide visually impaired people, seeking an increase in wayfinding autonomy for these people when in public environments and mass transports.
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Perry, Jill, und University of Lethbridge School of Health Sciences. „Designed for life : disabled/enabled at home“. Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, School of Health Sciences, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/734.
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Using a phenomenological hermeneutic methodology, this thesis describes the lived experience of people with mobility impairments in the context of their home environment. Nine individuals with mobility impairments were interviewed at length regarding their experiences in their homes. From the resulting narratives, the data were arranged under three thematic statements: Doing my thing, Being myself, and Evolving with my environment. The study highlights the interdependent nature of the person-environment-occupation relationship and reveals the potential for an enabling home design to affect all areas of human occupation (self-care, productivity and leisure). The efficient performance of self-care activities in the home emerged as being somewhat predictive of the extent to which participants were involved in the areas of productivity and leisure. This thesis offers support for the social model of disability and illuminates the need for incorporating universal design in all homes.x, 98 leaves ; 29 cm. --
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Bertlová, Barbora. „Analýza navigačního systému RightHear v budově Pedagogické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446278.
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The aim of the thesis is to provide a qualitative analysis of the RightHear navigation system in the building of the Faculty of Education, Charles University (Magdalény Rettigové 4, Prague) as a means of providing assistance with spatial navigation and independent mobility to visually impaired people. In the introduction, the thesis provides an overview of various aids and systems supporting independent mobility of the visually impaired. It also discusses the RightHear navigation system. The research part of the thesis analyses the current configuration of the RightHear system and proposes ways to improve it in the Faculty of Education building. The research utilised the methods of participatory observation and an unstructured in-depth interview with two consultants. The output of the thesis is a proposal for a new configuration of the RightHear navigation system in the building and suggestions for general rules for creating descriptions used for indoor navigation with RightHear. This output is based on knowledge of spatial orientation, independent mobility of visually impaired people and indoor navigation systems as well as the consultants' comments. The thesis includes specific conclusions and recommendations for practice and future research.
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Kevdzija, Maja. „Mobility-Supporting Rehabilitation Clinics: Architectural design criteria for promoting stroke patients’ independent mobility and accommodating their changing spatial needs during the transition towards recovery“. 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70672.
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Rehabilitation clinics remain until this day a greatly unexplored topic from the perspective of architectural design. Stroke is the most common condition that is treated in neurological rehabilitation clinics in Germany and it is a disease that causes the most complex disability. Since stroke numbers are expected to constantly grow in the future, there is a definite need for understanding the stroke survivors’ spatial needs and for accommodating them in the built environment in a way that supports their recovery process and their life after rehabilitation. This PhD thesis aims at contributing to this wide knowledge gap and at introducing new research directions focusing on the relationship between stroke patients’ and the rehabilitation built environments.
Rehabilitation clinics were chosen as the research setting for this study as the environments that stroke survivors encounter after the hospital stay and where they undergo a challenging rehabilitation process with the goal of returning home to their normal lives. This rehabilitation process involves living in rehabilitation clinics for a certain period and attending various types of therapies led by a multidisciplinary team, with multiple therapies per day, every day of the week. This type of intensive therapy is important for stroke patients since the greatest amount of functional recovery can be expected in the first 3 to 6 months after the stroke onset.
German neurological rehabilitation clinics are commonly transformed from other functions or newly built without evidence-based knowledge about the spatial needs of their patients. This practice creates barriers in the built environment for patients, likely hindering their recovery process and negatively influencing their psychological well-being. These barriers can most directly influence and hinder patients’ mobility within the clinic. Mobility, as the main goal of stroke rehabilitation, is often not well-supported in the built environment of rehabilitation clinics. This study, therefore, focuses on identifying barriers and facilitators to mobility in rehabilitation clinics and their architectural properties and the different experiences of patients with different mobility levels.
Three empirical research methods were used to investigate the relationship between the stroke inpatients’ mobility and the built environment of rehabilitation clinics: patient shadowing, patient questionnaire and staff questionnaire. These three methods were the elements of Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) applied in seven German neurological rehabilitation clinics over the period between September 2016 and May 2018. The results show that the built environment of rehabilitation clinics hinders patients’ mobility in five main aspects: challenging wayfinding, long distances, insufficient dimensions of corridors, floor surfaces and physical obstacles. It was also found that mobility facilitators are greatly lacking. Stroke patients with the lower levels of mobility, and especially patients using a wheelchair, were found the most vulnerable to the identified barriers. Patients were also greatly inactive during their time in the clinic since 50% of the day was spent in patient rooms. They also expressed a wish for a greater variety of common spaces within the clinic. The absence of motivating spaces was likely to be another important reason for patients’ inactivity, besides the avoidance of various barriers.
The architectural properties of the identified barriers and facilitators were used to develop a catalogue of architectural design guidelines that present a new model for rehabilitation buildings: the transitional model. The given recommendations are based on the obtained study results and the experience of living in rehabilitation clinics and observing their daily life for 14 weeks. The catalogue of guidelines is intended for architects, medical professionals and others included in the process of planning a rehabilitation clinic. The main goal is to provide directly applicable evidence-based recommendations for mobility supporting clinics and to facilitate the dialogue between different professions involved in the planning process.Rehabilitationskliniken sind bis heute ein aus architektonischer Sicht wenig erforschtes Thema. Schlaganfall ist die häufigste Erkrankung, die in neurologischen Rehabilitationskliniken in Deutschland behandelt wird und die die komplexeste Beeinträchtigung verursacht. Da zu erwarten ist, dass die Anzahl der Schlaganfälle in Zukunft stetig zunimmt, müssen die räumlichen Bedürfnisse der Schlaganfallpatienten unbedingt begriffen und in der gebauten Umgebung so untergebracht werden, dass ihr Genesungsprozess und ihr Leben nach der Rehabilitation unterstützt werden. Diese Dissertation zielt darauf ab, zu dieser breiten Wissenslücke beizutragen und neue Forschungsrichtungen einzuführen, die sich auf die Beziehung zwischen Schlaganfallpatienten und der rehabilitierten Umgebung konzentrieren. Rehabilitationskliniken wurden als Forschungsumgebung für diese Studie ausgewählt, da sie nach dem Krankenhausaufenthalt von Schlaganfallpatienten heimgesucht werden und sich dort einem herausfordernden Rehabilitationsprozess unterziehen, um zu ihrem normalen Leben zurückzukehren. Dieser Behandlungsprozess beinhaltet das Leben in Rehabilitationskliniken für einen bestimmten Zeitraum und die Teilnahme an verschiedenen Arten von Therapien, die von einem multidisziplinären Team mit mehreren Therapien pro Tag an jedem Tag der Woche durchgeführt werden. Diese intensive Therapieform ist wichtig für Schlaganfallpatienten, da in den ersten 3 bis 6 Monaten nach dem Schlaganfall mit der größten Wiederherstellung der Funktion gerechnet werden kann. Deutsche neurologische Rehabilitationskliniken werden häufig von anderen Funktionen umgestaltet oder ohne evidenzbasiertes Wissen über die räumlichen Bedürfnisse ihrer Patienten neu errichtet. Dieses Vorgehen schafft Barrieren in der gebauten Umgebung für Patienten, die wahrscheinlich ihren Genesungsprozess behindern und ihr psychisches Wohlbefinden negativ beeinflussen. Diese Barrieren behindern auch die Mobilität der Patienten in der Klinik. Mobilität als Hauptziel der Schlaganfallrehabilitation wird in der bebauten Umgebung von Rehabilitationskliniken häufig nicht gut unterstützt. Diese Studie konzentriert sich daher auf die Identifizierung von Barrieren, die Erleichterungen für die Mobilität in Rehabilitationskliniken und deren architektonischen Eigenschaften, sowie auf die unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen von Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Mobilitätsniveaus. Drei empirische Forschungsmethoden wurden verwendet, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Mobilität von Schlaganfallpatienten und der gebauten Umgebung von Rehabilitationskliniken zu untersuchen: Patienten-Shadowing, Patientenfragebogen und Mitarbeiterfragebogen. Diese drei Methoden waren die Elemente der Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE), die in sieben deutschen neurologischen Rehabilitationskliniken im Zeitraum von September 2016 bis Mai 2018 angewendet wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bebaute Umgebung von Rehabilitationskliniken die Mobilität der Patienten in fünf Hauptaspekten behindert: Herausfordernde Orientierung, große Entfernungen, unzureichende Abmessungen der Korridore, Bodenflächen und physische Hindernisse, sowie ein Mangel an Unterstützungselemente der Mobilität. Schlaganfallpatienten mit eingeschränkter Mobilität und insbesondere Patienten, die einen Rollstuhl benutzen, waren am anfälligsten für die festgestellten Hindernisse. Die Patienten waren auch während ihrer Zeit in der Klinik sehr inaktiv, da 50% des Tages in Patientenzimmern verbracht wurden. Die Patienten wünschten sich mehr Abwechslung in den Gemeinschaftsräumen der Klinik. Das Fehlen von motivationsfördernde Bereiche ist wahrscheinlich ein weiterer wichtiger Grund für die Inaktivität der Patienten, neben der Vermeidung verschiedener Hindernisse. Die architektonischen Eigenschaften der identifizierten Barrieren und Unterstützungselemente wurden verwendet, um einen Katalog von Empfehlungen für die architektonische Gestaltung zu entwickeln, in dem ein neues Modell für Rehabilitationseinrichtungen vorgestellt wird: das Übergangsmodell. Die gegebenen Empfehlungen basieren auf den erhaltenen Studienergebnissen und der Erfahrung der Beobachtung der Abläufe in Rehabilitationskliniken für 14 Wochen. Der Empefehlungskatalog richtet sich an Architekten, Mediziner und andere Personen, die an der Planung einer Rehabilitationsklinik beteiligt sind. Hauptziel ist es, direkt anwendbare evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für mobilitätsunterstützende Kliniken bereitzustellen und den Dialog zwischen verschiedenen am Planungsprozess beteiligten Berufen zu erleichtern.
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Bedlánová, Eva. „Prostorová orientace a samostatný pohyb dětí se zrakovým a kombinovaným postižením“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356163.
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The topic of this thesis is spatial orientation and navigation in children with combined visual impairment. This study introduces different theoretical stages and compares different attitudes of families, teachers and counselors. Furthermore this study is to identify various levels of parents' awareness of this problem. Qualitative research based on interviews has been used for this observation. The objective of this thesis is to create an information brochure which should then serve as an aid and support for parents with visually impaired children. Such brochure should include basic information about spatial orientation and navigation, as well as it should share personal experience and relevant advice useful in daily life. Recent research suggests that parents of visually impaired children learn about these issues mainly from special education centers or Early Care. Materials obtained at said institutions were, according to research, insufficient. However the availability of these materials was satisfactory. Children with impairment need specific and individual approach and teachers, parents and counselors, when working with children with visual impairment, seem to often focus on different subjects.
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Klášterková, Denisa. „Možnosti ovlivnění motivace při nácviku speciálních aktivit u osob se zrakovým postižením“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322702.
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The diploma thesis focuses on special activities used with visually impaired individuals such as spatial orientation and independent movement activities. The thesis is based both on literature and questionnaires filled in by parents and interviews with children who take spatial orientation and independent movement courses. The first part of this thesis is characteristics of children with severe visual impairment. Next chapter is dedicated to visual defects and injuries of children, including special pedagogy diagnostics. The third chapter deals with special activities used with visual impaired individuals, specifically self-service, training of signing one's self, spatial orientation and independent movement. The final part consists of research - questionnaires and interviews with children who attend spatial orientation and independent movement courses. Keywords: visually impaired, self-service, training of signing one's self, spatial orientation and independent movement.
Bücher zum Thema "Spatial orientation and independent mobility"
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Cutter, Joseph. Promoting independent movement and travel in blind children: A developmental orientation and mobility approach. Charlotte, NC: IAP, 2007.
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H, Warren David, Strelow Edward R und North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., Hrsg. Electronic spatial sensing for the blind: Contributions from perception, rehabilitation, and computer vision. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1985.
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Willoughby, Doris. Modular instruction for independent travel for students who are blind or visually impaired: Preschool through high school. Baltimore, MD: National Federation of the Blind, 1998.
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Warren, D. H. Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind: Contributions From Perception, Rehabilitation, And Computer Vision. Springer, 2010.
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Griffin-Shirley, Nora, und Laura Bozeman. O & M for independent living: Strategies for teaching orientation and mobility to older adults. 2016.
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Independent Movement and Travel in Blind Children: A Promotion Model (PB) (Critical Concerns in Blindness) (Critical Concerns in Blindness). Information Age Publishing, 2007.
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Independent Movement and Travel in Blind Children: A Promotion Model (HC) (Critical Concerns in Blindness) (Critical Concerns in Blindness). Information Age Publishing, 2007.
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(Editor), D. H. Warren, und Edward R. Strelow (Editor), Hrsg. Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind: Contributions from Perception, Rehabilitation, and Computer Vision (NATO Science Series E:). Springer, 1985.
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Scolari, Miranda, Edward F. Ester und John T. Serences. Feature- and Object-Based Attentional Modulation in the Human Visual System. Herausgegeben von Anna C. (Kia) Nobre und Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.009.
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To increase efficiency, sensory systems process only a subset of available inputs in accord with the behavioural goals of the observer. The mechanisms that support the prioritization of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, referred to collectively as selective attention, can operate on the basis of spatial location (space-based attention), low-level visual features (e.g. orientation or colour; feature-based attention), or holistic objects (object-based attention). This chapter reviews human behavioural, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging data pertaining to the effects and control of the latter two mechanisms. Based on an increasingly rich literature spanning several decades, the authors argue that even though feature- and object-based attention are often treated as independent mechanisms, they should instead be described along a single continuum in which the information selected for prioritized processing (whether it be a single feature or a holistic object representation) is flexibly dictated by task demands.
Buchteile zum Thema "Spatial orientation and independent mobility"
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Nawrocka-Łabuś, Krystyna. „Spatial Orientation in Children: A Tyflological Approach“. In Mobility of Visually Impaired People, 263–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54446-5_9.
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Brambring, Michael. „Mobility and Orientation Processes of the Blind“. In Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind, 493–508. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1400-6_33.
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Strumillo, P. „Electronic Systems Aiding Spatial Orientation and Mobility of the Visually Impaired“. In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 373–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23187-2_24.
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Riviere, Marc-Aurèle, Simon Gay und Edwige Pissaloux. „TactiBelt: Integrating Spatial Cognition and Mobility Theories into the Design of a Novel Orientation and Mobility Assistive Device for the Blind“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 110–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94274-2_16.
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Arkhipova, Viktoriia Iurevna. „Do our children have a freedom today? On the issue of independent spatial mobility“. In Sociology and Society: Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 5464–65. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.639.
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Cohen, Anat, und Orit Ezra. „Contextualized MALL in Target and Non-Target Countries“. In Mobile Technologies in Educational Organizations, 170–91. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8106-2.ch009.
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Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is known to be conducive to contextualized language learning. However, the literature lacks an understanding of context. Nor is there a quantitative evaluation tool. The chapter's dependent contextualized variables were the following: real-world context level (one's place), real-life context level (one's life), and device mobility (place diversity). The independent variables were target/non-target country (Taiwan/Israel) and language learning orientation (dedicated/generic). In the target country, the spoken language is the studied language. Dedicated/generic language learning orientation represents the existence/non-existence of pedagogy within activities. Fifty-three Chinese L2 students involved in 296 activities and 519 events were interviewed. Using device mobility and an evaluation index developed to measure real-world/real-life context levels, MALL was found more contextualized in Taiwan only in generic activities. The findings refine our understanding of the benefits of studying in the target country. The index can be used in future studies.
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Ellis, Matthew H. „The Limits of Ottoman Sovereignty in the Eastern Sahara“. In Desert Borderland. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503605008.003.0006.
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This chapter documents the emergence of the Eastern Sahara as a contested borderland zone, marked by a nascent political rivalry between the Ottoman state and the “autonomous province” of Egypt. The view from the borderland allows us to glimpse fundamental limitations in the Ottoman exercise of sovereignty in the Eastern Sahara, particularly as Egypt acted increasingly as an independent centralizing state in its own right. Through its analysis of bedouin mobility across the invisible Egyptian-Libyan border, the chapter demonstrates that the tribes stood to gain a great deal by negotiating the onset of state power, alternately claiming or ignoring the existence of a border depending on their particular needs and interests at a given moment. Territorialization in the Eastern Sahara was thus a direct consequence of bedouin spatial practices, which threw into relief the vacuum in state authority at this marginal space between Ottoman Libyan and Egyptian sovereignty.
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Frühauf, Tina. „Werner Sander and the Formation of the Leipziger Synagogalchor“. In Transcending Dystopia, 211–36. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532973.003.0015.
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Werner Sander’s establishment of the Leipziger Synagogalchor as a concert choir with Jewish repertoire was relatively independent from any institutions. From his founding of the choir in 1962 to his death in 1972, Sander developed with the choir a repertoire of nearly eighty works of synagogue music and forty titles of Yiddish and Hasidic music, as well as Hebrew folklore. Under his baton, the choir performed three to four times a year, and from 1968 on assumed a steady role in the musical life of the GDR, both inside and outside the Jewish community. In spite of pressure, Sander preserved the secularity and independence of the ensemble by never overtly defining it or creating specific or lasting alliances, in a spatial mobility that navigated between different venues—synagogue, church, concert hall, and radio station. In this way, he ensured Jewish music’s cultural survival under unique and changing conditions, preserving this musical heritage for the Jewish community and transmitting it to the wider public.
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Erman, Burak, und James E. Mark. „Overview and Some Fundamental Information“. In Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082371.003.0003.
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This chapter is a brief overview of the topics treated in the book. It is aimed, in particular, at providing some qualitative information on rubber elasticity theories and their relationships to experimental studies, and at putting this material into context. The following chapter describes in detail the classical theories of rubber elasticity, that is, the phantom and affine network theories. The network chains in the phantom model are assumed not to experience the effects of the surrounding chains and entanglements, and thus to move as “phantoms.” Although this seems to be a very severe approximation, many experimental results are not in startling disagreement with theories based on this highly idealized assumption. These theories associate the total Helmholtz free energy of a deformed network with the sum of the free energies of the individual chains—an important assumption adopted throughout the book. They treat the single chain in its maximum simplicity, as a Gaussian chain, which is a type of “structureless” chain (where the only chemical constitution specified is the number of bonds in the network chain). In this respect, the classical theories focus on ideal networks and, in fact, are also referred to as “kinetic” theories because of their resemblance to ideal gas theories. Chain flexibility and mobility are the essential features of these models, according to which the network chains can experience all possible conformations or spatial arrangements subject to the network’s connectivity. One of the predictions of the classical theories is that the elastic modulus of the network is independent of strain. This results from the assumption that only the entropy at the chain level contributes to the Helmholtz free energy. Experimental evidence, on the other hand, indicates that the modulus decreases significantly with increasing tension or compression, implicating interchain interactions, such as entanglements of some type or other. This has led to the more modern theories of rubber elasticity, such as the constrained-junction or the slip-link theories, which go beyond the single-chain length scale and introduce additional entropy to the Helmholtz free energy at the subchain level.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Spatial orientation and independent mobility"
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Guiry, John J., Pepijn van de Ven und John Nelson. „Orientation Independent Human Mobility Monitoring with an Android Smartphone“. In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.766-003.
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Ruzickova, Veronika. „POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT OF PERSONS WITH SEVERE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT“. In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.4/s13.074.
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Ingale, Sanchit, Anirudh Srinivasan und Diana Bairaktarova. „CAD Platform Independent Software for Automatic Grading of Technical Drawings“. In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67612.
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Spatial visualization is the ability of an individual to imagine an object mentally and understand its spatial orientation. There have been multiple works proving that spatial visualization skills can be improved with an appropriate training. Such training warrant a critical place in the undergraduate engineering curricula in many engineering schools as spatial skills are considered vital for students’ success in the technical and design fields [1–4]. Enhanced spatial skills help not only professionals in the engineering field but also everyone in the 21st century environment. Drawing sectional views requires mental manipulation and visual thinking. To enhance students spatial reasoning, one of the authors of this study, conducted a class in spatial visualization. The course-learning goal aimed at improving first-year engineering students’ spatial reasoning through instruction on freehand drawings of sectional view. During the semester, two teaching assistants had to grade more than 500 assignments that consisted of sectional views of mechanical objects. This was a tedious and a time consuming task. Motivated by this experience, this paper proposes a software aiming at automating grading of students’ sectional view drawings. The proposed software will also give live feedback to students while they are working on the drawings. This interactive tool aims to 1) improve the learning experience of first year students, with limited CAD knowledge, and 2) introduce a pedagogical tool that can enhance spatial visualization training.
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Shai, Offer, und Andreas Müller. „A Novel Combinatorial Algorithm for Determining the Generic/Topological Mobility of Planar and Spherical Mechanisms“. In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13364.
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Structural mobility criteria, such as the well-known Chebychev-Kutzbach-Grübler (CKG) formula, give the correct generic mobility of a linkage (possibly of a certain class, e.g. planar, spherical, spatial) provided that it is not topologically overconstrained. As a matter of fact all known structural mobility criteria are prone to topological redundancies. In this paper a combinatorial algorithm is introduced that determines the correct generic/topological mobility of any planar and spherical mechanism. The algorithm also yields a set of independent links that can be used as input, as well as the redundantly constrained sub-linkages. A mathematical proof of the algorithm and the underlying mathematical concept is presented. The proposed method relies on an established algorithm developed within combinatorial rigidity theory, called pebble game, originally developed for checking the rigidity/immobility of constraint graphs. A novel theorem is introduced and later proved in the paper which in turn enables applying the algorithm to any holonomic planar or spherical mechanism with higher and lower kinematic pairs and multiple joints. A further important result of applying this algorithm is that it gives rise to a decomposition into Assur graphs, which is briefly discussed in this paper.
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Khan, Mahmood A. „A New Approach in Solving Bennett Mechanism“. In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8661.
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Abstract This paper explores the geometry of the Bennett linkage. Bennett, in the year 1903, invented a 4-R spatial linkage with two remarkable characteristics i.e. with 4 non-parallel and non-concurrent joint axes, has mobility one. In this paper the relationship among the intensities of the twists, i.e. four skew axes of the Bennett, and the perpendicular distances among the opposite skew axes of the Bennett linkage is established. The geometry of the three revolute joint axes of the Bennett Mechanism, one of the classical screw 3-system (Hunt (1978)), are not only skew but are independent to each other.
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Aérens, Pierre, Carlos Hassan Torres-Verdin und D. Nicolas Espinoza. „Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Flow Properties of Heterogeneous Rocks for Advanced Formation Evaluation“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206334-ms.
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Abstract An uncommon facet of Formation Evaluation is the assessment of flow-related in situ properties of rocks. Most of the models used to describe two-phase flow properties of porous rocks assume homogeneous and/or isotropic media, which is hardly the case with actual reservoir rocks, regardless of scale; carbonates and grain-laminated sandstones are but two common examples of this situation. The degree of spatial complexity of rocks and its effect on the mobility of hydrocarbons are of paramount importance for the description of multiphase fluid flow in most contemporary reservoirs. There is thus a need for experimental and numerical methods that integrate all salient details about fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions. Such hybrid, laboratory-simulation projects are necessary to develop realistic models of fractional flow, i.e., saturation-dependent capillary pressure and relative permeability. We document a new high-resolution visualization technique that provides experimental insight to quantify fluid saturation patterns in heterogeneous rocks and allows for the evaluation of effective two-phase flow properties. The experimental apparatus consists of an X-ray microfocus scanner and an automated syringe pump. Rather than using traditional cylindrical cores, thin rectangular rock samples are examined, their thickness being one order of magnitude smaller than the remaining two dimensions. During the experiment, the core is scanned quasi-continuously while the fluids are being injected, allowing for time-lapse visualization of the flood front. Numerical simulations are then conducted to match the experimental data and quantify effective saturation-dependent relative permeability and capillary pressure. Experimental results indicate that flow patterns and in situ saturations are highly dependent on the nature of the heterogeneity and bedding-plane orientation during both imbibition and drainage cycles. In homogeneous rocks, fluid displacement is piston-like, as predicted by the Buckley-Leverett theory of fractional flow. Assessment of capillary pressure and relative permeability is performed by examining the time-lapse water saturation profiles. In spatially complex rocks, high-resolution time-lapse images reveal preferential flow paths along high permeability sections and a lowered sweep efficiency. Our experimental procedure emphasizes that capillary pressure and transmissibility differences play an important role in fluid-saturation distribution and sweep efficiency at late times. The method is fast and reliable to assess mixing laws for fluid-transport properties of rocks in spatially complex formations.
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Borca-Tasciuc, Theodorian. „Heat Conduction Across Nanoscale Interfaces and Nanomaterials for Thermal Management and Thermoelectric Energy Conversion“. In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31312.
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Nanoscale heat conduction plays a critical role in applications ranging from thermal management of nanodevices to nanostructured thermoelectric materials for solid state refrigeration and power generation. This lecture presents recent investigations in our group. The first part of the lecture demonstrates heat conduction across nanoscale interfaces formed between individual nanoscale heaters and the silicon substrate [1]. A systematic experimental study was performed of thermal transport from individual nanoscale heaters with widths ranging between 77nm-250nm to bulk silicon substrates in the temperature range of 80–300K. The effective substrate thermal conductivity was measured by joule heating thermometry. We report up to two orders of magnitude reductions in the measured effective thermal conductivity of the silicon substrate when the heater widths are smaller than the mean free path of the heat carriers in the substrate, as summarized in Fig. 1. The effective mean free path of the silicon substrate was extracted from the measurements and was found to be comparable with recent molecular dynamics simulations. A proof of concept demonstration of a novel Thermal Interface Material (TIM) is presented next. The high thermal conductivity TIM is based on a highly connected high thermal conductivity nanostructured filler network embedded in a polymer matrix where the contribution of filler-matrix interfaces to thermal resistance is minimized. It was found [2] that the thermal conductivity could be varied from ∼0.2 to 20 W/mK when the volume fraction of metallic nanoparticles was varied from 0–20%. For similar volume fractions and filler composition, microparticle based composites have two orders of magnitude lower thermal conductivities. SEM characterization and thermal transport modeling are employed to support the conclusion that morphological changes in the nano-TIM are responsible for the thermal conductivity reduction. Thermoelectric transport investigations are discussed for a novel class of highly scalable nanostructured bulk chalcogenides developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute [3]. Un-optimized, single-component bulk assemblies of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 single crystal nanoplates show large enhancements (25–60%) in the room temperature thermoelectric figure of merit compared with individual bulk counterparts (Table 1). Nanostructuring was found to lead to strong thermal conductivity reduction without significantly affecting the mobility of the charge carriers, as shown in Table 2. A scanning thermal microprobe technique developed for simultaneous thermal conductivity (κ) and Seebeck coefficient (α) measurements in thermoelectric films is also presented [4]. In this technique, an AC alternative current joule-heated V-shaped microwire that serves as heater, thermometer and voltage electrode, locally heats the thin film when contacted with the surface (Fig. 2). The κ is extracted from the average DC temperature rise thermal resistance of the microprobe and α from the DC Seebeck voltage measured between the probe and unheated regions of the film by modeling the heat transfer in the probe, sample and their contact area, and by calibrations with standard reference samples. Application of the technique on sulfur-doped porous Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 films reveals α = −105.4 and 1.96 μV/K, respectively, which are within 2% of the values obtained by independent measurements carried out using microfabricated test structures. The respective κ values are 0.36 and 0.52 W/mK, which are significantly lower than the bulk values due to film porosity, and are consistent with effective media theory. The dominance of air conduction at the probe-sample contact area determines the microscale spatial resolution of the technique and allows probing samples with rough surfaces. Non-contact mode measurement of thermal conductivity was also demonstrated and confirmed by independent characterization [5]. In non-contact mode the technique utilizes ballistic air conduction as the dominant heat transfer mechanism between the thermal probe and the sample and thus eliminates uncertainties due to solid contact and liquid meniscus conduction.