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1
Guetto, Raffaele. „Employment Returns to Tertiary Education for Immigrants in Western Europe: Cross-Country Differences Before and After the Economic Crisis“. Social Inclusion 6, Nr. 3 (30.07.2018): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i3.1446.
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This article contributes to the literature on the models of immigrants’ labour market incorporation in Western Europe by analysing the employment returns to tertiary education for both natives and immigrants. By using yearly EU-LFS data (2005–2013) for a selection of Western European countries, cross-country differences in the employment returns to tertiary education are analysed separately by immigrant status and gender. In Continental Europe, where immigrant-native employment gaps before the crisis were much larger than in Southern Europe, immigrants are found to benefit more from tertiary education, and their returns are also higher than for natives, while the opposite holds in Southern European countries. The same pattern is found irrespective of gender, but cross-country differences are more pronounced among women. The article also documents that the crisis contributed to a cross-country convergence, although limited to men, in the degree of immigrant employment disadvantage, which increased substantially in Southern Europe while remaining unchanged or slightly declining in all other countries. Nevertheless, although immigrant-native employment gaps grew as high as in Continental Europe, immigrant men in Southern Europe are still found to benefit from lower returns to tertiary education than their native counterparts.
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Dassanayake, Jayantha, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Lyle Gurrin, Vijaya Sundararajan und Warren R. Payne. „Are immigrants at risk of heart disease in Australia? A systematic review“. Australian Health Review 33, Nr. 3 (2009): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090479.
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We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to establish the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among immigrants in Australia and whether being an immigrant is a CVD risk factor. Of 23 studies identified, 12 were included. Higher prevalence of CVD was found among Middle Eastern, South Asian and some European immigrants. Higher prevalence of CVD risk factors was found among Middle Eastern and Southern European immigrants. Higher alcohol consumption was found among immigrants from New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Smoking and physical inactivity were highly prevalent among most immigrants.
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Afzali, M., Segrey V. Ryazantsev und Natalia A. Bezverbnaya. „Relationship between immigrant integration and socioeconomic indicators of European immigrant-receiving countries“. Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znaniaя 9, Nr. 2 (19.06.2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2023-2-186-199.
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Integration is a two-way process depending on host countries, and the immigrants. Immigrants' successful integration in the host countries is an important issue bringing benefits for both immigrants and the host countries. Immigrants receiving countries' migration policies, actions, and peoples' perception towards accepting foreign citizens is an essential factor in the successful integration process. However, the integration process in a specific geographical region, such as Europe, also differs from one country to another. The integration process depends on the socioeconomic position, and development of the host and home countries. It also depends on the types of migration, migrants' status, etc. Therefore, this study tries to investigate and explain the typology and socioeconomic characteristics of European immigrant receiving countries regarding integration policies. It discusses the relationship between Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Social Progress Index, Gross National Income, Internet users % of the population, Ranking of Happiness, Happiness Ranking for the Foreign-Born, KOF Globalization index, and Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). This study uses a descriptive-analytical method, to show the socioeconomic characteristics of European immigrant-receiving countries. To show the strength of the relationship between the indexes, the study used pairwise correlation analysis (sig. level, 0.01). The main results of the study show that Northern and Western European countries have more favorable integration policies for immigrants than Southern and Eastern European countries. Moreover, there is a mutual positive interrelationship between all the indexes. The happier the citizens of the host countries are, the happier the immigrants are and the more favorable the integration policies are for immigrants.
4
Katz, Michael B., Mark J. Stern und Jamie J. Fader. „The Mexican Immigration Debate“. Social Science History 31, Nr. 2 (2007): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013717.
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This article uses census microdata to address key issues in the Mexican immigration debate. First, we find striking parallels in the experiences of older and newer immigrant groups with substantial progress among second- and subsequent-generation immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Mexican Americans. Second, we contradict a view of immigrant history that contends that early–twentieth–century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe found well–paying jobs in manufacturing that facilitated their ascent into the middle class. Both first and second generations remained predominantly working class until after World War II. Third, the erosion of the institutions that advanced earlier immigrant generations is harming the prospects of Mexican Americans. Fourth, the mobility experience of earlier immigrants and of Mexicans and Mexican Americans differed by gender, with a gender gap opening among Mexican Americans as women pioneered the path to white–collar and professional work. Fifth, public–sector and publicly funded employment has proved crucial to upward mobility, especially among women. The reliance on public employment, as contrasted to entrepreneurship, has been one factor setting the Mexican and African American experience apart from the economic history of most southern and eastern European groups as well as from the experiences of some other immigrant groups today.
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Grubb, Farley. „Immigrant Servant Labor: Their Occupational and Geographic Distribution in the Late Eighteenth- Century Mid-Atlantic Economy“. Social Science History 9, Nr. 3 (1985): 249–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001508x.
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Contract Labor played a critical role both in financing European trans-Atlantic migration and in providing a hirable labor force to work the estates of the New World. During the seventeenth century at least three-quarters of the Chesapeake colonists arrived under some form of short term contract (Walsh, 1977: 111). By the American Revolution, a majority of English, German, and southern Irish emigrants still used servant contracts to finance their migration to Pennsylvania (Grubb, 1985). For the year 1773, 61% of the 387 southern Irish immigrants, 18% of the 1,420 Ulster immigrants, 25% of the 382 Scotch immigrants, and 52% of the 174 English immigrants to Pennsylvania entered servitude. For the years 1771–1773, out of 747 German adult male immigrants to Pennsylvania 58% entered servitude. For 1785–1804, 45% of the 7,837 German immigrants to Pennsylvania entered servitude.
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Petit, Jeanne. „Breeders, Workers, and Mothers: Gender and the Congressional Literacy Test Debate, 1896–1897“. Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778140000061x.
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In May of 1896, Richard Bartholdt, a Republican from Missouri and a German immigrant, stood on the floor of the House of Representatives and introduced a bill that would set off months of debate in the Fifty-Fourth Congress. The bill was H.R. 7864, which required all male immigrants between the ages of sixteen and sixty to prove they were literate in either English or some other language. While congressmen on all sides of the issue made passionate arguments for and against this bill, they nevertheless found some areas of agreement. The supporters and opponents of restriction all regarded southern and eastern European immigrants as racially different than those of northwestern European descent. Further, all congressmen understood the purpose of the bill to be as much about improving the United States citizenry racially as intellectually. Richard Bartholdt clearly stated the racial reasoning behind the literacy test when he introduced the bill to the House.
7
Calavita, Kitty. „The dialectics of immigrant ‘integration’ and marginality in industrialising America and post-industrial Europe“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, Nr. 3 (August 2003): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900305.
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Immigration policies in Italy and Spain — even the restrictive policies put in place over the last several years — emphasise the importance of immigrant ‘integration'. At the same time, immigrants are welcome largely on the grounds that they fill important niches in the labour market, such as low-end jobs in construction, agriculture, and domestic service, that locals shun. This article explores the relationship between immigrants’ economic function in this southern flank of the European fortress, and their ability to integrate into the host society. Specifically, it argues that it is immigrants’ ‘otherness’ that is their calling card — their passport — in these new countries of immigration, and that their full integration into Spanish and Italian societies presumably would spell an end to their utility as ‘others'. Further, it documents the difficulties of integrating those who are legally and economically marginalised and for whom that marginality is seen as their chief virtue. The author makes comparisons with ‘Americanisation’ programmes in industrialising America and suggests that in both cases, the contradiction between the cheap labour of immigrants and the need to integrate them helps explain both the motivation for integration efforts and their complications.
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KROMKOWSKI, JOHN A. „Eastern and Southern European Immigrants: Expectations, Reality, and a New Agenda“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 487, Nr. 1 (September 1986): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286487001003.
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Costarelli, Igor. „Analyzing the Impact of Public Housing Privatization on Immigrant Micro-Segregation in Milan“. Social Sciences 12, Nr. 10 (10.10.2023): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12100565.
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In several Western European countries, a significant share of social rental housing stock has been sold since the 1980s as part of government policies aimed at promoting homeownership societies. Research has shown that tenure conversion has contributed to increasing socio-spatial segregation of lower-income groups, with diverging spatial patterns of homeownership among immigrants. This paper examines the impact of recent public housing privatization schemes in Milan in relation to micro-segregation and peripheralization processes of foreign populations, which represent distinctive features of immigrant residential distribution in this city. By employing name analysis, an unconventional approach in segregation studies, I inferred the geographical origins of homebuyers and mapped their distribution across the city. The findings reveal divergent purchasing behaviors, whereby Italians predominantly acquire properties in semi-central areas currently undergoing urban regeneration. In contrast, immigrants tend to concentrate their acquisitions in peripheral post-war public housing neighborhoods or in areas predominantly inhabited by residents with similar geographical origins. This paper contributes to the existing literature on ethnic residential segregation in Southern European cities by shedding light on the underexplored role of public housing privatization policies in shaping specific residential patterns and housing outcomes among different groups.
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Polyzou, Iris, und Stavros Nikiforos Spyrellis. „Housing Practices of Albanian Immigrants in Athens: An “in-between” Socio-Spatial Condition“. Land 13, Nr. 7 (01.07.2024): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13070964.
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Immigrants’ access to housing is often the outcome of self-settlement practices within a context of limited social policies that often characterizes Southern European metropolises. Hence, immigrants are facing multiple constraints and remain vulnerable towards diverse socioeconomic fluctuations. This article focuses on the housing practices followed by Albanian immigrants, the largest immigrant group in Athens’s municipality, to examine how spatial inequalities are intertwined with ethnicity in the Greek capital. The objective is twofold: to discuss ethnic segregation on the micro-scale of Athenian central neighborhoods and examine how immigrants’ housing practices are being challenged within a rapidly changing socio-spatial context. The methodology follows a mixed approach, aiming at identifying differentiations and inequalities both on the macro- and micro-spatial scale. First, differentiations among Greeks, Albanians, and other third-country nationals in Athens (2011) are traced and compared, based on quantitative data. Second, for the purpose of highlighting micro-geographies in the city, this article presents an analysis of collected narratives of Albanian immigrants, through semi-structured interviews held in 2023. The main results indicate that the population under study finds itself in an “in-between” socio-spatial condition: an “in-between”, compared to the housing experiences of Greek households and other third-country nationals, that produces (and reproduces) segregation trends visible on the micro-scale. Moreover, this article attempts to highlight how the lack of housing policies put in peril the successful self-settlement practices of Albanian immigrants, in the current context of financialization of the Athenian housing market.
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Black, Jerome H. „The Practice of Politics in Two Settings: Political Transferability Among Recent Immigrants to Canada“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 20, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1987): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900050393.
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AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the previous political experiences of immigrants and their subsequent involvement in Canadian politics. A 1983 Toronto-area survey of immigrants of various ethnic origins (British, West Indian, Southern and Eastern European) who had been in Canada for five years or less serves as the study's data base. Two hypotheses derived from the relevant literature are investigated: immigrants will have difficulty “transferring” or making relevant past political experiences; and only those (that is, the British) whose system resembles the new one (Canadian) can accomplish transference. However, a more optimistic perspective is proposed suggesting the likelihood of transference regardless of the system of origin. Test results support this latter view.
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Rubio, Sónia Parella. „Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, Nr. 3 (August 2003): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900310.
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In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.
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Protsch, Paula, und Heike Solga. „Going across Europe for an apprenticeship? A factorial survey experiment on employers’ hiring preferences in Germany“. Journal of European Social Policy 27, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2017): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717719200.
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Owing to the recent recession, the German apprenticeship model is once again praised for smoothing out school-to-work transitions. In line with the social policy shift of favouring education as a key means to combat youth unemployment, European Union (EU) recommendations and German national policies encourage young Southern and Eastern EU citizens to apply for apprenticeship training abroad. Yet, young people wanting to go abroad are not only mobile young people but also immigrants. Given the prevalence of ethnic disparities in the German apprenticeship system, the question arises whether employers would be willing to hire these newcomers. Using a factorial survey experiment, we investigate how employers rate applications from Spanish newcomers compared to those from young immigrant descendants of Spanish origin. The results indicate that newcomers are substantially less preferred than immigrant descendants born in Germany. Employers’ expectations about newcomers’ language skills and employers’ interest in training for their own skilled labour force are key barriers to policies promoting apprenticeships abroad.
14
Pajares, Miguel. „Foreign workers and trade unions: the challenges posed“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 14, Nr. 4 (01.01.2008): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890801400407.
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Trade unions have always found it difficult to get to grips with the subject of immigration. From their beginnings in the 19th century they assumed that working conditions were determined by labour supply and demand and became apprehensive in the face of any situation of surplus supply. The history of trade unionism abounds with conflicts between local workers and those from further afield. At the present time the European trade unions operate upon the assumption that immigrants are full members of the workforce, whose interests have to be defended alongside those of other workers. Even so, it remains the case that immigration prompts considerable misgivings within the trade unions and that situations of rejection continue to arise. The article identifies differences between southern Europe and central and northern Europe in trade unions' attitudes to new immigrants, differences that are reflected in the debates taking place on European legislation concerning labour immigration.
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HJERN, A., S. WICKS und C. DALMAN. „Social adversity contributes to high morbidity in psychoses in immigrants – a national cohort study in two generations of Swedish residents“. Psychological Medicine 34, Nr. 6 (August 2004): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170300148x.
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Background. Recent reports have indicated that immigrants have an elevated risk of schizophrenia as well as an increasing tendency for social exclusion. The aim of this study was to compare rates of schizophrenia and other psychoses in immigrants and their children of different ethnic groups with the majority population in Sweden in relation to social adversity.Method. The study population consists of a national cohort of 1·47 million adults (born 1929–1965) and 1·16 million children and youth (born 1968–1979) in family households from the national census of 1985. Multivariate Cox regression analyses was used to study hospital discharge data during 1991–2000 in relation to socio-economic household indicators from 1985 and 1990 (single adult household, adults having received social welfare, parental unemployment, urban residency, housing and socio-economic status).Results. First as well as second generation immigrants had higher age and sex adjusted risk ratios for schizophrenia as well as for other psychoses (RRs 1·4–3·1 and 1·0–2·0 respectively) compared with the Swedish majority population. These risk ratios decreased considerably after adjusting for socio-economic indicators, for all groups, but particularly for the non-European immigrants. However, an elevated risk still remained in the Finnish and Eastern and Southern European study groups.Conclusions. A higher risk of schizophrenia and psychoses was found in two generations of immigrants of diverse ethnicity. The results indicate that social adversity contributes to the higher risk.
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Triandafyllidou, Anna. „Religious Diversity and Multiculturalism in Southern Europe: The Italian Mosque Debate“. Sociological Research Online 7, Nr. 1 (März 2002): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.703.
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In southern European countries, where immigration is a recent phenomenon, cultural and religious diversity brought into the host societies by non-EU immigrants has become an important public issue. The controversy over the construction of two new mosques in and around Milan, in October 2000, offers a suitable example for the study of attitudes and views on religious diversity in Italy, its recognition, acceptance or rejection. In the first part of the paper, I shall discuss briefly the size and composition of the immigrant community, the socio-economic position of immigrants in the host society and the legal provisions for naturalisation. In the second part of the paper, I shall concentrate on the ‘mosque issue’ and the dubious emergence of views and practices favouring a multicultural society and citizenship. The analysis is based on material collected from four major newspapers with both a regional and national circulation. The material will be analysed quantitatively with a view of identifying the main ‘voices’ involved in the debate and the thematic dimensions that organise it. A qualitative methodology of discourse analysis will be used to identify the prevailing discourse(s) and also how the different positions put forward by the dominant social and political actors are linked with specific features of the Italian political and party system. In the concluding section, I will discuss critically the Italian version of multiculturalism emerging in the mosque debate.
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Bonilla-Escobar, Bertha Angelica, Luisa N. Borrell, Isabel Del Cura-González, Luis Sánchez-Perruca, Esperanza Escortell-Mayor und Manuel Franco. „Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Andean immigrants and natives in a Southern European City“. Acta Diabetologica 57, Nr. 9 (06.04.2020): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01515-7.
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Mudrik, Armando. „A eucalyptus in the moon: folk astronomy among European colonists in northern Santa Fe province, Argentina“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S278 (Januar 2011): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311012506.
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AbstractIn this paper, we present a study about cultural astronomy among European colonists who settled in the northern area of the Argentinean province of Santa Fe, which is part of the southern Chaco. These colonists arrived among waves of immigration occurring in Argentina in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Ethnographic field research among these rural immigrants and their descendants revealed that a set of asterisms were distributed according to the origins of the different European communities and also according to their uses in agriculture, animal husbandry and meteorology.
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Steven, Hyland. „The Syrian-Ottoman Home Front in Buenos Aires and Rosario during the First World War“. Journal of Migration History 4, Nr. 1 (21.03.2018): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00401009.
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The commencement of hostilities in Europe in late summer 1914 transformed the southern Atlantic cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario into diasporic home fronts for many belligerent nations. These cities became at once contested terrains between and among émigré colonies and a source of financial and material aid for warring nations. Buenos Aires’ policy of neutrality further permitted activist immigrants to partner with like-minded individuals and their respective diplomatic representatives to organise civic associations, arrange public demonstrations, and host charity events. The Syrian-Ottoman colonies mirrored the efforts of other immigrant groups, but diverged in distinct ways as novel nationalist sentiments circulated among them. The increased social tension from penury and competing political agendas led to multiple violent confrontations among Syrian Ottomans. Thus, nations that did not directly fight in the European conflagration were indeed party to the First World War and warring states’ home fronts extended beyond national boundaries.
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Villarroel, Nazmy, und Lucía Artazcoz. „Immigration and Sleep Problems in a Southern European Country: Do Immigrants Get the Best Sleep?“ Behavioral Medicine 43, Nr. 4 (25.01.2016): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2015.1122568.
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Arbaci, Sonia, und Jorge Malheiros. „De-Segregation, Peripheralisation and the Social Exclusion of Immigrants: Southern European Cities in the 1990s“. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36, Nr. 2 (16.11.2009): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830903387378.
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Lesser, Jeffrey. „The Immigration and Integration of Polish Jews in Brazil, 1924-1934“. Americas 51, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1994): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007924.
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The end of World War I marked the beginning of a new era in European migration to Brazil. The immigrants that had poured into the “país do futuro” (country of the future) now came at only a trickle and the number of entries fell by over fifty percent between 1913 and 1914 and by another sixty percent the year after. In 1918 fewer than 20,000 immigrants entered Brazil, a low that would not again be approached until 1936. Even so, between 1918 and 1919 the number of arrivals to Brazil's ports almost doubled, and in 1920 almost doubled again, reaching 69,000.Post-war immigrants to Brazil differed in many ways from the pre-war group, both in national origin and in their views of success and opportunity. Although Portuguese, Italians, Spanish, and German immigrants continued to predominate, between 1924 and 1934 East European immigration to Brazil increased almost ten times to more than 93,000, representing about 8.5 percent of the total. Most of the East Europeans who migrated to Brazil in the quarter century after World War I were those fleeing the upheavals created by the establishment of the state of Poland. At the same time quotas and other forms of restriction in the U.S., Argentina, and Canada increasingly led potential migrants to look towards Brazil. The frequently destitute East Europeans rarely enjoyed the support of their often powerless governments, a factor that made such immigrants attractive to Brazil's large landowners. In 1927, a contract between the Polish Government and Brazil's Secretary of Agriculture for the transportation of 2,000 Polish families was partially based on the belief that the mixing of “docile” East Europeans with more “volatile” Southern Europeans would “go a long way to obviate any labor trouble that might otherwise occur.” Whatever positive attributes the East Europeans might have presented to Brazilian elites in terms of “dividing and conquering,” the Lithuanian government complained that the condition of its 20,000 immigrants was “so pitiable … that (we) might be forced to repatriate them.”
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Greenfield, Sidney M. „Descendants of European immigrants in Southern Brazil as participants and heads of Afro‐Brazilian religious centres“. Ethnic and Racial Studies 17, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1994): 684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1994.9993846.
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Young, Julia G. „Making America 1920 Again? Nativism and US Immigration, past and Present“. Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500111.
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This paper surveys the history of nativism in the United States from the late nineteenth century to the present. It compares a recent surge in nativism with earlier periods, particularly the decades leading up to the 1920s, when nativism directed against southern and eastern European, Asian, and Mexican migrants led to comprehensive legislative restrictions on immigration. It is based primarily on a review of historical literature, as well as contemporary immigration scholarship. Major findings include the following: • There are many similarities between the nativism of the 1870–1930 period and today, particularly the focus on the purported inability of specific immigrant groups to assimilate, the misconception that they may therefore be dangerous to the native-born population, and fear that immigration threatens American workers. • Mexican migrants in particular have been consistent targets of nativism, immigration restrictions, and deportations. • There are also key differences between these two eras, most apparently in the targets of nativism, which today are undocumented and Muslim immigrants, and in President Trump's consistent, highly public, and widely disseminated appeals to nativist sentiment. • Historical studies of nativism suggest that nativism does not disappear completely, but rather subsides. Furthermore, immigrants themselves can and do adopt nativist attitudes, as well as their descendants. • Politicians, government officials, civic leaders, scholars and journalists must do more to reach sectors of society that feel most threatened by immigration. • While eradicating nativism may be impossible, a focus on avoiding or overturning nativist immigration legislation may prove more successful.
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Bevilacqua, Salvatore. „Le tarentisme et ses fictions ethnographiques: épistémologie d’une maladie de l’Autre“. Gesnerus 65, Nr. 3-4 (11.11.2008): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0650304004.
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Tarantism is a cultural syndrome caused by a symbolic spider bite that was treated in Southern Italy by means of a musical and religious ritual. At the frontiers of theories of insanity this “disease” is the source of a rich and centuries-old scientific literature. This article proposes an epistemological analysis of the medical paradigms that have built the scientific representations of this phenomenon and that make it an anthropological mediation of cultural alterity of the Apulian territory and Southern Italy in general. Geographical or social determinism, popular irrationality, simulation and imitation appear as recurrent categories sounding the psychology of a “me - ri dional soul” explained, till the studies of the 20th century about the south-European immigrants’ diseases, in terms such as social anomy and mental alienation.
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Antolinez-Domínguez, Inmaculada, und Esperanza Jorge-Barbuzano. „IZAZOVI U IDENTIFICIRANJU RANJIVOSTI MIGRATNTICA NA JUŽNOJ GRANICI EUROPE: DOPRINOSI IZ BIOGRAFSKIH NARATIVA“. Annual of Social Work 28, Nr. 1 (29.07.2021): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/ljsr.v28i1.328.
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In the 1980s, the Southern Frontier of Spain became one of the southern borders of the European Union after Spain entered into the European Economic Community (EEC). On the African continent, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla that border with Morocco are physically separated from Spain by the Mediterranean Sea. Those two cities became a privileged enclave for immigration control, but also for the detection of vulnerable conditions of the migrant population. This paper has a double objective: to describe the action research developed in the Center for the Temporary Residence of Immigrants in Ceuta and to analyze 49 biographical interviews with women residents of the Center within the framework of saidaction research. The results show the diversity of situations of vulnerability in which migrant women can find themselves in this border context. Hence, it is important to rethink the intervention to avoid secondary victimization within critical and humanistic models of intervention. This work, precisely, addresses the design of a tool for biographical narratives from the perspectives of integral health and care.
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Albertini, Marco, und Michela Semprebon. „Caring for elderly parents: Perceived filial obligations among Maghrebine immigrants in Italy“. Ethnicities 20, Nr. 6 (22.06.2020): 1117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796820932583.
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The migrant population in Southern European countries is aging. In the next future, long-term care needs of immigrant individuals will be a major issue in the evolution of social policies in these countries. In this context, it becomes important to examine what are the norms of filial obligations that govern the exchange of social support within migrant families. The study focuses on solidarity norms and support expectations among Mahgrebine immigrants living in Italy. It is shown that: i. intergenerational co-residence is seen as the best strategy to cope with the care need of elderly parents; ii. only a minority of respondents, especially those born in Italy or arrived before age 6, think that providing economic support or hiring a professional carer is a good solution. The importance of cultural and religious motivations at the basis of norms of filial obligations was explicitly, particularly as far as cohabitation is concerned. The majority of respondents held a gender-neutral view with respect to the sharing of responsibilities, although some gendered divisions emerged. Respondents who either were born in Italy or migrated before age six are considerably more likely to hold gender-neutral views on the division of informal care work.
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Seyferth, Giralda. „The diverse understandings of foreign migration to the South of Brazil (1818-1950)“. Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 10, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2013): 118–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412013000200005.
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In this text I analyze some of the conceptual and subjective meanings of the notion of immigration, observing how these are appropriated in the debates on foreign colonization that influenced immigration policy in Brazil during the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. I also discuss everyday representations of immigration contained in writings by German immigrants sent to colonize areas of southern Brazil, exploring the liminal identity that emerges as a result of the difficulty experienced settling in still untamed areas of Brazil. The text examines understandings of immigration more directly associated with the colonization process promoted by the Brazilian state, still included in the 1945 Law of Foreigners, through which large areas of uncultivated lands in the south of the country were occupied by European immigrants (and their descendants) in the form of family smallholdings. Under these circumstances, German immigration preceded other flows of migrants, despite Brazilian nationalistic concerns over assimilation.
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Connell-Szasz, Margaret. „Whose North America is it? “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.”“. American Studies in Scandinavia 50, Nr. 1 (30.01.2018): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v50i1.5698.
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Responding to the question, “Whose North America is it?,” this essay argues North America does not belong to anyone. As a Sonoran Desert Tohono O’odham said of the mountain: “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.” Contrasting Native American and Euro-American views of the natural world, the essay maintains that European immigrants introduced the startling concept of Cartesian duality. Accepting a division between spiritual and material, they viewed the natural world as physical matter, devoid of spirituality. North America’s First People saw it differently: they perceived the Earth/Universe as a spiritual community of reciprocal relationships bound by intricate ties of kinship and respect. This clash has shaped American history. From the sixteenth century forward, many European immigrants envisioned land ownership as a dream. Creators of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution thrust “happiness”/“property” into the nation’s mythology. Southern Euro-Americans claimed “ownership” of African Americans, defining them as “property”; Native Americans resisted Euro-Americans’ enforcement of land ownership ideology; by the late 1800s, Euro-Americans’ view of the natural world as physical matter spurred massive extraction of natural resources. The Cartesian duality persisted, but, given its dubious legacy, Native Americans question the wisdom of this interpretation of the natural world.
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Fellini, Ivana. „Immigrants’ labour market outcomes in Italy and Spain: Has the Southern European model disrupted during the crisis?“ Migration Studies 6, Nr. 1 (29.03.2017): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnx029.
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Gontarski Speranza, Clarice. „European Workers in Brazilian Coalmining, Rio Grande do Sul, 1850–1950“. International Review of Social History 60, S1 (08.09.2015): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000371.
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AbstractCoalmining in Brazil began in the mid-nineteenth century in the municipality of São Jerônimo, Rio Grande do Sul, the country’s southernmost state. European workers were brought in and joined Brazilian workers, mostly local peasants with no experience in mining. This article discusses the role played by the immigrants in the making of a working class in the coalfields of southern Brazil. The research on which this article is based draws on numerous sources, including lawsuits and the application forms used to request professional licences. It focuses on ethnic and racial ambiguity, and on political strategies. The identity of the miners in the region is commonly represented as an amalgam of all ethnic groups, but this article shows that this self-propagated solidarity and cohesion among workers had its limits.
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Gross, Stephen. „Domestic Labor as a Life-Course Event: The Effects of Ethnicity in Turn-of-the-Century America“. Social Science History 15, Nr. 3 (1991): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021209.
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Much of the historical literature on working women has emphasized the extent to which employment varied along racial and ethnic lines. Domestic service in turn-of-the-century America attracted by far the largest proportion of employed women, and female domestics tended to belong to specific ethnic and racial groups. Immigrant domestics, most often Irish, Scandinavian, and German, were generally from areas of the so-called European marriage pattern, and employment for these women was normally temporary and limited to the life-course phase preceding marriage. Domestic work of this sort was a product of small-scale rural economies and was associated with late marriage. It was further marked by shared productive activity among all household members and by loosely defined social roles. In contrast to immigrants and native-born white servants, black domestics were older and far more likely to combine wage labor with marriage and motherhood. Their greater proclivity for day work and separate residential patterns, although clearly southern in origin, was replicated in northern cities and represented a trend toward the application of industrial work rules to domestic service (Dudden 1983). In other words, immigrant domestics seemed to compose the informal, “help” component of the domestic labor force, while black women, although marginalized and subject to discrimination in employment, appeared to represent an expanding, semiprofessionalized segment of the nation’s servant pool.
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Binder, John J. „The Transportation Revolution and Antebellum Sectional Disagreement“. Social Science History 35, Nr. 1 (2011): 19–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200014176.
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The transportation revolution had several important effects on the antebellum political equilibrium. First, it caused western and southern political views to differ by bringing more easterners and European immigrants into the West. Second, it reduced the costs of rerouting western exports to the non-South, which decreased the expected costs to the West of conflict with the South. Third, it greatly increased western population, which brought more free states into the Union and changed the balance in the Senate. Fourth, it increased northern numerical superiority over the South, giving the North a major advantage if an armed conflict did occur. These changes led the West to ally with the East and caused the South to secede.
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Bashford, Alison, und Jane McAdam. „The Right to Asylum: Britain's 1905 Aliens Act and the Evolution of Refugee Law“. Law and History Review 32, Nr. 2 (Mai 2014): 309–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000029.
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From the 1880s, states and self-governing colonies in North and South America, across Australasia, and in southern Africa began introducing laws to regulate the entry of newly defined “undesirable immigrants.” This was a trend that intensified exclusionary powers originally passed in the 1850s to regulate Chinese migration, initially in the context of the gold rushes in California and the self-governing colony of Victoria in Australia. The entry and movement of other populations also began to be regulated toward the end of the century, in particular the increasing number of certain Europeans migrating to the United States. It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that Britain followed this legal trend with the introduction of the 1905 Aliens Act, although it was a latecomer when situated in the global context, and certainly within the context of its own Empire. The Aliens Act was passed in response to the persecution of Eastern European Jews and their forced migration, mainly from the Russian Empire into Britain. It defined for the first time in British law the notion of the “undesirable immigrant,” criteria to exclude would-be immigrants, and exemptions from those exclusions. The Aliens Act has been analyzed by historians and legal scholars as an aspect of the history of British immigration law on the one hand, and of British Jewry and British anti-Semitism on the other. Exclusion based on ethnic and religious grounds has dominated both analyses. Thus, the Act has been framed as the major antecedent to Britain's more substantial and enduring legislative moves in the 1960s to restrict entry, regulate borders, and nominate and identify “undesirable” entrants effectively (if not explicitly) on racial grounds.
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Horn-Morgenstern, Andrés. „Los recubrimientos exteriores en la arquitectura alemana de Valdivia. Una metáfora de refinamiento y distinción social“. Arquitecturas del Sur 42, Nr. 65 (31.01.2024): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2024.42.065.04.
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As a result of the colonization process that began in the mid-19th century in southern Chile and, with it, the systematic arrival of European immigrants, an informal discourse has been favored over time to sustain the transcendent contribution of foreigners in the area, as well as the architectures accrued, thus emerging a widely spread valuation and cataloging discourse; the «German architecture of southern Chile.» Notwithstanding the widely publicized colonizing agenda and its overall impact, economic progress and better material conditions are not transversal issues within this migrant colony. Within this scenario, the Typical Zone of General Pedro Lagos Street, located in the city of Valdivia, constitutes a highly representative sector in terms of its social recognition and the valuation given to the properties located there as exponents of a prolific colonization process. In a specific group of buildings in this area, this article will review and present detailed background information that will allow building a situated and complex architectural scene, revealing the mechanisms used to exhibit prosperity and social climbing as an expiatory vehicle to cover production conditions alien to the neatness of capitalist German entrepreneurship and the European sophistication that was so desired to be transmitted in the cities undergoing fledgling immigration processes.
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Franklin, V. P. „Reflections on History, Education, and Social Theories“. History of Education Quarterly 51, Nr. 2 (Mai 2011): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2011.00336.x.
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Historians need social theories to conduct their research whether they are acknowledged or not. Positivist social theories underpinned the professionalization of the writing of history as well as the establishment of the social sciences as “disciplines,” in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. August Comte's “science of society” and theories of evolution were attractive to U.S. historians and other researchers dealing with rapid social and economic changes taking place under the banner of American and Western “progress.” Progressive and “pragmatic” approaches were taken in dealing with the social wreckage created by the expanding industrialization, increasing urbanization, and huge influx of southern and eastern European immigrants. In addition, social theories and philosophical trends also served as the ideological underpinning for historians writing about the “white man's burden” that was said to have brought European and American “civilization” to the indigenous peoples in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and the islands of the Pacific who came to be dominated by military might with collaboration from local elites.
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FONG, TIMOTHY. „Epidemics, racial anxiety and community formation: Chinese Americans in San Francisco“. Urban History 30, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2003): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926804001592.
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Immigration adaptation and race relations in the United States began receiving a great deal of scholarly attention early in the twentieth century, primarily in response to the arrival of large numbers of newcomers from eastern and southern Europe. The pre-eminent theory has been sociologist Robert Park's (1950) ‘race relations’ cycle, which posits that immigrants and racial minorities initially clashed with natives over cultural values and norms, but over time, adapt and are eventually absorbed into the mainstream society. This four-part cycle of contact, competition, accommodation and assimilation, according to Park, is ‘progressive and irreversible’. Unlike European Americans, however, the Chinese American experience in the United States has never been a consistent trajectory toward progressive and irreversible acceptance and assimilation.
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Finkelsztejn, Alessandro, Juarez Silva Lopes, Janaína Noal und Juliana M. Finkelsztejn. „The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 72, Nr. 2 (Februar 2014): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20130216.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of neurologic deficits in young adults and can lead to physical, intellectual and emotional problems. Approved treatments are expensive and are among the 10 highest budgets of the Brazilian Health Ministry. Given the diverse prevalence of MS among Brazilian regions, it is important to determine prevalence rates across the country. Seven studies have assessed MS in Brazil and reported rates ranging from 15 cases to 18 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. It has been hypothesized that this rate is even higher in southern Brazil, which has a high proportion of European heritage (mostly German and Italian) immigrants. Here, we report that the prevalence of MS in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is 27.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants.
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van der Brug, Wouter, und Eelco Harteveld. „The conditional effects of the refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and nationalism“. European Union Politics 22, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116520988905.
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What was the impact of the 2014–2016 refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and national identification in Europe? Several studies show that radical right parties benefitted electorally from the refugee crisis, but research also shows that anti-immigration attitudes did not increase. We hypothesize that the refugee crisis affected right-wing citizens differently than left-wing citizens. We test this hypothesis by combining individual level survey data (from five Eurobarometer waves in the 2014–2016 period) with country level statistics on the asylum applications in 28 EU member states. In Western Europe, we find that increases in the number of asylum applications lead to a polarization of attitudes towards immigrants between left- and right-leaning citizens. In the Southern European ‘arrival countries’ and in Central-Eastern Europe we find no significant effects. Nationalistic attitudes are also not affected significantly.
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Lips, Paul, Kevin D. Cashman, Christel Lamberg-Allardt, Heike Annette Bischoff-Ferrari, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Maria Luisa Bianchi, Jan Stepan, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan und Roger Bouillon. „Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society“. European Journal of Endocrinology 180, Nr. 4 (April 2019): P23—P54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0736.
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Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30–60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L or 12 ng/mL) is found in >10% of Europeans. The European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) advises that the measurement of serum 25(OH)D be standardized, for example, by the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Risk groups include young children, adolescents, pregnant women, older people (especially the institutionalized) and non-Western immigrants. Consequences of vitamin D deficiency include mineralization defects and lower bone mineral density causing fractures. Extra-skeletal consequences may be muscle weakness, falls and acute respiratory infection, and are the subject of large ongoing clinical trials. The ECTS advises to improve vitamin D status by food fortification and the use of vitamin D supplements in risk groups. Fortification of foods by adding vitamin D to dairy products, bread and cereals can improve the vitamin D status of the whole population, but quality assurance monitoring is needed to prevent intoxication. Specific risk groups such as infants and children up to 3 years, pregnant women, older persons and non-Western immigrants should routinely receive vitamin D supplements. Future research should include genetic studies to better define individual vulnerability for vitamin D deficiency, and Mendelian randomization studies to address the effect of vitamin D deficiency on long-term non-skeletal outcomes such as cancer.
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Saputra, Muhammad Beni. „Moving North: Intra-Racial Conflicts, White Resistance, And Radicalism of New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago“. Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 5, Nr. 2 (02.01.2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v5i2.1954.
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In the early twentieth century there was an essential period in the history of the United States called the Great Migration, during which a large number of Blacks from the southern states of America and the islands in the Caribbean moved to northern cities of the country. These black people migrated simply because 'of the impact of the war on the labor market' which 'stopped the flow of European immigrants' and of the fact that jobs in northern cities had a better pay than those in the South. From many destinations, Harlem and Chicago were among the most favored ones. This essay aims to examine the motivations and experiences of New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago as these two cities drew much attention to Blacks in the Southern cities of America as well as in the Caribbean. This essay argues that the influx of Blacks to Harlem and Chicago created intra-racial conflicts within black communities and resistance from white people. Yet all the disputes and problems faced by New Negroes in Harlem and Chicago inspired them to fight actively by organizing themselves in order to find workable solutions.
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F. Braby, Michael, und Ted D. Edwards. „The butterfly fauna of the Griffith district, a fragmented semi-arid landscape in inland southern New South Wales“. Pacific Conservation Biology 12, Nr. 2 (2006): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060140.
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Thirty-three species of butterflies are recorded from the Griffith district in the semi-arid zone of inland southern New South Wales. The butterfly community comprises the following structure: 19 species (58%) are resident; 7 (21 %) are regular immigrants; 2 (6%) are irregular immigrants; 5 (15%) are vagrants. Except for a few migratory species, most occur in relatively low abundance. Lack of similar studies elsewhere in western New South Wales precludes generalizations regarding the species richness, composition and structure of semi-arid butterfly communities. Comparison of the butterfly fauna with that from five other inland regions on the slopes and foothills of the Great Diving Range, revealed that the Griffith district is most similar in species richness and composition to that of Deniliquin and to a lesser extent Wagga Wagga and Cowra in the south, than with two regions in the higher summer rainfall area of the north of the State (Coonabarabran-Mendooran, Narrabri-Bellata). Overall, the butterfly fauna of inland New South Wales (total of 73 species, of which 49 occur in the southern regions) is depauperate compared with that recorded from the coastal/subcoastal areas east of the Great Dividing Range. Attention is drawn to the conservation significance of several vegetation types and habitat remnants in the Griffith district. Much of the native vegetation in the district has been extensively modified since European settlement due to excessive clearing for agriculture, resulting in a highly fragmented landscape for the conservation of native flora and fauna. With the exception of the lycaenid Candalides hyacinthinus Simplex, which is considered threatened locally, there is a general absence of narrow range endemic butterflies associated with mallee-heathland or mallee-woodland, possibly as a result of widespread land clearing practices of mallee vegetation in the past.
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Zherlitsina, N. A. „INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL: EUROPEAN STRATEGY AND NATIONAL MODELS“. Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 17, Nr. 2 (2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2023-2-91-100.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the integration policy for migrants in the countries of Southern Europe – Spain and Portugal, in particular. With the ongoing migration crisis, these states face difficulties in integrating new groups into society and everyday life. Given that Spain and Portugal became countries of immigration almost simultaneously with joining the European Union, this process acquired a key role in determining the Union's policy on migration in general and the integration of migrants in particular. Despite the presence of a command center in Brussels and common standards, each of the EU countries implements them in accordance with their national characteristics. The practical results of the integration of immigrants in Spain and Portugal differ remarkably. With the beginning of the migration crisis in Europe in 2015 Spain has resorted to integration strategies based on sanctions, which can be regarded as restrictive and regressive. The experience of Portugal, as the most successful country in terms of advanced integration practices, indicates that the future of integration lies with intercultural strategies, and moving away from the notorious multiculturalism and assimilation.
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Rodriguez Martinez, Pilar. „Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Scandinavia and Southern Europe“. Comparative Sociology 18, Nr. 3 (10.07.2019): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341500.
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Abstract This article will focus on the significant differences shown by the data found by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) survey of women who may or may not have suffered physical Intimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW). The authors present the model and result of the discriminant function analysis that they carried out separately for the countries from southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, and Malta) and Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden). Their hypotheses were that women with less income, lower educational level, who are divorced, who have children, are from rural areas, who are housewives, with bad health, older aged, immigrants, and those who had suffered some physical violence from other people – apart from the partner or ex-partner –, will suffer more violence than the rest of women. One of the most relevant conclusions from their analysis was this: the more often a woman experienced physical violence from someone other than a partner/ex-partner beginning at the age of 15 years old, the more probable it will be that she will suffer IPVAW. The authors discuss this and other significant findings here.
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Klich, Ignacio. „Argentine-Ottoman Relations and Their Impact on Immigrants from the Middle East: A History of Unfulfilled Expectations, 1910-1915“. Americas 50, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1993): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007138.
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During the last quarter of the nineteenth century and first three decades of this one, a small though increasing number of Middle Easterners–principally Lebanese, Syrians, and Palestinians–made their way to the Americas. Hitherto a little studied influx, the Arabic speakers were part of the largely southern European immigration that reached Latin America in general, and Argentina in particular. Included among the arrivals were the forebears of such future heads of state as Argentina's Carlos Saúl Menem, Bolivia's Juan Pereda Asbún, Colombia's Julio César Turbay Ayala, the Dominican Republic's Elías Wessín y Wessín, or Uruguay's Alberto Abdala, and of such presidential hopefuls as Paulo Salim Maluf (Brazil), Abdala Bucaram (Ecuador), and Jorge Dager (Venezuela). Their spectacular rise, in many cases achieved by the first generation of the immigrants' local offspring, must not obscure the fact that the Arabic speakers were generally undesired. That much was clearly spelled out in the legislation of various countries. Unlike some of her sister states, Argentina, the region's principal absorber, did not seek to block the Middle Easterners' entry before 1928. This was so irrespective of the Argentine constitution's bias in favor of European immigration, the preference for north Europeans shown by the country's elites and their illdisguised disdain for the Arabic speakers, among other ethnic and religious groups. Hence, as the numbers of Syro-Lebanese taking advantage of the absence of Argentine barriers rose, they became the victims of xenophobic attacks, especially since the 1880s.
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Bentz, Linda, und Todd J. Braje. „Chinese Abalone Merchants and Fishermen in Nineteenth-Century Santa Barbara, California“. Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, Nr. 1 (23.04.2018): 88–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341368.
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Abstract Shortly after the California Gold Rush, the first commercial abalone fishery sprang to life along the central and southern Californian coast, an industry founded and developed by Chinese immigrants. By shipping dried black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) to Chinese communities in the American West, and exporting the product to a ready market in China, Chinese merchants assembled an elaborate trade network that reached from Santa Barbara, California, to China. Here, we offer the first synthesis of archaeological and historical data that describes the elements of Chinese export activities interpreted through a trading diaspora framework. Our results reveal details about an international trade network supported by the formation of self-governing business associations, relationships with trading partners, and interactions with European Americans. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of the broader context of California’s historical fisheries and contextualizes the strategies of Chinese merchants who took advantage of new opportunities presented by a changing Pacific economy.
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Kozintsev, A. G. „Origin of the Andronovans: A Statistical Approach“. Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 51, Nr. 4 (03.01.2024): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.4.142-151.
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The origin of the Andronovo population is explored using a statistical rather than typological approach. Four questions are raised. Which Eastern European populations of the Middle Bronze and the transition to the Late Bronze Age had taken part in Andronovo origins? What was the contribution of the southern groups? What was the role of the autochthonous Siberian substratum? What was the population background of the dichotomy between two major Andronovo cultural traditions, Fedorovka and Alakul? To address these questions, measurements of 12 male Andronovo cranial samples (nine relating to Fedorovka and three to Alakul) and 85 male cranial samples from Eastern Europe, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Southwestern Central Asia, Southern Caucasus, and the Near East were subjected to canonical variate analysis, and minimum spanning trees were constructed. The results suggest that the most likely ancestors of Andronovans were Late Catacomb tribes of Northern Caucasus, people of Poltavka, Sintashta, and those associated with the Abashevo-Sintashta horizon. While no direct parallels with Southern Caucasian, Southwestern Central Asian or Near Eastern populations were found among Andronovo groups, some of them could have inherited the southern component from either the Abashevo or the Catacomb people. In the former case, one should postulate a gradient: Fatyanovo → Balanovo → Abashevo → Sintashta → Petrovka → Andronovo; in the latter case, the variation within Andronovo is directly derivable from that among the Catacomb populations. Andronovo groups displaying an autochthonous Siberian tendency demonstrate various degrees of “mutual assimilation” between immigrants and pre-Mongoloid natives. Differences between the Fedorovka and Alakul samples are significant but very small. A special role of Petrovka in the origin of Alakul is not supported by the analysis.
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Spier, Troy E., und Jesahe Herrera Ruano. „An Analysis of the Spanish-Language Landscape and Hispanic Identity in Hazleton, Pennsylvania (USA)“. Lenguaje 49, Nr. 1 (19.04.2021): 01–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v49i1.10581.
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Linguistic landscapes refer broadly to the study of perceived or actual language use in a particular environment. Such an ever-changing landscape, metaphorical or not, can be most readily identified through the visible or audible presence of language, and this frequently occurs through the analysis of signs. The present study considers the small city of Hazleton, located at the southern edge of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Although it was recognized in the early and mid-nineteenth century as a refuge for Eastern European immigrants pursuing employment in the anthracite industry, Hazleton has garnered national attention in the last decade for its increasing Latino population, the overall reduction in monolingual English speakers, and the public reactions and legislation of local government officials. In particular, this study analyzes the types of signs found along the almost two-mile length of Wyoming Street, a street that intersects multiple neighborhoods commonly associated with the reification of Hispanidad. As such, we attempt here concurrently to determine the functions for which the Spanish language is employed publicly and also to consider the extent to which these signs reflect the identity of the Spanish-speaking community more broadly.
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González-Torres, Rolando. „ALTERNATIVE OUTLINES OF IMMIGRATION: A CASE OF REPOPULATION OF EXISTING ABANDONED SPANISH TOWNS“. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, Nr. 1 (06.04.2016): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1150221.
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One of the most sensitive tragic situations today, in regards to human relations in Europe is the illegal immigrants’ issue. But it is no longer mainly a subject of borders’ transgression, obsolete sovereignties, or labor-hand marketing. Huge population masses without fixed course are driven by different urgent motives from their countries of origin – North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe,– they have no choice but to move in search of places to settle and provide a decent home for their families. In the form of another drama in this case of heritage and environment, some old rural villages of Spain – as there are in other southern European countries – have been completely abandoned and their current status, in ruins, results of the economic, political and urban trends of the past 75 years. Connecting these issues, it could be considered a promising future for those homeless families as well as for those dying towns through integrated solutions of mutual benefit. This research examines the resurgence of human being’s value over any other concept of relative temporarily value, and where a town’s roots are more important than any commercial interest and real estate speculation.
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Bánffy, Eszter. „Mesolithic-Neolithic contacts as reflected in ritual finds“. Documenta Praehistorica 32 (31.12.2005): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.32.4.
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The beginnings of settled life in Central Europe were marked by a series of interactions between local foragers and immigrants of southern origin. The Carpathian Basin is the last region to have had direct contact with Balkan peoples in the early Neolithic. In the course of the interaction, not only did two groups of different origin and manners meet and merge: two ways of symbolic thinking, two kinds of cult life, two perceptions of space and time must have come face to face. We know much more about south-east European Neolithic cults and ritual life, as reconstructed from enormously rich finds of material consisting of figurines, house models, anthropomorphic vessels etc. In the western part of the Carpathian Basin there are local imitations of these finds, thanks to contact. However, the figural representations almost entirely disappear by the developed phase of the Linear Pottery culture in Central Europe. Thus, we may find some hints about the other, local way of thinking. The possible causes of this change and also different perspectives in the symbolic meaning of this process are discussed in this short paper.