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Rutkin, Aviva. „Blockchain aids solar sales“. New Scientist 231, Nr. 3088 (August 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(16)31558-5.
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Teikwa, Yassin, und Chacha Magasi. „Factors affecting sales of international solar mini-grids in Tanzania mainland“. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, Nr. 1 (14.02.2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i1.1556.
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The research purpose was to investigate factors that affect Sales of International Solar Mini-Grids in Tanzania Mainland. The motivation for the study was because there was evidence of a decline in sales of International Solar Mini-Grids in Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, and Arusha regions. The study used a sample size of 70 respondents, a cross-section survey, primary data, and secondary data. The study used the mixed methods research design. Multiple linear regression was employed in quantitative data analysis with the aid of SPSS. Thematic analysis was conducted to derive themes from the qualitative data and information obtained was utilized to supplement the quantitative data. The study revealed that government policies, more specifically energy policy, significantly affect sales of International Solar Mini-Grids in Tanzania Mainland. In addition, the regulatory framework, particularly tariff, significantly affects sales of International Solar Mini-Grids. Also, customers’ purchasing tendencies were significantly affecting the sales of International Solar Mini-Grids. The findings imply that ignoring the factors affecting sales of International Solar Mini-Grids in Tanzania Mainland might worsen the power sector and solar Mini-Grids sustainability. This work recommends that to foster the sales of International Solar Mini-Grids, the government should have a suitable energy policy and regulatory framework geared to enhance the marketability of electricity and enhance customer purchase. The study contributes to knowledge by offering empirical evidence on renewable energy that will be of paramount importance to other renewable energy stakeholders.
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Marselina, Claudia. „Increasing the Brand Awareness of Sans Power’s Consumers in its Marketing Booklet“. K@ta Kita 7, Nr. 1 (28.02.2019): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.7.1.91-95.
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This paper aims at overcoming the problem faced by Sans Power by creating a marketing booklet as the solution. Sans Power is a trading company selling solar-energy products, like solar water pumps and solar panels. It offers a variety of solar water pumps based on the function, which are Submersible Solar Pump, Surface Solar Pump, and Solar Pool Pump. The main problem Sans Power is currently facing is the salespeople find it hard to explain to its customers and prospects about the uniqueness of buying Sans Power’s products. Therefore, a marketing booklet emphasizing the uniqueness of the products would be a solution. The marketing booklet will become the tool for the sales and marketing team to offer the unique benefits the customers can get. It will also make customers know more about Sans Power’s products and services, which can attract them increasing the sales. Keywords: promotion, promotional tool, marketing booklet, brand, brand awareness, unique selling point.
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Hariyantoro, Robertus Didik. „PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, KUALITAS PRODUK SOLAR WATER HEATER, HARGA, PROMOSI LANGSUNG, PROMOSI TIDAK LANGSUNG DAN AFTER SALES SERVICE TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA PT. JAYA DUTA INDONESIA“. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Almatama 1, Nr. 1 (16.03.2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58413/jmba.v1i1.238.
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Penelitian ini berjudul pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, kualitas produk solar water heater, harga, promosi langsung, promosi tidak langsung dan after sales service terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada PT. Jaya Duta Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 120 responden. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial hanya variabel kualitas pelayanan, kualitas produk dan after sales service yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen. Sedangkan variabel harga, promosi langsung dan promosi tidak langsung tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Sementara itu dari hasil uji secara simultan kualitas pelayanan, kualitas produk solar water heater, harga, promosi langsung, promosi tidak langsung dan after sales service berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen.
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Buchori, Achmad, Suwarno Widodo, Sigit Ristanto und Listya Endang Artiani. „Diseminasi Teknologi Mesin Genset Tenaga Surya Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Bencana Gunung Merapi Desa Wukirsari Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman“. Journal of Dedicators Community 3, Nr. 2 (13.08.2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdc.v3i2.811.
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The problem experienced by Wukirsari Village as one of the areas affected by the Mount Merapi disaster is the frequent occurrence of PLN power outages. To overcome this problem, the dissemination of technology products to the community aims to improve the ability of Wukirsari villagers to make natural electricity based on solar power and use solar power generator technology and be able to increase the value of sales and marketing. Outputs generated from this activity include the development of a number of group members, training in the use and maintenance of solar generator sets, training in the manufacture of solar engine generator sets, good financial management training and product sales and marketing training. This activity has resulted in: (1) solar generator products that have been carefully prepared with good results by the UPGRIS team, (2) villagers of Wukirsari are able to treat and use properly and correctly, (3) symbolic delivery to 3 residents solar power generator with capacity, 900 Watt, 1200 Watt and 1500 Watt
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Susanty, Evy. „Analisis Dampak Pemanfaatan Solar Photovoltaic Menggunakan Skema Performance Based Rental (PBR)“. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 7, Nr. 3 (03.03.2024): 2729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i3.3973.
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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dampak pemanfaatan solar photovoltaic (PV) menggunakan skema Performance Based Rental (PBR). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jakarta dengan pengambilan populasi pelanggan dari salah satu perusahaan lokal solar pv developer di Indonesia dimana terdapat 63 sampel pelanggan atau perusahaan dengan beberapa jenis industri seperti pabrik plastik, rokok, pendidikan, makanan dan minuman, otomotif dan perhotelan yang telah menggunakan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya dalam kegiatan operasinya pada tahun 2020 - 2023. Metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, data diolah menggunakan aplikasi pengolah data yaitu IBM SPSS kemudian dianalisis dengan metode Analisa Regresi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Performance Based Rental lebih menarik daripada Direct Sales dan Pendapatan yang dihasilakan dari komposisi PBR 60% dan Direct Sales 40% merupakan komposisi yang paling optimum bagi perusahaan solar PV developer di Indonesia untuk saat ini.
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Rizal, Anita. „Determinants of Value Chain Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Industry in Kathmandu Valley“. Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 1, Nr. 2 (31.08.2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v1i2.20922.
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<p>The objective of this paper is to find out key factors influencing target market of solar photovoltaic industry; and identify ways on how to reduce cost of sales in solar photovoltaic industry in Nepal. It also analyzes better ways of marketing solar photovoltaic system in current market. The conceptual model taken for this study comprises of Porter’s (1985) value chain analysis theory which has identified two sequences of activities i.e. primary and support activities. Exploratory research has been used where primary data is collected through structured questionnaire distributed among 120 individual sellers of solar photovoltaic system inside Kathmandu valley. The data collected are analyzed using SPSS 16.0 which is coded and tabulated by Microsoft Excel spreadsheet application.</p><p>The result of the analysis of the data shows that factors influencing value chain of solar PV industry are infrastructure (mostly furniture, workshop, showroom, capital and human resources in less number) needed to set up a company, imported from different countries, distribution channel, subsidy claim, marketing medium and after sales service. Few companies import huge quantity of solar related products. Most of the companies targeting direct customer don't claim subsidy directly rather they claim via other pre-qualified companies. Also these companies consider radio advertisement to reach customers at large rather than any other medium of marketing. These companies value warranty and repair & maintenance services as an after sales service. Although few of the solar photovoltaic systems are manufactured in Nepal, they prefer to import these items rather than promote Nepal made products. Thus, these factors have created value from import to service to the customers.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 153-168</p>
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Vasilkovskiy, Artem. „A hybrid power plant for cost-effective electric power supply to substations for their own needs“. Energy Systems 5, Nr. 1 (25.11.2020): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/es.2020.1.027.
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This article has examined the project for implementation of a hybrid power plant based on solar panels and fuel cells, showed its advantages and functional diagram. The article also has analyzed sales markets for a hybrid power plant based on solar panels and fuel cells, identified competitive advantages, developed structure, and suggested operating principles of the hybrid power plant.
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Nugroho, Eko Adi, Suhanan Suhanan und Rochim Bakti Cahyono. „Study on The Design of Solar-Wind Energy System to Reduce The Use of Gas Fuel in The Southeast Sumatra Block“. Journal of Sosial Science 3, Nr. 4 (25.07.2022): 730–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i4.371.
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The Southeast Sumatra block produces oil and gas. Natural gas production of 15,300 MSCF is used as fuel for turbine generators to generate 38 MW of electrical energy, while the rest is used as business products. The application of the solar-wind system can reduce the load on the turbine generator so that gas fuel consumption is also reduced. Five platforms have areas that can be utilized for a solar-wind system. This study aims to determine the amount of gas fuel consumption that can be reduced by the solar-wind system application. The method is simulation using the HOMER software to determine the amount of electrical energy that can be supplied and the costs required by the solar-wind system. The components used are found in the HOMER software and on the market. The simulation results show that the off-grid solar-wind system can provide electricity supply of 50,235 kWh per year and reduce gas fuel consumption by 20,094 MSCF per year. The on-grid solar-wind system can provide electricity supply of up to 81,230 kWh per year and reducing the use of gas fuel by 32,492 MSCF per year. The off-grid solar-wind system will increase gas sales by $132,620 per year with NPV>0 and ROI 21%, while the on-grid system will increase gas sales by $214,447 per year with NPV>0 and ROI 57%. Both models of solar-wind systems have positive economic values so that they are feasible to implement
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Chavan, Anupamaa, und Madhav Welling. „INVESTIGATING THE FACTORS IMPACTING THE ADOPTION OF SOLAR WATER HEATERS AMONG THE RESIDENTS OF COOPERATIVE HOUSING SOCIETIES- STUDY CONDUCTED IN CITIES OF INDIA“. International Journal of Advanced Research 10, Nr. 09 (30.09.2022): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15379.
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According to U. S. Energy Department, water heating accounts for about 18% to 25% of household energy consumption. World today faces energy security problems due to its demand and supply disruptions. Using solar energy for water heating becomes a good option. Solar energy is renewable, clean and green thus its usage helps in sustainable development. This research paper tries to identify the factors impacting the adoption of solar water heaters among the residents of Cooperative Housing Societies (CHSs) in six cities of India these factors will help the manufacturers/suppliers of solar water heaters to frame marketing strategies for adoption and augmenting the sales of these products.
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Wu, Kuo-Yang, Tzu-Ching Tai, Bo-Hong Li und Cheng-Chien Kuo. „Dynamic Energy Management Strategy of a Solar-and-Energy Storage-Integrated Smart Charging Station“. Applied Sciences 14, Nr. 3 (31.01.2024): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031188.
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Under net-zero objectives, the development of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure on a densely populated island can be achieved by repurposing existing facilities, such as rooftops of wholesale stores and parking areas, into charging stations to accelerate transport electrification. For facility owners, this transformation could enable the showcasing of carbon reduction efforts through the self-use of renewable energy while simultaneously gaining charging revenue. In this paper, we propose a dynamic energy management system (EMS) for a solar-and-energy storage-integrated charging station, taking into consideration EV charging demand, solar power generation, status of energy storage system (ESS), contract capacity, and the electricity price of EV charging in real-time to optimize economic efficiency, based on a real-world situation in Taiwan. This study confirms the benefits of ESS in contracted capacity management, peak shaving, valley filling, and price arbitrage. The result shows that the incorporation of dynamic EMS with solar-and-energy storage-integrated charging stations effectively reduces electricity costs and the required electricity contract capacity. Moreover, it leads to an augmentation in the overall operational profitability of the charging station. This increase contains not only the revenue generated from electricity sales at the charging station but also the additional income from surplus solar energy sales. From a comprehensive cost–benefit perspective, introducing this solar-and-energy storage-integrated EMS can increase facility owners’ net income by 1.25 times compared to merely installing charging infrastructure.
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Ko, Hyung-Do, Jeong-In Kim und Kyoung-Jin Ahn. „Analyzing of Solar Power Generation Cost-Benefit Using Idle Sites(Parking Lot & Rooftop): Focusing on Environmental Benefit and Social Benefit“. Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.2.202206.139.
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Purpose This study aims to analyzing of solar power generation cost-benefit. Design/methodology/approach - We analyzed whether there is economic feasibility by selecting parking lots and idle sites located in four areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang areas nationwide, and analyzing site conditions and installation capacity. Findings - According to the results of the analysis, it was found that there is low profitability in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong regions, where the solar radiation was not excellent even if REC is selected through the contract market. However, it is necessary to analyzed the economical validity the profitable validity including environmental benefits (greenhouse gas reduction, NOx, SOx reduction effect) and social benefits (renewable power supply) that is analyzed by income and operating costs which is occurred from electricity sales and REC sales when installing solar power generation facilities. Research implications or Originality - In this study, economic feasibility was evaluated additionally in consideration of environmental and social benefits. In conclusion, it was shown that businesses are not economical when considering only simple financial aspects are also sufficiently economical when it is considering environmental and social benefits.
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Arellano-Escudero, Nelson Alejandro. „La Cosecha de Sales en Atacama con Energía Solar: el Suelo del Desierto que Fertilizó los Suelos del Mundo (1948-1990)“. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 12, Nr. 2 (16.08.2022): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p253-278.
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El uso intensivo de energía solar a través de pozas de evaporación para la cristalización fraccionaria de sales ya era investigada en 1933, pero fue en 1948 cuando comenzó su etapa industrial. La cosecha de sales de Magnesio y Potasio fue el punto de partida en la contribución a la revolución verde. Los archivos de la Compañía de Salitres Anglo Lautaro establecen los nexos del negocio entre el Desierto de Atacama y el mundo. El recorrido analítico utiliza una aproximación transfronteriza desde la historia eco-económica de Julia Thomas y evidencia los mitos acerca de la relación entre Energía y Civilización, lo que nos permite mirar las sales del desierto en su condición de hiperobjeto en las escalas intersectadas del antropoceno. Ratificamos así que las tesis de la innovación de David Edgerton ayudan a precisar los factores culturales que intervienen en los procesos co-evolutivos de la tecnología según Basalla y que no siempre la técnica elegida es la más conveniente.
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Idahor, K. O. „Organoleptic properties and shelf-lives of differently dried fowl eggs“. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, Nr. 1 (28.07.2021): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.14.
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Poultry eggs are perishable, hence could lose their quality rapidly between storage and consumption. Maintaining fresh quality is a major problem which is aggravated by temperature, humidity, storage method and time. Several methods of altering these environmental conditions to prolong the shelf-life of the eggs have been reported, yet little is known about kiln, solar and oven methods of drying boiled fowl eggs. This study was targeted at creating awareness, evaluating the organoleptic properties and determining the shelf-life of kiln-, solar- and oven-dried fowl eggs, stored under different environmental conditions. A total of 160 Isa brown freshly laid eggs were obtained and weighed, and were divided into four different groups of 40 eggs each, designated as control, kiln-, solar- and oven-dried. The eggs were boiled for 30 minutes and dried at 100 – 120oC overnight (kiln dried), 45 – 50oC for 5 days (solar dried) and 100oC for 24 hours (oven dried), but those in the control group were not dried. Panelists were used in obtaining information on awareness of fowl eggs drying/drying methods and organoleptic evaluation. Twenty-seven eggs each from the control, kiln-, solar- and oven-dried groups were kept in locally fabricated egg packs and stored for 30 days in a sales outlet, deep freezer and kitchen for shelf-life determination. Results showed that egg weight loss was highest (52.3%) in the kiln-dried, followed by oven-dried (38.9%), solar-dried (27.4%) and control (20.6%) groups. All the panelists (100%) were aware of the different forms of storing boiled fowl eggs and have eaten fowl eggs in different forms, but none (0.0%) was aware of kiln, solar and oven method of drying fowl eggs, or has eaten kiln-, solar- and oven-dried fowl eggs before then. Some of the panelists liked the appearance, taste, aroma, mouth feel, after-taste and overall acceptability of the dried eggs. All (100%) of the eggs in the sales outlet spoilt, but none (0.0%) among the dried eggs stored in the deep freezer was spoilt. In the kitchen, all the control eggs (100%), 22.2% (kiln dried), 88.9% (solar dried) and 66.7% (oven dried) spoilt. Kiln- and oven-dried eggs had more water loss, apparently implying better effectiveness of the drying methods. Therefore, fowl eggs could be boiled, dried and refrigerated to elongate their shelf-lives.
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Gupta, Kartik, Puneet Bhatia und Rishabh Dua. „Demand Forecasting, Economic Order Quantity and Inventory Costs Calculation of a Company Producing Solar Panels“. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, Nr. 2 (2016): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.421615.
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Forecasting accuracy drives the performance of inventory management. This study involves forecasting the sales of PV modules of a solar panel manufacturing company by demand forecasting methods including regression and exponential smoothing models. Demand forecasted is used to control inventory, minimize cost of ordering and holding inventory. The model should propose a viable economic order quantity which reduces the total cost of the plan.
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Prokopenko, Olha, Oleksandr Telizhenko, Yevhen Kovalenko, Svitlana Lytvynenko, Tetiana Nych und Andrii Kovalskyi. „Promising Directions of Increasing Energy Efficiency and Development of Green Energy in the Household Sector of Ukraine“. RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' 13, Nr. 2 (Januar 2024): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2023-002007.
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The article aims to highlight energy efficiency improvements in Ukraine's household sector through green energy adoption. Utilizing graphical, analytical, and predictive methods, including polynomial regression, the study analyzed data from 2014 to 2022 on generation, consumption of renewable energy sources (RES), and renewable energy tariffs. The research spanned 8 quarters and identified solar power as the favored RES choice among households due to attractive tariffs and easy installation. Projections suggest a biennial doubling of plant numbers and capacity, leading to increased household income from solar energy sales. These findings encourage further exploration of payback periods and economic viability for diverse RES options across Ukrainian regions.
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Ahenkan, Albert, Abdul-Washeru Alhassan und Emmanuel Kwesi Boon. „Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development: An Assessment of Solar Energy Adoption among SMEs in the City of Accra, Ghana“. African Journal of Management Research 28, Nr. 1 (06.06.2022): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajmr.v28i1.5.
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Energy demand continues to drive sustainable development in all countries of the world. As Ghana is accelerating her transition to a low carbon economy, this paper aims to investigate the nature, opportunities and challenges of the solar energy market in the City of Accra. This paper used a qualitative inquiry approach to investigate the solar energy market development in Accra. The Ghana Government’s policy framework for achieving sustainable energy in the country as well as the emerging opportunities and barriers relating to market development of this energy sub-sector in Accra are analysed. The paper found that inadequate institutional and service-provider’s financial support, after-sales technical support, limited consumer credit facilities, a dearth of public education and general awareness among the public about solar energy technology remain important barriers to solar energy development in Accra. In addition, the Net Metering policy dissonance constitutes a critical barrier to solar energy transition and market development in the city. In conclusion, government programming and increasing industrial sector participation will provide a vital catalyst for the development of the solar energy sub-sector and market in Accra.
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Bhandari, Dansi Ram, und Govinda Jnawali. „Household Customers’ Satisfaction towards Solar Energy in Rupandehi District“. Butwal Campus Journal 6, Nr. 1 (31.12.2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bcj.v6i1.62950.
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This paper aims to evaluate household customer satisfaction towards solar energy in Rupandehi district, Nepal. In order to address research issues, the study used questionnaire survey among 105 respondents during February to April, 2023. Multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate household customers’ satisfaction based on characteristics of the product, customer services, contribution of the product and government support criteria. The research results showed that characteristics of the solar panel product (efficiency, durability convenient to use, price and quality) are highly concerning satisfaction criterion. Based on the results obtained of this study, it is concluded that there are high opportunities to manufacturers and solar panel service providers to keep their household customers satisfied by providing effective after sales service. Although, contribution of the solar panel energy towards energy needs of household customers is the less concerning criterion. There is large area for expansion to be made to increase solar energy market through the proper government initiation. The main implication of this study is that manufacturers should attention while designing, pricing and producing solar energy products to satisfy their customers for a long time. The results obtained may be useful to solar panel manufacturers, service providers, government authorities and researchers.
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Chimote, Niraj Kishore, und Aaditya Anil Srivastava. „Credit Risk Modelling for Assessing Creditworthiness for Homeowners Who Can Avail Solar on Finance at Peacock Solar, Gurugram“. International Review of Business and Economics 5, Nr. 1 (2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2021.5.1.5.
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Peacock Solar is a household solar installation company based in Gurugram, Haryana. It provides hassle free installation of solar power. In an era of rising demand for renewable energy, solar power is seen as a future of energy. The markets are becoming more competitive as better technologies increase the efficiency and lower the cost of solar power. In India, solar power is in its nascent stage of development and being price sensitive markets, cost remains the bottom line of competition. The present study is an attempt to showcase the strategy adopted by Peacock solar to enhance its sales by making solar available on finance.” The objective of this research paper is come up with a model that anticipates the probability associated with default for homeowner who avails solar on finance. The next objective is to develop a scorecard that represents this probability of default in form of credit score for enhanced understanding and decision making. By making solar available on finance, the company aims to overcome its price related hindrances. The methodology used for development of credit risk model is Logistic Regression as it is one of the best techniques for predicting a binary outcome (will default or will not default). This is followed by a technique for scorecard development. It can then be concluded that credit risk can be reduced to a considerable extent if correct analytical methodologies are put in place which will bring down the default rates on credit.
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Ansori, Aris, I. Made Arsana, Indra Herlamba Siregar, Priyo Heru Adiwibowo und Subuh Isnur Haryuda. „TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TRIANGULAR ROOFTOP SOLAR PV MODEL/PLN ON-GRID HOUSEHOLD SCALE IN INDONESIA“. ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, Nr. 4 (24.10.2023): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.19858.
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The use of solar PV as an alternative to fulfill household-scale electricity needs has begun to be widely developed. However, the problem of investment costs and the location of solar PV placement for household scale is still a challenge in its implementation. The construction model of rooftop solar PV can affect the investment cost and performance of solar PV. In this paper, the triangle model of rooftop solar PV on grid with PLN (PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara) electricity network is studied in terms of technology and economics to determine the feasibility of implementing 900 VA household-scale power plants. Testing the application of solar PV technology under solar radiation conditions in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia as a case study. Calculation of electricity production, energy savings, energy sales, and energy purchases to determine technological feasibility as well Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP) to determine the level of economic feasibility. The results of the research of 1,5 KWP (kilowatt peak) solar PV technology on a household scale are able to meet energy needs and reduce PLN electricity purchases to 0% and can sell electrical energy by 13.96% / year of the total electrical energy produced. In addition, the NPV, BCR with a value greater than zero, and PP of 8.6 is less than 15 years which is the service life of solar PV, so solar PV/ PLN on grid is feasible to be implemented for household scale power generation models.
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Macêdo, Kleber Gomes de, Joaquim Branco Oliveira, Francisco Dirceu Duarte Arraes, Wesley Livio Viana Torres und Juarez Cassiano Lima Junior. „NOTA TÉCNICA: ESTIMATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR GLOBAL COM DADOS DE TEMPERATURA DO AR EM SEIS CIDADES DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ“. REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 24, Nr. 1 (04.05.2016): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v24i1.612.
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A radiação solar global é uma das principais fontes de energia nos processos físicos, químicos e biológicos, podendo ser medida por instrumentos como os radiômetros, actinógrafos bimetálicos e piranômetros. Porém, tais equipamentos de medição da radiação solar não estão disponíveis na maioria dos locais. Nestas condições, valores estimados podem ser obtidos com o uso de modelos matemáticos que utilizam apenas dados temperatura do ar. Dito isto, objetivouse, com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho de modelos de estimativa da radiação solar global, utilizando dados de temperatura máxima e mínima do ar, para as cidades de Barbalha, Campo Sales, Crateús, Jaguaribe, Iguatu e Quixeramobim no estado do Ceará. Foram utilizados dados de radiação solar global e temperatura máxima e mínima do ar obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. O desempenho dos modelos foi avaliado segundo os índices estatísticos erro padrão de estimativa, erro médio e porcentagem de erro. Com os menores valores de erro, as melhores estimativas da radiação solar foram obtidas utilizando-se os modelos de Hargreaves e Samani modificado por Richardson e de Ball et al. Já os piores resultados foram obtidos utilizando-se os modelos de Donatelli e Campbell e de Hargreaves e Samani.
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Fairuz, Riadhi, Eko Adhi Setiawan und Ikhsan Hernanda. „Mapping and Analysis of Initial cost Against Levelized Cost of Energy for Residential PV Rooftoop in Indonesia“. E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186701024.
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Future electricity tariffs are expected to increase. To overcome this condition, arise the idea how the residential can generate its own electricity by exploiting the potential of solar energy. However, there are some constraints in its implementation due to the difference of the initial cost and sales from solar PV systems in various region of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of initial cost on the levelized cost of energy from the system. This study uses the calculation of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) and economic feasibility analysis through the calculation of net present value with net metering scheme. Manado is the most optimal city to implement this system. The initial cost will affect to the LCoE, the high initial cost can be covered by the amount of cash flow generated by the system which has huge solar irradiation potentials.
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Shekata, G. D., G. S. Tibba und A. T. Baheta. „Review of recent advancement in performance, and thermal energy storage studies on indirect solar dryers for agricultural products.“ IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1294, Nr. 1 (01.12.2023): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1294/1/012061.
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Abstract Efficient drying methods and post-harvest processes are crucial to reduce waste in fruits, vegetables, and agricultural products. Factors like moisture-related deterioration, climate change, mishandling, delayed shipping, improper storage, and sales delays contribute to post-harvest losses and quality degradation. Solar dryers, especially indirect-type solar dryers, provide a practical and environmentally friendly way to preserve these goods. In comparison to other types of solar dryers, indirect-type dryers have a number of advantages. This review focuses on evaluating the performance of different configurations of Indirect-type solar dryers in terms of drying time, maximum air temperature, drying efficiency for collectors, and overall dryer efficiency. The influence of various operating conditions on the thermal efficiency of Indirect-type solar dryers is also investigated. The study provides detailed information on the sensible and latent storage units and materials used in Indirect-type solar dryers, including those operating through natural or forced convection. The review also explores the utilization of advanced technologies, such as desiccant systems, recycling processes, the use of Nano fluids and nanoparticles, and thermal energy storage, to enhance the thermal performance of solar dryers. Additionally, the paper examines potential difficulties and suggestions for selecting, using, and testing thermal storage for indirect-type solar dryers. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive examination of indirect-type solar dryers, and their performance. It highlights the potential for improving drying efficiency through the integration of advanced technologies and thermal energy storage.
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Fanney, A. H., B. P. Dougherty und K. P. Kramp. „Field Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating Systems“. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, Nr. 4 (01.11.1997): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888031.
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Energy consumed for water heating accounts for approximately 17.9 EJ of the energy consumed by residential and commercial buildings. Although there are over 90 million water heaters currently in use within the United States (Zogg and Barbour, 1996), durability and installation issues as well as initial cost have limited the sales of solar water heaters to less than 1 million units. Durability issues have included freeze and fluid leakage problems, failure of pumps and their associated controllers, the loss of heat transfer fluids under stagnation conditions, and heat exchanger fouling. The installation of solar water heating systems has often proved difficult, requiring roof penetrations for the piping that transports fluid to and from the solar collectors. Fanney and Dougherty have recently proposed and patented a solar water heating system that eliminates the durability and installation problems associated with current solar water heating systems. The system employs photovoltaic modules to generate electrical energy which is dissipated in multiple electric heating elements. A microprocessor controller is used to match the electrical resistance of the load to the operating characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. Although currently more expensive than existing solar hot water systems, photovoltaic solar water heaters offer the promise of being less expensive than solar thermal systems within the next decade. To date, photovoltaic solar water heating systems have been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD and the Florida Solar Energy Center in Cocoa, FL. This paper will review the technology employed, describe the two photovoltaic solar water heating systems, and present measured performance data.
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Yuan, Wenzhao, Wengfeng Wang und Jinsong Liu. „Study on the Equivalent Conversion and Utilisation Model of Solar Energy and its Benefits“. E3S Web of Conferences 520 (2024): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452003009.
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Relying on the energy local area network (LAN), we study the equivalent conversion relationship between different “energy qualities” in the process of solar energy conversion and utilisation and its benefit model. Considering the impact of load demand characteristics and current energy consumption price factors on solar energy utilization, a multi-objective optimization model of solar energy conversion and utilization is constructed with the goals of maximizing solar energy utilization and maximizing the comprehensive benefits of system operation; then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm with quantum behaviour is used to optimize and solve the model, and a comparative analysis is carried out with the traditional single-energy supply mode. The results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the comprehensive utilisation and consumption of solar energy by the energy consumption system, and achieve higher energy sales benefits. Therefore, with the help of energy storage technology, the fluctuation and intermittency of the solar PV system output can be suppressed, and flexible grid connection can be realised, so as to enhance the grid-connected capacity of solar energy; at the same time, higher economic benefits can be obtained with the help of optimisation, coordination and control system operation. Optimised control of solar PV power generation systems under different scenarios ensures the safety and stability of the system’s power output and improves the grid-connected capability of solar PV power generation systems. The validity and feasibility of the proposed model and its operation mode are verified, providing a new idea for the development and utilisation of large-scale solar energy.
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Wang, Hengtian, Xiaolong Yang, Xinxin Xu und Liu Fei. „Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis“. Energies 14, Nr. 11 (25.05.2021): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113061.
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China has experienced rapid social and economic development in the past 40 years. However, excessive consumption of fossil fuel energy has caused an energy shortage and led to severe environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable development, China is striving to transform its growth mode. Adopting renewable energy (RE) including solar photovoltaic (PV) power is an effective measure. How to promote the further development of solar PV power under the scenario of China’s aspirational target of carbon peak by 2030 and 20% RE ratio in the energy mix remains a theme that need to be addressed. This paper analyzes the potential opportunities and challenges confronting solar PV power in China. The analysis covers the dimensions of political, economic, social, and technological (PEST). The results revealed a significant prospect for the further deployment of solar PV power in the coming decades. The aggressive estimated installed capacity of solar PV power is expected to reach 80+ GW annually. To successfully achieve the goal of 80+ GW, barriers that hinder the further development of solar PV power have to be eliminated. Suggestions for policymakers include maintaining enforceability and continuity of policies, favorable financial supports, mandatory RE quotas for all parties, and supporting fundamental R&D. Suggestions for the solar PV industry include full utilization of integrated applications, set up an after-sales service network, collaborative innovation among the industry chain, and engaging in storage and hydrogen technology. The findings are greatly beneficial for policymakers and the solar PV industry.
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Habanabakize, Thomas, und Zandri Dickason-Koekemoer. „Assessing the Significance of Electricity Supply, Inflation and Fuel Price on Food and Beverage Production and Sales in the Manufacturing Sector“. African Journal of Business and Economic Research 16, Nr. 4 (15.12.2021): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2021/v16n4a7.
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The manufacturing sector occupies a critical position in the South African economy. However, in recent decades, this sector has experienced significant changes due to the country’s economic fluctuations. The sector’s challenges include electricity distribution, growing inflation rate and commodities price instability. This study assessed the effects of electricity supply, inflation and fuel prices on food and beverage production and sales in the manufacturing sector. To this end, it applied different econometric approaches — the Johansen test for cointegration, vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test — on monthly time series data ranging from January 2002 to December 2019. The study’s findings suggest the existence of a joint long-run relationship between electricity distribution, inflation rate, fuel price, production and sales of both food and beverages within the manufacturing sector. The result also indicated that both electricity supply and inflation highly impact food and beverage sales production compared to the effect of petrol price. Furthermore, Granger causality results have shown that inflation rate can predict short-term production and sales of food and beverages in the manufacturing sector. Given the aforementioned findings, the study suggested a reduction in petrol prices and the introduction of new policies to control the inflation rate. Additionally, besides the government support for electricity production in Eskom, more effort and resources (financial) should be allocated to generate and improve other sources of energy such as solar, wind, gas and biogas.
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Deviarti, Holly, und Melati Ayu. „Analisis Cost Volume Profit sebagai Alat Bantu Manajemen dalam Rangka Perencanaan Laba dengan Penerapan Teori Kendala pada PT Skylite Surya Internusa“. Binus Business Review 2, Nr. 1 (30.05.2011): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v2i1.1160.
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PT Skylite Solar Internusa is an industrial company that produces the houses lights and panel box. The purpose of this study is to help companies classify costs according to the behavior of costs, determine the calculation of the break event point of multiproduct, profit planning, and to overcome the constraints that occured in the company. The authors obtained data directly to the company's research and interviews with relevant parties, such as the production and the accounting department. The increase in profit in the fiscal year period 2009 due to demand for homes increased light and panel box. It can be concluded that the application of Cost-Volume-Profit analysis by using the break event point multiproduct can help management to determine how much sales volume may decline from the volume of sales is budgeted by the company and the company can make profit plan in 2010.
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Korsten, N., A. C. Brent, B. Sebitosi und K. Kritzinger. „The impact of residential rooftop solar PV on municipal finances: An analysis of Stellenbosch“. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28, Nr. 2 (23.06.2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a1740.
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Electricity utilities throughout the world are responding to the increased uptake of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) in the household sector. Although the increase of decentralised solar PV is seen as progressive for sustainable development, it is not without financial implications for electricity utilities. There is a concern in South Africa that allowing rooftop solar PV connection to the grid will reduce electricity sales for local governments and thus their revenue streams from electricity. An investigation was carried out to examine the financial impact that increasing installations of grid-connected rooftop PV at a household level might have on local governments in South Africa. Stellenbosch Municipality was used as a case study, and two different approaches were used. The first considered the maximum grid capacity for distributed generation, as determined by the South African grid standards. The second was based on individual households that would gain the most financial benefit from investing in rooftop PV. The outcome indicated a financial reduction in total electricity revenue of 0.6–2.4% depending on the approach followed. A fixed monthly charge of about R363 would counter these potential financial loses, but entail a disincentive for households to invest in solar PV installations.
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Reyes-Mercado, Pável, und Rajagopal. „Ren–Er Co: how to be successful with marketing plan“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 2, Nr. 8 (17.10.2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621211291833.
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Subject area Marketing. Study level/applicability The case study is intended for undergraduate students pursuing grades in business, management, environmental, and sustainability areas. It can be used in marketing, entrepreneurship, market research and sales management courses. Case overview This case deals with the events surrounding the sales patterns and the marketing practices at a firm that commercializes clean energy equipment, specifically, solar water boilers. Ren-Er Co was founded by Mr Vega and Mr Flores two year ago in a mid-sized city close to Mexico City. At first everything seemed to be going well but as time went by, sales were not reaching the stated objective. In a meeting called by Mr Vega to address this issue many ideas were delivered. Above all, Mr Vega had to collect all relevant information to design a feasible marketing plan that allows the firm to revamp its precarious competitive position. He needed to convince Mr Flores, his partner, to continue operations instead of getting out of the market. Expected learning outcomes These include: enhanced ability to perform marketing analysis; development of alternative approaches to selling and marketing problems; development of effective marketing campaigns. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available; contact your librarian for access.
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Robisson, Bruno, Sylvain Guillemin, Laurie Marchadier, Gérald Vignal und Alexandre Mignonac. „Solar Charging of Electric Vehicles: Experimental Results“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 9 (29.04.2022): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094523.
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Sales of electric vehicles, for commercial use and personal use, keep rising. In parallel of the development of the associated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure (EVCI), systems for controlling the charging of EVs will have to be developed in order to reduce the impact of such a development on the power grid. In this paper, we present a supervision system that controls the electric vehicle charging of employees of CEA Cadarache research center. The EVCI of Cadarache, set up in 2016, is constituted of more than 80 22-kW AC charging points spread over 30 zones. This EVCI currently supplies more than 376 vehicles including taxis, service vehicles as well as employees’ vehicles. This infrastructure is one of the largest private EVCIs in the region. The supervision system controls Electric Vehicle (EV) charging in real-time according to two objectives: respecting user preferences, by fully charging the EV battery, and synchronizing the power consumption of a fraction of the EVCI, i.e., 24 charging points, with the power production of a solar photovoltaic plant. This paper details the supervision system that is used to carry out these experiments and presents experimental results. These results show that it is technically feasible to increase (up to 60 percentage points) the self-production ratio while satisfying EV users.
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Samsurizal, Samsurizal, Rio Afrianda und Andi Makkulau. „Optimizing the Potential of Solar Energy PT PJB UP Muara Karang Rooftop Area Using HelioScope“. ELKHA 14, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v14i1.49910.
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Year after year, there has been a rise in use of electrical power. The industrial, home, commercial, and public sectors accounted for 234,617.88 GWh of PLN's electrical energy sales in 2018. Meanwhile, the household, industrial, commercial, social sector, government office buildings, and public street lighting consumed 2,857.06 GWh of electrical energy in DKI Jakarta. The majority of the energy resources required by interconnected networks are fossil (coal). As a result, a future alternative to fossil fuels is required. Optimizing solar energy that may be employed in urban settings is one of the uses of renewable energy. The building sector consumes up to 40% of the total annual energy. By installing a renewable energy system on the roof of PT PJB Muara Karang power plant unit. The solar power plant energy potential on the roof of PT PJB UP Muara Karang administration building was simulated with HelioScope and using Quantitative Descriptive Method to maximize the rooftop area by installing 143 solar panel modules. which is capable of supplying 75.11 percent of the energy needs at PT. PJB UP Muara Karang.
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Pina, Eduardo A., Luis M. Serra, Miguel A. Lozano, Adrián Hernández und Ana Lázaro. „Comparative Analysis and Design of a Solar-Based Parabolic Trough–ORC Cogeneration Plant for a Commercial Center“. Energies 13, Nr. 18 (14.09.2020): 4807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184807.
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This paper performs technical, economic and environmental feasibility analyses of two different solar cogeneration plants, consisting of a solar system (a parabolic trough collector field coupled with thermal energy storage), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and mechanical chillers, that should cover the electrical and cooling demands of a commercial center located in Zaragoza (Spain). System A is hybridized with an auxiliary biomass boiler that complements the solar system’s thermal production, providing a constant heat supply to the ORC, which operates at full load during the operating hours of the solar system. In contrast, system B is not hybridized with biomass, so the ORC is fully driven by the solar system, operating at partial load according to the solar resource availability. Both systems are connected to the electrical grid, allowing electricity purchases and sales when needed. The design procedure involves the sizing of the equipment as well as the modelling of the hourly behavior of each system throughout the year. The physical analysis is complemented by an economic assessment, which considers investment and variable costs, as well as an estimate of the significant environmental benefits of the proposed plants. The solar plants are compared to a conventional system in which all the electrical consumption is covered with electricity purchased from the grid. The costs of the electricity produced by systems A and B are estimated at 0.2030 EUR/kWh and 0.1458 EUR/kWh, which are about 49% and 7% higher than the electricity purchase price in Spain (0.1363 EUR/kWh). These results indicate that while none of the solar plants are presently competitive with the conventional system, system B (without biomass hybridization) is actually closer to economic feasibility in the short and medium term than system A (with biomass hybridization).
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Huang, Yongyi, Ryuto Shigenobu, Atsushi Yona, Paras Mandal, Zengfeng Yan und Tomonobu Senjyu. „M-Shape PV Arrangement for Improving Solar Power Generation Efficiency“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (10.01.2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020537.
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This paper presents a novel design scheme to reshape the solar panel configuration and hence improve power generation efficiency via changing the traditional PVpanel arrangement. Compared to the standard PV arrangement, which is the S-shape, the proposed M-shape PV arrangement shows better performance advantages. The sky isotropic model was used to calculate the annual solar radiation of each azimuth and tilt angle for the six regions which have different latitudes in Asia—Thailand (Bangkok), China (Hong Kong), Japan (Naha), Korea (Jeju), China (Shenyang), and Mongolia (Darkhan). The optimal angle of the two types of design was found. It emerged that the optimal tilt angle of the M-shape tends to 0. The two types of design efficiencies were compared using Naha’s geographical location and sunshine conditions. Through economic analyses, both the photovoltaic base cost and the electricity sales revenue were calculated, and the results showed that the M-shape has better economic benefits compared to the S-shape design. The proposed method can save resources and improve economic efficiency as well.
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Samoilenko, Nataliia, Vadym Katenin und Antonina Baranova. „PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANELS“. Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, Nr. 2(8) (15.06.2021): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.02.17.
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The steady tendency of increasing the installed capacity of solar power plants, which is accompanied by the gradual accumulation of solar panel waste, is analyzed. The main factors of negative impact on the environment and directly on human health from the production of solar photovoltaic panels and waste of these panels are identified. The scenarios of solar photovoltaic panels waste accumulation are analyzed, the specifics of waste generation and accumulation in the present and in the future are characterized. Taking into account the average service life of solar photovoltaic panels in 25 years, it is determined that the amount of waste will increase significantly in the period of 2030…2035, reaching a peak between 2040 and 2050. The type and composition of photovoltaic panels, which determine the essence of waste processing technology, are characterized. It is defined that today most research on waste recycling of solar photovoltaic panels focuses on the first generation of modules, which is associated with the scale of operation of these panels and sales markets. It was found that at present, the production of solar photovoltaic panels, which consumes primary natural materials, is characterized by nature intensity, and direct waste processing cannot meet the needs of the photovoltaic modules production. The objective necessity of carrying out large-scale extraction of minerals and use of precious metals before the period of highly efficient processing of waste solar photovoltaic panels, which would meet the demands of production, is substantiated. Modern tendencies in technological researches and developments of secondary processing of photovoltaic modules are considered. It is determined that as the volume of solar photovoltaic panels production and waste generation increases, the requirements for ensuring the environmental efficiency of waste processing and disposal technologies should be more stringent. This involves increasing the recycling degree of the waste’s main components, starting from 80…90 % and to the highest possible level. It is determined that at the same time with this tendency, it is expedient to develop technologies for recycling of non-recyclable parts of waste at present.
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Santoso, Asfari Hariz, Ahmad Hermawan und Muhammad Azam Wian Panantuan. „Studi Perencanaan Penerangan Jalan Umum Panel Surya di Kelurahan Gading Kasri Kecamatan Klojen“. ELPOSYS: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan 8, Nr. 1 (27.02.2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v8i1.29.
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Malang City is a city that has an increasing need for electrical energy in the technological era, which today is very much needed in fulfilling daily life, both for household, social and industrial needs. One of them is the supply of electrical energy for Public Street Lighting (PJU). If you only rely on the supply of electrical energy from grid, this is a heavy burden that must be borne by the Malang City Regional Budget to pay the electric energy consumption bill for the PJU. This study aims to determine the comparison of the use of conventional PJU with solar powered PJU (PJUTS) in the area of Gading Kasri Village, Klojen District, Malang City both in terms of technical installations which include solar panels, batteries, and charger controllers as well as from an economic point of view. That shines for 5 hours every day, the solar panel power specifications are 240 Wp with 37 points of light. Budget calculations using the ACS (Annual cost system) which is obtained in the 16th year the difference from the initial investment costs and revenue from sales met at BEP (break event point) amounting to Rp. 256,761,376.00.
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Banibaqash, Ayed, Ziad Hunaiti und Maysam Abbod. „An Analytical Feasibility Study for Solar Panel Installation in Qatar Based on Generated to Consumed Electrical Energy Indicator“. Energies 15, Nr. 24 (07.12.2022): 9270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249270.
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The main objective of this study is to establish analytical feasibility for the deployment of solar panels in Qatar houses and other organisations; to calculate, by the use of analytical means, solar panel deployment scenarios with different panel sizes, efficiency, and sun per day, in order to estimate generated energy and compare that with actual consumption over a period of twelve months. In addition, the study aims to provide a comparative indicator on the ratio of generated energy to consumed energy and consumed electrical energy (GtoC), to establish the possibility of using the GtoC ratio as a new renewable energy rating index, for use in renewable energy investment and sales forecasting, in maintaining comparisons between different installation scenarios, and in upgrade planning and decision making. This study’s analytical solutions might be correlated with data from in situ solar panel installation scenarios in order to fully establish the performance under operational scenarios. The study will be beneficial to support roadmaps to foster solar panel deployment in Qatar, through demonstrating scenarios that can enable economic and environmental incentives. In addition, the study can be useful for other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states with similar weather and economic conditions. Moreover, GtoC indicator can be used as a new source of data to establish a data-driven model for suitable clean energy projects.
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Lori, Erfan Shamsaddini, und Zulkiflle Leman. „RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ANALYZING THE WIND TURBINE PERFORMANCE; A REVIEW“. Ciência e Natura 38, Nr. 2 (31.05.2016): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x21523.
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The potential of renewable energy resources has been investigated and its is shown that they can in fact fulfill most of the world’s energy demand. In this study renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, wind, geothermal and hydropower are studied and provided with sustainable energy services, based on the available natural resources. In the past three decades wind and solar power system have developed rapidly in sales, while there was a decline in their capital cost and costs of electricity generated. This study shows that the transition to renewable –based energy systems are increasing and continues to improve their performance characteristic. The enhancement and utilization of renewable energy sources can increase diversity in energy supply market, help to secure long term supportable energy supplies, keeping the environment clean by reducing local and global atmospheric emissions, establish marvelous options too encounter specific energy service needs by helping to create new job opportunities especially in developing countries.
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Mohamadkhani, Mohamadjavad, Farshad Kowsary und MohammadHadi Ghasemi. „Techno-economic assessment of fixed solar panels and sun-tracking technology in solar farms in the districts of Tehran and Qazvin in Iran“. Future Energy 2, Nr. 3 (15.08.2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.2.3.4.
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Energy is regarded as one of the most pressing issues confronting the world, particularly in Iran. However, Iran depends mostly on fossil fuels, alternative energy sources are gradually being replaced to cover its energy needs. The efficiency and performance of two types of solar panel systems, fixed and sun-tracking, were evaluated in this study in two different regions: Tehran and Qazvin. According to this investigation, the Qazvin solar farm generates 16,763 MWh with fixed panels and 18,017 MWh when sun-tracking technology is used. Tehran solar farm yields 15,380 MWh with fixed panels and 16,528 MWh when sun-tracking technology is used. The sun-tracking technology increases solar power generation by 7.5 percent. However, due to the high irradiation in Iran, fixed PV systems operate well enough and appear to be considerably more cost-effective than sun-tracking systems. Financial analysis was conducted, taking into account all expenditures, losses, profits, Return On Investment (ROI), payback timeframes, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Present Value (NPV). Net Present Value (NPV) at the discount rate of 12% of Tehran solar farm is calculated 724,771.4 USD, and for Qazvin’s one is calculated 810,471.4 USD. In addition, the normal payback time for Tehran and Qazvin are 7.35 and 6.78 years, respectively. The analysis sensitivity has been done based on three main features, sales revenue, costs of assets, and operating cost, which massively affect the project for instance, considering Tehran’s solar far, when the costs of assets increase by 12%, the IRR will drop by 1.71%. On the other hand, when the costs of assets decrease by 12% the IRR will increase by 2.13%.
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Syahputra, Ramadoni, und Indah Soesanti. „Planning of Hybrid Micro-Hydro and Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Areas of Central Java, Indonesia“. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (21.01.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5972342.
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This paper proposes the planning of hybrid micro-hydro and solar photovoltaic system for rural areas of Central Java, Indonesia. The Indonesian government has paid great attention to the development of renewable energy sources, especially solar and hydropower. One area that has a high potential for both types of energy is the province of Central Java, located on the island of Java, Indonesia. In this research, we conduct field research to determine the ideal capacity of solar and micro-hydro hybrid power plants, electricity load analysis, and optimal design of hybrid power plants. Data on the potential of micro-hydro plants are obtained by direct measurement on the Ancol Bligo irrigation channel located in Bligo village, Ngluwar district, Magelang regency, Central Java province, Indonesia. Data on solar power potential were obtained from NASA’s database for solar radiation in the Central Java region. Hydropower potential data include channel length, debit, heads, and power potential in irrigation channels originating from rivers. These data are used to design an optimal hybrid power plant. The method used to obtain the optimal design of a hybrid power plant system is based on the analysis of capital costs, grid sales, cost of energy, and net present cost. Based on the parameters of the analysis, the composition of the optimal generator for the on-grid scheme to the distribution network can be determined. The results showed that hybrid power plants were able to meet the needs of electrical energy in the villages around the power plant and that the excess energy could be sold to national electricity providers.
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Rezvanian, Mohammad Hossein, Farideh Haghshenaskashani und Mehdi Karimizand. „Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting the Marketing of Solar Energy Production Equipment Based on a Combined Approach of Content Analysis and Fuzzy Delphi“. International Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior 3, Nr. 4 (2023): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijimob.3.4.20.
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Objective: The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the marketing of solar energy production equipment based on a combined approach of content analysis and fuzzy Delphi. Methodology: In this study, the purposive snowball sampling method was used to gather opinions from 15 experts and professors from the Iranian Renewable Energy Association, the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran, and the Solar Energy Committee of the Vice Presidency for Science and Technology. The data analysis process was conducted in two stages: identifying the influencing factors through interview tools and content analysis, and screening and prioritizing these factors using questionnaire tools and the fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: The results of the study indicated that government policies hold the highest priority among the factors affecting the marketing of solar energy production equipment. Conclusion: Following this, the factors in order of priority are brand/product awareness, distrust in solar technology and equipment, the local lifestyle of each region, remarketing, creating added or unique value for the product, market research, defining and identifying the audience and target market, aiding in sales growth, climate change and the necessity of environmental preservation, optimizing marketing through social media, business survival in a competitive market, creativity in marketing, utilization of digital capabilities, cost reduction, improving customer experience and creating a memorable product image, building trust through social proof, the general public's benefit from the social and environmental advantages of marketing solar equipment, and the need for a communication channel to inform customers.
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Wiraningtyas, Agrippina, Ahmad Sandi und Ruslan Ruslan. „Iodized Salt Processing Technology through Solar Thermal Salt House in Sanolo Village“. MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 3, Nr. 1 (21.05.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i1.494.
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The Community Partnership Program reported in this paper aimed to produce iodized salt using the innovative Solar termal Salt House in increasing the production and productivity of salt pond land with low costs and sustainability. The method used was the salt crystallization technique produced by small salts and then washed with brine to remove impurities to obtain white, shiny, salt crystals. The crystals obtained were then dried in the Solar Thermal Salt House to protect them from pollution and dust particles. The dried salt crystals were sorted using a filter to get a uniform crystal size before they were iodized and packaged for sales. The iodized salt was sold at a price of 1,000.00 IDR for 250 grams. The results showed that producing iodized salt through the Solar Thermal Salt House was able to help the participants to increase the production and productivity of their pond land. The use of geothermal plastic as a crystallization table was shown to be able to increase the quantity and quality of salt products in Sanolo Village, Bolo District, Bima Regency. It was also found that odized salt production mulitiplied farmers' income by up to 400%, as well as changes in their behavior in the application of science and technology to produce salt.
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Babajide, Abisoye, und Miguel Centeno Brito. „Powering the Commercial Sector in Nigeria Using Urban Swarm Solar Electrification“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 10 (15.05.2020): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104053.
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The commercial sector in Nigeria has been greatly hampered due to the poor availability of reliable electricity. In a 2014 World Bank report, nearly half of the firms doing business in Nigeria identified electricity as a major constraint, with over a quarter of them listing electricity as their biggest obstacle. The business losses due to electrical outages have been significant, with losses averaging about 16% of annual sales. The lack of access to reliable electricity is one of the biggest challenges to economic growth in Nigeria. This paper proposes a means of powering the commercial sector in Nigeria using urban swarm electrification. It outlines a conceptual framework for using a distributed network made up of grid-connected home solar PV systems as a viable option for providing the commercial sector with more reliable access to electricity. It further addresses the policy implications for the commercial sector with the enablement of more electrification options, implications that include strong economic impact, as well as the expansion and creation of new industries.
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Elazari, Ami. „Solar Power Devices for Providing Power to Handheld Devices: Field of the Invention“. Solid State Phenomena 97-98 (April 2004): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.97-98.115.
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Battery powered mobile appliances have been booming for years. Examples include power tools, laptop computers and mobile phones. A photovoltaic power supply makes batterypowered appliances more practical for users, since the batteries don't go flat. The idea of a solar bag for PDAs and mobile phones was born to satisfy energy needs while traveling, hiking, climbing, sailing, cruising especially for sales people and businesspersons when electricity is not available. The success of the photovoltaic power supply is largely determined by lighting conditions: outdoors, a device is exposed to solar intensities of up to 1000w/m but indoors, under artificial desktop lighting or outdoors during overcast weather, the value decreases to 100w/m. The cells should provide close to maximum voltage already for very low illumination and for a very small area of cells for cellular phones, laptops and PDAs. These specifications are well met by highefficiency cells exceeding 14-15% efficiency in our devices. We have developed a solar charging device for commercially available PDAs, mobile phones and laptops. The charging device consists of a 9-30 solar cell generator connected in string using black on black technology with an area of 5×12 cm and 1.5 watt related power with a low loss charge controller for the Li-Ion battery in the PDAs and mobile phones, and a 33×33 cm 10w power device for the laptops. The present invention is related to solar power devices, which are capable of performing the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy (photovoltaic principle), and in particular which are useful for providing power to handheld devices, whether indoors (inside of a building or other enclosure) or outdoors (outside of a building or other enclosure).
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Parti, I. Ketut, Suratno Suratno und Ni Wayan Rasmini. „Optimization of Off-Grid Solar Generating System With DC-DC Converter“. MATRIX : Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi dan Informatika 12, Nr. 3 (30.11.2022): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/matrix.v12i3.147-154.
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Electrical energy is a very complex problem for every country in the world, as well as in Indonesia in particular, with the rapid progress of the country’s industry, of course, followed by an increase in the generation of electrical energy. While the current energy generation most often comes from fossil fuels, which are increasingly depleting, the energy supply will decrease and increase sales. Therefore, every country is competing to find other energy for electrical energy generation. Renewable energy is a green energy generator whose supply is abundant and inexhaustible. Solar power plants (PLTS) are one of the green energies developed by the Indonesian government to utilize energy derived from non-fossil fuels. To support this, it is necessary to study and research to be done using the DC-DC up/down converter is expected to obtain results that can be used as a reference in the development of solar power plants (PLTS). With a DC-DC up/down converter, the voltage stabilization produced by PLTS can be stabilized by a DC-DC converter from 9 volts DC to 11.5 volts for a minimum voltage. Above 12 volts to 18 volts, up to 12 volts can be stabilized.
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Riondel, Adeline, Leslie Simac, Olivier Catelinois, Carole Morlan-Salesse, Frédéric Bounoure, Bruno Galan und Damien Mouly. „Syndromic Surveillance of Health Effects due to Summer Sun Overexposure: Construction of an Indicator Based on Drug Sales in Pharmacies—Preliminary Study within the PRISME Project“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, Nr. 13 (03.07.2023): 6287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136287.
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Introduction: Solar radiation is classified as a known human carcinogen. In France, people frequently ask local pharmacies to dispense products for sunburns. In the PRISME project, studying this use can be a specific and sensitive way to assess these overexposures. Objective: This study aims to construct an indicator for monitoring healthcare consumption in pharmacies after overexposure to solar UV. Methods: The study, conducted between July and August 2019, covered a sample of pharmacies located in coastal communities of southern France. A list of products for sunburn was defined. When one of the products on this list was sold, the customer was asked to fill out a questionnaire to determine whether the purchase was related to UV overexposure. A positive predictive value (PPV) per active ingredient was calculated. Results: Overall, nine pharmacies participated in the study, and 288 questionnaires were collected. The majority of products purchased were for women (60.7%), for people aged 15 and over (78.1%), and for people not living in the department (68.9%). The most frequently purchased products were our trolamine-containing products which accounted for 53% of sales. With the exception of three products, all PPVs were greater than 0.8. Conclusion: The high PPV confirms the suitability of the product selection as an indicator for monitoring healthcare consumption related to solar UV overexposure. Two indicators (one sensitive and one specific) were selected to maximise the chances of identifying UV-related remedies.
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Kartika, Kurnia Paranita Kartika Riyanti. „PERBANDINGAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK TERHADAP BIAYA LISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PRA BAYAR, PASCA BAYAR DAN TENAGA SURYA PADA SKALA RUMAH TANGGA“. Jurnal Qua Teknika 10, Nr. 2 (30.09.2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/quateknika.v10i2.1196.
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In general, people in Indonesia use the electricity purchasing system from the state electricity company in two ways, namely Postpaid and Prepaid. In postpaid electricity subscription mode, the customer uses electrical energy first and then pays the bill the following month. PLN officers must record the meter, calculate and issue accounts to be paid by customers, bill customers who are late or do not pay, and cut off electricity if consumers are late or do not pay their electricity bills after a certain time. This is a weakness in the postpaid system because of the gradual process before the customer finally makes a bill payment. Prepaid electricity is introduced to customers by providing several conveniences, namely being able to control their own use of electrical energy, customers only need to buy vouchers or tokens according to the desired nominal. This is also a form of sales control carried out by PLN because it can reduce the amount of customer receivables, so there is no need for late fees and can also maintain customer privacy by not calculating kWh meters every month. The solar electric system provides a new breakthrough by utilizing solar energy which is then converted into electrical energy. The use of solar energy for electricity generation has actually been carried out for a long time, namely since the early 1980s, but its application is still limited to small power systems or better known as the Solar Home System (SHS). This research has successfully implemented a comparison of postpaid, prepaid and solar energy use. From the test results, it is found that the most economical prepaid system among other systems applied is the postpaid system and the solar power system. The results of tests carried out at the household scale show that during the 10 years of life, the results of using prepaid electricity are 16.6% more efficient than solar panel systems and 17.7% more efficient than postpaid electricity and prepaid electricity is 1.34% more efficient than postpaid electricity
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Putra, M. Mahaputra, Rahmawati Febrifyaning Tias und Ayu Dwi Safitri. „Forecasting Sales of Premium Oil Fuel, Pertalite, Pertamax, Pertamax Turbo and Bio Solar Using the Method Exponential Moving Average (EMA) (case Study: Klampis Gas Station Surabaya)“. JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) 5, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54732/jeecs.v5i1.104.
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Along with the development and progress of current technology, fuel oil is one of the basic needs for both industry and transportation, demands will this fuel service becomes very important, and pertamina as the material provider fuel oil, must be able to guarantee the availability and smoothness of fuel products oil. The purpose of this study is to predict the amount of premium sales, pertalite, bio solar, Pertamax, and Pertamax turbo at Klampis Surabaya gas station for 2018 by using the forecasting method Exponential Moving Average ( EMA). Based on the results data processing carried out it can be concluded that the forecasting method that period 30 days are more accurate in predicting Premium, Pertalite, and Bio Solar 2018. And the 365 day period more accurate in predicting Pertamax, and Pertamax Turbo. Based on comparison of values MSE with MAPE, it can be concluded that using the MSE method to find values more good errors in this study. Based on the comparison of MSE values with MAPE, it can be concluded that using the MSE method to find better error valuesin this research.
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OZER, Ali Riza, und Omer Faruk BAY. „Estimation of Generated Electricity for the Solar Power Plant by Using Polynomial Regression“. International Journal of Engineering Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, Nr. 5 (14.05.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijereee/09.05.a001.
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The estimation of electrical energy that can be supplied from the renewable energy sources becomes a weighty matter regarding to increasing the share of these sources in the electrical energy sector all over the world. The installed power of power plants in Turkey has reached 100334 MW. Depending on the installed power, progress has been made in the electricity transmission and distribution sector over the years. Thus, there exist 21 distribution regions in electricity distribution in Turkey. Some distribution regions have reached 25 MWs in terms of solar installed capacity. While estimating the electrical energy demand for any distribution region, the total electrical energy that can be supplied by the solar power plants (SPP) in that region should be taken into account. In accordance with the legislation in Turkey, the authorized electricity retail sales company in each distribution region has to enter the daily estimation of the electrical energy, to be obtained from SPPs, located in its own region, on the web site of EPIAS (Energy Markets Operation Joint Stock Company). In this study, the estimation of electricity generation of the 990 kW solar power plant belonging to Osmaniye Special Provincial Administration and located in the town of Cevdetiye for the days 24.08.2021 and 25.08.2021 was carried out with the polynomial regression algorithm. Approximately 85% performance metric was got from the polynomial regression algorithm
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Liao, Zhongqing, Ming Cong, Dong Liu und Fanjie Meng. „Using simulation in layout verification of solar module assembly workshop“. International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 09, Nr. 02 (20.03.2018): 1850017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962318500174.
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Facility layout problem (FLP) contemplates the optimization of space utilization, costs, and material flow. Commercial simulation softwares are commonly used to validate layouts by simulating the real world material flow and production process. To validate a layout scenario of a solar module assembly workshop, a 3D simulation model is presented which was designed on VisualComponents software. To begin with, we introduce the layout characteristics and use the systematic layout planning (SLP) method to design the block layout of workshop. Then, we built components library which contains all the facilities needed in the production line, specifically conveyors, processing equipments, robots, buffers. Finally, we have established a simulation layout model using the components in the customized library according to the block layout, and configured the components which were allocated in the layout by setting the parameters and building the connection between components via signal. To improve the performance of the workshop, we have found the best work-in-process (WIP) value for the workshop and the optimal number of workers. Additionally, the layout model was used to test collision and reachability. It demonstrated the production process in a realistic simulation environment which helped in the sales process as well. The reusable component models we have built make it easy to build a layout within a short time and validate the effectiveness of the layout scenarios for any other projects.