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1
LAM, Peng Er. „China's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: East Asian Responses“. East Asian Policy 06, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2014): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000403.
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Beijing's Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank appears to be a “game changer” in the political economy of East Asia. In an era when the US superpower and Japan are facing fiscal problems, China has ample funds to woo Asian states seeking economic development. Notwithstanding its maritime disputes in the South China Sea with some ASEAN states, Beijing has offered the carrot of development as a means to serve its geopolitical ends.
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Li, Jilin. „How Can East Asia Culture Tradition Foster a Rapidly Growing Economy“. Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 21 (12.12.2023): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v21i.14791.
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The important influence of culture on economy lies not only in its direct influence on the behavior pattern of economic individuals, but also in its influence on the performance of official systems. Culture is the foundation of official systems and one of the basic conditions for their success. Confucianism originated in China and gradually spread to Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam. Over the course of thousands of years, it has perfected itself and expanded its influence across a vast area of East and Southeast Asia, forming the cultures and traditions of those regions. The rapid and unprecedented economic success of East Asia, including South Korea, has led scholars to tend to study East Asian economic development from a cultural perspective, recognizing that economically successful East Asian countries are all influenced by a common culture of Confucianism. Taking South Korea as an example, this paper selects two characteristics of East Asian culture, big government and emphasis on education, and analyzes that East Asian culture and values not only adapt to modern economy, but also foster a rapid economic growth.
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Hudi, Moh. „Peran Politik dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia“. Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 12, Nr. 03 (26.12.2020): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/madani.v12i03.2172.
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Indonesia is a developing country which is one of the countries that are members of the group of world countries, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asian Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC), Southeast Asia Association of South East Of Asian Nation (ASEAN) and others. Even though until now the Indonesian state in its level of economic development is not very well established. Even among ASEAN countries, Indonesia is still lagging behind other ASEAN countries. This will hamper Indonesia's growth in the medium and long term if the quality of the economy is not immediately improved.
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Hidayat, Adrian. „Integrasi Ekonomi Asia: Solusi Asia Menghadapi Krisis Global 2008“. Winners 9, Nr. 2 (30.09.2008): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v9i2.725.
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No economies throughout the region managed to escape from the "global economic crisis in 2008" that was initiated in the United States. This is a logical consequence of the global economy that has been rolling along. The world economy is increasingly becoming more integrated and interdependent with one another. Exposure stems from the economic crisis in the prolonged United States subprime mortgage financial crisis, and eventually dragged the European economy, and also Asia. The Asian region was only affected, but even if only the impact of course, was enough to overwhelm the Asian region since the crisis has a major impact on a country's foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, after the G-20 summit held in Washington on November 15, 2008, the three major Asian countries, namely China, Japan and South Korea held a summit in Fukuoka Japanese initiative, which was attended by the three heads of government. This summit was to bring fresh air for the Asian region, because in addition to having a positive impact on Asian stocks, it also provides a new self confidence that Asia has formed an alliance that would at least fortify themselves (region) with the resulting stimulus policy. This initiative to find a solution is eventually expanded, and was welcomed by ASEAN countries, known as ASEAN Plus Three. Since in Asia there is already the East Asia Summit (East Asia Summit), the negotiations and the name of the group changed into the 6 partner countries of ASEAN. These six countries are Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and India.
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Wu, Chien-Huei. „ASEAN at the Crossroads: Trap and Track between CPTPP and RCEP“. Journal of International Economic Law 23, Nr. 1 (27.11.2019): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz032.
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Abstract In the wake of the mega-free trade agreements, all of the 10 member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations are determined to participate in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and to maintain the centrality of the Association of South East Asian Nations whereas Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam have also opted for the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. In view of divergent positions of member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations, this paper asks two questions: empirically, what drives individual member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations toward the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership or Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership; normatively, do the different positions embraced by member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations weaken the coherence of external relations of the Association of South East Asian Nations and undermine its centrality in Asian regionalism. I argued that Singapore’s participation in the Trans-Pacific Partnership is mainly motivated by its wish to set the rules of free trade agreements in the Asian Pacific. Brunel aims to diversify its domestic economy and to undergo economic reform through international commitments. Vietnam and Malaysia joined the Trans-Pacific Partnership with a view to accessing American market, but Vietnam’s Trans-Pacific Partnership participation should also be understood in the context of its aggressive free trade agreements strategy. This paper argues that solidarity within member countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations does not prevent economically advanced member countries from participating in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership for market access; nonetheless, the need of Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar should be taken into account through special and differential treatment in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership negotiations.
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Metwally, Mokhtar M. „The interaction between economic growth in the EU and South‐East Asia“. European Business Review 95, Nr. 2 (01.04.1995): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555349510084390.
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Develops and tests a simultaneous equation model to assess the effect of growth in exports to the EU on the economic development of five South‐East Asian countries. Emphasizes the role played by economic interdependence and estimates the degree of feedback effects between each Asian economy and the EU.
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Dent, Christopher M. „Taiwan and the New Regional Political Economy of East Asia“. China Quarterly 182 (Juni 2005): 385–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100500024x.
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Regional economic relations in East Asia have experienced a period of profound change since the 1997/98 financial crisis. Two developments are particularly notable. The first relates to the ASEAN Plus Three (APT) framework, under which an increasingly coalescent regional economic grouping has emerged in East Asia. Thus far, APT member states (Japan, China, South Korea and the ASEAN group) have devoted much energy to creating new mechanisms of regional financial governance, such as the Chiang Mai Initiative and Asian Bond Market Initiative. The second development concerns the expansion of bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) projects in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific. Many see this as a precursor to forging wider sub-regional or regional trade agreements. Both developments mark a potentially significant shift from regionalization to regionalism in East Asia, and thus “high politics” becomes de facto more important given regionalism is largely founded on inter-(nation-)state agreements. Beijing's continued ardent contestation of Taiwan's nation-statehood has hence limited Taiwan's ability to engage as it would like in East Asia's new regional political economy. This article considers the nature of regional political economy and applies it to the recent East Asian experience, which in turn provides an analytical framework for examining the significance of the APT framework and new FTA trend, and Taiwan's position in relation to them. Special attention is paid to Taiwan's prospects in East Asia's new regional political economy.
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Rudner, Martin. „Apec: The Challenges of Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation“. Modern Asian Studies 29, Nr. 2 (Mai 1995): 403–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012798.
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International trade figures prominently in the economic growth strategies of East and Southeast Asian countries. Despite the economic recession experienced across much of the world since the early 1990s, the pace of economic growth was sustained virtually unabated in the countries of East and Southeast Asia.During the entire decade of the 1980s the East and Southeast Asian economies grew more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the world economy. Along with this growth performance, international trade in the East and Southeast Asian region increased at about twice the rate of Europe and North America. Merchandise exports in East and Southeast Asia increased at an annual average rate of 10% per annum between 1965 and 1989. In 1990 and 1991 aggregate merchandise exports from Asia's Newly Industrializing Economies (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong) grew by 9.0% and 11.4%, while the four ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) developing countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) recorded average increases of 12.9% and 14.3%, respectively.Expanding merchandise exports were accompanied by surging capital inflows and rising investment rates, culminating in accelerated growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) along with a significant reduction in the incidence of poverty.
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Chakravarty, Rishi. „Role of Trade in Promoting Entrepreneurship Development between North East India and South East Asia“. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 5, Nr. 8 (02.08.2017): 6576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i8.02.
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Entrepreneurship plays a vital role for economic growth and development of a nation or a region within the nation. Out of many important benefits of entrepreneurship development, generation of employment opportunities for job seekers is one of the most important issues. India‟s North Eastern Region (NER) is unique in terms of growth opportunities as it has the potential to develop into India‟s economic power house being a vibrant source of energy, oil, natural gas, coal, and limestone, besides being endowed with its largest perennial water system in the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Aptly considered as „The Gateway‟ to its South East Asian neigh bours, India‟s North East can emerge as a strategic base for foreign and domestic investors to tap into the South East Asian region, which is getting integrated through the operationalization of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) and the Agreement on Trade in Services. At the initiative of the present Government at the center, the slogan of “Make in India” has gained immense popularity with a more vibrant “Act East Policy” now taking over the formerly „Look East Policy‟. The NER's unlimited tourism opportunities, unique performing arts, and varied cuisine and handicrafts provides the ideal setting for its development as a hub for dealing in trade and commerce with India‟s eastern neighbours and boosting entrepreneurship. Development of NER will not only enhance the economy ofIndia but also will foster bilateral integration amongst the East and South East Asian neighbours. This paper therefore is an attempt to understand in what way will trade between the North East India and South East Asian regions can boost entrepreneurship and generate self employment.
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Park, Chung Won. „The Method for Organizing the North East Asian Economic Cooperation Body“. Korean Journal of Policy Studies 6 (31.12.1991): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps06005.
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At the time that the era of the Cold War is vanishing and that the new world order is forming, we are realizing the need of the economic cooperation body. Particularly, because the importance of the north east Asia in the light of economy is increasing, we can organize the north east Asian economic cooperation with six nations. And in the course of organizing the plan, Korea should play an important role and it will cause South Korea and North Korea to release the opposition. It will form the new Pacific order among the USA, the USSR, and Japan and form the economic cooperation circle like E.C. Consequently, the north east Asian economic cooperation body will organize the field to the end of coprosperity and cosecurity in the north east Asia and the Korean peninsula.
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Norin, V. G. „MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE NEW «ASIAN POLICY» OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY“. Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, Nr. 1-2 (20.10.2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2020-1-2-13.
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The article considers the main directions and problems of Russia's foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific Region and South-East Asia within the framework of the concept of advanced development of the Russian Far East, building an economy in the Far East focused on exporting goods and services to Asian markets through the implementation of investment projects. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the implementation of Asian foreign policy through cooperation in the main integration structures in the conditions of global political and economic instability.
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Oonk, Gijsbert. „South Asians in East Africa (1880-1920) with a Particular Focus on Zanzibar: Toward a Historical Explanation of Economic Success of a Middlemen Minority“. African and Asian Studies 5, Nr. 1 (2006): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920906775768282.
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AbstractThe main object of this article is to falsify the common historical portrait of South Asians in Zanzibar and East Africa. Most studies, a-priori, assume the outstanding business success of the Asian minority in East Africa. In explaining this success, they emphasize common explanations and theories for their economic success, like hard work, having a superior business mind, using their ethnic resources for capital accumulation and knowledge of (international) markets. In this article I attempt to explain the success of South Asians in Zanzibar, East Africa, from a historical point of view. My main argument is that South Asians started with a far more favorable socio-economic position as compared to their African counterparts. They were more than Swahilis, accustomed with a money economy and the concept of interest. In addition, they knew how to read, write and produce account books. Finally, they had access to the rulers, and were able to negotiate profitable terms of trade. Nevertheless, many were not successful at all and went bankrupt. Therefore, the success of South Asians in East Africa may be explained as the outcome of a 'trial and error' process. The successful remained in East Africa, whereas others left. India remained a safety net for those who did not make out as well as a source for new recruitment of traders, shopkeepers and clerks.
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Park, Sang-Chul. „The EU Trade Policy and Its Impact on East Asian Economies and Particularly in South Korea“. APEC Studies Association of Korea 15, Nr. 2 (31.12.2023): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52595/jas.15.2.51.
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Global political economy has been experiencing a new normal period through the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine War since Jan. 2020. At the same time, the trade conflict between the USA and China has been continuing since the Trump Administration and even expanding to the technology conflict under the Biden Administration that has enhanced protectionism in the world trade. Due to these conflicts, discussions on de-globalization or re-globalization are raised. The two expected or unexpected historical events have resulted in a long wave of high inflation, energy and food crises, disorder of global supply chains etc. in the global economy, which is known as a new normal era shifted from low inflation, well-functioning global supply chains based on division of labor. In order to strengthen its economic and political leadership, the Biden government has upgraded the Trump’s America First Policy to the Made in America Policy based on Chips and Science Act (CSA) and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which represent a new era of protectionism. In parallel, the EU has also considered to impose Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) and other Acts in Green Deal Industrial Plan (GDIP). This paper aims to analyze the new trend of protectionism in the EU. It also focuses on impacts of protectionism on South Korea in particular.
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Jain, Prerna, und Pragati Jain. „South –East Asian Crisis- An Important Lesson for the Global Economy“. Journal of Global Economy 5, Nr. 1 (31.03.2009): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i1.95.
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Crises are an intrinsic feature of the market–oriented credit and financial system. Business cycles showing periods of boom and bust will continue to occur, only the intensity shall matter. An unprecedented crisis that erupted in five Asian economies: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Phillipines, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, in mid 1997-1998 raised concern about the stability of the “Global Financial Architecture.â€Â The clear evidence emerged of a rapid and unsustainable buildup of investment in fixed assets financed by excessive borrowing. This investment-spending spree resulted in poor profitability, reflected in low and declining returns on equity and on capital employed. The severity of the crisis in the Asian region was so great that some other countries in the world – Brazil and Russia, in particular also got affected by the contagion.
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Francois, Joseph F., und Ganeshan Wignaraja. „Economic Implications of Asian Integration“. Global Economy Journal 8, Nr. 3 (29.07.2008): 1850139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1332.
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The Asian countries are once again focused on options for large, comprehensive regional integration schemes. In this paper we explore the implications of such broad-based regional trade initiatives in Asia, highlighting the bridging of the East and South Asian economies. We place emphasis on the alternative prospects for insider and outsider countries. We work with a global general equilibrium model of the world economy, benchmarked to a projected 2017 sets of trade and production patterns. We also work with gravity-model based estimates of trade costs linked to infrastructure, and of barriers to trade in services. Taking these estimates, along with tariffs, into our CGE model, we examine regionally narrow and broad agreements, all centered on extending the reach of ASEAN to include free trade agreements with combinations of the northeast Asian economies (PRC, Japan, Korea) and also the South Asian economies. We focus on a stylized FTA that includes goods, services, and some aspects of trade cost reduction through trade facilitation and related infrastructure improvements. What matters most for East Asia is that China, Japan, and Korea be brought into any scheme for deeper regional integration. This matter alone drives most of the income and trade effects in the East Asia region across all of our scenarios. The inclusion of the South Asian economies in a broader regional agreement sees gains for the East Asian and South Asian economies. Most of the East Asian gains follow directly from Indian participation. The other South Asian players thus stand to benefit if India looks East and they are a part of the program, and to lose if they are not. Interestingly, we find that with the widest of agreements, the insiders benefit substantively in terms of trade and income while the aggregate impact on outside countries is negligible. Broadly speaking, a pan-Asian regional agreement would appear to cover enough countries, with a great enough diversity in production and incomes, to actually allow for regional gains without substantive third-country losses. However, realizing such potential requires overcoming a proven regional tendency to circumscribe trade concessions with rules of origin, NTBs, and exclusion lists. The more likely outcome, a spider web of bilateral agreements, carries with it the prospect of significant outsider costs (i.e. losses) both within and outside the region.
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Timmer, C. Peter. „Rural Bias in the East and South‐East Asian rice economy: Indonesia in comparative perspective“. Journal of Development Studies 29, Nr. 4 (Juli 1993): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389308422298.
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Sopandi, Setiadi, Yoshiyuki Yamana, Johannes Widodo und Shin Muramatsu. „Modern Architecture in Southeast Asia, an Introduction. Asia, North-South-West-East“. Modern Southeast Asia, Nr. 57 (2017): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/57.a.475sor25.
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The Asian economy began to rebound in the early 2000s. Cities were, once again, expanding along with the population and industrialization. Architectural projects, after having halted for a few years, were coming back providing new opportunities for Asian practices. Sharing optimism as well as anxieties, Asian architects and scholars were looking forward to the future as well as once again taking a glimpse back at their recent architectural past, roughly from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. With this opportunity, they decided to take a moment to reflect on how Asian cities, landscapes, and their architectural heritage were shaped, altered, grown in the process of Asian societies embracing modernity.
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Wong, Joseph. „The Adaptive Developmental State in East Asia“. Journal of East Asian Studies 4, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2004): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006007.
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In 1997, several of Asia's economies collapsed and the international community was called in to help mend the ailing region. The crisis attracted a great deal of attention among both the scholarly and policy communities. At that time, it seemed that the Asian miracle had come to an abrupt end. Places such as South Korea enjoyed a prosperous run though suffered a dubious demise. Later developers in Southeast Asia and China, having just emerged from out of the starting gate, quickly stalled in their attempts to ride the wave of Asia's postwar economic dynamism. Fortunately, things would not remain dour for too long. Some countries, such as Taiwan and Japan, made it through the crisis relatively unscathed. Both China and South Korea quickly rebounded. Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, adapted and have consequently begun new growth trajectories. In the end, it seemed that the most severe and lasting casualty of the 1997 crisis was the East Asian developmental state model itself. To be sure, the more recent literatures on East Asian political economy have taken a sharp turn, wherein terms like “booty capitalism” and “crony capitalism” have quickly come to replace more laudatory titles such as the “East Asian Miracle.”
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Parnini, Syeda Naushin. „The Role of Government in Economic Development: A Comparative Study between Bangladesh and South Korea“. Journal of Public Administration and Governance 1, Nr. 1 (26.06.2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v1i1.742.
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In East Asia the government of each country has played a decisive role in state development by engineering economic miracle. South Korea has dramatically been transforming its economy and managing development of the most important public and private enterprises since 1960s. South Korean government provided a favourable institutional framework by prioritizing industrial growth, within which the private sector could flourish. All these unique features are obviously the basis of Asian version of capitalism. The unique Asian variety of capitalism is mostly linked with the industrial policy debate where the government plays an active and paternal role in guiding the economy and society. This paper tries to explore the development strategies and economic policies adopted by the government of South Korea to ignite change in favour of radical economic transformation and its efficacious performance to create a sense of urgency to bring about a hospitable environment for growth and competitive advantage. Against this backdrop this paper also figures out the lessons to be learned by Bangladeshi Government from Korean experience to emulate and also to address the country’s economic potentials in order to catch up the economy of the Asian Tigers.
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Et al., Dr Sarfraz Batool. „Asean Is Working On The Triple-Cs Principle For Regional Economic Integration“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 1 (20.01.2021): 5447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2160.
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Southeast Asian Association for regional Co-operation was established in 1967 for the region's socio-economic development. Now it has been working as a single economic body and has become the sixth-largest economy in the world and third largest in Asia. It constitutes the third-largest population in the world that is effectively connected through physical and digital means. This study aims to develop a theoretical understanding of the concept of regional Integration and to analyze the trends of regional integration suitable for the South East Asian region specifically. It focuses on the ASEAN's Triple-Cs Principle to deeply analyze its journey of regional economic integration. This Principle, basically, describe the existing strategic patterns of economic integration specifically used in the ASEAN countries to maintain their territorial integrity and increase socio-economic development in the world’s most diverse region. It further shows that how ASEAN remained consistently committed to regional integration since its initiation, for that purpose, how ASEAN worked on the journey of regional connectivity. And, How the advancement in the digital arena, is constantly increasing the regional connectivity (through digital means) and has become a backbone for the process of regional integration in the Asian region. Finally, how regional connectivity brings Peace, Progress, and Prosperity in the South East Asia. Further, it also helps to analyze that how much the existing patterns of Asian regionalism are conducive for socio-economic development. This study is divided into the following sections; the first section briefly describes the central theories of regionalism. In addition, it extensively describes the concept of region, regionalism, and regional integration and the importance of regional integration in the Asian region. The second section of the study explains the details of the Triple-Cs Principle of ASEAN for regional integration. The third section describes how ASEAN followed the Triple-Cs principle during its journey towards regional economic integration in different phases. Finally, it concludes with certain recommendations
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Susanti, Ninie. „AIRLANGGA: HIS RELATIONS TO KINGS IN SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA“. Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya 4, Nr. 1 (14.12.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v4i1.155.
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After 1,000 years of C.E, it was the most crucial period in the journey of Southeast Asian ancient history. Many fundamental transitions happened, which were caused by disturbances from the outside of the Southeast Asian countries, as well as, from the countries within Southeast Asia. Casparis was a scholar who wrote about King Airlangga’s rule in Java (1019 – 1043 C.E) and who called him “A True Personality” because he succeeded in helping his people going through difficult times when the state faced devastation. Coedès placed Airlangga in a position equal to that of other kings of mainland Southeast Asia, such as King Suryawarman (who ruled Khmer from 1002 to 1050), and King Aniruddha of Pagan (1044 – 1077). The content of King Airlangga’s inscriptions reflected his broad networks in politics, economy, and religion to many kings in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, his reforming ideas was – believed – inspired by his networks. During his ruling period, his ideas of reformation had granted him as a great king. He managed to raise his kingdom from the devastation caused by Pralaya in 1016 by using as an analogy, a policy which was formed through the political, economic and religious conditions implemented by other neighboring kings, to his domestic problem. The result of which is that it was an intense relationship between the kings in Southeast Asia and South Asia and King Airlangga during the spice route network and other products. This relationship continued until Majapahit era in Java, according to the inscriptions.
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Doppler, Rainer. „The Relation between Economic Development and International Trade: A Comparative Analysis of East Asian and Southeast Asian Economies“. Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 7, Nr. 1 (01.12.2015): 67–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2015-0003.
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Abstract The impressive economic development of East Asian and Southeast Asian countries, like China, Japan, South Korea, or Singapore, is often described as the ‘Asian economic miracle’. The transition from a less developed economy to an industrialised country and successful integration into the global economy within a relatively short period of time are characteristics of the economic development process. Academic research is dominated by a general agreement on the causal relationship between economic development and international trade. The research goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of the level of economic development on the degree of international trade in the economies of China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand. The applied research model does not follow the traditional research mainstream but rather introduces relative shares of GDP-related industrial output and of manufactures exports by adopting national as well as international perspectives instead. Descriptive trend analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis are conducted in order to test the hypotheses. The results do not support conventional academic wisdom. A statistically reasonable causality between the level of economic development, in terms of relative industrial output, and the degree of international trade, in terms of relative industrial exports, could not be confirmed.
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Mamogale, Majuta Judas. „Building a Democratic Developmental State in Post-Colonial Africa: South Africa at the Glance“. African Review 47, Nr. 1 (30.03.2020): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1821889x-12340008.
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Abstract Failures of neo-liberalism in Africa through Structural Adjustment Program in the 1980s and 1990s compelled many post-colonial African states to seek alternative growth models to transform and grow their economies. Inspired by the economic success of Asian region, South Africa seeks to replicate the Asian developmental model to transform and industrialise its economy. Reviewing only the literature, the paper found that despite displaying so many similarities with East and South Asian developmental states, the rhetoric for the replication of the Asian developmental state model in South Africa works like a pendulum thus adopting a topsy-turvy approach. The notion of a developmental state is elevated through policy pronouncement and government commitments through the medium term and long-term strategic frameworks for the country. Despite displaying so many similarities with Asian developmental states, affixing the label of a developmental state onto the country by South Africans themselves is not going to make it one.
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Rawan, N., und O. E. Grishin. „Importance of Afghanistan for Regional Security in South and East Asia“. Post-Soviet Issues 7, Nr. 1 (15.04.2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-1-94-103.
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In this article, the importance ofAfghanistanfor South andEast Asiaand for regional security is assessed.Asiaas a whole and the south Asian region in particular is playing an increasingly important role in world politics and economy. It’s believed that south Asia is moving forward and will be in a much better position both in politics and economy in the future of Asia and world. The region has been characterized by the dynamic inter-play of security, economic and diplomatic factors reinforcing each other owing to the complex nature of territorial claims and religious extremist activities.Afghanistanstrategic location is so important for south Asian countries likePakistan,Indiaand also forChina,IranandRussiastability and security in the region. AsAfghanistanis still a safe haven for international terrorists’ groups and Taliban, therefore it’s a serious threat to the region and world. Due to the geo-strategic Location of Afghanistan any problem will affect the region stability and security as it did in the past too. Further Successive regimes inPakistanhave tried their best to impose a favorable government inAfghanistanbut those policies harmed them only. ForChina, the importance ofAfghanistanbecomes evident from the internal security in Xinjiang region.Iranwould like to seeAfghanistanfree fromUSexistence. From other sideRussiaworry about the inflow of opium and other narcotics fromAfghanistanto the centralAsia.
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Abel, Guy J., und Nayoung Heo. „Subnational gender balances in South Korea“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, Nr. 5 (06.02.2018): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x18756640.
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Within one generation, the South Korean economy developed from one of the poorest countries in the world during the 1950s to a developed, high-income country by the end of the 1990s. During the latter part of this period, South Korea (hereafter called Korea) experienced rapid demographic change characterized by a steep decline in fertility levels and abnormally high sex ratios at birth. Unlike other East and South-East Asian countries that underwent similar economic and demographic changes, Korea has witnessed a steady decline in the sex ratios at birth since the end of 1990s through 2000s. In this paper, we visualize the current spatial distribution of population born during the peak years of sex ratios at birth.
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Liu, Mei, und Qing-Ping Ma. „The impact of saving rate on economic growth in Asian countries“. National Accounting Review 4, Nr. 4 (2022): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nar.2022023.
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<abstract> <p>The success of East Asian countries in economic growth since the 1960s and the rapid development of China's economy in the past four decades have caused debates on whether these countries have found a new path of development and the role of government in economic growth. The present study investigates whether orthodox growth theories can explain East Asian growth by examining the impact of saving rates on economic growth in Asian countries. Using panel data analysis based on a dataset of 46 Asian countries and regions during the period 1969–2021, we find that gross domestic saving rate, GDP per capita, and urban population growth rate all significantly impact the annual GDP growth rates of Asian countries. The positive effect of the gross saving rate is very significant in the period 1960–1990 but insignificant in 1991–2021, while the positive impact of the urban population growth rate is more significant in the period 1991–2021 than in 1960–1990, and GDP per capita has a very significant negative effect during both 1960–1990 and 1991–2021. We further find that the saving rate has a very significant positive impact on economic growth in East and South Asian countries during 1960–2021. GDP per capita has a significant negative impact in East, South, Southeast, and West Asian countries; the urban population growth has a significant positive impact on GDP growth in East and West Asian countries during 1960–2021. The saving rate has a very significant positive impact on GDP growth in high-income countries, a significant positive impact in upper-middle-income countries, and an insignificant impact in lower-middle-income countries. Our present results show that a high saving rate is one of the critical factors for rapid economic growth in developing countries. Urban population growth and GDP per capita also have significant impacts on economic growth.</p> </abstract>
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Ansari, Javed A., und Rafique A. Khan. „Technological Capability Building in South Korea: Some Lessons for Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 37, Nr. 4II (01.12.1998): 825–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.825-845.
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Recent economic upheavals raise important questions about the nature of the transformation that has taken place in the East Asian economics. Are these economics really catching up with the West? Is there growth process sustainable? Or will they suffer the type of systemic disintegration experienced by the East European countries during the 1990s—Paul Krugman (1994) and Young (1994) had demonstrated similarities in the East Asian and East European growth paths some time ago. Technological upgrading is an important element in the development of a sustainable growth strategy. This paper seeks to describe policies and initiatives taken by the South Korean government to stimulate technological learning during 1960-1990—the decades during which the South Korean economy achieved a “miraculous” transformation. The description relics mainly on Korean sources and is based on our own field research in that country. Section one describes the technological learning processes and Section Two presents a discussion of the policies that facilitated this learning. Section Three briefly addresses the question: Did this type of technological learning make a contribution towards enhancing the sustainability of Korean development processes? The concluding section briefly reflects on the lessons that seem relevant for Pakistan.
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Kireeva, A. A. „RUSSIA AND EAST ASIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES“. MGIMO Review of International Relations, Nr. 3(36) (28.06.2014): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-9-19.
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The article focuses on major dimensions, achievements, challenges and prospects of relations between Russia and East Asia. Strategic importance of the region is shaped by East Asia's increasing role in world politics and economy as well as by its appeal for Russia's modernization agenda. Russia's great power status rests upon the effectiveness of its East Asian policy and development model of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Russia's positions in East Asia have improved substantially over the 2000s. However, its involvement in regional economic interaction is still insignificant and Russia cannot be regarded as a full-fledged regional player in this domain. Russian-Chinese strategic partnership has been the axis of Russia's East Asian foreign policy, though overdependence on China threatens Russia's independent policy in the region and encourages Russia to search for ways to diversify its ties. Russia's national interests reside in multivector policy, aimed at developing substantive relations not only with China but also with Japan, South Korea, ASEAN (Vietnam in the first place) and India along with Russia's involvement in the resolution of Korean nuclear crisis. The rise of China and the US counter-offensive have resulted in a changing strategic environment in East Asia. A need for balancing between the US and China has brought about ASEAN countries' desire to welcome Russia as a "balancer" or an "honest player" in the region. It corresponds with Russia's course on playing a greater role in regional cooperation and integration. Russia's improving ties in political, economic, energy and security dimensions have the potential to contribute to the stability of the emerging polycentric regional order in East Asia and development of Russia's regions of Siberia and the Far East.
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Prasetyo, Christianus Yudi. „SIAPKAH INDONESIA MENGHADAPI MEA?“ JURNAL ILMU EKONOMI & SOSIAL 8, Nr. 2 (30.10.2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/jies.v8i2.646.
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Countries that are members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) are facing an era where ASEAN turn into market and single production base, a highly competitive regional economic, equitable economic development, and a region fully integrated into global economy. That era is known as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which take effect on January 2016. This literature survey was conducted to determine the position of Indonesia compared to other ASEAN countries based on existing statistical data so as to determine the readiness of Indonesia to face the AEC. Comparison is made on 6 ASEAN countries with the highest economic growth, namely: Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Brunei. It is important to know because many people are still not aware this intense competition in the era of AEC. Based on World Economic Forum, Indonesia is in 4th position after Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand in terms of competitiveness.
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Shirazi, Sarina Zainab, Muhammad Usman Kemal und Sabina Shirazi. „Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics“. Global Social Sciences Review VI, Nr. II (30.06.2021): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-ii).35.
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Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states.
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ul Haque, Irfan. „The Catch-up Process in a Global Economy: An Analytical Approach“. LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1997.v2.i1.a2.
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The diverse growth experience of economies across the globe is perhaps the most intriguing question that the economics profession faces. The economies of East Asia have grown rapidly over the past three decades, while the economic performance of the South Asian and Latin American countries has been relatively mediocre, although better than that of the African countries, where the per capita incomes have been generally declining. Among the developed countries also, there has been considerable diversity of economic performance.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, und Chenyang Xu. „PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA“. Ciencia y Tecnología 7, Nr. 1 (04.12.2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.137.
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Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, und Chenyang Xu. „PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA“. Ciencia y Tecnología 7, Nr. 1 (04.12.2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.181.
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Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Troya Mera, Fidel Antonio, und Chenyang Xu. „PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA“. Ciencia y Tecnología 7, Nr. 1 (04.12.2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18779/cyt.v7i1.93.
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Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
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Christiawan, Rio, Haris Zuan, Sufian Jusoh und Ridha Aditya Nugraha. „Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN Airline Industry“. Hasanuddin Law Review 10, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i1.4903.
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The development of aviation market in Southeast Asia after the Covid-19 pandemic is promising. More aircraft are delivered to the Asia-Pacific region, including the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States. The introduction of ASEAN Open Skies (also known as ASEAN Single Aviation Market) a decade earlier together with ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 goals for an integrated and cohesive regional economy highlight the importance of a seamless air connectivity. Liberalisation of the airline industry in ASEAN Member States is crucial to restart the airline industry pre-pandemic and to grasp the so-called Asian century momentum. However, ASEAN Member States are reluctant towards liberalisation efforts, maintaining protectionism on both freedoms of the air (traffic rights) as well as foreign direct investment (ownership and control). Existing legal framework at regional level, namely ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) and ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement (ATISA), only received lukewarm attention from ASEAN Member States. This article discusses the urgency to recall the commitment of a gradual liberalisation based on AFAS and ATISA among the ASEAN Member States, the implementation of which will lead to the establishment of a regional community carrier which benefits ASEAN citizens.
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Fedorovskii, A. „Russia and East Asia Challenges“. World Economy and International Relations 60, Nr. 3 (2016): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-3-58-71.
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The article deals with the prospects for Russia’s “pivot to the East” taking into account main chances as well as risks in the context of growing challenges in East Asia. The author stresses that national and regional misbalances in East Asia are the results of the dynamic development of East Asian countries during the last 15 years. “Middle class trap” is at the agenda as the main common problem in China and ASEAN member countries. The analysis focuses also on such issues as broad scaled corruption and state-controlled legal system, quality of political, social institutions and social lifts, role of nationalism and culture. Regional misbalances in infrastructure and R&D as well as the crisis of regional institutions are characterized as new challenges to integration trends in East Asia and Asia-Pacific area in general. According to the author’s view, there are three different types of policies to meet the domestic challenges and to overcome “middle class trap”: Japanese, South Korean and Chinese. Prime Minister Ikeda’s “income-doubling plan” accompanied by public activity is described as an effective reform-oriented policy. South Korea’s transition from dictatorship to democratic society and more flexible economy is another type of positive reform policy. According to China’s modern domestic strategy, a lot of attention is paid to administrative measures against corruption, modification of social policy, reforms of banks, etc. At the same time, public activities and legal system, in spite of some improvements, are still under rigid administrative control. Meanwhile, the role of law will be crucial factor of successful development of East Asian countries at the stage of “middle class economy”. To a large scale, the prospects for regional integration depend on growing creative role of China (for example, investments into regional infrastructure and establishment of special bank, initiations of the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area). At the same time, China will continue cooperation and dialogue with other countries, first of all with the USA. ASEAN members increase their activity to improve sub-regional cooperation and relations with United States and Japan in order to couterbalance China’s influence in East Asia. Finally, the author describes Russia’s policy towards East Asia and the Pacific, including brief history, main trends and key priorities at the current stage. “Free Vladivostok port” and some other initiatives to realize more flexible economic strategy towards East Asia and Pacific will give opportunity for Russia to promote its integration into the Pacific Area. Transition of Russia’s export structure from resources and energy to innovation goods and services is at the agenda.
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Ishaq, Maryam, und Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman. „Surmounting the Individual: Establishing a Common Currency in Asia – A Case Study of East Asian Economies“. Global Economy Journal 13, Nr. 1 (April 2013): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2012-0018.
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In the Ministerial meeting of ASEAN held in 1998, the devastation caused by Asian financial crisis remained the point of contemplation. The participants enthusiastically discussed the need to establish common currency and exchange rate system in order to counter any financial crisis anticipated. The ever-growing financial crisis threatening every region in the world has compelled the economists to acknowledge the elevating need of financial cooperation in their respective territories. This is certainly meant to ensure economic stability at both economic and political level. The authors, in the course of this paper, have focused the need to materialize the ideal of promoting monetary integration in the major economies of South, South East, and North East Asia. Calculating Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Index, the authors in a way present costs and benefits associated with the adoption of this currency union. Demand and supply sides of each economy are tested as a pre requisite of OCA in order to provide a good rationale in favor of selection of regions. For this purpose, Structural VAR Analysis (SVAR) method was employed and innovation accounting is done through variance decomposition of forecast errors, impulse response function and correlation matrix. The theory of OCA has been tested by (i) calculating the OCA index estimated by simple OLS method and (ii) following Bayoumi and Eichengreen extrapolating the variability of exchange rate data. The common consensus drawn from the two approaches adopted implies that there is a good potential in the region excluding China to construct a currency union particularly amongst South and North East Asian economies. It is worth mentioning, however, that some of these will have to work harder to join and become an effective member of this currency merger.
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Fedorovskii, Aleksandr Nikolaevich. „Priorities of the Republic of Korea in Integration Projects“. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, Nr. 4 (28.11.2017): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-4-144-157.
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The article deals with the main purposes, opportunities and risks of the Republic of Korea’s involvement in integration projects. The author stresses the basic principles of South Korean foreign economic strategy, including common views of the different president administrations on key foreign economic priorities, including constant support of business expansion towards the most prominent markets. The analysis focuses also on new methods of support of national business interests: the transition from rigid defense of domestic market to adoption to growing competition at home as far as foreign partners agreed to open their markets to South Korean export. The paper describes role of bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTA) and regional mega-projects in South Korea’s foreign economic diplomacy. Comparison study of bilateral Free Trade Agreements between the Republic of Korea on the one side, European Union, the USA and China on the other sides. The author characterizes growing role of China and other East Asian countries for South Korean economy the ROK-China Free Trade Agreement, including some obstacles and limitations to upgrade development of bilateral economic exchanges. Special attention paid to positive and negative factors, influenced on economic integrations between China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The paper describes Seoul’s interests in economic integration projects in East Asia, including involvement in joint economic projects with ASEAN. The author analyses the Republic of Korea’s attitude to regional mega-projects in Asia-Pacific region such as Trans-Pacific Partnership. Finally the article describes modern stage and possible development of Russia-South Korea economic relations and contains forecast of the main trends of the Republic of Korea’s involvement in integration projects in East Asia and in Asia-Pacific region in general.
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Smith, David A. „Going South: Global Restructuring and Garment Production in Three East Asian Cases“. Asian Perspective 20, Nr. 2 (September 1996): 211–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.1996.a921149.
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Abstract: The textile and garment industries are extremely interesting cases of global economic restructuring. This paper illustrates the factors promoting the shift of apparel production— and other light industries—away from core and semiperipheral regions in the world-economy, illuminates some of the complexities and nuances of that process, and discusses the implications of this for the regional division of labor in East Asia. The story begins in South Korea, where apparel manufacturing, which grew rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s, faces an uncertain future in the 1990s, due to escalating wages and severe labor shortages. This forces Korean garment makers to seek “offshore” production sites. Southeast Asia, along with Central America and the Caribbean, became attractive targets for Korean apparel investment. In the 1980s, Indonesia, with its cheap and abundant labor and a state eager to welcome foreign investment, was a powerful magnet for garmerit capital from Korean and the other Asian NICs. Despite some recent wage pressure and labor unrest, this country—along with China—seems well-positioned to continue as a major global “sourcing” area. More recently, Vietnam, with a nominally Communist regime pushing a policy of “market liberalization” and gradually improving relations with its old enemy the United States, appears poised to become a big player in world apparel production. Garment manufacturers from South Korea and elsewhere have begun to set up factories in Vietnam to take advantage of the country’s large, industrious, and extremely cheap labor force. Dealing with a rapidly changing global apparel production and marketing system presents special challenges to the states, local capital, and workers throughout this region.
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CHOI, EUNJUNG, und JONGSEOK WOO. „The Origins of Political Trust in East Asian Democracies: Psychological, Cultural, and Institutional Arguments“. Japanese Journal of Political Science 17, Nr. 3 (12.08.2016): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109916000165.
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AbstractWhile the importance of social and political trust has been well documented, there is a lack of scholarly consensus over where trust originates. This article tests three theoretical arguments – social-psychological, social-cultural, and political institutional – on the origin of political trust against three East Asian democracies (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The empirical analysis from the AsiaBarometer survey illustrates that political institutional theory best explains the origin of political trust in East Asian cases. Citizens of these East Asian democracies have a high level of political trust when they believe that their governments perform well in management of the national economy and political representation of elected officials. Meanwhile, social-psychological and social-cultural theories explain the origins of social trust, but not political trust. The evidence reveals that socially trusting people are not automatically politically trusting; social trust and political trust originate from different sources and do not transform from one to the other.
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Pelkmans, Jacques. „Asean and EC-1992“. National Institute Economic Review 134 (November 1990): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013400109.
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ASEAN, the Association of South East Asian Nations, comprises the fastest growing countries of the world economy. Apart from including the only NIE (newly industrialising economy), not having encountered domestic political or social growth constraints—Singapore, with 11 per cent real growth in 1988, 9.2 per cent in 1989 and 10 per cent, first quarter 1990—it consists of recent record holder Thailand (with growth rates above 10 per cent for three years), Malaysia (growth in the 7 per cent—9 per cent range), Indonesia (recent growth 6–7 per cent), Philippines (oscillating growth due to internal instability) and Brunei (an oil-exporting sultanate). The ASEAN countries do not owe their growth to the integration of ASEAN countries into a free trade area, a customs union or a common market. Intra-group trade liberalisation and economic cooperation are still modest. These growth marvels owe their performance to exports, especially to the OECD countries. The quality and very high growth rates of exports were and still are fostered by foreign investment and imports of intermediate inputs from the target markets.
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Hira, Swati, und Anita Bai. „Estimating the difference of agriculture productivity in ASIAN regions“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 2.4 (10.03.2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.4.13025.
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Agriculture is the major sector in the economy of Asia. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance of agriculture in Asia continent. In this paper, we evaluate differences between and within regions of Asia (Eastern-Asia, South-Central Asia, South-East Asia, and Western Asia and Middle Asia) and their countries. We used five agriculture parameters (Agriculture Land, Cereal production, Machinery, Tractors, Cereal yield, Land under cereal production) which widely represent agriculture productivity of Asia. The means of all Asian regions and its countries are identically similar is considered as a hypothesis for agriculture parameters. We use One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) technique for analysis. Further, Asian regions and countries are estimated to test the differences of the means between and within regions and countries of each Asian region. The results show that each Asian region and their countries are having different agriculture productivity for agriculture parameters.
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Singha, Komol. „Bandh Syndrome and its Impact on Trade and Commerce in North-East India“. Journal of Global Economy 5, Nr. 2 (30.06.2009): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i2.87.
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The North-East India (NEI) consists of eight states and it is a ‘mixed bag’ of several ethnic groups. The region is known for its unexploited natural and human resources which are the basic factors of economic development. So, the energetic entrepreneurs are necessary if we want to harness it properly. With the emergence of Globalization and more recently with the inception of ‘Look East Policy’, trade and commerce has become an important tool in linking this region with the Asian and South East Asian countries. Look-East Policy is expected to provide an opportunity to overcome the problem of distance from big markets. It is apparent that NE India as a whole needs a big push or a kick starts to launch the economy on the development path through trade and commerce. But, it is greatly handicapped by law and order situation or bandh and blockade in the region. Economic development of a region is quite illusive agenda without developing trade and commerce in the region. Peaceful environment in the region is the pre-requisite condition for economic development. Keeping this in mind, the question that arises is who will be the active agents in bringing peace in the region?
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Tuah, Hamri, und Shazali Abu Mansor. „AN APPLICATION OF KALDOR’S GROWTH LAWS IN SOUTH EAST ASIA: A TIME SERIES CROSS SECTION ANALYSIS“. Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2004): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v2i2.2599.
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This study revisits Kaldor’s growth laws and provides some empirical views of the sources of South East Asian growth for the last 30 years. In particular, the results suggest that manufacturing output growth is prominent in influencing the total output growth as compared to other sectors in the process of growth and development in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Besides, it is found that the growth of the manufacturing sector will lead to the transference of labour from other sectors in the economy which raises productivity in these sectors. However, the agricultural and service sectors do not offer the same scope for the division of labour and specialisation within the sectors themselves. Various factors have been postulated as factors manufacturing output growth. It is suggested in this study that the governments of South East Asian should encourage the transfer of resources from agriculture to industry in order to move into higher stage of growth and development.
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Tantra, Ignatius Hubert. „Singapore, A Growing Economic Titan from South East Asia“. Jurnal Sentris 2, Nr. 2 (19.08.2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v2i2.4164.42-54.
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Singapore has one of the fastest economic development pace throughout South East Asia. Despite the fact that by land mass, it is not the biggest or the most fertile country. By demographic factor, it is not the most populated nor the most culturally diverse country. It also didn’t have the natural resources that its neighboring countries boasted as their main commodity. Yet, Singapore is a country with one of the most efficient implementation of living space, land usage, and education programme in the world. Because of its greatness, Singapore can be put in the same class with the others developed countries in the world. This is despite all the handicap that this country has, through the thick and thin of its history. The author believes that these successes can be atributted mostly to the efficient leadership of Singapore as a nation state in the international system, and that these successes can be adapted throughout Asia, and the world as a whole. This essay was made exactly to achieve this successful impact on ASEAN’s countries economics. In this writing, the author will examine what makes Singapore such a great economic titan, and how it can turn its unlikely position into a flourishing market economy and becoming a model for other developing countries to replicate, with institutional leadership. All of these, for the purpose of learning, and in the bid of rejuvenating economic vigor that most Asian countries and developing countries needed to keep up and even compete with more prominent countries in the international political system of the world.
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Silva, Roberta Rodrigues Marques da, und Rafael Shoenmann de Moura. „Redesign or demise of old Developmental States? East Asia in the post-financial crisis of 2008“. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 40, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 689–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3140.
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ABSTRACT This article investigates comparatively the recent developmental dynamics of four East Asian political economies: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China. We analyze how the critical juncture engendered by the systemic crisis of the US subprime impacted on its State capabilities, particularly regarding industrial policy, being mediated by the respective regulatory and institutional frameworks. Additionally, we compare the impacts of the 2008 crisis and the previous Asian regional crisis of 1997. Our findings indicate that State capabilities, associated to the historical construction of a Developmental State, were a central feature to understand the resilience of each political economy.
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Ikromov, Jovid. „Tajikistan’s Perspective on Eurasia“. India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, Nr. 1 (20.01.2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821470.
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In this article, the place of Central Asia, particularly of Tajikistan, in the Eurasian continent has been examined. The slow and confident transfer of engine of the world economy from the West to the East and South increasing the role of the countries located between them. Located between Europe, Russia and South Asia, five Central Asian countries are interested in the development and participation in broader transcontinental trade and transit corridors connecting in all directions. Tajikistan has a unique opportunity to become a hub of trade and transit as it is located at the crossroads of growing ties between South and Central Asia.
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Volodin, Andrei G. „India in the World of Regionalization“. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, Nr. 4 (28.11.2017): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-4-178-191.
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The article is dedicated to the policy of India in the processes of regionalization in Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union (a country, which used to be the main ally of India) there appeared a great need for India to make a deep revision of its geo-economic and geopolitical paradigms. Thus, Delhi started looking for the new strategic partners in order to restore the balance between India and extremely active China. The “Look East Policy” had become the first result of those searches, because of the long history of cultural and political influence of India on the South-East Asian countries. Apart from it, due to the active participation of India in the region, the member states of the ASEAN were aimed to set a balance in relationships with China in Asia-Pacific region. By developing the partnership with the members of ASEAN and participating in the processes of regional economic integration, India attempts to “push” the economic development of its northeastern states, situated separately from the main (“continental”) part of the country. Although there are some achievements, regarding the participation of India in the processes of regional integration, the country’s economy is still only partially integrated in the production “chains” in the ASEAN countries. Moreover, there are significant obstacles regarding the economic integration in the South Asia. They appear because of the fear, experienced by the countries of the region, regarding the Indian predominance in the region. Besides, strategically those countries consider contradictions between India and China as a situation from which they potentially may benefit. During the last decades, there has been a rising importance of the Western Asian region in strategic economic activities of India. From the Western Asia India gets energy carriers and due to the financial transfers made by the Indians, working in the Persian Gulf, it covers country`s balance of payment deficit.
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Rahman, Md Sayedur, und Akkas Ahamed. „A Critical Review on Sino-South Asian Economic Relations in the Context of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)“. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 7, Nr. 3 (27.07.2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v7i3.29964.
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South Asia which is the southern region of Asia bordering with China, Central Asia, and West Asia. South Asia comprises Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Geographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate and defined extensively by the Indian Ocean on the southern region, and the Himalayas' hills and the Karakoram mountains on the northern part. On the other hand, China is a country in East Asia, which is the world's most populous country, with a huge population size of around 1.4 billion, according to the survey of 2019. Both the regions have been maintaining friendly relations for several decades since the birth of South Asian countries and the Chinese revolution in 1949. Currently, China is a rapidly growing economy which has been turned into the biggest economy of the World, taking into account of its GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP). Thus, many scholars think that the Chinese economic involvement in the South Asian countries can create huge opportunities for both regions. The current trade imbalance between China and South Asia needs to be readdressed to ensure a win-win situation for both regions in the context of economic relations. At the end of this article, some policy recommendations have been provided to reduce the political tension between India and China and India and Pakistan. Finally we have recommended some policies to increase economic activities in the region and to speed up the sustainable development.
Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-3: 94-104
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Booth, Anne. „Four Colonies and a Kingdom: A Comparison of Fiscal, Trade and Exchange Rate Policies in South East Asia in the 1930s“. Modern Asian Studies 37, Nr. 2 (Mai 2003): 429–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03002075.
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In the latter part of the 1990s, several of the major economies in South East Asia underwent one of the worst economic crises in living memory. It is thus not surprising that economic historians with an interest in the region are re-examining the experience of the 1930s. One crucial difference between the crisis of the late 1990s and that of the early 1930s is that the latter was preceded, and in large measure caused, by problems in the world economy. When the industrial world fell into a severe economic depression in the early 1930s, most parts of Asia were affected, mainly through falling export receipts which in turn affected colonial budgets. A second difference was that most parts of South East Asia in the 1930s were still under colonial rule, and had little autonomy in framing or implementing economic policy. Only Thailand remained nominally independent, but even there the influence of foreign, especially British, economic advisers was considerable. Given the very different economic interests which the colonial powers (Dutch, French, American and British) had in their South East Asian colonies, and given the widely differing nature of the economic links between colony and metropole, it was to be expected that the impact of the 1930s slump, and the policy responses which it provoked, would vary. This indeed turned out to be the case.