Dissertationen zum Thema „Sommeil – Physiologie“
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Valderrama, Mario. „Activations physiologiques et épileptiques pendant le sommeil chez l'homme“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorin, André. „Implication du peptide intestinal vasoactif dans les mécanismes de régulation du sommeil du rat : approche biochimique et radioautographique“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePetit, Jean-Marie. „Effet hypnogène de l'acide 13-cis-rétinoïque chez le rat : arguments en faveur de l'implication du VIP : approches polygraphique, immunohistochimique et biochimique“. Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRobert, Claude. „Optimisation et validation d'un système d'analyse des états de vigilance chez le rat normal et pharmaco-dépendant à l'aide d'un modèle connexionniste“. Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSagot, Jean-Claude. „Thermoregulation et sommeil chez l'homme : influences d'environnements chauds et de la privation de sommeil“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuessard, Williaml. „Les rythmes ultradiens de la vigilance et leurs modifications par privation de sommeil : étude EEG quantifiée“. Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapotot, Florian. „Régulation physiologique de la vigilance chez l'homme : relations entre les activités électroencéphalographiques et corticotrope au cours du sommeil et de la veille“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndrillon, Thomas. „The sleeping brain at work : perceptual processing and learning in human sleep Thomas Andrillon“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEvery night we fall asleep and every morning we wake up. From what happens in the meantime, little is remembered. Others may say that we have moved, talked, laughed orcried, that the strongest and most vivid emotions took control of our body without leaving the faintest memory behind. Or others may have moved, talked, laughed or cried without our slightest notice. On the contrary, we can emerge from the most fantastic adventure in a quiet bed, cradled by a peaceable ticking clock. Without causing us much alarm, it seems that sleep entails a dissociation between what happens in ourenvironment and within our mind. Yet, at any moment, we can wake up and immediately regain consciousness of the surrounding world. Interestingly, it seems that certain sounds are more likely to awake us than others.Thus, are we completely disconnected from our environment when we sleep?
Gagnon, Jean-François. „Étude polygraphique du sommeil paradoxal et de l'EEG quantifié à l'éveil dans la maladie de Parkinson /“. Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24042620.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSallanon, Marcelle. „Régulations hypothalamiques et hypophysaires du cycle veille-sommeil et leurs contrôles par les indolamines“. Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO19006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMazza, Stéphanie. „Déficits attentionnels diurnes et syndrome d'apnées obstructives au cours du sommeil : évaluation des capacités cognitives“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExcessive daytime sleepiness represents the major complaint of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). As a result, daytime vigilance is the most frequently examined component of attention in this disorder. The overall aim of this work was to establish the depth of attention deficits in OSA patients, in order to investigate whether sleepiness alone could explain cognitive deficits in these patients. Our results show that all attentional functions were altered, vigilance but also selective and divided attention as well as executive control of attention could be specifically altered. In addition, our work in a real automobile driving setting showed that OSA patients exhibited a marked increase in their reaction time while driving and that these performances were correlated with a laboratory setting divided attention test. Our findings indicate that OSA patients suffer from a multiple attentional deficit which does not implicate daytime vigilance exclusively
Seigneur, Josée. „Impacts des rythmes du sommeil sur la connectivité fonctionnelle et effets des changements ioniques sur la synchronisation neuronale et la connectivité fonctionnelle“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29935/29935.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe neuronal synchronisation is an intrinsic phenomenon in the brain that allows neurons to be connected to the network to communicate. Oscillations inherent of the states of vigilance such as the slow-wave sleep, the REM sleep, and waking state or pathological conditions such as epilepsy emerge from the network synchronisation of a group of neurons. Several interactions influence the synchronization: the chemical or electrical transmission, the ionic variations, and the ephaptic interactions. At cellular level, the synaptic plasticity also influences the functional connectivity of neurons. In this thesis, I aim to explain the impact of sleep rhythms on the functional connectivity and the effects of ionic variations on the neuronal synchrony and the functional connectivity. States of vigilance implicated in the memory consolidation. We demonstrated that the presence of slow oscillations and the spiking pattern during slow-wave sleep favours the long-term synaptic facilitation, which could be a key element for the sleep-dependent reinforcement of synaptic efficacy contributing to memory consolidation. By contrast synaptic activities generated during waking state in a conditions of increased level acetylcholine favour short-term facilitation. Sleep allows also the brain to disrupt partially the communication with the environment. The accepted model is that the thalamus provides gating of sensory information during sleep, but the exact mechanisms of that gating are unknown. We demonstrated that the failure rate to a lemniscal stimulation is increased during the thalamic Ca2+ spike bursts and the generation of those Ca2+ spikes cause a depletion of the extracellular calcium which is sufficient to reduce the synaptic efficacy. Bursts of action potential occur preferentially during slow-wave sleep, but also in the pathological form of paroxysmal depolarization shift during the generation of cortical epileptic seizures. During seizures, the paroxysmal neuronal activity causes a decrease of extracellular Ca2+ and an increase of extracellular potassium. We demonstrated that those ionic variations affect the synaptic transmission by increasing the failure rate of unitary responses at a synapse and by blocking the axonal transmission of action potentials, which disrupts the neuronal communication between neurons, facilitating seizure termination.
Lin, Jian-Sheng. „Système histaminergique central et états de vigilance chez le chat“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParmantier, Pierre. „Implication des systèmes cholinergiques et no-ergiques dans la régulation de l'épilepsie absence chez le rat gaers : retombées pour une nouvelle approche thérapeutique“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10296.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGagné, Annie. „Évaluation du temps de réaction chez les adolescents : impact de l'âge, du sommeil et de l'IMC“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe mémoire présente le temps de réaction simple (TRS) chez les adolescents. Ce projet de recherche s’insère à l’intérieur d’un plus vaste projet de recherche qui visait à décrire l’état de certain déterminant des habiletés motrices, des fonctions exécutives et des paramètres psychologiques chez des adolescents. Peu d’études ont décrit le TRS chez les adolescents sains. Le but de cette recherche était de décrire l’état du TRS chez les adolescents, en fonction de l’âge, du sommeil et du percentile de l’indice de masse corporelle. L’échantillonnage comprenait 226 participants âgés entre 12 à 18 ans. Le test du TRS a été mesuré à partir d’un essai réalisé à l’ordinateur. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les garçons et les filles pour le TRS. En comparant les TRS des participants (adolescents et adolescentes combinés) de deuxième secondaire au TRS des participants de 4e et 5e secondaire par une analyse de variance multivarié suivi par des tests post-hoc de type Tukey-Kramer ceci a permis d’observer des différences significatives (p<0,05). La même observation a été réalisée avec le nombre de rejets obtenus lors du test du TRS entre la 1e et la 5e secondaire. Nos résultats sont en concordance avec les résultats d’autres recherches. Le phénomène de diminution du TRS, au cours de l’adolescence, peut s’expliquer par la maturation du système nerveux (SN). L’analyse des données sur le sommeil, selon une classification en trois groupes (moins de 7h, 7h à 9h et plus de 9h) a permis de déterminer que la majorité des participants rapportent dormir le temps recommandé, soit entre 7 et 9 heures. Aucune corrélation n’a été obtenue entre le TRS et le nombre d’heure de sommeil en effectuant une corrélation linéaire de Pearson. La littérature abonde concernant l’impact de l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) sur le temps de réaction. Nos résultats n’ont pas permis d’appuyer la littérature existante car aucune corrélation n’a été obtenue entre l’IMC et le TRS chez nos adolescents en effectuant une corrélation linéaire de Pearson. Le phénomène de diminution du TRS, au cours de l’adolescence, peut s’expliquer par la maturation du SN. D’autres études seront nécessaires pour valider l’absence de lien entre le TRS et le sommeil ainsi que l’IMC.
349242\u Résumé en anglais
349243\u Résumé en espagnol
Mauvieux, Benoit. „Effets d’un entrainement physique et sportif régulier, chronique ou temporaire, sur les rythmes biologiques du travailleur de nuit“. Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOtmani, Sarah. „Activité électroencéphalographique au cours de la conduite automobile simulée : Influence de l'âge du conducteur, du moment de la journée et de la privation préalable de sommeil“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFor the last few years, there has been a growing interest for problems related to the maintenance of alertness in the road sector. Occurrence of low-alertness state, in car driving, is, indeed, the cause of many road accidents. Studies are undertaken today to apprehend the origin and the factors influencing the variations of the level of vigilance and the mechanisms of the wake to sleep transition. Our experiments are integrated within this framework and more particularly in that of the wake-sleep transition that occurs in an involuntary way in the driver. Among the various possible approaches, we were especially interested to the electrophysiological one. We undertook three driving experiments on a dynamic simulator (Poste d'Analyse de la Vigilance en Conduite Automobile) with various groups of drivers (young, middle-aged, old people), after one complete night of sleep or a night of partial sleep deprivation (4h of sleep) and at various times of day (afternoon, morning, evening). We carried out subjective (questionnaires) and objective (EEG and driving performances) measurements of vigilance during these various experiments. Our results show that partial sleep deprivation interacted with driving time to decrease the vigilance of the driver but not his driving performance. These effects are similar whatever the age of the driver (young people or middle-aged). Driving time is the most important factor of degradation of vigilance. We also showed that young drivers are more likely to present a strong fall of vigilance in driving situations than middle-aged and aged subjects and this, in particular, in monotonous condition of driving and during the periods of sleep propensity
Greneche, Jérôme Tassi Patricia. „Effets de perturbations respiratoires au cours du sommeil sur la vigilance et la mémoire à court terme pendant 24 heures de veille prolongée exemple du syndrome d'apnées et hypoapnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) et efficacité d'un traitement ventilatoire /“. Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1146/01/GRENECHE_Jerome_2008r.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 25 p.
Malcus, Christophe. „Expression des cytokines dans deux modèles de neuroinfection virale in vitro et in vivo chez la souris et en neurophysiopathologie humaine“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJanssen, Christophe. „Contribution à l'étude du contrôle chémoréflexe des variables ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires chez le sujet sain et pathologique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314830.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Sapin, Émilie. „Étude anatomique des réseaux neuronaux impliqués dans la régulation du sommeil paradoxal chez le rat“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of our study is to improve the knowledge of the neural networks responsible for paradoxical sleep (PS) regulation. To this end, we combined polysomnographic recordings, functional neuroanatomy, pharmacology and tract-tracing of nervous pathways. We thus highlighted a population of GABAergic neurons at the junction between the ventroleral periaqueductal gray and the dorsal part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (vlPAG/dDpMe), able to gate PS genesis. We also showed the existence in the pons of several GABAergic neurons populations activated during PS. Moreover, our work revealed the presence of a large number of GABAergic neurons including the MCH neurons, activated in PS in several hypothalamic areas. Finally, we mapped the MCH, Hcrt neurons that send projections to the wake-promoting histaminergic neurons of the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus (VTM). Our thesis work made it possible to refine the model of neural networks involved in PS regulation, particularly by confirming the role of GABA in these mechanisms of regulation
Clodore, Martine. „La vigilance : evolution circadienne et horaires de sommeil, importance de la typologie matin/soir“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066153.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGreneche, Jérôme. „Effet de perturbations respiratoires au cours du sommeil sur la vigilance et la mémoire à court terme pendant 24 heures de veille prolongée : exemple du syndrome d'apnées et hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) et efficacité d'un traitement ventilatoire“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/GRENECHE_Jerome_2008.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHein, Matthieu. „Contribution à l’étude de la physiologie et de la physiopathologie du sommeil chez l’individu normal et chez les patients souffrant de dépression majeure et d’insomnie primaire“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/287421/3/These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gruau, Sandrine. „Modifications des rythmes circadiens chez la personne âgée par l'activité physique : évaluation de ces effets sur le rythme de la température, le rythme veille/sommeil et les performances diurnes en conduite automobile simulée“. Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUrbain, Nadia. „Étude de l'activité électrophysiologique des neurones du noyau subthalamique au cours du cycle veille-sommeil : régulation par leurs afférences chez le rat intact et dans un modèle expérimental de la maladie de Parkinson“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuiliani, Florence. „La vigilance entrepreneuriale : les antécédents liés au sommeil du dirigeant de PME“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of entrepreneurial alertness introduced by Kirzner (1973) plays a critical role in the process of business opportunities detection. Since the work conducted by the Austrian school, this concept has been widely developed and has raised numerous questions by researchers. The cognitive approach has pointed to some answers by refining the concept. Inspired by the initial work of Kirzner (1973, 1989) and those conducted by the cognitive approach, Tang et al. (2012) proposed a more inclusive definition. These authors modeled and operationalized entrepreneurial alertness by three dimensions: alert scanning and search, alert association and connection and evaluation and judgment. The issue of potential antecedents of entrepreneurial alertness remained unresolved (Valliere, 2013). In response to the comments of Valliere (2013) and the entrepreneurial health field’s needs for knowledge and statistics, we proposed to study the effects of sleep on this process. To this end, the theory of attention allowed to make the links between the fields of entrepreneurship and sleep. To meet the problematic, a positivist posture associated with a hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted. Thirteen research hypotheses were proposed from the conceptual model was built. To validate this model, a cross sectional quantitative study of two months was conducted among SME owners/directors. At the end of this survey, we collected 238 questionnaires. These were analyzed by the structural equation method based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results highlight the importance of sleep in maintaining cognitive, attentional and entrepreneurial abilities for SME owners/directors
Cabon, Philippe. „Maintien de la vigilance et gestion du sommeil dans les systemes automatises : recherche de laboratoire applications aux transports ferroviaires et aeriens“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05S022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChahboune, Halima. „Observation du cortex cérébral par résonance magnétique nucléaire au cours du cycle veille-sommeil du rat : développements méthodologiques, instrumentaux et monitorage des signaux physiologiques“. Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMounichetty, Chloé. „Etude de la fragmentation du sommeil d’un modèle murin : impact comportemental, inflammatoire et neuroinflammatoire chez le rat jeune et âgé“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Saint-Etienne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STET0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSleep fragmentation is the repeated interruption of the sleep cycle. There is little literature on pure sleep fragmentation. This thesis consists of an in vivo study where weight curves, memory tests and vocalization recordings were developed (on a pilot study of 8 aged rats); and an in vitro study in which we were interested in glia, BBB permeability with the expression of claudin-5 and occludin, inflammation with pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17, aquaporin-4 for water movement at the brain level, and amyloid precursor proteins, a marker of neuro-inflammation; on young and old rats. Our 1-month sleep fragmentation protocol had very few behavioral consequences. We observed a significant increase in the brain concentration of IL-17, occludin and auqaporin-4 in the group of aged rats compared to young rats. Other markers were less sensitive to age and protocol such as IL-6, IL-1β and claudin-5. However, APP concentration was significantly lower in young SF rats than in controls. In addition, in aged rats, the amount of APP was significantly higher. We observed an impact of our fragmentation protocol on the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, this thesis work suggests that glia and APP accumulation are two early consequences of brain changes during severe sleep fragmentation
Laloux, Charlotte. „Régulation des états de viligance chez la souris MPTP, modèle d'étude de la maladie de Parkinson“. Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKroeger, Daniel. „Brain activity patterns in deep anesthesia“. Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25863/25863.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManicom, René. „Etude experimentale de l'action de l'arginine-vasotocine sur les etats de vigilance“. Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSauvet, Fabien. „EFFETS DE LA PRIVATION AIGUE DE SOMMEIL SUR LA REGULATION DE LA PRESSION ARTERIELLE ET LE CONTROLE DE LA VASOMOTRICITE“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984355.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDi, Nisi Joseph. „Modifications de la frequence cardiaque et de la vasomotricite digitale provoquees par le bruit : differences interindividuelles au cours de la veille et du sommeil“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLancry, Alain. „Mémoire et vigilance : approche chronopsychologique différentielle“. Lille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL30011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a first part, after having recalled the existence of biological and psychological rhythms connected with each other, the author develops the differential aspect concerning more particularly the psychological and behavioral manifestations which are typical of vigilance (typology morningness - eveningness). The methodolical technics of measure of vigilance are then exposed, discussed and one of them is improved. The second part deals with the fluctuations of mnesic efficiency both in short term and in long term, connected with the circadian modifications of vigilance. On one hand, it appears that vigilance and mnesic efficiency (especially in the short term) have a parallel process during the day if the material used to memo- rize is sophisticated enough. On the other hand, the evolutions of performance and vigilance depend on the typology of subjects. The ability for the subject to organize the information seems to clear out these fluctuations. This statement makes the author ask a question about the role of the operational activity of the subject in the emergence of performing variations during the day. This question is dealt in three ways : about the structural nature of information ; in a recognition task ; in the study of the mental load. Finally, in the last part, we deal with the role of keeping the nycthemeral rhythm sleep - activity : through the study of mnesic efficiency of school children whose sleep duration remains steady or not during a week at school and through the study of the effects of modifications of the sleeping times for morning and evening subjects
Perriot, Bruno. „Analyse de l’activité physique, de la position corporelle et de la qualité de sommeil chez les patients atteints de maladies chroniques : Traitement des signaux, fusion de données et stratégie de prise en charge“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic diseases affecting the respiratory system require a long-term monitoring. Physical activity and cardiovascular parameters are essential in those pathologies. We focused on two of those diseases : COPD and obstructive sleep apnea. COPD is characterized by a downward cycle of inactivity : a respiratory impairment leads to a reduction of activity, whose in turn worsen the respiratory impairment by a conditioning loss. As a consequence, activity monitoring and SpO2 are essential for the monitoring of this pathology. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation are a main feature of sleep apnea. An actimeter allows for sleep quality evaluation, and is a logical choice for a complementary measure of this disease. Moreover, diurnal activity is an indicator of the degree of physical weakness that can occur as a consequence of sleep apnea. The main goal of the work has been the developement of a connected actimeter, able to monitor diurnal activity, estimate the duration of sleep and collect data from a pulse oximeter to synchronise the data. From 26 days of accelerometric measures, we designed and validated an algorithm that compute the time spend sitting, standing and lying. This algorithm has been designed to be embedded in a microcontroler with limited computing power. We also proposed a step detection algorithm validated on 5 hours of walking, on 22 different patients, against a visual count. Finally, we designed a method to detect the sitting-standing change of posture to monitor the 3-minutes chair stand test. On the nocturnal aspect, we designed an algorithm used to estimate the sleep duration during a night. It as been tested on 25 nights. We also proposed a pulse wave analysis method to extract the LF/HF ratio of cardiac variability, to detect REM sleep. We showed the result of the aggregation of the different parameters collected by the system composed of the actimeter and the oximeter during a monitored night, as a tool to the healthcare professional. The actimeter design in the context of this work and the associated signal processing methods are appropriate to the monitoring of respiratory pathologies with a light equipment. They also can be integrated into a telemedecine system through a gateway computer, allowing for a long-term monitoring
Tafti, Mehdi. „Régulation homéostatique du sommeil et interaction sommeil lent - sommeil paradoxal : utilisation du modèle narcoleptique“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePujol, Marine. „Variabilité comportementale en réponse au stress social : influence du variant allélique VGLUT3-p.T8I sur l'acétylcholine et la dopamine dans le noyau accumbens“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStress is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric conditions such as generalized anxiety and major depressive disorder which are often associated with sleep disturbances. The behavioral adaptation to stress is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, leading to significant variability among individuals. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in stress susceptibility and sleep regulation. In the NAc, the behavioral adaptations associated with resilience or susceptibility to stress are modulated by dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) signals. The latter is predominantly released by cholinergic interneurons (CINs). Notably, CINs have the ability to signal with both ACh and glutamate through the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3). Our lab recently showed that the VGLUT3-p.T8I allelic variant results in a reduced ACh release from CINs without affecting glutamate release.The objective of my PhD was to elucidate the role of the p.T8I variant in shaping behavioral and sleep responses to stress as well as the stress-associated neuronal ACh and DA dynamics in the NAc. To address these questions, I took advantage of a mouse line carrying the p.T8I variant (VGLUT3T8I/T8I) to study social, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors as well as sleep-wake patterns in male and female mice both before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) exposure. Then, I measured in vivo ACh and DA dynamics in the NAc using fiber photometry coupled with fluorescent biosensors to assess their release in response to stress. The findings indicate that the p.T8I variant is associated with enhanced social cue discrimination characterized by high target-dependent social avoidance, and elevated anxiety-like levels, accompanied by distinct acute stress-induced sleep changes. Moreover, these behaviors are associated with reduced stress-induced ACh release in the NAc in male mice. Together, these findings reveal the intricate relationship between the p.T8I variant, diminished cholinergic transmission within the NAc and susceptibility to stress
Rousseau, Éric. „Effets de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive effectuée au niveau de la représentation corticale du génioglosse sur les propriétés mécaniques et neurophysiologiques des voies aériennes supérieures chez les sujets apnéiques à l'éveil“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStimulation of upper airway (UA) muscles during sleep by isolated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) twitch can improve airflow dynamics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects without arousal. However, the effect of repetitive TMS (rTMS) on UA dynamics is unknown. Phrenic nerve magnetic stimulation (PNMS) can be used to produce painless experimental twitch-induced flow-limitation during wakefulness. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the effects of rTMS applied during wakefulness over the genioglossus corticomotor representation on UA mechanical properties using PNMS in OSA subjects. PNMS were applied to 10 subjects, with and without simultaneous rTMS, during inspiration and expiration. The results suggest that rTMS does not improve UA mechanical properties in awake OSA subjects and that rTMS applied during expiration induces corticomotor facilitation.
Aussel, Amélie. „Computational modeling of healthy and epileptic hippocampal oscillations“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0202.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe hippocampus can exhibit different oscillatory rhythms within the sleep-wake cycle, each of them being involved in cognitive processes. For example, theta-nested gamma oscillations, consisting of the coupling of theta and gamma rhythms, are produced during wakefulness and are associated with spatial navigation and working memory tasks, whereas sharp-wave-ripple complexes, consisting of fast oscillatory events occurring during low frequency waves, are produced during slow-wave sleep and quiet waking and play an important role in memory consolidation. Models exist to reproduce and explain the generation of each of these rhythms, yet the mechanisms involved in their generation and the transitions between them are not yet fully understood. This question is all the more important that altered hippocampal rhythms are involved in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, a common form of epilepsy which cannot be controlled by existing pharmaceutical treatments. Some models have also been previously developed to reproduce epileptic seizures (episodes of excessive neural activity) or interictal discharges (brief peaks of synchronous activity), but these models cannot fully explain the links between neuropathological conditions of the hippocampus, physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, and the resulting oscillations. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is to provide better understanding of various hippocampal oscillations, both physiological and pathological. To do so, we first design a full computational model of the healthy hippocampal formation including the entorhinal cortex, the dentate gyrus and the CA3 and CA1 regions. This model includes more than thirty thousand Hodgkin-Huxley point neurons, represented by tens of thousands differential equations to be solved numerically, as well as an estimation of the extracellular potentials (LFP) generated by the dipolar neurons as measured by a macroscopic electrode, so as to be more easily interpretable. We perform a thorough study of our model's activity based on design of experiments techniques to identify the role of each of its intrinsic parameters and the importance of input stimulation in the production coupled oscillatory outputs. We then evaluate our model in a realistic context : its activity under realistic input stimulation is compared with intracranial recordings obtained in epileptic patients. We demonstrate that our model is able to reproduce both sleep and wakefulness oscillations with temporal and frequential similarities with the clinically measured signals. We link the modification of some parameters of the model (synaptic gains and ion channel conductances) with cholinergic modulation, and show how single neuron dynamics are mostly responsible for the frequency of slow oscillations of our network, while network functional connectivity controls its fast oscillations. Finally, we detail our model further to include four pathological modifications of the hippocampus seen in mesial temporal lobe epilepsies, that is hippocampal sclerosis, mossy fiber sprouting, and impaired potassium and chloride dynamics in pyramidal neurons (which are modeled by changing the network connectivity or the parameters of individual neuron dynamics), and show how these mechanisms can interact with the previously described sleep-wake cycle and lead to pathological synchrony and rhythms such as seizures, interictal spikes and fast ripples. In conclusion, we propose in this thesis a unique model of the hippocampus regrouping many mechanisms previously described in separate works, and analyze its oscillatory activity as we vary different parameters representing either structural or functional properties of the network, as well as pathological modifications observed in epilepsy. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the generation of various hippocampal oscillations, which could open the way to future clinical applications
Clavel, Louis. „Analyse et modélisation de l'interaction posturo-ventilatoire en physiologie et application en pathologie respiratoire chronique Compensation of Respiratory-Related Postural Perturbation Is Achieved by Maintenance of Head-to-Pelvis Alignment in Healthy Humans Breathing through a spirometer perturbs balance“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn physiology, postural and ventilatory functions are tightly linked. Some clinical postural dysfunctions have been described in chronic respiratory pathologies. These postural dysfunctions could stem from a degradation of posturo-ventilatory interaction, but their physiopathological mechanisms are still unclear. The main objective of the thesis project was to describe and model this coupling between postural and ventilatory functions, in healthy subjects and in patient with OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome). It is divided in two parts, both applied to the study of a population of 50 healthy subjects and 14 OSAS patients. First, the dynamic interaction between postural and ventilatory functions is analyzed, and its modifications of the kinematic chain responsible for balance, along various ventilatory conditions as well. Using a motion capture system, a kinematic analysis was performed, synchronized to a non-disruptive ventilatory assessment to study postural and ventilatory signals separately, before focusing on the posturo-ventilatory interaction. Then a structural analysis of the lung volume influences on the postural alignment and the rib cage has been studied. A 3D skeletal subject specific reconstruction was performed based on biplanar radiographies in standing position at different lung volumes, in order to model the structural modifications on the spine-pelvis complex and the rib cage deformations as a function of the lung volume
Gati-Ouonkoye, Rahamatou. „Sommeil normal en Afrique tropicale et cycle veille-sommeil dans la trypanosomiase humaine africaine“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamdani, Beauvir Céline. „Effets de la vigilance sur le contrôle de l'erreur chez l'homme : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo study the impact of a vigilance decrease on error monitoring mechanisms in healthy participants, electromyogram and electroencephalogram were recorded during a choice reaction time task. The aim of experiment one was to decipher which indices of error monitoring at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels, were altered by sleep deprivation. In experiments two and three, decreases in vigilance were obtained through pharmacological treatments. We attempted to selectively inhibit one arousal system (either by acting on the histaminergic or on the dopaminergic pathway), so as to determine whether indices of error monitoring would be affected in the same way than after extended wakefulness. Proactive (implemented before an error execution) and reactive modes (implemented after an error execution) of error monitoring were distinguished. Within each mode, we further distinguished on-line (implemented within-trial) and off-line (between-trials) processes.Proactive off-line monitoring was unaffected by the decrease in vigilance, whether this caused by extended wakefulness, histaminergic depeltion or dopaminergic depletion). Sleep deprivation affected proactive on-line and off-line monitoring and reactive control. Histaminergic depletion affected only reactive control and reactive control seemed insensitive to dopaminergic depletion.As sleep deprivation, both histaminergic and dopaminergic depletion induced decrease in vigilance. However, effects of sleep deprivation on error monitoring were entirely reproduced neither by histaminergic nor by dopaminergic depletion, suggesting specific influences of the corresponding systems on error monitoring
Soriba, Mahaman. „Climat sahélien, entrainement physique et sommeil chez l'homme“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21505.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePereira, De Sa Rui Carlos. „Respiration and cardio-respiratory interactions during sleep in space: influence of gravity“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210416.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellerespiratoire et le contrôle de la respiration, ainsi que sur les interactions cardio-respiratoires pendant les différents stades du sommeil.
Le chapitre introductif présente le contexte général et les objectifs de la thèse. Des sections abordant le sommeil, la respiration, et l’interaction cardio-respiratoire y sont présentées, résumant l’état actuel des connaissances sur les effets de la pesanteur sur chacun de ces systèmes.
Dans le deuxième chapitre, l’expérience “Sleep and Breathing in microgravity”, qui constitue la source des données à la base de ce travail, est présentée en détail.
L’étude des signaux de longue durée requiert avant tout de disposer d’outils performants
d’analyse des signaux. La première partie de la thèse présente en détail deux algorithmes :un
algorithme de détection automatique d’événements respiratoires (inspiration / expiration)
basé sur des réseaux neuronaux artificiels, et un algorithme de quantification de l’amplitude
et de la phase de l’arythmie sinusale pendant le sommeil, utilisant la méthode des ondelettes.
La validation de chaque algorithme est présentée, et leur performance évaluée. Cette partie
inclut aussi des courtes introductions théoriques aux réseaux de neurones artificiels ainsi
qu’aux méthodes d’analyse temps–fréquence (Fourier et ondelettes).
Une approche similaire à celle utilisée pour la détection automatique d’événements respiratoires a été appliquée à la détection d’événements dans des signaux de vitesse du sang
dans l’artère cérébrale moyenne, mesures obtenues par Doppler transcrânien. Ceci est le
sujet de la thèse annexe.
Ces deux algorithmes ont été appliqués aux données expérimentales pour extraire des
informations physiologiques quant à l’impact de la pesanteur sur la mécanique respiratoire et
l’interaction cardio-respiratoire. Ceci constitue la deuxième partie de la thèse. Un chapitre
est consacré aux effets de l’apesanteur sur la mécanique respiratoire pendant le sommeil.
Ce chapitre a mis en évidence, pour tous les stades de sommeil, une augmentation de la
contribution abdominale en microgravité, suivi d’un retour progressif vers des valeurs observées avant le vol. L’augmentation initiale était attendue, mais l’adaptation progressive
observée ne peut pas être expliquée par un effet purement mécanique, et nous suggère la
présence d’un mécanisme d’adaptation central. Un deuxième chapitre présente les résultats
comparant l’arythmie sinusale pendant le sommeil avant le vol, en apesanteur et après le retour sur terre. Le rythme cardiaque pendant le sommeil dans l’espace présente une moindre
variabilité. Les différences NREM–REM observées sur terre pour les influences vagales et sympathiques sont accentuées dans l’espace. Aucun changement significatif n’est présent pour
le gain et la différence de phase entre les les signaux cardiaque et respiratoire en comparant
le sommeil sur terre et en apesanteur.
La dissertation termine par une discussion générale du travail effectué, incluant les prin-
cipales conclusions ainsi que les perspectives qui en découlent.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hristovska, Ines. „Dynamique microgliale en conditions physiologiques : un mécanisme contrôlé par les états de vigilance et l’activité neuronale“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60c4v3q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), were traditionally believed to be set into action only by injury or diseases. Strikingly, in the healthy brain, microglia actively carry out parenchyma patrolling by extending and retracting their ramified processes. These movements are referred to as microglial motility and may be to some extent directed toward synapses. However, motility regulation and the purpose of microglia-spine contacts remain elusive. We thus examined the influence of neuronal activity on microglial motility, morphology and microglia-spine interactions during sleep and wakefulness. We found that microglial motility and morphology are modulated by vigilance states. Microglial processes were found to be attracted by active synapses particularly during wake, whereas sleep downregulates microglial proximity and activity-dependent contact with spines. Microglial contact resulted in increased spine activity which was mainly observed during sleep. Understanding the mechanisms regulating microglial dynamics and microglia-spine interactions across the vigilance states will provide further insights into how microglial cells may be involved in sleep- associated functions such as synaptic homeostasis, learning and memory. Grasping these cellular interactions in physiological conditions is crucial to understand synaptic functioning and alterations when microglia are engaged into their immune functions, a hallmark of most brain pathologies
Houdouin, François. „Les modalités de libération de la sérotonine à travers le cycle veille-sommeil du rat : rôles dans la préparation, le déclenchement et le maintien du sommeil : approches voltamétrique, polygraphique, anatomique et micropharmacologique“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBretagne, Alice. „Le corps endormi : une histoire des représentations du sommeil dans la société française du XVIème au XVIIIème siècle“. Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study wished to highlight the different images of Sleep and asleep body in France from the 16th to the 18th century. Sleep has many representations that can be sometimes contradictory but often complementary. In 16th-17th centuries, discourses on Sleep began to develop because of “magicreligious” beliefs. For traditionalists, Sleep was a dangerous and soul-enslaving period of time during which the body wasn't conscious of being alive. Because it was strongly associated to intimacy and sexuality, it frightened. Considered as something bad but essential, it could be a bridge between God and men, however it was above all seen as a link between the devil and his fiends. From the 17th century, it became more rational. After being a mere matter of concern related to health, it became a real scientific research subject in the 18th century. During the age of Enlightment it gained an important place within the medical sphere, being associated to physiology, pathology or nosology and it began to take a part into psychology, a newly created field. The scientific representation of the Body characterizes the Sleep as a regeneration time, the warrant of human balance, especially between life and death. Sleep now becomes more of a “vital principle” but also a function, building and repairing the “machine”
Schröder, Carmen. „Sommeil, rythmes circadiens et corrélats cognitifs et psychologiques dans le vieillissement physiologique et pathologique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this doctoral thesis and its 11 published manuscripts, we show that the physiological aging process is accompanied by an attenuation of the homeostatic sleep process as well as attenuated circadian processes. This weakening of circadian rhythms is even more pronounced during pathological aging (the dementias). Its cognitive and psychological repercussions include memory processes, and we have also demonstrated that the circadian system plays a major rôle on well-being in older adults.Finally, sleep disorders increase with age, and we have shown that genetic factors such as APOE4 or the 5-‐HTTLPR s allele act as moderators of sleep disorders’ effect (such as sleep apnea) on cognitive outcomes. For the 5-‐HTTLPR s allele, we described its interactions with biological measures of stress (cortisol) to affect memory, probably via mechanisms implying the hippocampus