Dissertationen zum Thema „Souveraineté autochtone“
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Clément-Picos, Eugénie. „Restaurer les sols, décoloniser les esprits. : une ethnographie des "protecteurs" environnementaux de la Nation navajo“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this dissertation is Navajo environmental activism. Environmental activism is often perceived in Western societies as a natural political tendency of indigenous peoples. This thesis demonstrates that such reasoning is unfounded, and that environmental activism in Navajo territory does not enjoy a consensus within the Nation. It is in part the fruit of a history of resistance to colonial forces. The activists I work with represent the third generation of militants who have been fighting for political sovereignty and cultural renewal since the late 1960s. The Navajo environmentalists are part of this genealogy. It's a process in constant development, and as such since 2016, I've noticed a growing presence of anarchist and communist theories within the Navajo organizations I've worked with. What was previously considered “an old white guy thing”, has now become legitimate through an inscription in Navajo pre-colonial political structures. I'm interested here in the complexity of this activism, and its specificities and commonalities with other political mobilizations. This environmental activism is the fruit of constant interactions and exchanges with radical environmental activists, as well as with indigenous populations throughout the country. To this end, I examine their rich and varied individual itineraries. Questions of authenticity, belonging to a group and the danger of self-promotion emerge constantly. Environmental activism leads my interlocutors to call themselves “protectors”, in order to distance themselves from militancy and violence. The question of violence is ambiguous: it is partly associated with values deemed non-Navajo, which could exclude them from the political life of the reserve. The tensions between what is expected of protectors internally and their image outside the Nation are immense. To gain a better understanding of this object of research, I analyze the salient points of this Navajo activism via political ecology, environmental justice and food sovereignty. Navajo environmental activism prides itself on protecting all living things by changing relationships between humans and non-humans. At the heart of this activism lies the thorny issue of Navajo representation and negotiation at local, national and transnational levels. Navajo protectors evolve and train in American universities. They are also present at the UN, the Permanent Forum of Indigenous Peoples and in NGOs
Bremond, Zérah. „Le territoire autochtone dans l'Etat postcolonial : étude comparée des Etats issus de la colonisation britannique et hispanique“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModern State has been formed by unification process of its territorial sovereignty but this must be redefined today. Indeed, although all States have a tendency to preserve their unity, it appears that the territory on which the State intends to extend its sovereignty is the subject of various claims. This situation is particularly characterized for States deriving from colonization and for which, independence did not challenged the subordination of colonized peoples to colonizing peoples. By perpetuating a situation of domination largely condemned by International law, considering the right of peoples to self-determination, this partial decolonization raises question in State theory. This leads to oppose on the one hand, an European State model aspiring to territorial sovereignty and on the other hand, some indigenous peoples having a claim to the same territory, based on the original illegitimacy of the conquest from which these States have emerged. Thus, there habilitation of historical truth and the unanimous condemnation of colonization have restored indigenous peoples in their territorial rights. Thereby, the States’ right on territory cannot be exercised without considering the original privileges of first inhabitants. Consequently, such approach may dispute territorial sovereignty of these States because they no longer have an absolute and unconditional power over their territory, but only aconditioned authority by the respect of indigenous peoples’ rights, which is largely confirmed by the development of an international law of indigenous peoples. This situation, which appear in the Latin-America States derived of Hispanic colonization, and in some States derived British colonization – United States, Canada,Australia, New-Zealand –, may contribute to define a particular category of States, which represents the postcolonial State
Bertin, Marie-Claire. „Le statut des peuples autochtones en droit international“. Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the slow reconstruction of the status of indigeneous peoples in international law. At the beginning of the colonization, colonial powers have recognized the indigeneous peoples' sovereignty in order to justify the colonial process and the territorial acquisitions. Then this sovereignty is progressivly dismantled. Colonization resulted in the disappearance of indegenous peoples from the international sphere and it justified the extinguishment of their sovereignty, the loss of their territories. Indigenous peoples are now recognized in international law. The reconstruction of a legal status is in process. This status enables them to claim the respect of their collective rights, notably their right to self-determination. The United Nations Declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples recognizes this right but it is construed by the States as a right to self-government, a domestic right
Grenier, Guylaine. „Le droit des peuples autochtones à l'autonomie gouvernementale dans le contexte de l'accession du Québec à la souveraineté /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the historical and contemporary relationship between aboriginal peoples and the governments of Canada and Quebec is necessary if a rapprochement between these adversarial positions is to be achieved.
This paper explores the legal and historical basis of aboriginal rights, focussing on self-government and the fiduciary relationship between aboriginal peoples and the Crown. It discusses international law principles under which Quebec will seek recognition as an independent state and the relevance of aboriginal rights to that recognition. Finally, it urges that the current debate provides an opportunity to establish a new partnership between Quebec and aboriginal peoples, to their mutual benefit.
Manga, Jean-Baptiste. „Le droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes en droit et en relations internationales contemporaines : etude comparée de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et du Nunavut“. Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NCAL0052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePas de description en anglais
Depelteau, Julie. „Nitaskinan, territoire : analyse des discours des représentants politiques des Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok et des gouvernements coloniaux, 1973-2004“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39368.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeroche, Frédéric. „Les peuples autochtones et leur relation originale à la terre : un questionnement pour l'ordre mondial /“. Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412705839.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. „Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUntil today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes
Levacher, Claire. „De la terre à la mine ? : les chemins de l'autochtonie en Nouvelle-Calédonie“. Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0712.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn New Caledonia, the indigenous question is usually associated with the political and legal recognition of the culture, identity and historical legitimacy of the Kanak in two agreements signed with France, The Matignon-Oudinot agreement - 1988 - and the Noumea Accord - 1998 -. More recently, claims also appeared regarding the application of the Declaration of the United Nations on the rights of indigenous peoples, especially in the context of development projects. The mining project Goro Nickel is the main field of this research work. In this phD thesis, we adopt a historical approach to the evolution of community mobilization in relation to the Goro project; to trace the trajectory of appeals to indigeneity from the debates of the 1970s in New Caledonia and their political implications for recognition. We offer to detail forms of relation to the land in the Kanak society and in the colonial and postcolonial contexts. Then we deal with mobilizations of the Declaration of the United Nations on the rights of indigenous peoples against the mining company, INCO, in the beginning of the 2000s and in the agreement it has led to in 2008, the Pact for the sustainable development of the Great South. By this, we provide answers to two majors issues : do the claims concerning land in the name of historical legitimacy of the kanak - developed by the independence movement in the 1970s and the 1980s - have shifted to the mining sector and how? How the processes inform us about the political conditions and forms produced by the recognition of the indigenous fact in New Caledonia?
Soler, Carolina. „Cine comunitario y soberanía visual entre los Qom (Tobas) del Chaco argentino“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the year 2008, different agents linked to the provincial state of Chaco (Argentine Republic) generated teaching and dissemination initiatives of the cinema among their indigenous populations, and, consequently, a specific area of indigenous cinema was created within the recently founded Instituto de Cultura del Chaco, within the framework of the Departamento de Cine y Espacio Audiovisual. After a multisite ethnographic fieldwork among the Qom (Toba) peoples of the Argentinian Chaco, this thesis aims to investigate the emergence of this cinema, as well as the experiences of film education carried out by the author herself. The concept of visual sovereignty proposed by Michelle Raheja (2010) is taken, which defines a political position found in the first indigenous film experiences developed in the Chaco. It shows how this notion is put into tension when the indigeneity of some audiovisual productions is put in doubt by a hegemonic audience or, even when the representations recorded in video are rejected by members of the community itself. It also presents the notion of cinema as mediation -—cine medium—, carried out communally, in which the first person generally blurs, and the authorship operates through singular social consensus that implies, in addition to tensions, the redefinition of roles and the posing of new filmmaking strategies. Beyond the process of making a film, this notion crosses the relationships between the young filmmakers and the adults who enable them, between non-human beings and human beings, between the past and the present, between the local and the global. In some cases, it is analyzed how mediation occurs with foreign elements and aesthetics within local and indigenous contexts and generates novel agency; On the other hand, the notion of mediation moves towards the ontology of the film and its affectations, and it is investigated how the audiovisual record operates over the trace of time — fix the ephemeral and evanescent and transcend death to beings and objects, to bring them to the present—. Finally, the conception of indigenous cinema is proposed as a reverse cinema that can present indigenous epistemes, that is not forced to respond to hegemonic views
A partir del año 2008, distintos agentes vinculados al Estado provincial del Chaco (República Argentina) generaron iniciativas de enseñanza y difusión del cine entre sus poblaciones indígenas, y, consecuentemente, se creó un espacio específico de cine indígena dentro del recién fundado Instituto de Cultura del Chaco, en el marco del Departamento de Cine y Espacio Audiovisual. Tras un trabajo de campo etnográfico multisituado entre los qom (tobas) del Chaco argentino, esta tesis se propone indagar sobre el surgimiento de este cine, así como también sobre las experiencias de enseñanza de cine llevadas a cabo por la propia autora. Se toma el concepto soberanía visual propuesto por Michelle Raheja (2010), que define un posicionamiento político hallable en las primeras experiencias de cine indígena desarrolladas en el Chaco. Se muestra como esta noción se pone en tensión cuando la indigeneidad de algunas producciones audiovisuales es puesta en duda por un público hegemónico o, incluso, cuando las representaciones registradas en video son rechazadas por miembros de la propia comunidad. Se presenta también la noción de cine como mediación —cine médium—, realizado comunitariamente, en el que la primera persona generalmente se desdibuja y la cuestión autoral opera través de singulares consensos sociales que implican, además de tensiones, la redefinición de los roles y el planteo de nuevas estrategias realizativas. Más allá del proceso de realización de una película, esta noción atraviesa las relaciones entre los jóvenes realizadores y los adultos que los habilitan, entre los seres no humanos y los humanos, entre el pasado y el presente, entre lo local y lo global. En algunos casos se analiza cómo la mediación se da con los elementos y las estéticas foráneas dentro de contextos locales e indígenas y genera novedosos agenciamientos; por otro lado, la noción de mediación se desplaza hacia la ontología del filme y sus afectaciones, y se indaga cómo el registro audiovisual opera sobre el paso del tiempo —fija lo efímero y lo evanescente y hace trascender de la muerte a los seres y los objetos, para traerlos al presente—. Finalmente, se propone la concepción del cine indígena como un cine reverso que pueda presentar las epistemes indígenas, que no se vea obligado a responder a las miradas hegemónicas
Fleury, Thibaut Charles. „La question du territoire aux Etats-Unis de 1789 à 1914 : apports pour la construction du droit international“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is based upon the hypothesis that, from the entry into force of the federal constitution to the First World War, the United States territorial expansion, as well as the federal project, called for a « construction » of international law’s rules and principles within the American boundaries. It is to be remembered that, in 1789, the United States, the member States and the Indian Nations claimed for themselves, on parts or the whole of that space, the sovereignty that every « State » is entitled to according to international law. It is therefore by defining, adapting, or rethinking the notions of « State » or « territorial sovereignty », the conditions required for a territorial title to be held or formed, and by setting the legal status of international law, that those claims have been enforced – or not. Grounded upon the analysis of the American doctrine, practice and case law, the purpose of this study is thus to inquire about territorial issues as raised within what is usually described as a « federal State », sovereign on its territory. Because those issues, and mainly jurisdictional ones, are fundamental to international law, this work hopes to bring to light constructions of international law which are still relevant today
Joly, Emilie-Emmanuelle. „Droit à l'autodétermination des peuples indigènes et autogestion : le cas de la police communautaire dans l'État de Guerrero (Mexique)“. Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5735/1/M13099.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDésilets, Caroline. „Une nouvelle forme de mobilisation Autochtone au Pérou : le cas de l'Asociación Evangélica de Misión Israelita del Nuevo Pacto Universal(AEMINPU)“. Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWoo, (née Slykhuis) Grace Li Xiu. „La danse des fantômes à la cour Suprême du Canada: les droits autochtones pendant le premier quart de siècle de l'article 35 de la loi constitutionnelle, 1982“. Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany people believe that Canada became fully decolonized in 1982 with the "patriation" instituted by the Constitution Act, 1982, whose s.35 (1) explicitly recognized and affirmed "existing Aboriginal and treaty rights". Yet, a quarter century later, Indigenous critics continue to complain that their rights are being denied by the Supreme Court of Canada. This study has approached such questions by drawing on international law to establish legal definitions for "colonialism" and "postcolonialism". In this optic, it becomes clear that there has been a significant change in Euro-Canadian norms during the past century. Colonial concepts, like the English jurist John Austin's definition of "law" as "command" have been superseded by the ideal of informed, popular consent, yet modes of conduct that are consistent with the colonial paradigm persist. According to Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions this is predictable because changes from one paradigm to another are normally characterized by intensified assertions of the impugned orthodoxy and no change is complete until new models and procedures have emerged to replace established habits. In order to determine where the Supreme Court of Canada actually stands in relation to the decolonization process, Part I of this study examines the nature of paradigmatic function, including the metaphoric construction of language. It then reviews the colonial phenomenon, the emergence of decolonization in international law and postcolonialism to define the colonial and postcolonial paradigms in terms of specific indicia that can be used to classify institutional performance. Part II adapts this analytical framework to the specific circumstances of judicial decision making and applies it to the reasoning of over 60 Supreme Court of Canada cases concerned with section 35 (1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. This dual colonial/postcolonial analysis makes it possible to identify some of the ways in which colonial metaphors and modes of thought have persisted during the past quarter century despite the Court's firm commitment to postcolonial ideals. Though the judges themselves are aware of some of the institutional limitations that constrict their ability to validate Indigenous rights, many of the concepts that structure their reasoning induce them to perpetuate the colonial paradigm. Further reflection on the structure of our rational processes and on the problems predictably associated with paradigm change might make it easier for judges, practitioners and Indigenous peoples to develop the agreements that are necessary to implement the egalitarian ideals ascribed to by all.
Titre de la page de titre additionnel: Ghost dancing at the Supreme Court of Canada : indigenous rights during the First quarter century of s.35.of Canada's Constitution Act, 1982.
Henzi, Sarah. „Inventing interventions : strategies of reappropriation in Native American and First Nations literatures“. Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6980.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy doctoral thesis, entitled Inventing Interventions: Strategies of Reappropriation in Native and First Nations Literatures, explores the reappropriation of the English and French languages, as a strategy for retelling and reclaiming hi/stories of the Aboriginal people of Canada and the United States. In effect, my project disregards national and linguistic borders since these are, in essence, cultural and colonial constructs. To reappropriate the colonial language, then, entails not only its mastery as a means for basic communication, but claims it as a means to an end: instead of being owned by and subject to the language, it is now these authors who own the language. The resulting tensions of this process are the product of the imposed and tentative violent transition from one cultural realm to another, which, for many, never succeeded to its fullest, but rather crumbled back upon itself: for First Nations and Native American authors, I argue, creating means through art and politics to “write back” against oppression and injustice. My thesis, an examination of contemporary fictional, autobiographical, historical and political, prosaic and poetic works written in French and English, is structured along the analysis of specific keywords – language, resistance, memory and place. I explore how these concepts are voiced, and how they are not only inter-related but affect each other within the particular discursive framework of Indigenous writing, set in motion by different strategies of intervention (redefinition, invention) and the mixing of different literary devices.