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1
Lin, Mengting, Sairu Ma, Jie Liu, Xusheng Jiang und Demin Dai. „Remediation of Arsenic and Cadmium Co-Contaminated Soil: A Review“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 2 (12.01.2024): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020687.
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The concurrent presence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil is widespread and severe, highlighting the need for remediation. However, remediating As and Cd co-contaminated soils is more complex than remediating soils contaminated with a single heavy metal due to the opposite properties of As and Cd in soil. Thus, the different forms of As and Cd in co-contaminated soils and their transformation rules have been systematically reviewed in this paper. Simultaneously, hyperaccumulators and immobilization amendments used in the remediation of As–Cd co-contaminated soil were reviewed. Moreover, the mechanisms of phytoremediation and chemical immobilization techniques in the treatment of As and Cd co-contaminated soil and the remediation effects were expounded in detail. To promote the development of ecological civilization, this paper proposes further remediation strategies and guidance for the remediation of As–Cd co-contaminated soil.
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Madonna, Sandra, Agus Jatnika Effendi, Edwan Kardena und Syarif Hidayat. „Bioavailability enhancement of petroleum-contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation“. E3S Web of Conferences 485 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448502007.
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The Electro kinetic Remediation Technology (EKR) is recognized as the most potential remediation technology for soils with low permeability, like clay soil characteristics. Electrokinetic treatment could increase the bioavailability of contaminants in bioremediation petroleum-contaminated soil. The study, “Bioavailability enhancement of petroleum contaminated soil by electrokinetic remediation,” is experimental research in a laboratory to improve the bioavailability of petroleum hydrocarbons on clay during bioremediation with initial treatment using electrokinetic remediation techniques, finding optimum electrokinetic operating conditions of remediations, and analyzing the mechanism of remediation process in contaminated soil. Bioavailability enhancement was studied for 35 days. Polluted soil was treated with an electrokinetic box test (17cm×12cm×10cm), and DC power was used for 48 hours. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration was determined by gravimetric methods. The results showed that the characteristics of the soil samples were dominated by 49.31% clay. The initial concentration of TPH in polluted soil is 3.7%. The electrokinetic applications during 48 hours and followed by bioremediation for 35 days those processes removed TPH up to 80.74 % (from 33780.66 mg HC (kg dry w)-1 to 6506.155176 mg HC (kg dry w)-1. There is an increase in bioavailability indicated by the rise in bacterial populations and an increase in biodegradation after electrokinetic remediation. With this approach, bioavailability has been increased by 70.18%. Bio-electrokinetic remediation is the recommended method for polluted clay soils with low bioavailability.
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Kowalska, Aneta, Jana Růžičková, Marek Kucbel und Anna Grobelak. „Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils“. Energies 16, Nr. 16 (08.08.2023): 5876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165876.
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The present study experimentally investigated two different open-cast post-mining areas with different remediation methods for the vertical distribution of sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC). The study has been performed for two soil layers (0–15 cm, and 15–30 cm) for the four areas with different remediation advancement (up to 20 years) at both studied post-mining soils: the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment and lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge. The study revealed that SOC is more stable within soil depths for lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge in comparison to the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment. The lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge showed a better hydrophobicity, humidity, aromaticity, and C/N ratio according to the 13C NMR. Therefore, in that soil, an increased microbial community has been observed. The study observed a positive correlation between GRSP content with a fungi community within soil depths. For lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge, the activity of ureases and dehydrogenases was generally lower compared to the post-mining soil remediation with embankment. The investigation found good parameters of Ce and NCER which for both studied areas were negative which indicate for the privilege of the higher capturing of CO2 over its release from the soil into the atmosphere. The study finds no relevant changes in SOC, POXC, TC, and LOI content within soil depth and remediation age. Due to the lack of a possible well-describing indicator of the vertical distribution of SOC stability in post-mining remediation soil, we proposed two different indicators for differentially managed post-mining soil remediations. The model of calculation of vertical SOC variability index can be universally used for different post-mining soils under remediation, however, both proposed calculated indexes are unique for studied soils. The proposed model of an index may be helpful for remediation management, C sequestration prediction, and lowering the carbon footprint of mining activity.
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Wang, Yu, Feng Pan, Qiong Wang, Jie Luo, Qin Zhang, Yingying Pan, Chenliang Wu und Wei Liu. „The Effect of Different Remediation Treatments on Soil Fungal Communities in Rare Earth Tailings Soil“. Forests 13, Nr. 12 (24.11.2022): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121987.
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Extensive mining of rare earth deposits has caused severe soil erosion, resulting in the degradation of plant–soil systems and the reduction in microbial diversity. Combined ecological remediation technology is the key method of vegetation reconstruction and ecological restoration in abandoned tailings. In this study, the effects of different cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–organic fertilizer treatments on soil fungal communities in rare earth tailings soil were analysed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to analyse saprophytic, mycorrhizal, and potential pathogenic fungi in soils after different combined remediations. Moreover, the effects of soil environmental factors on fungal community species’ composition were analysed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) after different combined remediations. LEfSe indicated a risk of citrus pathogenicity by Diaporthaceae indicator fungi after biochar–organic fertilizer combined treatment. RDA and VPA revealed that pH was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal community in the different combined remediation treatments. Additionally, the Paspalum wettsteinii cover crops–biochar–organic fertilizer and biochar–livestock manure treatments were more conducive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi recruitment. We also clarified the fungal community composition structure, soil environmental factors, and fungal community relationships in rare earth tailings soil after different combined remediation treatments.
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Lu, Yichang, Jiaqi Cheng, Jieni Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Yijun Tian, Chenxiao Liu, Leichang Cao und Yanmei Zhou. „Efficient Remediation of Cadmium Contamination in Soil by Functionalized Biochar: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects“. Processes 10, Nr. 8 (17.08.2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081627.
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Heavy metal pollution in soil seriously harms human health and animal and plant growth. Among them, cadmium pollution is one of the most serious issues. As a promising remediation material for cadmium pollution in soil, functionalized biochar has attracted wide attention in the last decade. This paper summarizes the preparation technology of biochar, the existing forms of heavy metals in soil, the remediation mechanism of biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil, and the factors affecting the remediation process, and discusses the latest research advances of functionalized biochar for remediating cadmium contamination in soil. Finally, the challenges encountered by the implementation of biochar for remediating Cd contamination in soil are summarized, and the prospects in this field are highlighted for its expected industrial large-scale implementation.
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Shit, Puspendu, Indranil Bhattacharjee, Partha Pratim Chakravorty, Harekrishna Jana und Yuji Sakai. „Pesticide Soil Pollution: An Overview about Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Remediation Technologies“. Current World Environment 18, Nr. 2 (31.08.2023): 752–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.25.
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The use of pesticides presents a looming danger to the living elements of our ecological system, crops, and the well-being of our species. As an outcome, various organic contaminants pollute the soil. Different physical, chemical, and biological remediation techniques have been employed for the decontamination of pesticide-polluted soils. Remediation technology should always be affordable, on-site or in-situ, and capable of restoring the soil's natural functionality. The presence of multiple pesticides can pose challenges in effectively remediating them from the soil. The present work examines the scientific literature on the benefits and drawbacks of various existing and emerging soil remediation techniques. Customized technology choices and designs for specific site conditions enhance the effective cleanup of polluted areas. The present study, which evaluates and contrasts various technological approaches, shall serve as an invaluable tool for determining the optimal soil remediation method for a given contamination dilemma.
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Lee, Sang-Hwan, Soon-Oh Kim, Sang-Woo Lee, Min-Suk Kim und Hyun Park. „Application of Soil Washing and Thermal Desorption for Sustainable Remediation and Reuse of Remediated Soil“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 22 (12.11.2021): 12523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212523.
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Global governance of soil resources as well as revitalizations and remediation of degraded areas seem to be necessary actions for sustainable development. A great deal of effort has gone into developing remediation technologies to remove or reduce the impact of these contaminants in the environment. However, contaminated soil remediations in stringent conditions deteriorate soil properties and functions and create the need for efficient soil revitalization measures. Soil washing (SW) and thermal desorption (TD) are commonly used to remediate contaminated soil and can significantly reduce the contaminant, sometimes to safe levels where reuse can be considered; however, the effects of treatment on soil quality must be understood in order to support redevelopment after remediation. In this review, we discussed the effects of SW and TD on soil properties, including subsequent soil quality and health. Furthermore, the importance of these techniques for remediation and reclamation strategies was discussed. Some restoration strategies were also proposed for the recovery of soil quality. In addition, remediated and revitalized soil can be reused for various purposes, which can be accepted as an implementation of sustainable remediation. This review concludes with an outlook of future research efforts that will further shift SW and TD toward sustainable remediation.
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Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D., Ahmed Albahnasawi, Gomaa A. M. Ali, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Nadim K. Copty, Salem S. Abu Amr, Mohammed F. M. Abushammala und Tahra Al Maskari. „Recent Advances of Nanoremediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation: A Review“. Water 13, Nr. 16 (10.08.2021): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162186.
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Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields including in soil and groundwater remediation. Nanoremediation has emerged as an effective, rapid, and efficient technology for soil and groundwater contaminated with petroleum pollutants and heavy metals. This review provides an overview of the application of nanomaterials for environmental cleanup, such as soil and groundwater remediation. Four types of nanomaterials, namely nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), are presented and discussed. In addition, the potential environmental risks of the nanomaterial application in soil remediation are highlighted. Moreover, this review provides insight into the combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technologies. The study demonstrates that nZVI had been widely studied for high-efficiency environmental remediation due to its high reactivity and excellent contaminant immobilization capability. CNTs have received more attention for remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants because of their unique adsorption characteristics. Environmental remediations using metal and MNPs are also favorable due to their facile magnetic separation and unique metal-ion adsorption. The modified nZVI showed less toxicity towards soil bacteria than bare nZVI; thus, modifying or coating nZVI could reduce its ecotoxicity. The combination of nanoremediation with other remediation technology is shown to be a valuable soil remediation technique as the synergetic effects may increase the sustainability of the applied process towards green technology for soil remediation.
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Cao, Jian, Chenyang Lv, Chenxu Zhang, Fengxiang Yin, Zhengbo Gao, Long Wei und Lichang Wang. „Asynchronous Synergetic Remediation Strategy for Cd-Contaminated Soil via Passivation and Phytoremediation Technology“. Agronomy 14, Nr. 9 (26.08.2024): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091913.
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Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil has emerged as a significant challenge for agricultural production. Phytoremediation and passivation are key techniques for remediating Cd-contaminated soil. However, few studies have focused on the synergistic effects of these two techniques. In this work, the effectiveness of synergetic remediation strategies, both synchronous and asynchronous, utilizing passivation and phytoremediation techniques, was explored. The results of pot experiments and field experiments indicated that optimal remediation effects were obtained by asynchronous synergetic remediation, removing over 80% of bioavailable Cd within 14 days. Mechanistic studies conducted using XPS analysis, soil property analysis, and microbial diversity analysis confirmed that the chelation effect of SDD and soil pH value are the primary factors contributing to the effectiveness of both remediation strategies. In contrast, the variations in microbial populations are identified as the crucial factors influencing the varying outcomes of the two sequential remediation approaches. This research demonstrates that asynchronous synergistic remediation is a promising strategy for mitigating Cd contamination in soil.
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Samokhvalova, V., A. Fateev, S. Zuza, Ya Pogromska, V. Zuza, Ye Panasenko und P. Gorpinchenko. „Phytoremediation of technologically polluted soils“. Agroecological journal, Nr. 1 (05.03.2015): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2015.272192.
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We have elaborated the methodological approach for phytoremediation of anthropogenic contamination of soils by heavy metals (HM) according to the results of soil-geochemical investigations of the impact zones of the anthropogenic emissions of pollution sources of JSC «Ukrzink», JSC «Avdiivka coking plant» in Donetsk region. Methodological approach to anthropogenic contamination soil with HM is developed, method of soil phytoremediation for its more effective use, in which due to the expansion of spectrum use as phytoremediation dominant herbaceous wild plant species of competing families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae with their interleaving in space and time, significantly extended the range of extraction different hazard classes HM out of the soil, increasing the efficiency of their biological remediation of different soil layers with increasing depth cleaning directly in the area of HM pollution (in situ), which ensures the minimization of the costs, continuity and intensification of the phytoremediation process of contaminated soils. The technical result of the elaborated method is expanding the range of plant remediaton use of different competitive families resistant to contamination and various biological potential phytoextraction and phytoaccumulation of HM, which ensures the reduction of soil cleanup, optimize its use due to the reduction of the period of biological remediation and remediation of contaminated soils and simultaneous avoidance of excessive process load on the soil.
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Pan, Lixuan, Liangang Mao, Haonan Zhang, Pingping Wang, Chi Wu, Jun Xie, Bochi Yu et al. „Modified Biochar as a More Promising Amendment Agent for Remediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soils: Modification Methods, Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 22 (14.11.2022): 11544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211544.
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With the acceleration of the process of agricultural modernization, many pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) are applied to the field and finally brought into the soils, causing serious damage to the environment. The problem of pesticide pollution has become increasingly prominent. This has highlighted the urgent need for effective and efficient remediation treatment technology for pesticide-contaminated soils. Biochar has a high specific surface area, high porosity, and strong adsorption capacity, making it a soil amendment agent and carbon fixation agent that can improve soil health and enhance adsorption capacity for pesticides to remediate contaminated soils. Recently, efforts have been made to enhance the physicochemical and adsorption properties of biochar by preparing modified biochar, and it has been developed to expand the application of biochar. Specifically, the following aspects were reviewed and discussed: (i) source and modification methods of biochar for pesticide remediation; (ii) the effect of biochar on the environmental fate of remediating pesticides; (iii) the effect of biochar on pesticide-contaminated soils; and (iv) potential problems for the large-scale promotion and application of biochar remediation of pesticides. In conclusion, this review may serve as a reference and guide for pesticide remediation, hence reducing the environmental concerns associated with pesticides in soil.
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Taraqqi-A-Kamal, A., Christopher J. Atkinson, Aimal Khan, Kaikai Zhang, Peng Sun, Sharmin Akther und Yanrong Zhang. „Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils“. Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (30.03.2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/544/2020-pse.
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The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.
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Tiwari, Mehul, und Divya Bajpai Tripathy. „Soil Contaminants and Their Removal through Surfactant-Enhanced Soil Remediation: A Comprehensive Review“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 17 (01.09.2023): 13161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713161.
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This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of surfactants in enhancing the remediation of contaminated soils. The study examines recent and older research on the use of effluent treatment techniques combined with synthetic surface-active agents, bio-surfactants, and various categories of surfactants for soil reclamation purposes. The main purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of surfactants in enhancing the remediation of contaminated soils. The research question is to explore the mechanisms through which surfactants enhance soil remediation and to assess the potential benefits and limitations of surfactant-based remediation methods. This review was conducted through an extensive literature search of relevant articles published in scientific databases. The articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and their methodological rigor. Types of possible soil pollutants and the requirements of specific surfactants were discussed. Structural relationships between pollutant and surfactants were described thoroughly. Extensive study revealed that surfactants have shown great potential in enhancing the remediation of contaminated soils. Surfactants can improve the solubility and mobility of hydrophobic contaminants and facilitate their removal from soil. However, the effectiveness of surfactant-based remediation methods depends on several factors, including the type of contaminant, the soil properties, and the surfactant concentration and type. Surfactant-enhanced soil remediation can be an effective and sustainable method for addressing soil contamination. However, the optimal conditions for using surfactants depend on the specific site characteristics and contaminant properties, and further research is needed to optimize the use of surfactants in soil remediation.
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Lee, Sang Hwan, Jung Hyun Lee, Woo Chul Jung, Misun Park, Min Suk Kim, Seung Jae Lee und Hyun Park. „Changes in Soil Health with Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Two Different Remediation Technologies“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 23 (03.12.2020): 10078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310078.
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For sustainable soil management, there is an increasing demand for soil quality, resilience, and health assessment. After remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated soils, changes in the physicochemical and ecological characteristics of the soil were investigated. Two kinds of remediation technologies were applied to contaminated soils: land farming (LF) and high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD). As a result of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), PHC-contaminated soils were efficiently remediated by LF and HTTD. The soil health could not be completely recovered after the removal of pollutants due to adverse changes in the soil properties, especially in soil enzyme activities. Therefore, monitoring is necessary for accurate estimation of soil ecotoxicity and effective remediation, and additional soil management, such as fertilizer application or organic amendments, is needed to restore soil heath. In the case of HTTD, soil ecological properties are severely changed during the remediation process. The decision to reuse or recycle remediated soils should reflect changes in soil quality. HTTD is a harsh remediation method that results in deterioration of soil fertility and ecological functions. Alternatives, such as low-temperature thermal desorption or additional soil management using fertilizer or organic amendments, for example, are needed.
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Barbosa Ferreira, Maiara, Aline Maria Sales Solano, Elisama Vieira dos Santos, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle und Soliu O. Ganiyu. „Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review“. Materials 13, Nr. 19 (27.09.2020): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194309.
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In recent years, due to industrial modernization and agricultural mechanization, several environmental consequences have been observed, which make sustainable development difficult. Soil, as an important component of ecosystem and a key resource for the survival of human and animals, has been under constant contamination from different human activities. Contaminated soils and sites require remediation not only because of the hazardous threat it possess to the environment but also due to the shortage of fresh land for both agriculture and urbanization. Combined or coupled remediation technologies are one of the efficient processes for the treatment of contaminated soils. In these technologies, two or more soil remediation techniques are applied simultaneously or sequentially, in which one technique complements the other, making the treatment very efficient. Coupling anodic oxidation (AO) and soil remediation for the treatment of soil contaminated with organics has been studied via two configurations: (i) soil remediation, ex situ AO, where AO is used as a post-treatment stage for the treatment of effluents from soil remediation process and (ii) soil remediation, in situ AO, where both processes are applied simultaneously. The former is the most widely investigated configuration of the combined processes, while the latter is less common due to the greater diffusion dependency of AO as an electrode process. In this review, the concept of soil washing (SW)/soil flushing (SF) and electrokinetic as soil remediation techniques are briefly explained followed by a discussion of different configurations of combined AO and soil remediation.
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Kowalska, Aneta, Bal Ram Singh und Anna Grobelak. „Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO2 Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation“. Energies 15, Nr. 24 (13.12.2022): 9452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249452.
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The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO2 emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO2 emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO2 emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation.
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Ibaba, Ayibanoa L., und Achimota A. Dickson. „Organic Manure Enhanced Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soils in The Niger Delta: The Potentials of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata)“. Global Journal of Agricultural Research 12, Nr. 1 (15.01.2024): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol12n11624.
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In spite of frequent oil pollution, a cost effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable means of remediating polluted soils is yet to be discovered in the Niger Delta. This study, examined the effect of two rates of poultry manure (0 and 20 t/ha) remediating 0 and 5% oil in a 2x2x3 factorial, using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as possible phytoremediation plant. Two weeks after contamination, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) increased significantly (P<0.05) from 0.02 mgkg-1 to 125.1 mg/kg-1 and at eight weeks after remediation, TPH reduced from125.1 mgkg-1 to 91.86 mgkg-1 in the unamended contaminated soil and the poultry manure amended contaminated soil decreased significantly (P<0.05) to 73.08 mgkg-1. Soil pH increased significantly (P<0.05) from 5.34 to 5.80, two weeks after contamination and after eight-week of remediation, pH in the unamended contaminated soil increased to 5.85 and the amended contaminated soil increased to 5.97. Organic carbon increased significantly (P<0.05) from 1.15% to 2.32% after two weeks of contamination and eight weeks after remediation, increased to 2.45% in the unamended contaminated soil, and to 2.58% in the amended contaminated soil. Though oil contamination slowed germination, cowpea germination in the unamended contaminated soil recorded 60% while poultry manure amendment increased germination to only 66% indicating cowpea has phytoremediation qualities. However, poultry manure amendment increased cowpea germination energy. The study recorded no significant difference in cowpea germination percentage and growth parameters between the unamended contaminated soil and remediated oil contaminated soil indicating poultry manure application rate need to be increased.
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Silva, José Leôncio de Almeida, Sergio Nascimento Duarte, Demetrius David Da Silva und Neyton De Oliveira Miranda. „Reclamation of salinized soils due to excess of fertilizers: evaluation of leaching systems and equations“. DYNA 86, Nr. 210 (01.07.2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n210.77391.
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In regions with intense irrigation, the use of fertirrigation increases crop productivity, but excessive fertilizer application increases the risk of soil salinization. Therefore, this work used leaching equations to evaluate systems of remediation of soils salinized by excess fertilizers. The phases of the study were: salinization of soils in lysimeters, remediation of these soils, and measurement of salt concentrations in soils for comparison with estimates of empirical equations. The treatments combined soil remediation systems (continuous and intermittent) with five initial levels of soil salinity (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 dS m-1). The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates. The Volobuyev equation best represented the salinized soil remediation in relation to the results obtained experimentally. The equations tested showed better performance in the intermittent remediation system compared to the continuous system.
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Baek, Dong-Jun, Ye-Eun Kim, Moon-Young Jung, Hye-On Yoon und Jinsung An. „Feasibility of a Chemical Washing Method for Treating Soil Enriched with Fluorine Derived from Mica“. Minerals 11, Nr. 2 (29.01.2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020134.
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High levels of fluorine in soil may pose health risks and require remediation. In this study, the feasibility of using a practical chemical washing method for the removal of fluorine from an enriched soil was evaluated. The chemical washing procedures were optimized through experimental analyses of various washing solutions and washing conditions (i.e., washing solution concentration, solid–liquid ratio, agitation speed, and reaction time). Additionally, the effects of techniques for improving the washing efficiency, such as ultrasonic washing, aeration, and multi-stage washing, were evaluated. Herein, among all applied methodologies, the maximum washing efficiency achieved for the total fluorine present in soil was only 6.2%, which indicated that chemical washing was inefficient in remediating this particular soil. Further sequential extraction analysis showed that the fluorine in this soil was present in a chemically stable form (residual fraction), possibly because of the presence of mica minerals. It was demonstrated that chemical washing may not be effective for remediating soils containing such chemically stable forms of fluorine. In these cases, other physical-based remediation technologies or risk management approaches may be more suitable.
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Liang, Li. „Numerical Simulation Method for Microbial Remediation Effect of Nano Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (04.08.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3318917.
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Heavy metal soil remediation is an important component in mitigating environmental problems, and microbial remediation has good treatment effect, good environmental affinity, and high treatment cost treatment efficiency. Numerical simulations of soil remediation effects enable the selection of suitable remediation methods and the determination of the optimal remediation input ratio. However, the current numerical simulation mainly relies on a single mathematical model, and the simulation error is large when applied to the microbial remediation with large variability. Numerical simulation methods of microbial remediation impacts of heavy metal contaminated soils will be investigated to overcome the foregoing problems. By researching the migratory law of heavy metal contaminated soil components, the process of microbial remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil will be examined, and a microbial proliferation model will be constructed. The numerical simulation of microbial remediation effect is realized by using HYDRUS to inverse solve the data of small laboratory tests and obtain the relevant parameters for numerical simulation. The maximum simulation error of the method studied at the time of testing was 2.1%, the simulation trend was consistent with the real remediation effect, and the simulation results were reliable. Although the simulation results of the numerical simulation method of the microbial remediation effect of heavy metal polluted soil proposed in this paper differ from actual values of the microbial remediation of heavy metals in soil, the overall trend of changes in soil heavy metal content is similar. It reveals that the outcomes of the approach investigated in this work are somewhat trustworthy when numerically modeling the effect of microbial remediation of heavy metals in soils. In other words, the numerical modeling approach utilized in this work to examine the impact of microbial remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is highly precise and effective.
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Ren, Ke, Fangyuan Teng, Shejiang Liu und Xiuli Liu. „Analysis of the Effect of Soil Remediation Processes Contaminated by Heavy Metals in Different Soils“. Water 14, Nr. 24 (08.12.2022): 4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244004.
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Heavy metal pollution in China’s soil is very serious, and soil remediation is urgent. At present, most of the domestic and foreign research is aimed at one soil type for soil heavy metal pollution remediation. However, the distribution of heavy metals and the effect of remediation with chemical agents are different for different soils. This study is committed to investigating the effect of WTF on the remediation of heavy metal contamination in different soils based on the existing research in the laboratory. The influence of soil quality on remediation efficiency was analyzed by TCLP leaching of heavy metals, and different forms of heavy metals were extracted from the soil using the BCR method. The experimental results showed that the soil environment was alkaline, and the response to a low addition of WTF was more obvious. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis yielded that the increase in the organic matter content led to an increase in the oxidizable Cd content. The WTF remediation did not change the overall acidity and alkalinity of the soil so that the overall soil environment remained stable; it increased the organic matter content and added fertility to the soil, and it increased the activity of most enzymes in the soil and promoted the circulation of the soil elements, making the soil fertile.
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Kim, Jin-Wook, Young-Kyu Hong, Hyuck-Soo Kim, Eun-Ji Oh, Yong-Ha Park und Sung-Chul Kim. „Metagenomic Analysis for Evaluating Change in Bacterial Diversity in TPH-Contaminated Soil after Soil Remediation“. Toxics 9, Nr. 12 (24.11.2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9120319.
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Soil washing and landfarming processes are widely used to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil, but the impact of these processes on soil bacteria is not well understood. Four different states of soil (uncontaminated soil (control), TPH-contaminated soil (CS), after soil washing (SW), and landfarming (LF)) were collected from a soil remediation facility to investigate the impact of TPH and soil remediation processes on soil bacterial populations by metagenomic analysis. Results showed that TPH contamination reduced the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and alpha diversity of soil bacteria. Compared to SW and LF remediation techniques, LF increased more bacterial richness and diversity than SW, indicating that LF is a more effective technique for TPH remediation in terms of microbial recovery. Among different bacterial species, Proteobacteria were the most abundant in all soil groups followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes. For each soil group, the distribution pattern of the Proteobacteria class was different. The most abundant classed were Alphaproteobacteria (16.56%) in uncontaminated soils, Deltaproteobacteria (34%) in TPH-contaminated soils, Betaproteobacteria (24%) in soil washing, and Gammaproteobacteria (24%) in landfarming, respectively. TPH-degrading bacteria were detected from soil washing (23%) and TPH-contaminated soils (21%) and decreased to 12% in landfarming soil. These results suggest that soil pollution can change the diversity of microbial groups and different remediation techniques have varied effective ranges for recovering bacterial communities and diversity. In conclusion, the landfarming process of TPH remediation is more advantageous than soil washing from the perspective of bacterial ecology.
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XIAO, Huiping, Fangfang LI, Fang ZHANG, Haoyu LONG und Ling LAN. „Mechanisms of electrokinetic technology to remediate different soils contaminated by cadmium“. E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404050.
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Five typical soils were selected as Cd-contaminated media in an electrokinetic remediation experiment, to reveal comprehensive relationships between soil physicochemical properties and electrokinetic remediation. Results showed that after 20 days of remediation, removal efficiencies of Cd from red soil, black soil, yellow brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and paddy soil were 80.8%, 79.3%, 78.2%, 62.7%, and 74.1%, respectively. Levels of soil pH, conductivity, cation exchange capacity in fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil treatments were generally higher than the other three types of soils, which indicated some connections between Cd removal efficiencies and the above soil characteristics. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil H+ concentration was significantly correlated with Cd concentration and soil cation exchange capacity, and the correlation coefficients were -0.462 and -0.457, respectively. It is confirmed that H+ concentration is one of the important factors affecting the electrokinetic remediation of soil polluted by Cd.
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Jamil, Norashira, Aziman Madun, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin und Zaidi Embong. „An Overview of Electrokinetic Remediation Assisted Phytoremediation to Remediate Barren Acidic Soil“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (Juli 2015): 1476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1476.
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Electrokinetic has proven to be alternative technique to remediate pollution and increase soil strength for soft soil. This remediation method has been applied to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Phytoremediation is a technique used to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Both of this remediation technique has been proven as attractive alternative to clean up polluted soils. Although barren acidic soil is not categories as hazardous, the necessity of covered soil surface is on demand in order to minimize the surface erosion. Other than that, this remediation technology also helps in horticulture in order to enlarge the plantation and farming area. This paper will explain the formation of barren acidic soil, principles electrokinetic remediation for remediation of barren acidic soil and application of phytoremediation in order to sustain the process of remediation. Correlation of both remediation methods will minimize the acidic ion migration and sustain the pH value on soil surface for grass, vegetable or palm oil plantation.
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Kho, Brendan Lik Sen, Ang Kean Hua und Mohd Fadzil Ali Ahmad. „Enhancing Soil Health: Nanotechnologies for Effective Remediation and Sustainable Development“. Sustainable Environmental Insight 1, Nr. 1 (04.03.2024): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/sein.v1i1.409.
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The growing population has led to the increase in contamination to the soil, affecting the soil environment which indirectly affects importance of human health. Soil remediation is important to remove and reduce the level of contamination in the soil medium. If the contaminants present in the soil is not remediated, the possibilities of it to spread will increase due to the presence of water flow inside the soil medium, further contaminating soils that are previously clean. Hence, several nanotechnologies and nanomaterials were discovered by researchers, allowing the remediation of soil that are contaminated by different pollutants to be effectively carried out. The nanotechnologies and nanomaterials discussed in this paper involves physical, chemical and biological type of remediation. It is being known that nanoscale remediation can have higher effectiveness compared to microscale remediation. Most of the discussed nanotechnologies requires longer period of time but the effectiveness in the removal or reduction of contaminants are very high. Remediation of contaminated soils allow more land to be available for human development and exploitation. Humans are urged to reduce the chances of contamination activities or accident as contamination to the soil can adversely affect the local environment and the human health.
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Chen, Chuan Min, Xuan Liu, Tao Chen und Song Tao Liu. „The Detection and Remediation Technologies of PCB-Contaminated Soils“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (Juni 2015): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.212.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the organic pollutants that of persistence, fat soluble and character such as biological toxicity, widely distributed. It also showed a highly persistent in the environment, strong enrichment and high biological toxicity, having the serious harm to human health and ecological environment. The final destination of PCBs in the environmental system is soil and sediment due to its highly distribution coefficient between sediment and water. PCBs in soil is difficult to decompose and has strong adsorption. Therefore, the detection and remediation of PCBs in soil is very critical. PCBSin soil detection technologies becoming matured at present. Such as dual column gas chromatography analysis method, GC – MS, enzyme immunoassay for PCBs detecting have been widely used. Low cost, high resolution and high accuracy detection technology has been more and more attention. For the remediation technologies of contaminated soils, chemical remediation, bioremediation technologies developed fast. Efficient, economic and environmental multiple remediation method, such as elution pretreatment on contaminated soil, combination of multiple remediation techniques are the development direction of the future. Based on the analysis on detection and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil. The principle and suitable condition of different detection methods and remediation technologies of PCBs in soil was studied in this paper. To provide technical support to remediation the PCB-contaminated soils.
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Chen, Xuejun, Zhemin Shen, Yangming Lei, Bingxin Ju und Wenhua Wang. „Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of Cd and Pb spiked soil coupled with cation exchange membrane“. Soil Research 44, Nr. 5 (2006): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05117.
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Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is one of the popular and promising in situ remediation techniques for metal-contaminated soils, but the remediation effect is strongly affected by soil type and chemical species of contaminants; moreover, pH is very difficult to control. This paper investigates the species of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in simulating contaminated soil before and after EK remediation, and the soil is a typical silt loam soil from Shanghai. Heavy metal speciation in the soil sample was analysed through a sequential extraction procedure. Cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and conductive solution were applied to improve the remediation efficiency. Both methods help to keep acid conditions and CEM can prevent anions in the cathodic compartment from penetrating into the soil sample system. The pH of the soil specimen was acidic during the test, and Cd was quickly removed from the soil while Pb was removed more slowly. The average removal efficiencies of Cd and Pb were 68.7 and 38.7%, respectively, after 60 h of remediation.
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Rahman, Alexandre. „Remediation Technology for the Restoration of Polluted Soil“. Science Insights 41, Nr. 2 (29.07.2022): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re071.
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One of the most serious environmental issues is soil pollution. With the increase in contaminated sites, how to safely and effectively remediate these contaminated soils has become an urgent environmental problem in our country. This paper summarizes the most commonly used remediation technologies and research progress for contaminated soil in the United States and abroad, including physical remediation, chemical remediation, and bioremediation. Each repair technique has advantages and disadvantages. To get around the problems with a single method and make the most of the benefits of different remediation technologies, it was suggested that research and development of comprehensive remediation technologies for contaminated soils be stepped up.
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Cui, Jia-Qi, Qing-Sheng He, Ming-Hui Liu, Hong Chen, Ming-Bo Sun und Jian-Ping Wen. „Comparative Study on Different Remediation Strategies Applied in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 5 (02.03.2020): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051606.
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Due to the increasing pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), it is an important task to develop eco-friendly and highly efficient methods for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. In this study, bioremediation technology was applied to remediate PHs contaminated soils, and the bacterial community structure and physicochemical characteristics of the soil treated using different bioremediation regimens were analyzed. Compared with the control condition (S0), the PHs removal efficiency of biostimulation (S2) and bioaugmentation (S3) was increased significantly. Combined biostimulation with bioaugmentation (S4) had the highest PHs removal efficiency, up to 60.14 ± 4.12%. Among all the selected remediation strategies (S1–S4, S1: soil moisture content: 25–30%), the bacterial alpha-diversity was higher than in S0. The genera Acinetobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Microbacterium, and Parabacteroides were found to greatly contribute to PHs’ degradation. In the group S4, the PH-degraders and soil enzyme activity were higher than in the other remediation regimens, and these indices gradually decreased in the mid-to-later periods of all remediation tests. Additionally, the abundance of alkB and nah genes was increased by improving the environmental condition of the microorganism communities. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) had a positive correlation with total PHs degradation. This study offers insights into the microbial community response to environmental factors during bioremediation, which shows a promoting effect in enhancing the efficiency of PHs remediation.
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SHIRATORI, Toshikazu. „Contaminated Soil Remediation“. Shigen-to-Sozai 119, Nr. 8 (2003): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai.119.441.
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Yoon, Jung-Hwan, Chan-Gyu Lee, Byung-Jun Park, Seok Soon Jeong, Young Don Lee, Mary Beth Kirkham, Kwon-Rae Kim et al. „Combining Soil Immobilization and Dressing Techniques for Sustaining the Health of Metal-Contaminated Arable Soils“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 8 (12.04.2024): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083227.
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The combination of lime immobilization of metals and soil dressing has been a prevalent practice in Korea for remediating metal-contaminated arable soils. However, there have been limited reports on whether this method effectively sustains soil health after remediation, particularly in arable soils. This study undertook a comparative assessment of the soil health index (SHI) across metal-contaminated arable lands, arable soils remediated with lime immobilization and soil dressing, and uncontaminated soils. A total 389 soil samples were collected from these sites and analyzed for nineteen indicators encompassing physical, chemical, and biological properties. To assess soil health, these indicators were screened using principal component analysis, yielding five minimum data set (MDS) indicators: total nitrogen, clay content, dehydrogenase activity, bacterial colony-forming units, and available phosphorus. Among these MDS indicators, total nitrogen exhibited the highest value as the principal component contributing to soil health assessment. Scores of the MDS indicators exhibited significant correlation with those of total data set indicators, affirming the appropriateness of the soil health assessment adopted in this study. The SHI of the remediated arable soils (0.48) surpassed those of the contaminated soils (0.47) and were statistically comparable to those of the uncontaminated forest (0.51) and upland (0.51) soils. The health of the contaminated soils demonstrated a high dependence on soil properties rather than metal concentrations. These findings underscore the robustness of the combined immobilization and soil dressing method for sustaining the health of contaminated arable soils post-remediation.
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Akwenuke, O. M., und U. N. Asibeluo. „Evaluating the effectiveness of various remediation therapies on the engineering properties of oil-contaminated soils“. Journal of Engineering Innovations and Applications 2, Nr. 2 (30.08.2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jeia2023.027.
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This study was embarked upon to ascertain the effectiveness of using physical and biological remediation procedures to amend the impact of oil pollution on soil engineering properties. Soil contaminated with crude oil at a mix ratio of 20:1 (percentage by weight), was remediated with charcoal (C2), charcoal + seaweed extract + groundnut plant (C3), and charcoal + wood ash + groundnut plant (C4). During the procedure, the soil’s total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level was determined through American Public Health Association (APHA) approved procedures; while the geotechnical (maximum dry density “MDD”, optimal moisture content “OMC, and California bearing ratio “CBR”) and electrical properties (electrical conductivity “EC”, dielectric constant “ɛʹ, and electrical resistivity “ρ”) were measured in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved procedures. The results depicted that the TPH, ɛʹ and ρ-values of the contaminated soil samples declined by 56.71%, 82.01% and 72.80%; 31.65%, 36.85% and 19.92%; and 56.32%, 62.03% and 60.27%, respectively in the C2, C3 and C4 samples after the remediation program; while the soil EC increased by 103.45%, 145.68% and 135.34% in the C2, C3 and C4 samples, respectively. Likewise, the C2, C3 and C4 samples CBR, MDD and OMC values increased by 29.49%, 34.75% and 50.30%; 7.87%, 11.02% and 4.72; and 12.02%, 28.01% and 40.38%, respectively at the end of the experimental period. These findings portrayed that hybridized remediation therapies are better remediating techniques in remediating contaminated soils; hence sustaining the integrity of the soils’ geotechnical and electrical properties.
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Bian, Wen, Yan Yu und Dong Yao Xu. „Advances on Remediation Techniques of Cd in Contaminated Soil“. Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.3.
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In this paper the harm of Cd in soil and current situation of soil contaminated by Cd were discussed, and then the remediation technologies of Cd contaminated soils, which included engineering remediation methods, chemical remediation methods, bioremediation methods and agriculture remediation methods at home and abroad were roundly introduced. At the same time, pointed out existing problems and proposed research directions in the future.
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Ginocchio, Rosanna, Matías Araya, Jéssica Machado, Luz María de la Fuente, Fabiola Orrego, Eduardo C. Arellano und Loretto Contreras-Porcia. „Seaweed biochar (sourced from marine water remediation farms) for soil remediation: Towards an integrated approach of terrestrial-coastal marine water remediation“. BioResources 18, Nr. 3 (17.05.2023): 4637–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.4637-4656.
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Biochar made from seaweed biomass of marine farms established for water pollutant remediation may be a promising amendment for soil remediation in the same coastal territory. The study aimed to assess the soil Cu-immobilizing, pH neutralizing, and nutrient improvement capabilities of a seaweed biochar when incorporated into degraded soil of the same coastal territory (Puchuncaví District, central Chile). Experimental design considered five treatments; degraded soil of Puchuncaví valley (C-), C- amended with either local seaweed biochar (B), vermicompost (V), or its mixture (BV), and a background soil (C+). Experimental soils were placed in pots and kept in a greenhouse (4 weeks). Lolium perenne was then sown and cultivated until week 11. Treatments amended with biochar (B and BV) significantly increased soil pH, available nitrogen and decreased Cu2+ ions. These treatments reached very high EC values but had no negative effect on plant yield. Regarding plant growth, V and BV significantly increased biomass, but V resulted in higher yield because of its higher nutritional status. It was concluded that seaweed biochar, made from local seaweed biomass of a coastal marine water pollutant remediation farm, may be an effective soil amendment for degraded soils of the same coastal territory, although its combination with an organic amendment should be considered.
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Cui, Fang, und Bo Yuan. „The Remediation Standards and Evaluation Methods for Remediation Effectiveness of Contaminated Soil“. Advanced Materials Research 414 (Dezember 2011): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.68.
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The contaminated soil remediation standard formulation's aim is under the premise of ensuring the reuse of contaminated land, to reduce or cut the contaminants which cause to receive in the more serious contaminated soil environment is insufficient to lead to greater ecological damage and health risks. In this paper, some suggestions on the establishment of remediation standards for contaminated soils such as clean technology factors, factors of soil background values, standards and regulations to control pollution of ecological factors and assessment of toxicological risks were put forward, based on the analysis of the disadvantages of soil environmental quality standard research on evaluation methods for remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil, commonly used evaluation methods, such as phytotoxicity testing, terrestrial invertebrate toxicity testing, soil microorganism toxicity testing and biomarker assessment methods were described. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed.
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Shuang, Cui, Han Qing und Zhang Tianyi. „Overview of leaching remediation of heavy metal contamination in soil“. E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502005.
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The remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil can be divided into bioremediation, physical remediation and chemical remediation. Chemical remediation mainly includes soil leaching and chemical curing. There are two kinds of soil leaching remediation methods: in situ soil leaching remediation and ectopic leaching remediation. The eluent of heavy metals in soil includes inorganic eluent, chelating agent, surfactant and so on. Soil leaching can be applied to the remediation of contaminated soil alone or combined with other remediation methods.
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Mazarji, Mahmoud, Muhammad Tukur Bayero, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva, Andrey Tereshchenko, Anna Timofeeva et al. „Realizing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Greener Remediation of Heavy Metals-Contaminated Soils by Biochar: Emerging Trends and Future Directions“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 24 (14.12.2021): 13825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413825.
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The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is always an important topic, as environmental contamination by HMs is of serious concern. Numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the UN’s sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. The aim of this study was to address how the soil-science professions may best successfully utilize biochar for greener remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock, and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated soil, were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, and present good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview summarized the current advances in the application for the remediation of HMs-polluted soils. Future views on the usage and possibilities for deploying biochar-based nanocomposites in polluted soils were discussed.
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Burlakovs, J., M. Klavins und A. Karklina. „Remediation of Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals by Using Zeolite and Humic Acid Additives“. Latvian Journal of Chemistry 51, Nr. 4 (01.12.2012): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10161-012-0019-6.
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- Soil remediation at contaminated sites very often needs customized approach, because of the different content of pollutants. Various technologies from simple soil excavation and transporting to hazardous waste landfills to different kinds of remediation by vitrification and the use of additives can be used for the treatment of soil. A series of remediation experiments using zeolites and humic acids were applied to soil contaminated with copper. Remediation can be performed with easily available additive materials of natural origin found near the place of application, in order to diminish the leaching of contaminants. Soils contaminated and spiked with copper were mixed with additives, and ion selective electrode potentiometry was used in order to establish the stability constants of humic-metal complexes. Thus the study provides an opportunity to gain information on the fate of copper variously mixed with potential remediation agents zeolites and humic acids - as additives to contaminated soils.
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Yi, Yong Min, und Kijune Sung. „Soil quality assessment of remediated soils“. Korean Ecological Engineering Society 9, Nr. 1 (30.12.2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33214/kees.2022.9.1.11.
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Since the use of the remediated soil is undetermined, the quality of the soil should be appropriately evaluated according to its future use. In this study, we developed a soil quality assessment method that can be applied to soils after the remediation process. Soil quality was assessed based on soils that require productivity for use in agricultural fields and landscaping in uncontaminated, contaminated, and remediated cases using soil washing, landfarming, and thermal desorption. The results showed that the quality of soil washing treated deteriorated the most compared to landfarming and thermal desorption-treated soil, assessed based on the case of use as field soil. In the case of thermal desorption, the range of reduction was smaller than that of soil washing, but soil quality decreased slightly after remediation. However, in the case of landfarming, there was no change in soil quality after remediation. The soil quality indices calculated for landscaping also decreased the most in the soil washing because organic matter and pH decreased during the process. In the case of thermal desorption and landfarming, all the soil quality decreased due to contamination, but it increased slightly after remediation. The two indices applied in this study, SQIT and SQIA, showed similar trends, suggesting that both can be used for soil quality evaluation. Further research is needed on how much the soil quality evaluation results presented in this study can reflect the various services the soil ecosystem provides, that is, the actual soil functions in these soils.
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Kowalska, Aneta, Marek Kucbel und Anna Grobelak. „Potential and Mechanisms for Stable C Storage in the Post-Mining Soils under Long-Term Study in Mitigation of Climate Change“. Energies 14, Nr. 22 (15.11.2021): 7613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227613.
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Carbon storage in soil increases along with remediation of post-mining soils. Despite many studies on the issue of carbon sequestration in soils, there is a knowledge gap in the potential and mechanisms of C sequestration in post-mining areas. This research, including nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, determines the soil organic carbon formation progress in a long-term study of limestone (S1), and lignite (S2) post-mining soil under different remediation stages. The main remediation target is reforesting; however, S2 was previously amended with sewage sludge. The study showed that for S1, the O-alkyl groups were the dominant fraction in sequestered soil. However, for S2, increased fractions of acetyl-C and aromatic C groups within remediation progress were observed. The remediation of S1 resulted in improved hydrophobicity and humification; however, the decrease in aromatic groups’ formation and C/N ratio was noted. For S2, we noticed an increase for all indicators for sequestered C stability, which has been assigned to the used sewage sludge in remediation techniques. While both post-mining soils showed huge potential for C sequestration, S2 showed much higher properties of sequestered C indicating its higher stabilization which can suggest that soils non-amended with sewage sludge (S1) require more time for stable storage of C.
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Li, Chun Rong, Abao Wei und Tao Chen. „Phytoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil“. Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (Oktober 2011): 2737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2737.
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Corn, sunflower and alfalfa were taken as remediation plants. Their phytoremediation and degradation kinetic of petroleum were investigated under field experiment. The results indicated that petroleum degradation rates of corn, sunflower and alfalfa remediation areas reached 42.5%, 46.4% and 44.7% after 150 days of remediation, which were increased by 100.5%, 118.9% and 110.8% compared with that in control area, respectively. Petroleum degradation rates of sunflower remediation areas﹥alfalfa remediation areas’﹥corn remediation areas’, whose half-lifes were 165d, 182d and 193d, respectively, which were decreased by 297d, 279d and 269d compared with that in control area, respectively. The remediation effects of corn, sunflower and alfalfa were obvious.
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Zheng, Haozhe. „Microbial Electrochemical-based Biofuel Cell System for Remediation of Oil Contaminated Soil“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (30.12.2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.3655.
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With the growing problem of oil seepage from gas stations around the world, remediation of oil-contaminated soils is receiving increased attention. Microbial electrochemical techniques have been shown to remove hydrocarbons from soil. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) show a strong potential to immobilize and dissipate contaminants using microorganisms. In this context, this review briefly introduces the conventional methods for remediation of petroleum soil contamination, focusing on the effects of different factors and configurations on the effectiveness of MFC remediation. Compared to traditional remediation methods, applying MFC to petroleum leaks in gas stations has better environmental and economic benefits. It does not require the application of chemicals or ex situ remediation of the soil, which largely reduces the cost and does not cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment such as soil or atmosphere. In the long term, this technology has a good potential to enhance the remediation effect by changing the applied electric field, soil texture, and petroleum degrading bacteria. In addition, making soil MFC simultaneously achieve combined remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and other contaminants remains to be studied. Finally, this paper emphasizes that there are few practical applications about MFC site remediation and there is a need to conduct site tests with large scale. If the pilot-scale tests are similar to the laboratory-scale treatment results, the technology will gain more popularity.
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Gwon, Yeseul, Seong Ryeol Kim und Eun Jung Kim. „Effect of Soil Washing Using Oxalic Acid on Arsenic Speciation and Bioaccessibility in Soils“. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, Nr. 4 (30.04.2020): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.4.218.
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Objectives : Soil washing process has been widely applied for remediation of contaminated soil with arsenic and heavy metals in Korea. The application of soil washing could change physical and chemical properties of soils and metal speciation in soil, which could affect the risk to the environment and human health. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate metal and arsenic speciation and their mobility in soil after soil remediation in order to evaluate effectiveness of soil remediation process and manage soil quality effectively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of arsenic in soil after remediation of arsenic contaminated soil via soil washing.Methods : Arsenic contaminated soil collected at the abandoned mine site was washing with oxalic acid. The arsenic contaminated soil was divided into 2,000-500 µm, 500-250 µm, 250-150 µm, 150-75 µm, 75-38 µm, < 38 µm particle size fractions. After soil washing for each soil particle size fraction, arsenic speciation via sequential extraction and bioaccessibility in the soils were evaluated. Results and Discussion : Generally, arsenic and metal concentrations were higher in the soil fractions with smaller particle sizes. But high arsenic concentration was observed at the large particle size fractions (>250 µm), which might be due to the presence of mineral phases containing arsenic such as arsenolite or pyrite in the large particle size fraction soils. Sequential extraction showed that arsenic in mine soils was majorly present as associated with amorphous oxides. After soil washing with oxalic acid, arsenic in soils associated with amorphous oxides was greatly decreased, whereas the arsenic fraction associated sulfide and organic matter was increased. Soil washing decreased the bioaccessible arsenic concentration (mg/kg) in soil, but increased the bioaccessibility (%) depending on the soil characteristics. Conclusions : Soil washing changed arsenic species in soils, which affected mobility and risk of arsenic in soil.
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Campillo-Cora, Claudia, Diego Soto-Gómez, Manuel Arias-Estévez und David Fernández-Calviño. „Assessment of Polluted Soil Remediation Using Bacterial Community Tolerance to Heavy Metals as an Indicator“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 10 (23.09.2022): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102280.
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The assessment of remediation on metal-polluted soils is usually focused on total and/or bioavailable metal content. However, these chemical variables do not provide direct information about reductions in heavy metals pressure on soil microorganisms. We propose the use of bacterial communities to evaluate the efficiency of three remediation techniques: crushed mussel shell (CMS) and pine bark (PB) as soil amendments and EDTA-washing. A soil sample was polluted with different doses of Cu, Ni, and Zn (separately). After 30 days of incubation, the remediation techniques were applied, and bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals determined. If bacterial communities develop tolerance, it is an indicator that the metal is exerting toxicity on them. Soil bacterial communities developed tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn in response to metal additions. After remediation, bacterial communities showed decreases in bacterial community tolerance to Cu, Ni, and Zn for all remediation techniques. For Cu and Ni, soil EDTA-washing showed the greatest reduction of bacterial community tolerance to Cu and Ni, respectively, while for Zn the soil amendment with PB was the most effective remediation technique. Thus, bacterial community tolerance to heavy metals successfully detect differences in the effectiveness of the three remediation techniques.
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Mangkoedihardjo, Sarwoko, und Harida Samudro. „Preventive remediation methods minimize soil pollution“. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (01.03.2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp60-65.
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<span>Soil quality is rich in various substances, as well as a rich variety of uses for life, which leads to the potential for pollution. Once soils are polluted, remediation is mitigative and must be carried out, which has been the focus of many studies so far. However, preventive remediation is the focus of the novelty of this study, which aims to prepare predictive methods. This is a literature review of various studies over the last ten years, which are related to soil quality indicators through the respiration process. Based on the soil microbial respiration process platform, which contains various substances, the results of this study found three preventive remediation methods, namely indicators of substance reactants, gas products, and toxicity to microbes. The three methods simply require measuring the parameters of biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand, in addition to specific measurements of carbon dioxide and microbial enumeration. The advantage of the preventive remediation method is the application of soil response indicators to various types and amounts of contaminants. The implementation of preventive remediation is prior to building infrastructure, which is able to predict changes in soil quality through monitoring, thereby minimizing the potential for mitigative remediation.</span>
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Bertin, Henri, Estefania Del Campo Estrada und Olivier Atteia. „Foam placement for soil remediation“. Environmental Chemistry 14, Nr. 5 (2017): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17003.
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Environmental contextSoil pollution is an important concern and remediation techniques, especially in situ techniques, should be studied. We investigate a new technique based on foam generation and placement inside the porous soil to improve the pollutant extraction. This technique could be useful when the soils are heterogeneous because it allows a complete soil sweeping. AbstractFoam can be generated in porous media, mainly by snap-off phenomena, by co-injecting gas and a surfactant solution. The liquid films that separate the gas bubbles, called lamellae, and gas trapping in small pores where capillary pressure is high generate a resistance to flow that drastically decreases fluid mobilities in porous media. Experiments performed with a 2D laboratory pilot consisting of two layers with different properties clearly highlight that foam is generated in the high-permeability layer and will divert flow towards the low-permeability region. This behaviour is of great interest for the remediation of heterogeneous polluted soils.
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Kpakol, N. N., T. Osasere-Omoruyi, D. C. Belonwu und S. E. Okoro. „Efficiency of cow horn-powder in the remediation of crude oil impacted soil“. Scientia Africana 23, Nr. 1 (30.03.2024): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i1.5.
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Efficiency of Cow-Horn Powder in the Remediation of Crude Oil Impacted Soil was evaluated. Five beds of 40cm by 40cm with depth 30cm, partitioned on 220cm2 plot of land in Aluu, Port Harcourt were used for the study. A volume, 0.9 liters of Crude Oil was used to contaminate 4 beds of partitioned soil per 0.18m2 and left undisturbed for 14 days. Three of the partitioned contaminated beds (XgCH, YgCH and ZgCH) were thereafter bio-stimulated with 50g, 75g and 100g respectively of Cow Horn-Powder. The 4th served as negative control and the 5th, neither stimulated nor contaminated. Soil samples in triplicates, collected from depth 0-25cm from various beds at day zero soil contamination, Biostimulation Week 6 and 8 respectively were homogenized and analyzed for relevant Hydrocarbon indices, Heavy Metals and Physico-chemicals using standard methods. The highest remediation concentrations of the TPH which ranged between 652.11±0.0050 mg/kg and 893.20±0.005 mg/kg and PAH (92.99±0.001 mg/kg and 54.08±0.001 mg/kg) after eight weeks of remediation yielded 59.1% and 42.0% respectively. Degrees of reductions which ranged between 0.10±0.01 and 26.0±0.05 were recorded in the values of the Heavy Metals (Ni, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Cd). Accordingly, significant differences (P≤0.05) were noticed between the values of TPH, PAH and Heavy Metals of the impacted soils and controls. Results suggest that Cow Horn-Powder is potent in remediating Crude Oil impacted Soils.
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Yan, Yunxian, Lingqing Wang und Jun Yang. „The Willingness and Technology Preferences of Farmers and Their Influencing Factors for Soil Remediation“. Land 11, Nr. 10 (17.10.2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101821.
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Farmers are one of the major uncertainty factors in remediation of contamination farmland. Based on the face-to-face questionnaire survey data of 553 farmers in 4 heavy metal-contaminated agricultural soil remediation projects in China, this study used methods, such as structural equation modeling and random forest to explore farmers’ willingness to remediate, technology preference, and their key influencing factors for the first time. The results showed that farmers were willing to remediate contaminated soil and preferred phytoremediation, with 82.8% choosing phytoremediation, 12.5% choosing passivation, and 4.7% believing that the soil did not need to be remediated. In terms of willingness to remediate, the perceived benefits from participation in current remediation projects directly contributed to future willingness, with participation status (total impact coefficient 0.86) and perceived benefits (impact coefficient 0.49) being the main factors positively influencing farmers’ willingness. With regard to technology preference, technical characteristics (soil quality, 17.1%; secondary contamination, 16.8%; and remediation period, 11.5%) were the main influencing factors. The sustainability of passivation effect and the possible secondary contamination restrict the promotion of passivation, whereas the cessation of agricultural production during the long remediation period restricts the promotion of phytoremediation. It is recommended to increase farmers’ willingness to remediate by improving their perceived benefits and continuously overcoming the technical barriers by: (i) developing efficient and green passivators; and (ii) improving the efficiency of phytoremediation as well as intercropping or rotating cash crops while remediating. The results have important reference value for soil remediation in agricultural countries with small arable land per capita.
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Itam, Daniel Hogan, Ngozi Uzor Udeh und Ejikeme Ugwoha. „Modelling and Optimizing the Effect of pH on Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil with Biochar Blend: RSM Approach“. Advances in Research 24, Nr. 3 (15.03.2023): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2023/v24i3942.
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This research modelled the effect of pH on the remediation of crude oil-polluted soil using biochar blend. The biochar blends, PL-500, pW-500, and RS-400, were made by pyrolyzing poultry litter, pine wood, and rice straw at varied temperatures and times. The pH of the crude oil polluted soil was 4.72. Response surface experimental design mixed biochar to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Following 30 days of bioremediation, 15g PL-500, 3g PW-500 and 6g RS-400, removed a maximum of 46% TPH. The experimental data were statistically modelled and optimized using design expert software and response surface methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of each regression coefficient. Biochar blend improved soil pH to 6.9 following remediation. ANOVA indicated that PL-500 was significant for predicting TPH % degradation at p =0.0290, suggesting that its high pH, nutrient, and soil water conservation values made it more effective in remediating TPH. The quadratic model predicts with R2 =0.8567. A model fit statistics were used to examine soil pH influence on TPH remediation. RSM study indicated a good positive association between statistical model and experiment with R2 = 0.7612. The model fits experimental data and predicts that . Remediation requires soil pH and biochar's alkalinity raised soil pH to 6.9, which promoted hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria.
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Zhao, Lei, Cong Lyu und Yu Li. „Analysis of Factors Influencing Plant–Microbe Combined Remediation of Soil Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 19 (26.09.2021): 10695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910695.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in soil. Their biological toxicity and carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Firstly, the sources, physicochemical properties, and environmental hazards of PAHs are reviewed in this paper, and then their pollution status and different methods for their detection in soil are described in detail. The remediation technologies to treat pollution in the field and farmland are compared, and the technical status and factors influencing phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs in contaminated soil are evaluated in the most comprehensive way. The mechanisms of phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil under different conditions are innovatively discussed. Additionally, the regulation mechanism of enzymes involved in plant and microbial degradation of PAHs in soils is studied. This is the first study on the regulation mechanism of degradation enzyme in a PAHs review. The aim of this paper is to review the pollution status, remediation technologies, mechanisms, and biodegradation actions of PAHs in soil. This review creatively provides reliable technical support for strengthening soil remediation and environmental management.