Thematische Bibliographien / Solute-solute

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Solute-solute“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Khetrapal, C. L., und N. Suryaprakash. „Solvent–solute and solute–solute interactions from NMR in nematic phases“. Liquid Crystals 14, Nr. 5 (Januar 1993): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299308026460.

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Chialvo, Ariel A. „Solute-solute and solute-solvent correlations in dilute near-critical ternary mixtures: mixed-solute and entrainer effects“. Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, Nr. 11 (März 1993): 2740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100113a041.

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Lilley, T. H. „Interactions in solutions: The interplay between solute solvation and solute-solute interactions“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, Nr. 3 (01.01.1994): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199466030429.

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Szaniawska, Daniela, und H. G. Spencer. „Solute-solute separations of binary-solute solutions using formed-in-place membranes“. Desalination 105, Nr. 1-2 (Juni 1996): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(96)00053-7.

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Jacob, K. T., S. M. Hoque und Y. Waseda. „Solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in transition metal alloys: Pt–Ti system“. Materials Science and Technology 16, Nr. 4 (April 2000): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708300101507947.

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Zhang Caowei, 张曹伟, 葛鸿浩 Ge Honghao, 方豪 Fang Hao, 张群莉 Zhang Qunli und 姚建华 Yao Jianhua. „溶质再分配系数对激光熔覆溶质分布的影响“. Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, Nr. 2 (2022): 0202012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.0202012.

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HENDRICKS, DAVID M. „Solute Processes“. Soil Science 146, Nr. 1 (Juli 1988): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198807000-00011.

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Spring, K. R. „Solute recirculation“. Journal of Physiology 542, Nr. 1 (Juli 2002): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013265.

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Gangopadhyay, A. K., K. L. Sahoo und K. F. Kelton. „Importance of solute–solute interactions on glass formability“. Philosophical Magazine 91, Nr. 17 (03.03.2011): 2186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2011.552451.

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WANG, Hai-feng, Feng LIU, Zheng CHEN und Wei YANG. „Solute trapping model based on solute drag treatment“. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): 877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60229-6.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Neale, Peta Anne. „Influence of solute-solute interactions on membrane filtration“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4106.

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An understanding of solute-solute interactions is essential for aquatic systems as this can affect the fate and behaviour of micropollutants in the environment and engineered systems. Despite the importance of solute-solute interactions there is a general lack of understanding which may be attributed to the fact that many engineering models overlook solute-solute interactions and that the quantification of such interactions is inherently difficult. When solute-solute interactions are considered, they are often studied at unrepresentative concentrations and do not consider the influence of organic matter type or solution chemistry. Steroidal hormones, such as estradiol and estrone, were selected as model micropollutants as they are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment due to constant introduction of wastewater effluent, and can have implications for growth and development of organisms including impaired fertility and behavioural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to quantify solute-solute interactions at environmental concentrations, and to determine the implications of such interactions in membrane filtration. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was developed to quantify solutesolute interactions at environmental (low) concentrations. Using SPME, organic matter-water partition coefficients (log KOM) were measured for a range of steroidal hormones including estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone with different organic matter types such as humic acid. The dominant mechanism of hormoneorganic matter interactions was identified as hydrogen bonding. In the case of estrone and progesterone the log KOM values were significantly influenced by organic matter type and concentration, as well as solution chemistry. No difference was observed for estradiol and testosterone due to generally weaker sorption to organic matter. Previous studies have indicated that the presence of organic matter can alter micropollutant retention in membrane filtration. Much of the current literature focuses on solute-membrane interactions, as the influence of solute-solute interactions are typically difficult to determine in membrane filtration. Therefore, hormone-organic matter interactions were studied to determine if this interaction had an influence on hormone removal by ultrafiltration (UF) using a range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes. The results indicated increased retention of estrone in the presence of humic acid, while organic matter concentration and solution chemistry influenced retention by affecting solute-solute interactions. The findings of this study indicate the importance of solute-solute interactions in membrane filtration and experimental log KOM results were used to quantify the findings and elucidate the influences of 1) membrane sorption, 2) solute-solute interactions and 3) solute-foulant interactions. Further, the removal of steroidal hormones using a magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) resin with a range of MWCO UF membranes was studied as such sorbents can be used to improve micropollutant removal in wastewater treatment. Greater removal with IX-UF was observed compared to UF alone and the main hormone removal mechanisms were sorption to MIEX® and solute-fouling interactions. The findings of this study indicate that it is indeed possible to quantify solute-solute interactions at environmental concentrations using SPME, with hydrogen bonding being the main mechanism of interaction for steroidal hormones and organic matter. Further, micropollutant retention by membrane filtration can be influenced by solutesolute interactions.

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Ghosh, Gargi. „Investigation on solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions prevailing in some liquid system“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1351.

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Mandale, Stephen John. „Nanofiltration of multi-solute systems : solute interactions and theory“. Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42669.

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From the outset, membrane researchers have studied the behaviour and governing processes of membrane separations. Theoretical representation of membrane transport systems is central to membrane research and the most recent investigations have considered single and binary solute systems of charged and uncharged species. A gap in the research was detected with respect to systems of combined charged (dissociated) and uncharged (non-dissociated) species. Thus these systems were explored from both a practical-experimental and theoretical perspective. The result of experimental investigation into combined systems of charged/uncharged solutes, was an observation of negative rejections for uncharged solutes in the presence of high salt concentrations. This is a phenomenon that was not observed elsewhere and in general the rejection of uncharged solutes was attributed to steric factors hence a direct interaction between salts and neutral solutes was not suggested. The reliability of the negative rejection observations was established through a discussion of experimental error and a consideration of concentration polarisation. It was found that the error was negligible and that the measured negative rejections (approximately -10% in some cases) were not attributable to variation in the results caused by external influences. An analysis of concentration polarisation only served to amplify the negative rejection observed, since real rejection (that at the membrane surface) exhibited greater negativity than the observed rejection. The observed phenomenon was discussed with respect to current forms of membrane transport theories. The semi-black box technique proposed by Spiegler and Kedem and later modified by Van der Bruggen and co-workers was found to provide a reasonable fit of the experimental data where valance was taken to be a non-integer fitting parameter. Errors in the Fortran implementation of the Bowen and Welfoot development of the Donnan Steric Partitioning Model (DSPM) prevented this transport theorem from being explored in relation to the measured phenomenon. Thus it was a recommendation of this work that this theory should be considered in more depth.

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Llerar, Meza Gerónimo. „Upscaling nonreactive solute transport“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/5848.

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This thesis focuses on solute transport upscaling. Upscaling of solute transport is usually required to obtain computationally efficient numerical models in many field applications such as, remediation of aquifers, environmental risk to groundwater resources or the design of underground repositories of nuclear waste. The non-Fickian behavior observed in the field, and manifested by peaked concentration profiles with pronounced tailing, has questioned the use of the classical advection-dispersion equation to simulate solute transport at field scale using numerical models with discretizations that cannot capture the field heterogeneity. In this context, we have investigated the use of the advection-dispersion equation with mass transfer as a tool for upscaling solute transport in a general numerical modeling framework. Solute transport by groundwater is very much affected by the presence of high and low water velocity zones, where the contaminant can be channelized or stagnant. These contrasting water velocity zones disappear in the upscaled model as soon as the scale of discretization is larger that the size of these zones. We propose, for the modeling solute transport at large scales, a phenomenological model based on the concept of memory functions, which are used to represent the unresolved processes taking place within each homogenized block in the numerical models. We propose a new method to estimate equivalent blocks, for which transport and mass transfer parameters have to be provided. The new upscaling technique consists in replacing each heterogeneous block by a homogeneous one in which the parameters associated to a memory functions are used to represent the unresolved mass exchange between highly mobile and less mobile zones occurring within the block. Flow upscaling is based on the Simple Laplacian with skin, whereas transport upscaling is based in the estimation of macrodispersion and mass transfer parameters as a result of the interpretation of the r
Llerar Meza, G. (2009). Upscaling nonreactive solute transport [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/5848
Palancia

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De, Munari Annalisa. „Removal mechanisms of organic and inorganic solutes in raw, upland drinking water by nanofiltration : influence of solute-solute and solute-membrane interactions“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7881.

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Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been applied successfully for the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants, including micropollutants, from drinking water for the past two decades. However, a complete and quantitative understanding of NF removal mechanisms has yet to be achieved. Quantifying the factors governing solute transport and retention by NF is necessary in order to achieve higher treatment efficiency at a lower cost. The aim of this research was to contribute to the current state of the knowledge of the mechanisms of solute retention and transport by NF membranes. The focus was on evaluating the contribution of solute-solute interactions and solute-membrane interactions on solute removal and transport mechanisms. To the knowledge of the author, at the start of this research there was a lack of understanding of the simultaneous impacts of both interactions on the performance of NF membranes, which renders this research novel. To highlight challenges faced by modern membrane plants and identify inorganic and organic pollutants of interest, a study of water quality in Scotland was carried out. Experiments were performed in dead-end stirred cells using two commercial NF membranes, TFC-SR2 and TFC-SR3 provided by Koch, which were extensively characterized. Radiolabeled Endosulfan (ES, 10 μg/L), manganese (5-1,500 mg/L) and Humic Acids (HA, 5-250 mgC/L) were spiked in synthetic water with background electrolyte (1 mM NaHCO3 and 20 mM NaCl). Calcium (Ca, 2.5 mM) was employed in fouling experiments. The influence of the complexation of solutes with HA on solute retention by NF was for the first time quantified for the solute concentrations employed in this study. It was found that manganese retention was influenced by membrane pore size and charge (solute-membrane interactions) and solute speciation (solute-solute interactions). Complexation of manganese and HA (solute-solute interactions) occurred at alkaline conditions but did not enhance manganese retention. At high pH manganese precipitated as solid MnCO3 and these precipitates achieved high retention (99%), even without the presence of HA. ES retention by NF membrane was controlled by size exclusion (solute-membrane interactions). For the tighter TFC-SR3, whose pore size are smaller than the size of ES, ES retention increased in the presence of HA, while for the looser TFC-SR2, whose pores are bigger than ES diameter, ES retention decreased in the presence of HA. For TFC-SR3 increase of ES retention in the presence of HA was due to size exclusion (solute-membrane interactions) and formation of ES-HA complexes (solute-solute interactions). For TFC-SR2 HA-membrane interactions were dominant with respect to solute-solute interactions, increasing membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and in turn passage of ES. The influence of pressure (5-15 bar) on ES retention in the presence of HA was systematically investigated. Results showed that ES transport through TFC-SR2 and TFC-SR3 was dominated by convection. For the tighter TFC-SR3 lower permeate flux was responsible for the increase of retention with pressure, while for the looser TFC-SR2 higher permeate flux increased concentration polarisation, decreasing retention with pressure. The presence of HA lowered the permeate flux, resulting in a less pronounced variation of retention with pressure for TFC-SR2 and in constant retention for TFC-SR3. The impact of manganese scaling on the performance of NF membranes was investigated at neutral pH. The effects of inorganic precipitates on flux and solute retention by NF have been so far scarcely studied and the impact of inorganic scaling on micropollutant retention by NF is unknown. Findings from this research indicated that manganese deposits did not foul the membranes but on the contrary enhanced their flux and prevented fouling by HA and Ca. The retention of ES, manganese and HA by membranes through which manganese was previously filtered was found to decrease with respect to solute retention by virgin membranes. Manganese filtration was shown to increase membrane MWCO and hydrophilicity. It was proposed that manganese-membrane interactions caused swelling of the membrane active layer by increasing the membrane free volume. The findings of this research indicated the importance of investigating simultaneously the impacts of solute-solute interactions and solute-membrane interactions to understand and explain transport and removal mechanisms of organic and inorganic contaminants by NF.

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Choudhury, Ankan. „Physico-chemical investigation of solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions of some compounds in non-aqueous and mixed solvent media“. Thesis, Th 541.34:C552p, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/704.

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Harrison, John. „Climatic variation, solute concentration and solute flux in meltwaters draining from an alpine glacier“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2006. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42976/.

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Cationic denudation rates in glacierised basins are considerably higher than the global mean. High specific discharge coupled with rapid dissolution of finely-divided sediment produced by glacial erosion results in high solute flux levels in rivers draining glacierised basins. As solute cc concentration varies inversely with discharge, variation with discharge of solute flux, the product of discharge and solute concentration, relates to the extent to which changes in volume of flow offset changes of concentration. Since the 1970s, in the European Alps, warming air temperatures have resulted in increases in discharge from glacierised catchments.

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Shepherd, W. J. „Solute mixing in CSO structures“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251253.

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Zhang, Le. „Neutral solute transport in cartilage“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 165 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601524361&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lekholm, Emilia. „Solute Carriers in Metabolism : Regulation of known and putative solute carriers in the central nervous system“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Funktionell farmakologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331328.

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Solute carriers (SLCs) are membrane-bound transporter proteins, important for nutrient, ion, drug and metabolite transport across membranes. A quarter of the human genome codes for membrane-bound proteins, and SLCs make up the largest group of transporter proteins. Due to their ability to transport a large repertoire of substances across, not just the plasma membrane, but also the membrane of internal organelles, they hold a key position in maintaining homeostasis affecting metabolic pathways. Unfortunately, some of the more than 400 identified SLCs are still not fully characterized, even though a quarter of these are associated with human disease. In addition, there are about 30 membrane-bound proteins with strong resemblance to SLCs, of which very little is known. The aim of this thesis is to characterize some of these putative SLCs, focusing on their localization and function in the central nervous system. Since many of the known SLCs play a vital part in metabolism and related pathways, the response to different nutritional conditions has been used as a key method. MFSD14A and MFSD14B, characterized in Paper I, are putative SLCs belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) and found to be neuronal, differentially expressed in the mouse central nervous system and transiently upregulated in mouse embryonic cortex cultures due to amino acid deprivation. They were also altered in areas of the mouse brain after starvation as well as after high fat diet. In Paper II, the effect on gene regulation due to complete amino acid starvation was monitored in a mouse hypothalamic cell line and 47 different genes belonging to SLCs, or putative SLCs, were found to be affected. Of these, 15 genes belonged to already known amino acid transporters, whereas 32 were putative SLCs with no known function or SLCs not known to react to amino acids. The three SV2 proteins, SV2A, SV2B and SV2C, were studied in Paper III using human neuroblastoma cell lines. The high metabolic state of cancers often result in an upregulation and alteration of transporter proteins, and alterations of the SV2 proteins were found following different treatments performed in this study. Paper IV focused on putative SLCs of MFS type and their role in glucose metabolism. Mouse embryonic cortex cultures were subjected to glucose starvation and the gene expression of 19 putative transporters were analyzed. All but four of the putative transporters were affected either at 3h or 12h of glucose deprivation. In conclusion, several SLCs and putative SLCs studied in this thesis are strongly affected by alteration in metabolism, either due to amino acids or glucose or both. This makes the putative SLCs dynamic membrane-bound proteins, possibly transporters, highly affected by nutritional status and most likely regulated to maintain homeostasis.

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Bücher zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Padilla, Daniel. Solute: Poems. Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich: Marick Press, 2006.

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1947-, Trudgill Stephen T., Hrsg. Solute processes. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1986.

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Yeo, Anthony, und Tim Flowers, Hrsg. Plant Solute Transport. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988862.

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R, Yeo A., und Flowers T. J, Hrsg. Plant solute transport. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2007.

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Flowers, T. J., und A. R. Yeo. Solute Transport in Plants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2270-2.

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R, Yeo A., Hrsg. Solute transport in plants. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1992.

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A, Ahmad N., und National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), Hrsg. Solute trapping and solute drag in a phase-field model of rapid solidification. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

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Linert, Wolfgang, Hrsg. Highlights in Solute-Solvent Interactions. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6151-7.

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Yu, X. Microalloy solute retention in lowcarbonaustenite. Manchester: UMIST, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Gooch, Jan W. „Solute“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 677. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10877.

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Lynch, Gordon S., David G. Harrison, Hanjoong Jo, Charles Searles, Philippe Connes, Christopher E. Kline, C. Castagna et al. „Solute“. In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 800. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_3052.

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Gooch, Jan W. „Solute“. In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 924. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14821.

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Debenedetti, Pablo G. „Solute-Solute Interactions: Theory and Simulations“. In Supercritical Fluids, 439–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8295-7_17.

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Kashani, John, Richard D. Shih, Thomas H. Cogbill, David H. Jang, Lewis S. Nelson, Mitchell M. Levy, Margaret M. Parker et al. „Solute Clearance“. In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 2094–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_327.

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Hutchinson, C. R., und Y. Brechet. „Solute Drag“. In Thermodynamics, Microstructures and Plasticity, 155–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0219-6_9.

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Anton, Josefa. „Compatible Solute“. In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 527–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_336.

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Antón, Josefa. „Compatible Solute“. In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 351–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_336.

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Rhoades, J. D., und J. D. Oster. „Solute Content“. In SSSA Book Series, 985–1006. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c42.

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Kemper, W. D. „Solute Diffusivity“. In SSSA Book Series, 1007–24. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c43.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Fresco, Anthony N. „Solute Ion Coulomb Force Monopole Motor and Solute Ion Linear Alignment Propulsion“. In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90396.

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Capacitive deionization relies on carbon aerogel or nanofoam having a surface area of 400 square meters/ gram to attract sodium and chlorine ions to the cathode and anode respectively by applying a voltage of about 1.5 VDC across the anode and cathode. By first physically isolating at least two anodes and two cathodes during charge accumulation, at least two positive monopoles and two negative monopoles are created. Positive/negative monopoles are formed by the enclosure of the cathodes/anodes by an electrically conductive material surrounding the sodium/chlorine ions. At least five or six like charged monopoles are created. At least four of the like charged monopoles (all negative or all positive) can be arranged on a disc. At least one stationary monopole of the same charge is placed adjacent to the disc and positioned so that a repulsive electric field is formed between the stationary monopole and at least one of the monopoles positioned on the disc so that the disc is then forced to rotate a shaft at the center of the disc. The Coulomb force between the monopoles is given by Coulomb’s Law, i.e., F=(k/ε)[(q1)(q2)/(r2)](1) where k = 9E+09 Newtons-meter2/coul2, q1 and q2 are the charge in coulombs, r is the distance between the charges in meters and ε = 75–81 dielectric constant assuming water between the charges (more likely air having ε = 1). Only a very small amount of charge in each monopole is required, i.e., 10 millicoulombs, (less than a milligram) to provide a force of about 44,000 Newtons (almost 10,000 lbs) if monopoles are separated by 0.5 meters (assuming this equation for Coulomb’s Law for this application is directly applicable without modification-this may not be the case). (For air, the force would be multiplied by 75–81). In a related approach, solute ions are accelerated by an electrostatic field from solute ions collected on electrodes +,-. Using an orthogonal electric field, partition electrodes are closed to capture like charged ions. Polarity is reversed via a transverse (longitudinal) electric field. Linear alignment of ions results in vector alignment of Coulomb forces to create an ion jet for propulsion or particle acceleration. The result is ionic marine propulsion and a possible ionic jet engine that obtains propulsion energy from Coulomb repulsion forces of homopolar separated charge. No combustion or jet fuel is required. Details are available in WO 2008/024927 A2 Ref. [1].

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Guymer, I., W. J. Shepherd, M. Dearing, R. Dutton und A. J. Saul. „Solute Retention in Storage Tanks“. In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)74.

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Lu, Jun, Bofeng Bai und Zhixiang Wen. „Thermosolutal Convection and Solute Segregation of Hg1−xCdxTe Alloy During the Vertical Bridgman Single Crystal Growth“. In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56294.

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The thermosolutal convection and solute segregation of Hg1-xCdxTe alloy during the vertical Bridgman single crystal growth have been numerically analyzed. Based on the thermal properties changed with the temperature and concentration, the coupling laws between temperature and solute gradients in the melt and the effects of thermosolutal convection on the solute segregation are studied in the paper. The main results obtained are as followed. Firstly, the stabilizing solute gradient will damp the convection caused by temperature gradient in the melt. But the damping effect of solute gradient will be significant only when the absolute value of the solute Rayleigh Number increases to the thermal Rayleigh Number. Secondly, when the solute gradient is large, the upper flow in the melt will be a sideway diffusive instability flow and evolve to a twocell construction. Thirdly, the solute distribution in the melt is mainly determined by the flow intensity and construction and the solute segregation near the solidification interface will be improved as the intensity of the lower flow decreases.

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Kolokolnikov, Ilya, Ekaterina Savchenko und Elena Velichko. „Spectrophotometry Setup for Solute Concentration Determination“. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eexpolytech50912.2020.9243976.

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Fu, Bingmei M., Roger H. Adamson und Fitz-Roy E. Curry. „In Vivo Measurement of Microvessel Permeability and Tissue Diffusion Coefficient in Frog Mesentery by Confocal Microscopy“. In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0599.

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Abstract Our early studies showed that tissue diffusion coefficient (Dt) of small solute sodium fluorescein (0.45 nm radius) in frog mesentery is 30% of its free diffusion coefficient (Dfree) in aqueous solution. We test here the hypothesis that because of its size-limiting structure the interstitium would provide larger resistance to larger solute α-lactalbumin (2.0 nm radius). We extended our previous method by using laser-scanning confocal microscopy to measure both solute capillary permeability (P) and solute tissue diffusion coefficients (Dt) from the rate of tissue solute accumulation and the radial concentration gradients around individually perfused microvessels in frog mesentery. pα-lactalbumin was 1.7 ± 0.7 (SD) × 10−6 cm/s (n = 6). Dt/Dfree was 27% ± 5% (SD) (n = 6). This value is comparable to that for small solute sodium fluorescein. Our results indicate that frog mesenteric interstitium is less selective to larger solute α-lactalbumin than the microvessel wall.

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San Jose Martinez, F., Y. A. Pachepsky und W. J. Rawls. „Solute Transport Simulated With the Fractional Advective-Dispersive Equation“. In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84340.

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Solute transport in soils and sediments is commonly simulated with the parabolic advective-dispersive equation, or ADE. Although the solute dispersivity in this equation is regarded as a constant, it has been found to increase with the distance from the solute source. This can be explained assuming the movement of solute particles belongs to the family of Le´vy motions. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was derived for Le´vy motions using fractional derivatives to describe the dispersion. This fractional advective-dispersive equation, or FADE, has two parameters — the fractional dispersion coefficient and the order of fractional differentiation α, 0<α≤2. Scale effects are reflected by the value of α, and the fractional dispersion coefficient is independent of scale. The ADE is a special case of the FADE. Our objectives were (a) to test applicability of the FADE to field data on solute transport in soils, and (b) to develop a numerical method to solve FADE that would assure the solute mass conservation. Analytical solutions of the FADE and the ADE were successfully fitted to the data from field experiments on chloride transport in sandy loam and bromide transport in clay loam soils. A numerical method to solve the boundary problem for FADE was proposed and tested, that uses the mass-conserving flux boundary condition. The FADE is a promising model to address the scale-dependence in solute dispersion in soils and sediments.

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Lu, Yiling, und Wen Wang. „Solute Transport in Porous Medium Under External Loads“. In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56159.

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Dynamic compression of soft tissues affects tissue mechanical properties and metabolic activities. The effect is attributed, in part, to the movement of water and solutes in extracellular matrix, which alters the mechanical (e.g. fluid shear stress) and chemical (e.g. growth factors, cytokines and hormones) microenvironments for cells in the tissue. To quantify contributions of external dynamic loads on solute transport in extracellular matrix, we have applied a poroelastic theory to calculate the deformation of the matrix and the movement of the fluid. In the simplified two-dimensional model, the solid phase represented the matrix of collagens and proteoglycans and the liquid phase represented the interstitial fluid. Deformable matrix embedded with cells was immersed in a solution inside a well with rigid, impermeable walls. On top of the matrix, solution with known solute concentration existed. Solute moved into the matrix and was consumed by cells. Mechanical cyclic loads were applied over a central area on the top surface of the matrix, causing its deformation and extracellular fluid movement. Resulting cell density in the matrix changed with the time during the loading cycle and it varied with the location in the matrix as well. Movement of the extracellular fluid coupled with solute diffusion contributed to the overall solute transport in the matrix. Effects of different loading frequencies and amplitudes were investigated. Different sized molecules were also considered in the study. Results from the model confirmed experimental findings that cyclic loads facilitated solute transport in soft tissues. The effect was more significant for large sized molecules. Special attention was given to regions of the matrix where cells would initially remain metabolically inactive due to lower than the critical value of the solute concentration. Quantitative analysis of solute concentration distribution in the matrix made it possible to predict regions where cells became activated by the improved solute supply. The fact that more cells in tissues became metabolically active under dynamic loads exemplified most directly the effect of external dynamic loads on solute transport in soft tissues.

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Zeng, Y., F. Azizi und C. H. Mastrangelo. „Behavioral modeling of solute tracking in microfluidics“. In 2009 IEEE International Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Conference (BMAS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmas.2009.5338896.

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Sciortino, Antonella, Feike J. Leij und Nobuo Toride. „Solute Transport in Dual-Permeability Porous Media“. In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.017.

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Detor, Andrew J., Michael K. Miller und Christopher A. Schuh. „Solute Distribution in Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys“. In 2006 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2006.335339.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Solute-solute"

Ahmad, N. A., A. A. Wheeler, W. J. Boettinger und G. B. McFadden. Solute trapping and solute drag in phase-field model of rapid solidification. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6156.

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Price, W. Recirculating cooling water solute depletion models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7002479.

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Simonen, E. P., J. S. Vetrano, H. L. Heinisch und S. M. Bruemmer. Defect-solute interactions near irradiation grain boundaries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120448.

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Jury, William A., und David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.

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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.

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Oinhong Hu. Pore Connectivity Effects on Solute Transport in Rocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805593.

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Zhang, Yongfeng, Daniel Schwen, Huibin Ke, Xianming Bai und Jason Hales. Mesoscale modeling of solute precipitation and radiation damage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1260885.

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Luxmoore, R. (Field-scale water and solute flux in soils). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5401810.

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Pike, L. M., C. T. Liu, I. M. Anderson und Y. A. Chang. Solute hardening and softening effects in B2 nickel aluminides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/676873.

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Rockhold, Mark L., Z. F. Zhang und Yi-Ju Bott. Scale-Dependent Solute Dispersion in Variably Saturated Porous Media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1365451.

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Tan, Lizhen, Kevin G. Field und Jeremy T. Busby. Analysis of phase transformation studies in solute addition alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1187910.

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