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Venkatachari, Archana, Annie Bourbonnais, Ibrahim Salman, Ioannis Rekleitis, Alberto Quattrini Li, Kathryn Cottingham, Holly Ewing, Denise Bruesewitz, Emily Arsenault und Quin Shingai. „Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle to Collect High Spatial Resolution Water Quality Data at Lake Wateree, SC“. Journal of South Carolina Water Resources 9, Nr. 2 (01.03.2024): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.09.02.10.
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Freshwater resources including lakes and reservoirs are increasingly threatened by harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs). The scarcity of high spatial and temporal resolution data presents challenges for monitoring, predicting, and managing these blooms. Autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) equipped with water quality sensors represent a powerful tool to obtain high-resolution spatial data at Lake Wateree (LW), South Carolina (SC). LW is a hydroelectric reservoir commonly covered with extensive blooms of the benthic cyanobacteria Microseira (Lyngbya) wollei and Phormium sp., with the thickest mats in shallow coves. The main objective of this study was to determine the best speed and duration of loiter (i.e., pauses) required to collect accurate quantitative data on a mobile platform. We present a low-cost motorized kayak (USD) designed to run autonomously equipped with a YSI EXO2 sonde measuring depth, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and phycocyanin. The sonde was positioned horizontally on a rigid mount at 0.5 m below the surface to efficiently reduce the effect of turbulence. The data were compared to another YSI EXO2 sonde installed on the same ASV design, maintained stationary midway along the moving ASV’s path to assess the data accuracy obtained at different speeds and loiter periods. No statistically significant differences were observed for measurements collected on the stationary and moving ASVs for all water-quality sensors at a speed of up to 2.7 m/s (6 mph). Differences observed between the moving and stationary sondes for phycocyanin and turbidity sensors were within the reported factory accuracy at speeds up to 1.8 m/s (4 mph) and outside the expected factory accuracy at higher speed (2.7 m/s), showing the effects of motion and mixing on the collected data. Dissolved oxygen was outside of the reported factory accuracy for all tests. It is recommended to loiter periodically when moving at a faster speed to obtain more accurate data, as the differences between the sondes were alleviated during the loiter period. Overall, our ASV design has the potential to be employed to obtain robust spatial data at LW when deployed at optimal operating conditions.
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Sun, Youhong, Bing Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Yuansheng Li, Guopin Li, Haibin Yu, Hongzhi Li et al. „Brief communication: New sonde to unravel the mystery of polar subglacial lakes“. Cryosphere 17, Nr. 3 (06.03.2023): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1089-2023.
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Abstract. The newly developed RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) allows sampling and analysis of subglacial water while the subglacial lake remains isolated from the surface. The sonde was successfully tested in East Antarctica during the 2021–2022 field season: it reached the ice-sheet base at a depth of 200.3 m, sampled basal meltwater and measured its pressure, temperature, pH and conductivity and returned to the ice surface. The average downward penetration rate was 1.85 m h−1, and the average upward penetration rate was 2.94 m h−1. The successful test of a self-melting, recoverable probe in Antarctica marks further progress towards the clean exploration of subglacial water bodies.
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Zapata, A. J., Darío Cano und J. Rojo. „Correlación de medidas obtenidas a partir de sondas de succión y extracto de saturación del suelo regado con aguas salinas“. Ingeniería del agua 11, Nr. 3 (30.09.2004): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ia.2004.2541.
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En este trabajo se ha estudiado la correlación entre diferentes parámetros (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 =, HCO3 -, NO3 - (meq/l), CE (dS/m)) de la solución del suelo, obtenidos mediante sondas de succión y a partir del extracto de saturación del suelo. Se pretende determinar la influencia de la aplicación de aguas salinas en las medidas obtenidas a partir de sondas de succión. Se ha observado la influencia de la humedad del suelo, de la conductividad eléctrica y en algunos casos de la temperatura y pH de la solución del suelo en las correlaciones obtenidas por lo que se propone utilizar ecuaciones de regresión múltiple. Estas ecuaciones reflejan el equilibrio alcanzado entre la solución del suelo y el extracto de saturación, para las distintas concentraciones de sales aportadas en el agua de riego. No se ha observado, en ningún caso, la incorporación de constituyentes de la cerámica porosa, de la sonda de succión a la solución del suelo, a pesar de haberse utilizado diferentes concentraciones de aguas salinas en el agua de riego.
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Sinurat, Ellya, Rosmawaty Peranginangin und Endang Saepudin. „Purification and Characterization of Fucoidan from the Brown Seaweed Sargassum binderi Sonder“. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 10, Nr. 2 (23.02.2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v10i2.133.
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The brown seaweed Sargassumsp. is well known as a source of fucoidan. Brown seaweeds found in Indonesia seas are dominated by Sargassum sp.The objectives of this research was to purify and characterize fucoidan from S. binderi Sonder. The fresh raw material was defatted by macerated in methanol:chloroform:water (4:2:1), filtered, rinsed with acetone and then air-dried in room temperature. The defatted dried seaweed was extracted with 0.01M HCl pH 4 at room temperature. Purification has been conducted using anion exchanger. The quality of fucoidan sample was determined for total sugar, functional group using FTIR, monomer content, total ash, and total sulfate in the ester form. The result shows that pure fucoidan contains fucose as the primary sugar component, and otherminor sugars (galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose). Chemical composition of crude fucoidan consisted of 74.25% fucose; 0.28% uronate acid; 10.29% sulfate and 5.5% protein. Purification using DEAE Sephadex A-25 gave 4 fraction pools yielding total sugar (%) of F1 (17.59); F2 (18.92); F3 (13.72); F4 (49.76), respectively. The components that build the fucoidan of S. binderi Sonder were estimated derived to be from fucoidan oligomers including (1,4)-L-FucS-Gal and D-(1,4)-Gal-GalS.
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Abeska, Yesim Yilmaz, und Levent Cavas. „Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Invasive Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder“. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 21, Nr. 09 (31.05.2021): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_9_04.
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Caulerpa cylindracea is an invasive seaweed in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we propose an alternative method to utilise the biomass of C. cylindracea to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR and X-ray diffraction were used in characterization steps. The results show that optimum conditions such as time, initial concentration of AgNO3 and temperature were found to be 240 min, 0.1 M AgNO3 and 85˚C, respectively. The measured particle size of the synthesized AgNPs were 22 nm. Since AgNPs were encapped by the secondary metabolites of C. cylindracea, the synthesized AgNPs showed stable solubility in aqueous conditions. The experimental data related to synthesis of AgNPs were modelled by using artificial neural network (ANN). Agitation time and rate, temperature, pH, concentration of AgNO3 and extract were chosen as input and absorbance values were chosen as output. ANN modelling study exhibited that Bayesian regularization backpropagation, scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithms better modelled the experimental data compared to studied 11 backpropagation algorithms. In conclusion, biomass of invasive seaweeds can be used to synthesize AgNPs for commercial use and this will bring a new perspective to utilisation of the biomass of invasive seaweeds. A possible economical value may create a stress on the spread of these alien species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Anh, Truong Le Que, Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, Pham Dinh Thanh Nguyen, Hoang Van Thanh, Pham Bao Nguyen, Le Thi Hong Anh und Dong Thi Anh Dao. „Soybean Protein Extraction by Alcalase and Flavourzyme, Combining Thermal Pretreatment for Enteral Feeding Product“. Catalysts 10, Nr. 8 (23.07.2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080829.
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Soybean is one of the essential ingredients when formulating a tube feeding formula. In this study, we initially focused on determining which enzyme is suitable for hydrolyzing soy and comparing the soy protein enzymatic hydrolysis of three different enzymes at the same enzyme content: Flavourzyme, Protamex, and Alcalase. The result showed that Flavourzyme attained the highest soluble protein recovery efficiency (SPRE). Secondly, the study determined the effect of thermal treatment conditions such as thermal treatment duration, and then it showed that when combining the thermal treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, the yield reached (61.44 ± 0.22)%, which was much higher than only using enzymatic hydrolysis (52.57 ± 0.27)%. Next, optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis (combining thermal treatment) using Flavourzyme and Alcalase, Flavourzyme achieved (62.47 ± 0.12)%, while Alcalase attained (41.32 ± 0.13)%. The soy hydrolyzate using Flavourzyme achieved an average molecular size of 3.19 kDa at the following optimizing conditions: enzyme concentration, 16.09 U·g−1; pH, 7.02; temperature, 45.8 °C; and beans/water ratio, 1:3. In contrast, when using Alcalase, the soy hydrolyzate achieved an average molecular size of 1.52 kDa at the following optimizing conditions: enzyme concentration, 28.01 U·g−1; pH, 7.2; temperature, 56.5 °C; beans/water ratio, 1:4.6. Soy protein hydrolyzate of suitable viscosity and particle size flow through the inhaler with branched-chain amino acids achieved a BCAA (Branched Amino Acid) ratio of 2:1:1 for Alcalase and 4:1:1 for Flavourzyme. Soybean hydrolyzate using both enzymes attained a high SPRE and was suitable for the digestive ability of patients recovering from surgery. Soy protein is divided into amino acids, di- and tri-amino acids, and peptides to create a soluble protein source that helps feed patients with a sonde tube easily. In addition, the molecular weight of peptides will reduce viscosity significantly when passing through a sonde tube, preventing tube congestion.
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Dong, Zhi Yong, Yong Gu, Shuo Shuo Wang, Ying Biao Shi, Ruo Hua Li und Li Hu Xiong. „Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality in Fuchunjiang and Hangzhou Reaches of Qiantangjiang Estuarine Zone“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.711.
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This paper presents monitoring investigation of water quality parameters in Fuchunjiang and Hangzhou reaches of Qiantang estuarine zone by YSI 6600 V2-4-M multi-parameter water quality sonde. The 7 monitoring cross-sections were streamwise placed, and the 2 vertical lines respectively located in flood plain and main channel at each cross-section. Surface, intermediate and bed layers were chosen at each vertical line in main channel, and surface and bed layers at each vertical line in flood plain. At each vertical line, the main water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, pH value, electrical conductivity and oxidation reduction potential were monitored, variation of these parameters along longitudinal and vertical directions analyzed, and water quality conditions at each monitoring cross-section assessed.
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Putra, Armyn Dwi, Syamsu Rijal, Eny Arlini Wello, Lisa Yuniarti und Zulfitriani Murfat. „Pengaruh Ekstrak Kunyit Terhadap Kadar pH Lambung Tikus yang di Induksi Etanol Absolut“. Fakumi Medical Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Kedokteran 2, Nr. 10 (01.11.2022): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/fmj.v2i10.131.
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Faktor asam lambung sangat berperan pada penyakit gastritis. Dengan demikian konsumsi minuman yang beralkohol mampu memicu tingginya sekresi asam lambung sehingga menjadi penyebab penting terjadinya gastritis. Gastritis adalah keadaan dimana mukosa dan submukosa lambung mengalami inflamasi. Menurut WHO, kejadian gastritis paling tinggi ditemukan di Amerika dengan presentasi mencapai 47%, diikuti oleh India(43%) dan Indonesia (40,85%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengamatan yang dilakukan oleh Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, angka kejadian gastritis di beberapa kota di Indonesia mencapai 91,6%. Kunyit (Curcuma longaval.) adalah tanaman tropis yang banyak terdapat di benua Asia. Dalam bentuk serbuk yang dikenal sebagai “turmeric” juga banyak digunakan untuk bahan obat. Kandungan kurkimin pada kunyit mempunyai efek gastroprotektor dan mampu menghambat dan melindungi sel mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh ekstrak kunyit terhadap kadar pH lambung tikus yang induksi etanol absolut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian experimental dengan metode pendekatan post test only control group design. Tikus jantan dibagi dalam 3 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberikan paka standar, kelompok 2 diinduksikan etanol absolut, kelompok 3 diinduksikan etanol absolute dan ekstrak kunyit. Pemberian etanol absolute secara induksi sonde lambung mampu meningkatkan kadar pH lambung dengan rerata 7,16 dan pemberian ekstrak kunyit yang diberikan secara induksi lambung dapat meningkatkan kadar pH lambung tikus ke nilai netral dengan rerata 4,09 yang sebelumnya diinduksi etanol absolut. Ekstrak kunyit mampu mempengaruhi kadar pH lambung tikus yang diinduksi etanol absolut. Ekstrak kunyit 200 mg/200grBB yang dianjurkan.
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Viollier, E., G. Mignard, G. Sarazin, A. Choouier, G. Roziere und P. Trameson. „Une sonde photométrique pour l'analyse in situ : Principe, méthode, premiers essais“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 6, Nr. 4 (12.04.2005): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705182ar.
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Certains composés dissous ne sont pas stables une fois prélevés hors de leur milieu. Pour éviter que l'information ne se perde entre le prélèvement et l'analyse, il est nécessaire d'effectuer cette dernière in situ. La solution que nous présentons, consiste à développer une réaction colorimétrique en profondeur; la cellule photométrique est immergée et reliée à un spectrophotomètre en surface, par 2 fibres optiques (fig. 1a, b, c). Cependant, lors d'un essai préliminaire, nous avons observé que, dans le circuit de mélange de la sonde, les proportions entre réactif et échantillon ne sont pas constantes. Ces variations de débits sont corrigées par des mesures à deux longueurs d'onde (λ1 et λ2)* et par l'adjonction d'un colorant auxiliaire ne perturbant pas la réaction calorimétrique. L'étalonnage se fait directement sur la cellule photométrique : dans un diagramme Absorbance à λ1 = f (Absorbance à λ2) (fig. 2), on place une droite d'étalonnage et des points particuliers. Les règles de mélange sont vérifiées indépendamment de toute réaction chimique avec différentes solutions d'hélianthine dans un tampon à pH 7 et du rouge de chlorophénol à la place du réactif (fig. 4 et 5). En outre nous utilisons le rouge de chlorophénol, jaune sous forme acide, comme colorant auxiliaire pour le dosage du fer total dans un premier essai in situ (lac d'Aydat, Puy de Dôme, France). Les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus par prélèvements et analyses au laboratoire (fig. 6). L'accord est satisfaisant. L'incorporation au système présenté, d'une pompe osmotique devrait permettre, avec cet appareillage simple, des mesures pendant plusieurs mois sans intervention.
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Sulatri, Ni Luh, Ida Bagus Agung Yogeswara und Ni Wayan Nursini. „Efektifitas sinar ultraviolet terhadap cemaran bakteri patogen pada makanan cair sonde untuk pasien immune-compremissed“. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 5, Nr. 2 (30.06.2017): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.5.2.112-118.
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Background : Food safety remained as critical concern to immune-compremissed patient. Food safety assurance can be achieved through inhibition of pathogenic bacteria by physical treatment such as UV light radiation. However, a study regarding the effect of UV light on growth of pathogenic bacteria in contaminated liquid food are scarce.Objective : To determine the effectiveness of UV light on contamination of pathogenic bacteria in liquid food for immune-compremissed patient.Methods : Randomized design with two factor which were holding time for 60 and 120 minutes and radiation exposure (0, 5, 10 and 15 minutes). The data was analyzed using ANOVA Result : The viscosity and pH of liquid foods were 20 centipoise and 7,15 respectively. Radiation of UV light on contaminated food that have been incubated for 60 and 120 minutes at 37oC showed significant increase (1-2 log cycle) on growth of pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion : Radiation of UV light on contaminated liquid food were not effective to inhibit or kill pathogenic bacteria during holding time (60 and 120 minutes).
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Le Dinh Hung und Vo Thi Dieu Trang. „N-acetylneuraminic acid specific lectin and antibacterial activity from the red alga Gracilaria canaliculata Sonder“. Algologia 31, Nr. 2 (Juni 2021): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg31.02.126.
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A new lectin from the marine red alga Gracilaria canaliculata (GCL) was isolated by a combination of aqueous ethanol extraction, ethanol precipitation, ion exchange and filtration chromatography. Lectin gave a single band with molecular mass of 22,000 Da in both non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, indicating that GCL is a monomeric protein. The hemagglutination activities of GCL were stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10, temperature up 60 oC and not affected by either the presence of EDTA or addition of divalent cations. Lectin GCL had high affinity for N-acetylneuraminic acid through interacting with the acetamido group at equatorial C2 position of these sugar residues, suggesting that GCL is specific for N-acetylneuraminic acid. Furthermore, GCL inhibited the growth of human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio alginolyticus, although it did not affect the growth of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloace, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi. The red alga G. canaliculata may promise to be a source of valuable lectins for application as antibacterial agents.
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Gutiérrez, Nathalia, und Francisco Restrepo. „EVALUACIÓN DE CORRECTIVOS DE ACIDEZ EN UN ANDISOL CULTIVADO CON AGUACATE “HASS”.“ Suelos Ecuatoriales 49, Nr. 1 y 2 (28.12.2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47864/se(49)2019p38-44_103.
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La acidez del suelo es uno de los grandes limitantes para la producción de cultivos ya sea por deficiencias nutricionales o toxicidades en las plantas, comúnmente por aluminio en suelos tropicales. El objetivo de esta prueba de campo fue evaluar la efectividad de tres enmiendas formuladas a partir de diferentes fuentes en la corrección de acidez y su incidencia sobre el contenido de Calcio (Ca), Magnesio (Mg) y Aluminio (Al) intercambiable de un Andisol ubicado en Guática (Risaralda – Colombia). La composición y dosis de cada tratamiento fue: 1) M1 (30% CaO, 13% MgO, 3% P2O5, 3% S y 12% SiO2), 3 kg/árbol; 2) M2 (55% CaO y 45% MgO), 1 kg/árbol y 3) M3 (3.12% K2O, 27.5% CaO, 11.74% MgO y 4.7% S), 0.3 Kg/árbol respectivamente. Periódicamente se tomaron muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 0 a 20 cm para el análisis de pH, Ca+2, Mg+2 y Al+3 intercambiables. Adicional, se instalaron 3 sondas a profundidades de 20,40 y 60 cm para M1 y M2 y se tomó el pH directamente de la solución del suelo. El correctivo M1 compuesto con silicio y sulfatos resultó significativamente más eficaz en comparación con las otras mezclas al aumentar el pH de manera inmediata y permanente en el suelo y en la solución a las diferentes profundidades evaluadas, además de neutralizar y disminuir el aluminio intercambiable hasta 15 veces, respecto a la condición inicial. En la medida que el pH aumentó y disminuyó el aluminio, los contenidos de Ca+2 y Mg+2 intercambiable aumentaron progresivamente sin diferencia significativa entre tratamientos.
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Saber.A. Shelmani, Khaled, Mushrifah I. I, Aisha El-G. Abdulla, Afaf R. Taher, Y. A. Tayeb und Ahmad Younis Tayeb. „A Study of some Water Quality Parameters and Metal Concentrations in Engineering and Built Environment Lake Faculty - UKM, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia during 2019“. مجلة العلوم والدراسات الإنسانية - كلية الآداب والعلوم – المرج, Nr. 64 (27.05.2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37376/jsh.vi64.5278.
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A study of water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water hardness) in Engineering and Built Environment Lake Faculty - UKM, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia was conducted in January, April, July, and October 2019. Six metals i.e. cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc, and copper were determined in the most compartment of the lake namely water. The water samples were collected randomly from different sampling points around the lake. The water quality parameters were tested and recorded at each sampling station using Hydrolab Data Sonde 4® and Surveyor ® 4 a water quality multi probe (USA). The metals concentration were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP –MS), Perkin Elmer Elan, Model 9000. The water quality parameters were compared with National Water Quality Standard (NWQS Malaysia) while metal concentrations were compared with Malaysian and international standards. Study showed that the averages of water temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, pH and hardness values during the months of the study were (29.02°,134.37µS/cm,920 mg/L,5.92 mg/L,8.29 and 37.35CaCO3 mg/L) respectively. The mean metal concentrations in water (in micrograms per liter) based on monthly sampling (in descending order) for Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were (10.02), (5.36), (2.89), (2.55), (0.73) and (0.080) respectively,
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Fanghänel, E., und W. Ortmann. „1,2,3-Triazabutadiene XXI [1]. Zur Bestimmung des Oberflächenpotentials und des relativen pH-Wertes in der Sternregion anionischer Mizellen unter Verwendung von 1-(4′-Chlorphenyl)-3-(3-methylbenzthiazolinyliden-(2))-triazen als Sonde“. Journal für Praktische Chemie 331, Nr. 5 (1989): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19893310503.
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Cunha, Ricardo Almeida, Allison Gonçalves Silva, Leonardo Dias Nascimento, Luciano De Souza Lima und Marcus Luciano Ferreira de Souza Bandeira. „POLYPUS: SONDA DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA ANÁLISE DE PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS“. Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 9, Nr. 4 (29.12.2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v9e42020653-671.
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A baixa disponibilidade no mercado de sondas multiparâmetros de baixo custo que permitam a coleta de dados e acesso aos seus resultados em tempo real remotamente levou ao desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa. Este trabalho apresentou uma contribuição na criação e implementação de um sistema integrado (hardware e software), batizado de Polypus, que se baseia na análise de águas superficiais através do uso de sensores de temperatura, pH, salinidade, eletro condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido e sólidos totais dissolvidos em plataforma microcontroladora, visando sua aplicação em um sistema hídrico para avaliação dos resultados em suas variações temporais e espaciais. Para atender a proposta primeiramente foi criado um protótipo de um sistema integrado dotado de sensores fabricados pela empresa Dfrobot em plataforma Arduíno Mega. E por fim desenvolvido um programa para controle do sistema integrado bem como armazenamento/transmissão dos dados coletados. A pesquisa foi realizada em laboratório e as amostras das águas avaliadas provenientes da foz do rio Buranhém, do rio Mundaí e da Empresa Baiana de Águas e Saneamento (EMBASA). O Protótipo conta ainda em sua estrutura com módulo de transmissão de dados GSM SIM800L, módulo de armazenamento micro-SD, alimentação de duas baterias externas, um módulo sensor shield e visor LCD. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do protótipo Polypus e da sonda multiparâmetros Hanna HI 9828. Os resultados foram confrontados e por meio de comparação simples pôde-se verificar um comportamento análogo dos dispositivos, demonstrando que não houve diferenças significativas nos resultados. O custo obtido do protótipo foi de aproximadamente R$ 1.500,00 versus o custo de uma sonda multiparâmetros que é de aproximadamente R$ 10.500,00. Os resultados apresentados até o momento mostraram a confiabilidade no uso do protótipo desenvolvido a baixo custo nos projetos de análise ambiental.
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Virtasalo, Joonas J., Peter Österholm und Eero Asmala. „Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils“. Biogeosciences 20, Nr. 14 (20.07.2023): 2883–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023.
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Abstract. Flocculation of riverine dissolved organic matter to the particulate form in estuaries is an important mechanism for capturing dissolved metals to newly formed organic particles, regulating the metal transport from land to sea. The process is particularly relevant for rivers draining boreal acid sulfate soils of western Finland, which are known to deliver large amounts of trace metals with detrimental environmental consequences for the recipient estuaries in the eastern Gulf of Bothnia in the northern Baltic Sea. This is the first study to investigate dissolved metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu) association with flocculating organic particles in the laboratory, by mixing of acidic metal-rich water from acid-sulfate-soil-impacted rivers and particle-free artificial seawater. Water samples were collected in April 2021 from the Laihianjoki and Sulvanjoki rivers in western Finland. Experiments with an in situ laser-diffraction-based particle size distribution sensor and a multiparameter water quality sonde were run to continuously monitor the development of a suspended particle pool over the salinity gradient from 0 to 6, corresponding to the salinity range observed in these estuarine systems. Flocculator experiments with discrete salinity treatments were carried out to investigate metal behaviour with the collection of flocculated material on glass fibre filters. Filtrate was analysed for coloured dissolved-organic-matter absorbance and fluorescence for the characterization of potential changes in the organic matter pool during the flocculation process. Retentate on the filter was subjected to persulfate digestion of organic particles and metal oxyhydroxides (pH < 2.3), and the digestion supernatants were analysed for metal concentrations. The laboratory experiments showed strong transfer of Al and Fe already at a salinity of 0–2 to newly formed organically dominated flocs that were generally larger than 80 µm. Very strong coupling between the decrease in humic fluorescence and the increase in organically bound Al demonstrated that Al transfer to the flocs was stronger than that of Fe. The flocs in the suspended particle pool were complemented by a smaller population of Al- and Fe-oxyhydroxide-dominated flocculi (median size of 11 µm) after pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Cobalt and Mn transfer to the particle pool was weak, although some transfer to Mn oxyhydroxides as well as Co association with the flocs took place. Up to 50 % of Cu was found to be bound to humic substances in the flocs in the river waters, and this proportion did not significantly change during mixing with seawater. The findings of this study demonstrate that salinity and pH are important independent but connected controls of the flocculation behaviour of dissolved metals from boreal acid sulfate soils and the seaward transport and environmental consequences of the metals in the marine environment.
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Kellogg, Christina A., Ryan P. Moyer, Mary Jacobsen und Kimberly Yates. „Identifying mangrove-coral habitats in the Florida Keys“. PeerJ 8 (24.08.2020): e9776. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9776.
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Coral reefs are degrading due to many synergistic stressors. Recently there have been a number of global reports of corals occupying mangrove habitats that provide a supportive environment or refugium for corals, sheltering them by reducing stressors such as oxidative light stress and low pH. This study used satellite imagery and manual ground-truthing surveys to search for mangrove-coral habitats in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and then collected basic environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pHNBS, turbidity) at identified sites using a multi-parameter water quality sonde. Two kinds of mangrove-coral habitats were found in both the Upper and Lower Florida Keys: (1) prop-root corals, where coral colonies were growing directly on (and around) mangrove prop roots, and (2) channel corals, where coral colonies were growing in mangrove channels under the shade of the mangrove canopy, at deeper depths and not in as close proximity to the mangroves. Coral species found growing on and directly adjacent to prop roots included Porites porites (multiple morphs, including P. divaricata and P. furcata), Siderastrea radians, and Favia fragum. Channel coral habitats predominantly hosted S. radians and a few S. siderea, although single colonies of Solenastrea bournoni and Stephanocoenia intersepta were observed. Although clear, low-turbidity water was a consistent feature of these mangrove-coral habitats, the specific combination of environmental factors that determine which mangrove habitats are favorable for coral recruitment remains to be defined. Circumstantial evidence suggests additional coral communities existed on mangrove shorelines of oceanside and backcountry islands until destroyed, likely by Hurricane Irma. These mangrove-coral habitats may be climate refugia for corals and could be included in ecosystem management plans and considered for their applications in coral restoration.
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Fragoso-Moura, E. N., T. F. Luiz, R. Z. Coeti und A. C. Peret. „Trophic ecology of Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, 1911 (Characiformes, Characidae) in a conserved tropical stream“. Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, Nr. 2 (29.08.2016): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.16415.
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Abstract The trophic ecology of ichthyofauna in a stream can be related to the presence or absence of riparian and aquatic vegetation, and mainly resource availability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the seasonal and ontogenetic variations for the trophic ecology of Hemigrammus marginatus in the Beija-Flor stream located at the Jataí Ecological Station in the municipality of Luiz Antônio-SP, Brazil. In order to attain this objective, the data collections were carried out on a monthly basis from August, 2011 to July, 2012. Fish were collected using a trawl net and bait traps from three collection stations distributed along the Beija-Flor stream. The quality of the water was evaluated by the chemical variables: ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and physical temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and conductivity, obtained by using a Yellow Springs sonde. The collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin in the field and were subjected to biometric measurements in the laboratory. The stomachs were weighed and transferred to 70% alcohol and the stomach contents were analysed using a stereomicroscope at the lowest possible taxonomic level. The species was considered insectivorous and the autochthonous food items were the most important during the dry season, mainly from the orders Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, while allochthonous items from the order Hymenoptera were more important in the wet season. The young individuals’ diet was based on the consumption of zooplankton, and insofar as the fish develops, there was a decrease in this item in the diet showing that the species has ontogenetic shifts in its diet. The conservation state of the Beija-Flor stream, as well as the flexibility of using food and food resources provided by aquatic macrophytes and riparian vegetation are key factors for the high abundance of the H. marginatus species.
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Martín, Elizabeth, Edward Pérez, Solains Cañón, Jorge Rodríguez und Fernando Rodríguez. „Sonda oro-ruminal experimental como alternativa para la obtención de microorganismos anaeróbicos del rumen“. Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 6, Nr. 1 (02.06.2005): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol6_num1_art:34.
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<p>Estudios sobre el ecosistema microbiano ruminal, han requerido tradicionalmente el uso de la canulación de los animales. El alto costo de la cirugía y su mantenimiento ha limitado a muchos laboratorios a tener fácil acceso a las muestras del rumen y a explorar su diversidad microbiana. Métodos como el uso de sondas de oro- ruminales se han utilizado tradicionalmente para transformación de animales sanos y otros que tienen enfermedades metanbólicas; que también han sido utilizadas en para el diagnóstico de enfermedades severas: síndrome de abomaso reflejo, acidosis láctica aguda, la acidosis crónica latente, putrefacción y la inactividad microbiana. La primera sonda oro- ruminal fue utilizada por Pounden en 1954, que consistió en un simple tubo que desciende desde la boca o la nariz hasta el rumen. Una jeringa grande se incluyó más tarde para succión de líquido ruminal. A veces se han utilizado accesorios de metal perforados para aspiración. Otra técnica ha permitido a las pequeños cantidades de fluido ruminal ser obtenidos por aspiración caudo ventral del rumen usando una jeringa sencilla. Aunque la rumenocentesis (como se conoce a este proceso) conduce al riesgo de producir una peritonitis localizada en un animal, que es actualmente uno de los métodos más utilizados en grandes granjas lecheras de producción para el seguimiento de los cambios abruptos y frecuentes en el pH ruminal que por lo general se asocian con lacto-acidosis. Este estudio se propone la utilización de una sonda oro-rumial para la obtención de muestras de contenido ruminal de animales no canulados y su uso en el aislamiento de microorganismos anaerobios habituales. Evaluando e implementando la metodología de la sonda oro-ruminal surgió la necesidad creciente de más estudios orientados hacia la obtención de conocimiento de los microorganismos de las vías gastrointestinales y aumentar el banco de germoplasma recolectado por CORPOICA de bacterias ruminales y hongos de las razas criollas colombianas.</p><p> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Ruminal anaerobic microorganism recovery using an experimental oro-ruminal probe</strong></p><p class="Default">Ruminal microbial ecosystem studies have traditionally required the use of canulado animals. The high cost of animal surgery and their maintenance has limited many laboratories having easy access to rumen samples and exploring their microbial diversity. Methods like using oro-ruminal probes have been traditionally used for transfaunactions from healthy animals to others having digestive disorders and metabolic diseases; they have also been used in diagnosing several diseases: abomasum reflex syndrome, acute lactic acidosis, chronic-latent acidosis, putrefaction and microbial inactivity. The earliest oro-ruminal probe was used by Pounden in 1954, consisting of a simple tube descending from the mouth or nose to the rumen. A large syringe was included later on for suc-king up the flow of ruminal liquid. Perforated metal suction accessories have sometimes been used. Another technique has allowed small quantities of ruminal fluid to be obtained by caudo-ventral aspiration of the rumen using a simple syringe. Even though rumenocentesis (as this process is known) leads to the risk of producing loca-lized peritonitis in an animal, it is currently one of the most used methods on large-scale production dairy farms for monitoring abrupt and frequent changes in ruminal pH which are usually associated with lactoacidosis. This study proposes using an oro-ruminal probe for obtaining samples of ruminal content from non-canulado animals and its use in isolating customary anaerobic microorganisms. Evaluating and implementing the oro-ruminal probe methodology became necessary due to the growing need for further studies orientated towards gaining know-ledge of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract and increasing CORPOICA’s germoplasm bank collection of ruminal bacteria and fungi from Colombian creole breeds.</p>
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Turmusani, Majid. „L’évaluation du programme «réadaptation à base communautaire» au Rwanda“. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 6, Nr. 2 (28.06.2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v6i2.356.
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Cet article est basé sur une recherche évaluative du projet « réadaptation à base communautaire, RBC », réalisée au Rwanda en 2012 et en 2013. Il concerne un partenariat entre le ministère de la Santé (Minisanté) et Handicap International (HI), où le Minisanté a demandé l’assistance technique de HI dans la mise en œuvre d’un projet pilote de RBC impliquant l’élaboration de politiques, le renforcement des capacités des professionnels de la santé et la prestation de services au niveau communautaire. Le projet est cofinancé par l’Union européenne et Handicap International pour une durée de 4 ans. Une approche émancipatrice de la recherche avec un accent sur le rôle de la société civile (personnes handicapées et leurs organisations) comme protagoniste a été employée au cours de cette évaluation. Des données, majoritairement qualitatives, ont été recueillies à l’aide de plusieurs outils, comme des SSI (semi-structure interviews) avec les planificateurs et des fournisseurs de services, des groupes de discussion avec les usagers du service, des sondages, des études du cas et de l’observation. Les méthodes d’analyse synthétique ont été employées, comme l’analyse FFOM (force, faiblesse, opportunités et menaces), la validation communautaire et l’interprétation synthétique, incluant aussi des statistiques de base comme des tableaux et des pourcentages.Étant donné le succès du projet pilote, des recommandations ont favorisé la mise en œuvre de la RBC à grande échelle dans le pays, avec un accent particulier mis sur le renforcement de la capacité institutionnelle des acteurs locaux en matière de plaidoyer. Cela correspond bien à une meilleure protection des droits des PH selon la convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées (CDPH).This account is based on an evaluation research to the Community Based Rehabilitation programme in Rwanda which is carried out in 2012-2013. It’s a partnership between Ministry of Health (Minisanté) and Handicap International (HI) where Minisanté requested the technical assistance of HI in implementing a pilot CBR project involving policy development, capacity building of health professionals and the provision of rehabilitation services at community level. The project is financed by the European Union and Handicap International for 4 years. An emancipatory research approach was used in this evaluation where persons with disabilities and their civil society organisations have actively participated in research process. Several tools were used for data collections such as semi-structure interviews with planners and service providers, questionnaires, case study, observations and focus group discussion with service users. Equally, qualitative methods for analysis were used including SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) as well as community validation of research outcomes. Results showed that the objectives of project were adequately fulfilled according to criteria of pertinence, effectiveness, impact, sustainability and gender participation. Given the success of the pilot stage, recommendations were in favor of expanding CBR at the national level with focus on capacity building of local actors on advocacy issues. This may provide higher levels of rights protection and goes in line with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).
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Maldonado, Mario Gabriel, Sergio Fabian Cano und María M. Sampietro Vattuone. „Cronología y procesos de formación en niveles de ocupación prehispánicos de selvas occidentales meridionales (Horco Molle, Tucumán)“. Revista del Museo de Antropología 10, Nr. 2 (22.12.2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v10.n2.15690.
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<p><em>Se analizaron procesos de formaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n y cronolog</em><em>í</em><em>a de niveles de ocupaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n de Horco Molle (Tucum</em><em>á</em><em>n), localidad emplazada en la parte S de las Selvas Occidentales del Noroeste Argentino. Para ello se efectuaron sondeos y excavaciones, descripciones estratigr</em><em>á</em><em>ficas, determinaciones de pH, registro de trazas de alteraci</em><em>ó</em><em>n en conjuntos cer</em><em>á</em><em>micos, clasificaciones tipol</em><em>ó</em><em>gicas y un fechado radiocarb</em><em>ó</em><em>nico. Los niveles de ocupaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n, ubicados en el sector distal de un abanico aluvial, se apoyan sobre un paleosuelo, cubiertos por dep</em><em>ó</em><em>sitos aluviales sobre los que se form</em><em>ó</em><em> el suelo actual o por grava. La acidez variable de los suelos </em><em>(entre </em><em>5,38 y 6,47</em><em>) </em><em>explican en parte la casi ausencia de materiales arqueol</em><em>ó</em><em>gicos org</em><em>á</em><em>nicos. El desplome de una estructura arquitect</em><em>ó</em><em>nica </em><em>de</em><em> </em><em>barro sobre una superficie de ocupaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n preserv</em><em>ó</em><em> un contexto con desechos de facto. El pisoteo intervino en la fractura de tiestos de los contextos analizados. La variedad de tipos cer</em><em>á</em><em>micos presentes en las ocupaciones se corresponde con la que caracteriza a las fases Chuscha (200-400 DC) y Choromoro (400-700 DC), estimaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n cronol</em><em>ó</em><em>gica que coincide con un fechado de 1639 </em><em>±</em><em> 57 AP. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la adecuaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n de la perspectiva geoarqueol</em><em>ó</em><em>gica para el hallazgo e investigaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n de niveles de ocupaci</em><em>ó</em><em>n prehisp</em><em>á</em><em>nicos en </em><em>á</em><em>mbitos selv</em><em>á</em><em>ticos.</em></p>
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„pH-Sonde für offene Becken“. Tenside Surfactants Detergents 24, Nr. 6 (01.12.1987): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1987-240616.
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Hügle, U., S. Aymaz und A. Dormann. „Endoskopische Applikation der Bravo® pH-Metrie-Sonde“. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 47, Nr. 09 (September 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1241275.
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Sinurat, Ellya, und Rinta Kusumawati. „Optimasi Metode Ekstraksi Fukoidan dari Rumput Laut Cokelat Sargassum binderi Sonder“. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 12, Nr. 2 (28.12.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v12i2.388.
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Fukoidan merupakan polisakarida sulfat yang berasal dari rumput laut cokelat. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi mutu fukoidan adalah metode ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi ekstraksi fukoidan kasar dari rumput laut Sargassum binder Sonder untuk mendapatkan rendemen dan mutu paling tinggi. Optimasi tersebut dilakukan dengan empat metode ekstraksi yaitu: HCl 0,1 N pH 4 pada suhu kamar selama 6 jam, HCl 0,1 N pH 4 pada suhu 85 °C selama 4 jam, akuades pada suhu 85 °C selama 4 jam dan larutan CaCl2 2% pada suhu 85 °C selama 4 jam. Untuk masing-masing metode dilakukan 3 kali ulangan dengan bahan baku yang sama dan pada waktu berbeda. Parameter mutu fukoidan yang dianalisis meliputi: rendemen, total gula, asam uronat, kadar sulfat dan gugus fungsi polisakarida sulfat dengan FT-IR. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode ekstraksi HCl 0,1 N pH 4 pada suhu 85 oC selama 4 jam sebesar 6,0% dan terendah dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan larutan CaCl2 2% sebesar 2,57%. Kandungan sulfat tertinggi diperoleh dengan metode larutan CaCl2 2% selama 4 jam sebesar 8,69%. Metode ekstraksi kasar fukoidan dari S. binderi Sonder yang paling optimum menggunakan pelarut air pada suhu 85 °C selama 4 jam dengan rendemen dan kandungan sulfat yaitu 3,36% dan 8,10%.
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Baroke, E., U. Oltmanns, FJF Herth und M. Kreuter. „Evaluation eines laryngopharyngealen Refluxes bei Patienten mit interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen mittels pharyngealer pH-Sonde“. Pneumologie 70, S 01 (09.02.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1572006.
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Arifin, Syamsul, und Andun Sudijandoko. „Good beverage in relax activity for lowering blood sugar level (Cane Juice After Exposure by floated virgin coconut oils and dipped piezoelectric transducer)“. International journal of health sciences, 06.10.2022, 47448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns7.13256.
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The detecting blood glucose level with a peripheral flow sample (PBGL) is fast technique, easy and cheap, that can be detecting after Athlete aerobic activity, relax, after drinking 10 mL ordinary cane juice (OC), and after drinking 10 mL cane juice exposure ultrasonic (CC) by transducer of floated Virgin Coconut Oils and combine dipped Piezoelectric (Tr. FVCOP), where the CC was a new technic made beverage in test tube. This research can be compared with previous research using animal such as Mice, which was developed from the Mice aerobic activity that were force after drank (as sonde) 0,25 mL CC (Syamsul Arifin, et al, 2019), where the CC was the results of previous research of OC radiation by dipped transducer 12 Knobs (Tr. R12K) for 3 hours get a pH value of CC = 8.5 (Sriundy Made, et al, 2017) and according to the results of previous studies, activities like this,. The result of the aerobic activities Mice and sonde of CC was more active than the other groups. However, research the Mice in relax who sonde 0.25 mL CC (Syamsul Arifin, et al, 2019) had different and result from Badminton athletes who drank OC (Hermawati, 2018).
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Sempértegui-Cárdenas, P. X., E. M. Toro-Monjaraz, F. E. Zárate-Mondragón, K. Ignorosa-Arellano, J. F. Cadena-León, R. Cervantes-Bustamante, E. Montijo-Barrios und J. A. Ramírez-Mayans. „Propuesta de una nueva fórmula para la colocación de sondas de pH-impedancia en pacientes pediátricos“. Revista de Gastroenterología de México, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgmx.2023.08.006.
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Laureano, Josilena de Jesus, Alan Gomes Mendonça, Daíse da Silva Lopes, Lindolaine Machado de Sousa, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Ana Lúcia Denardin da Rosa, Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos und Elisabete Lourdes do Nascimento. „Análise da qualidade da água subterrânea“. Águas Subterrâneas 35, Nr. 1 (21.12.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/ras.v35i1.29972.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea do aquífero livre na microbacia do igarapé Nazaré (Ji-Paraná-RO), por meio de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Foram realizadas 4 coletas de amostras de água em 15 poços rasos nos meses de (março, junho, setembro e dezembro de 2019). Os parâmetros condutividade elétrica, temperatura e o pH foram determinadas in loco por meio de sonda multiparâmetros. A turbidez e os sólidos totais dissolvidos foram determinados no laboratório com sondas especificas. O oxigênio dissolvido foi determinado pelo método titulométrico, a alcalinidade total foi obtida por titulação potenciométrica. As análises dos nutrientes foram realizadas por métodos espectrofotométricos, e as análises microbiológicas realizadas conforme o método de membrana filtrante em meio cromogênico. De acordo com os Valores Máximos Permitidos estabelecidos pela Portaria de Consolidação n° 5/2017 do Ministério da Saúde e com a Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA n° 396/2008, estiveram em desconformidade com tais legislações os coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, pH, turbidez e o nitrato. A análise de componentes principais não evidenciou diferença entre os períodos avaliados. Os resultados indicaram que a água dos poços encontra-se fora do padrão de potabilidade permitido para o consumo, podendo apresentar riscos à saúde humana.
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Kawung, Roden, Dinar Wicaksono und Joenda S. Soewantoro. „GAMBARAN RESIKO KARIES GIGI PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2008 DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNSRAT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARIOGRAM“. e-GIGI 2, Nr. 2 (23.07.2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.2.2.2014.5902.
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Abstract: The risk of caries is an opportunity for someone to have some caries lesions over time. Caries risk is not the same on every person and not last forever because it can be changed if patients take the precautions either by himself or dentist. Caries risk measurement is needed in order to take preventive measures directed against people who have a high risk of caries. This study was conducted to determine the percentage level of caries risk in students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University. This research is a descriptive study. Sampling using simple random sampling method, the 52 students of the 110 students who meet the criteria of the sampling frame. Samples were randomly selected to meet the specified number of samples. The informations were collected by interview using a questionnaire, while the examination of caries experience (DMFT), scores of plaque, saliva secretion and buffer capacity is done using the sonde, mouth mirror, disclosing solution, and a pH indicator. The results of the research students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University showed that all respondents have a low risk of dental caries and there is no respondents indicating a high risk of dental caries. However, students of Dentistry on Medicine faculty class of 2008 Sam Ratulangi University are expected to keep on the diet by eating snacks with low carbohydrate content with a maximum frequency of 3 times a day and use a regular fluoride program to reduce caries risk factors. Keywords: Caries risk, Cariogram. Abstrak: Risiko karies merupakan peluang seseorang untuk mempunyai beberapa lesi karies selama kurun waktu tertentu. Risiko karies pada setiap orang tidak sama dan tidak tetap seumur hidup oleh karena hal ini dapat berubah apabila pasien melakukan tindakan pencegahan baik oleh dirinya sendiri maupun dokter gigi. Pengukuran risiko karies diperlukan agar dapat melakukan tindakan pencegahan yang ditujukan langsung kepada orang yang mempunyai risiko tinggi terhadap karies. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat persentase risiko karies pada mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling, yaitu 52 orang mahasiswa dari 110 orang mahasiswa yang memenuhi kriteria sampling frame. Sampel dipilih secara acak hingga memenuhi jumlah sampel yang ditentukan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner sedangkan pemeriksaan pengalaman karies (DMFT), skor plak, sekresi saliva dan kapasitas buffer dilakukan menggunakan sonde, kaca mulut, disclosing solution, dan pH indikator. Hasil penelitian mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008 menunjukan bahwa seluruh responden memiliki resiko karies gigi yang rendah dan tidak ada responden yang menunjukkan resiko karies gigi yang tinggi. Namun demikian, mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2008 diharapkan mengupayakan dalam menjaga pola makan dengan mengonsumsi jajanan dengan kandungan karbohidrat rendah dengan frekuensi maksimal 3 kali sehari dan penggunaan program fluor yang rutin untuk mengurangi faktor risiko karies. Kata kunci: Resiko Karies, Kariogram.
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SY, Papa Mady, Sidy Mohamed DIENG, Alphonse R. DJIBOUNE, Mamadou SOUMBOUNDOU, Louis Augustin DIOUF, Gora MBAYE, Boucar NDONG und Mounibé DIARRA. „Nanoémulsions de Pickering stabilisées par des nanoparticules d’hydroxyde de magnésium : formulation et caractérisation physico-chimique“. Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, Nr. 3 (20.12.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.78.
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Introduction : ce travail a pour objectif principal de stabiliser une nanoémulsion de Pickering avec des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la stabilité d’une nanoémulsion de Pickering et sa caractérisation physico-chimique.
Matériel et Méthodes : Les nanoparticules stabilisantes composées d'hydroxyde de magnésium ont été obtenues par une méthode de nano-précipitation en présence de PEG-12000. Une nanoémulsion Huile- dans-Eau de Pickering stabilisée par des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2 a été formulée selon un processus à haute énergie, à l'aide d'une sonde de sonication. L'approche expérimentale a exploré l'impact de tous les paramètres de formulation, composition et taille des nanoparticules de Mg(OH)2, sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de la nanoémulsion de Pickering. Le système a été caractérisé par diffusion dynamique d’un faisceau Laser Hélium-Néon (DLS) et par microscopie électronique à transmission.
Résultats et Discussion : Les résultats ont montré la formulation d’une nanoémulsion de Pickering Huile-dans-Eau stable. La caractérisation au DLS a montré des tailles de nanoparticules comprises entre 21 et 45 nm. Les résultats ont également montré des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion d’une dimension comprise entre 100 et 300 nm au DLS. Cette gamme de taille était fonction des nanoparticules stabilisantes. La taille des nano-gouttelettes d’émulsion a été confirmée par microscopie électronique à transmission. La caractérisation physico-chimique a aussi montré que le potentiel zêta des nano- gouttelettes était fonction du pH du milieu dispersant.
Conclusion : Cette nanoémulsion de Pickering peut offrir des applications intéressantes dans la réalisation de systèmes à libération contrôlée de substances actives.
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Abreu, Mariana Aparecida de Freitas, Juliano Curi de Siqueira, Aline dos Reis Souza, Marina Santos Ázara, Bruna Coelho Lopes, César Rossas Mota Filho, Ana Maria Moreira Batista et al. „Estudo do esgoto de um município do sul de Minas Gerais: correlação de variáveis físicas e químicas, casos de COVID-19 e concentração do RNA de SARS-CoV-2“. Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 23.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220220006.
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RESUMO A epidemiologia baseada em esgotos é uma importante ferramenta de saúde pública com grande aplicabilidade no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19, visto que indivíduos infectados são capazes de excretar partículas de SARS-CoV-2. Diante desse contexto, este estudo objetivou correlacionar o número de casos de COVID-19 com variáveis físicas e químicas e presença do vírus em amostras de esgoto bruto provenientes de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do município de Lavras (MG) coletadas entre as 19ª e 25ª semanas epidemiológicas. As amostras foram concentradas pelo método de adsorção em membrana eletronegativa, e o RNA de SARS-CoV-2 foi extraído, detectado e quantificado por reação da transcriptase reversa seguida pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-qPCR) utilizando-se oligonucleotídeos e sondas para o gene N. Ademais, as variáveis pH, sólidos suspensos totais e demanda química de oxigênio foram avaliadas. Os casos de COVID-19 foram obtidos de boletins epidemiológicos disponibilizados pela prefeitura. Na 24ª semana epidemiológica, observou-se redução na concentração viral (cópias L-1) concomitantemente às medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia iniciadas pelo município. Correlação positiva forte e significativa (p < 0,05) entre carga viral e número de casos confirmados foi obtida por meio do teste de Spearman, entretanto não houve correlação entre a presença do vírus e as características físicas e químicas do esgoto. Sugere-se, portanto, que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas com a finalidade de rastrear a concentração de SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuárias, corroborando, desse modo, com o enfrentamento à pandemia e a obtenção de sistemas de vigilância epidemiológica por meio do monitoramento de esgotos.
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Garretson, Alexis, Megan Napoli, Natalie Feldsine, Penelope Adler-Colvin und Elizabeth Long. „Vernal pool amphibian breeding ecology monitoring from 1931 to present: A harmonised historical and ongoing observational ecology dataset“. Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (14.04.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.8.e50121.
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For 88 years (1931-present), the Mohonk Preserve's Daniel Smiley Research Center has been collecting data on occupancy and reproductive success of amphibian species, as well as associated water quality of 11 vernal pools each spring (February to May). Though sampling effort has varied over the dataset range, the size of the dataset is unprecedented within the field of amphibian ecology. With more than 2,480 individual species sampling dates and more than 151,701 recorded individual occurrences of the nine amphibian species, the described dataset represents the longest and largest time-series of herpetological sampling with paired water quality data. We describe the novel publication of a paired dataset of amphibian occurrence with environmental indicators spanning nearly 90 years of data collection. As of February 2020, the dataset includes 2,480 sampling dates across eleven vernal pools and 151,701 unique occurrences of egg masses or individuals recorded across nine species of amphibian. The dataset also includes environmental conditions associated with the species occurrences with complete coverage for air temperature and precipitation records and partial coverage for a variety of other weather and water quality measures. Data collection has included species, egg mass and tadpole counts; weather conditions including precipitation, sky and wind codes; water quality measurements including water temperature and pH; and vernal pool assessment including depth and surface vegetation coverage. Collection of data was sporadic from 1931–1991, but data have been collected consistently from 1991 to present. We also began monitoring dissolved oxygen, nitrate concentrations and conductivity of the vernal pools using a YSI Sonde Professional Plus Instrument and turbidity using a turbidity tube in February 2018. The dataset (and periodic updates), as well as metadata in the EML format, are available in the Environmental Data Initiative Repository under package edi.398.
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Hategekimana, F., J. D. Ndikuryayo, E. Habimana, T. Mugerwa, Kakonkwe Christian und R. Digne Ed Rwabuhungu. „Lake Kivu Water Chemistry Variation with Depth Over Time, Northwestern Rwanda“. Rwanda Journal of Engineering, Science, Technology and Environment 3, Nr. 1 (08.05.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjeste.v3i1.5.
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The water of East African rift lakes contains large amounts of dissolved chemicals such as carbon dioxide, methane greatly and others like phosphate, silicate, Sulfate, Sulfide, Iron, Ammonia, Alkalinity etc. Lake Kivu is a large, deep rift basin lake located in the western branch of the East African rift zone that contains a methane gas deposit of great economic interest with two main sources: Inorganic carbon dioxide CO2 + 4H2 = CH4 + 2H2O and Organic methanogenesis CH3COOH =CH4 + CO2. Lake Kivu is a stratified, meromictic lake bordering Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The lake has a surface area of 2,370 Km2, a volume of 580 Km3 and a maximum water depth of 485 m. To characterize the vertical variation of Lake Kivu water chemistry, 8 samples of water were collected using Niskin bottles in Lake Kivu near Gisenyi town. Water samples were therefore collected at different depths: 0 m, 40 m, 90 m, 240 m, 290 m, 340 m, 340 m, and 390 m. Hatch kits were used to analyze water chemistry of samples taken of Sulfate, Sulfide, Iron, Ammonia, Alkalinity, Silica, PO4,andphosphorus.The results revealed that alkalinity increases in the monimolimnion part due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the upper levels of the water column and dissolution in the monimolimnion. The conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH weremeasured by CTD Sonde. Water column data from these studies showed increasing concentrations with depth. The divide between the mixolimnion and monomolimnion is estimated at a depth of around 40 m. Higher amounts of silica observed closer to the shoreline is likely a result of an influx of siliciclastic sediment and increased silica with depth is likely a result of the dissolution of diatoms below the photic zone.
Keywords: Monimolimnion, mixolimnion, water stratification, chemicals agents.