Thematische Bibliographien / Soil practicals

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Soil practicals“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Blanco-Canqui, Humberto, Sabrina J. Ruis, Carol A. Speth und Donald J. Lee. „Teaching Undergraduate Soil Management to Diverse Majors: Linking Lectures with Field Practicals“. Natural Sciences Education 47, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2018): 180017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4195/nse2018.09.0017.

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Hale, Sarah E., Antonio José Roque, Gudny Okkenhaug, Erlend Sørmo, Thomas Lenoir, Christel Carlsson, Darya Kupryianchyk, Peter Flyhammar und Bojan Žlender. „The Reuse of Excavated Soils from Construction and Demolition Projects: Limitations and Possibilities“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (28.05.2021): 6083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116083.

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The construction and demolition of infrastructure can produce a surplus of excavated soils that ends up at landfills. This practice is not sustainable, and approaches are needed to reduce soil waste and minimize environmental and human health hazards. The “Reuse of urban soils and sites” Working Group in the European Large Geotechnical Institute Platform (ELGIP) works towards a safe and resource efficient use of excavated soils for construction. By considering relevant literature and practicals based on experience in the participating ELGIP countries (France, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden), this study presents current practice related to the reuse of excavated soils, and the main barriers (regulatory, organizational, logistical and material quality) to effectively reuse them. Results show that there is no consensus on the best strategies to manage excavated soils in urban areas. This paper provides suggestions of ways in which stakeholders can increase reuse of excavated soils.

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Anna, Gałązka, Gawryjołek Karolina, Grządziel Jarosław und Księżak Jerzy. „Effect of different agricultural management practices on soil biological parameters including glomalin fraction“. Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 7 (19.07.2017): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/207/2017-pse.

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The aim of the study was to determine the glycoproteins content (total glomalin (TG), easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and soil proteins related to glomalin (GRSP)) in soil under long-term monoculture of maize. Soil microbiological and biochemical properties, including microbial biomass and enzymatic activity were also assessed. The presence of total, easily-extractable glomalin and soil proteins related to glomalin was dependent on both the growth phase of the plant and tillage system. The highest content of glomalin was detected in the soils under maize in direct sowing and reduced tillage. The glomalin content was correlated with soil biological activity. The linear regression was observed between TG and GRSP content, but no linear relationship was found between GRSP and C<sub>org</sub>. The principal component analysis showed the strong correlations between the parameters of soil quality and biodiversity indicators. Selected indicators of soil microbial parameters explained 52.27% biological variability in soils.

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Coughlan, KJ, D. Mcgarry, RJ Loch, B. Bridge und GD Smith. „The measurement of soil structure - Some practical initiatives“. Soil Research 29, Nr. 6 (1991): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910869.

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Soil structure has many aspects, and it is difficult to measure and characterize, particularly in soils where structure changes with wetting and drying. There is a need for soundly based methods robust enough to be used routinely on a range of soils. Such methods should also provide parameters for use in soil, hydrological and agronomic process models to enable the effect of soil structure to be simulated. This paper describes five methods and presents some results of indices which are proving useful in soils studies. An index of aggregate breakdown is derived from the proportion of sizes <0.125 mm formed in the soil surface under simulated rain. This index closely relates to infiltration and erodibility in the field. Disc permeameters, operated at a range of tensions, offer a convenient way to identify the various size classes of larger pores that are available to transmit water into soil under low energy wetting. The presence of many pores in the 0-7-3.0 mm range is linked with farmer observations of better soil structure in the field. It has been used to compare treatments and provide soil hydrologic parameters in soils that do not seal or are protected from heavy rain. In Vertisols, characterizing structure degradation and also the propensity for self-mulching present difficulties. Indices derived from clod shrinkage studies can discriminate between different treatment histories and different field soil structure. The proportion of oriented clay can also be used to diagnose soil structural damage by farming operations. Self-mulching is an important phenomenon in some Vertisols which is not, in general, well understood. Further work is needed to validate and improve each of the indices reviewed. Studies using the methods outlined could provide sufficient understanding of structural processes for them to be modelled. Key criteria for use in system simulations and quantitative land evaluation might then be measured (or modelled) by simplified, routine methods.

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Krasekha, E. N., und V. I. Trigub. „COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH «SOILS OF THE LVIV REGION»: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE“. Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 26, Nr. 1(38) (04.09.2021): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234719.

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The peer-reviewed collective monograph “Soils of the Lviv region” reflects longterm studies of the genetic nature, geographical distribution, composition andproperties of the main types and subtypes of soils in the Lviv region. The monograph contains: a preface, 10 chapters, a list of used literature, an application, information about the authors. The text is illustrated with tables, figures, modern photographs of soil profiles. The total volume of the monograph is 424 pages. This is the first theoretical and practical scientific work, which contains full information on the state of soils and soil cover in the Lviv region. Until now, the main source of information about the soils of the region were the materials of a large-scale soil survey carried out in 1957–1961 years and consecrated in the publications of Y. Olenchuk andA. Nikolin “The soils of Lviv region”, which was published in 1969. The peerreviewed monograph is a fundamental scientific work in the field of soil research, problems of modern lands use and protections.

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Shrestha, Shiva Kumar. „Sustainable soil management practices“. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 12, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-07-2014-0015.

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Purpose – Temporary and permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land due to natural and human-induced activities such as soil erosion, changing cropping practices and less use of organic matter (OM) has been the greatest challenge faced by mankind in recent years, particularly in the hills and mountains of Nepal. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of sustainable soil management practices to mitigate desertification process in the hills of Nepal. Design/methodology/approach – Promotion of sustainable soil management (SSM) practices through a decentralised agriculture extension approach by involving all the stakeholders in a participatory way. Findings – SSM practices mainly: OM management, fodder and forage promotion, increased biomass production systems, integrated plant nutrition systems, and bioengineering for soil and water conservation are identified as the most appropriate and relevant technologies in mitigating the desertification process without deteriorating land quality, particularly conserving the top-soils effectively and efficiently in the hills and mountains of the country. Research limitations/implications – This research is focus on the overall effect of SSM practices due to time and budget constraints. There is scope for doing research on the different aspects of SSM practices and the extent of their effect on different soil parameters (chemical, biological and physical). Practical implications – SSM interventions clearly indicated that there is significant impact in increasing soil fertility, conserving fertile top-soils and mitigating physical, chemical and biologic desertification processes. These are possible through maintaining and improving the soil organic matter, which is the most important indicator for soil health. SSM practices have resulted in an increase of up to 30 per cent in crop yield compared to yields without SSM practices. This might be due to the improvement in SOC which improves soil texture, increases nutrient supply from organic source and conserves water quality, thus, improving soil quality. Social implications – This has created awareness among farmers. Hence, farmers are mitigating pH through increased use of organic manures, where there is less availability of agriculture lime and they are far from road access. Originality/value – SSM practices significantly contributes to combat soil desertification in the hills of Nepal.

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Shrestha, Ram K. „Soil Fertility under Improved and Conventional Management Practices in Sanga, Kavrepalanchowk District, Nepal“. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 9 (30.11.2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11639.

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A study was carried out to compare the fertility of soils under improved soil management practice with that of prevailing conventional practice and to assess the farmers’ perception on the improved practice in the upland farming system. The study was carried out in Nasikasthan Sanga of Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal. Soil samples were collected from fields under improved conventional practice. Samples were taken at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and were analyzed for various physico-chemical properties to compare the fertility status of the soils under both the practices. Altogether 68 farmers were interviewed to have information on farming practices and information pertinent to improved soil management practice being adopted by them. Results from soil physico-chemical analysis showed higher fertility of soils under improved practice in terms of more favorable pH level, contents of exchangeable bases, available phosphorus and soil organic matter compared to prevailing conventional soil management practice. Moreover, majority of the farmers believed that soil fertility and physical condition of their upland soils had improved and that the productivity of major upland crops had also increased after the adoption of improved soil management practice. Improved practice could play an important role in the sustainable management of upland soils in the mid hills of Nepal. It is however, desirable to conduct long-term research to further ascertain the effect of the practice on soil fertility of different soil types and land uses.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 27-39DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11639

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Rhymes, Jennifer M., Irene Cordero, Mathilde Chomel, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Angela L. Straathof, Deborah Ashworth, Holly Langridge et al. „Are researchers following best storage practices for measuring soil biochemical properties?“ SOIL 7, Nr. 1 (26.04.2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-95-2021.

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Abstract. It is widely accepted that the measurement of organic and inorganic forms of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils should be performed on fresh extracts taken from fresh soil samples. However, this is often not possible, and it is common practice to store samples (soils and/or extracts), despite a lack of guidance on best practice. We utilised a case study on a temperate grassland soil taken from different depths to demonstrate how differences in soil and/or soil extract storage temperature (4 or −20 ∘C) and duration can influence sample integrity for the quantification of soil-dissolved organic C and N (DOC and DON), extractable inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3-) and microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN). The appropriateness of different storage treatments varied between topsoils and subsoils, highlighting the need to consider appropriate storage methods based on soil depth and soil properties. In general, we found that storing soils and extracts by freezing at −20 ∘C was least effective at maintaining measured values of fresh material, whilst refrigerating (4 ∘C) soils for less than a week for DOC and DON and up to a year for MBC and MBN and refrigerating soil extracts for less than a week for NH4+ and NO3- did not jeopardise sample integrity. We discuss and provide the appropriate tools to ensure researchers consider best storage practice methods when designing and organising ecological research involving assessments of soil properties related to C and N cycling. We encourage researchers to use standardised methods where possible and to report their storage treatment (i.e. temperature, duration) when publishing findings on aspects of soil and ecosystem functioning. In the absence of published storage recommendations for a given soil type, we encourage researchers to conduct a pilot study and publish their findings.

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Tan, Lin, Songsong Gu, Shi Li, Zuohua Ren, Ye Deng, Zhonghua Liu, Zhihua Gong, Wenjun Xiao und Qiulong Hu. „Responses of Microbial Communities and Interaction Networks to Different Management Practices in Tea Plantation Soils“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 16 (16.08.2019): 4428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164428.

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Soil microorganisms play important roles in the plant health and agricultural production. However, little is known about the complex responses of microbial communities and interaction networks to different agricultural management practices in tea plantation soils. In the present study, Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular ecological network (MEN) analysis were used to investigate the soil microbial diversity, community structure and composition, interaction networks of organic tea plantation (OTP), non-polluted tea plantation (NPTP) and conventional tea plantation (CTP). Alpha-diversity indices, Chao1 and richness, of OTP soil were significantly higher than those of NPTP and CTP soils. The beta-diversity analysis showed there were significant differences among bacterial community structures of OTP, NPTP and CTP soils. Composition analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were the most dominant bacteria in all tea plantation soil samples under different management practices, and the beneficial community compositions of OTP soil were significantly different from NPTP and CTP soils at the phylum and genus levels. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and mantel test revealed that TOC and NO3-N contents as well as pH values were the key soil factors to affect the bacterial community structures of tea plantation soils. Furthermore, network analysis showed that the network of OTP soil possessed more functionally interrelated microbial modules than NPTP and CTP soils, indicating that OTP soil possessed the higher ecosystem multi-functionality. These results provided the theoretical basis and reference for improving soil microbial diversity and enhancing community multi-functionality in tea plantation soil ecosystems through effective agricultural management practices.

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Chan, KY, und JA Mead. „Surface physical properties of a sandy loam soil under different tillage practices“. Soil Research 26, Nr. 3 (1988): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880549.

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The infiltration behaviour and physical properties of a hardsetting sandy loam soil at Cowra, N.S.W., following 2 years of different tillage treatments are reported. Soil that had not been cultivated for 25 years was also investigated at an adjacent pasture site. Infiltration of simulated rainfall at the end of the wheat-growing season gave moisture profiles that were quite different for cultivated, direct drilled and pasture soils. The moisture profile for the cultivated soil suggested the presence of an impeded layer which retarded the movement of infiltrated rain to the subsoil. Porosity measurements confirmed the presence of a layer with significantly fewer macropores (> 300 �m diameter) at the 50-100 mm depth in the cultivated soil, when compared with the direct drilled soil. The old pasture soil had significantly higher porosity (> 300 �m diameter) in the top 100 mm. Aggregate stabilities and organic carbon contents were measured in narrow increments to 150 mm depth for the three different soils, and revealed that a surface 25 mm layer of high organic carbon and highly stable macro-aggregates was present in the pasture and direct drilled soils but absent in the cultivated soil. The unstable surface layer in the conventionally cultivated soil was a consequence of the mixing and inverting action of cultivation and was not due to a net loss of organic carbon from the profile. The organic carbon content of the pasture soil was not significantly different from the direct drilled soil below 50 mm; however, it was significantly lower than the conventionally cultivated soil between 50 and 150 mm depth. These results indicate a need to adopt tillage practices that can preserve the top 25 mm layer of such fragile soils.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Albertus, Randal Marius Colin. „The influence of different management practices on soil faunal activity in vineyard soils“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53129.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Food demands for the ever-increasing human population is increasing the pressure on the agricultural sector to produce more food. In order to satisfy these demands, farmers are turning to chemical biocides for the control of pest species to produce greater crop yields. All pesticides must be toxic or poisonous to the target species they intend to control. Unfortunately, most pesticides are toxic or poisonous to non-target organisms as well, with detrimental effects on their health. Organic farming was developed to enhance the overall health of the farm's natural soilmicrobe- plant-animal biodiversity. No synthetic fertilisers and/or pesticides are used when farming organically. Life in the soil consists of intricate food webs and interactions between the soil dwelling invertebrates. The soil-organisms are divided into three main groups, viz., Micro-organisms (e.g. protozoa, bacteria and fungi) mesofauna (nematodes, Collembola and Acari) and macro-fauna (e.g. millipedes, isopods, insects, molluscs and earthworms). The invertebrates are very susceptible to chemical contamination by chemical biocides in natural and agro-ecosystems. The soil invertebrate communities are responsible for the decomposition of organic material in soil, thereby remineralising the soil. The decomposition processes start with comminution of the large pieces of organic material by meso- and macro-fauna and ends with the micro-fauna and microbial organisms that complete these processes by returning the nutrients in an inorganic form to the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent the soil organisms are influenced by different management practices viz., organic management practices versus conventional management practices. A vineyard on the farm Plaisir de Merle, in Simondium, Western Cape was used for the present study. One half of a one hectare vineyard was managed organically and the other half conventionally. Within each vineyard block six different treatments were performed. Three of the treatments were strictly organic and the other three were strictly conventional. Four replicates of each management treatment were performed. The bait-lamina technique was used to assess the feeding activity of the soil organisms exposed to the different management treatments. In addition to the bait-lamina trials in the vineyard itself, bait-lamina tests were performed in microcosm studies with soil from the organically and conventionally managed vineyard blocks under controlled conditions. In order to assess the impact of the various pesticides that are used in the vineyards in the conventional way, on the soil fauna, standard acute toxicity tests and behavioural tests were performed on Eisenia fetida, the compost worm. The bait-lamina tests in the vineyard revealed that the moisture content of the soil plays an important role in the biological activity of soil fauna. The different management treatments did affect the biological activity of the soil fauna, but seasonal changes also proved to be one of the important factors governing biological processes in the soil. The acute toxicity tests showed that the active ingredients (mancozeb, penconazole and trifloxystrobin) of three of the pesticides that were tested in this study, had negatively affected E. fetida at their recommended application concentrations. The remaining two pesticides' active ingredients (glyphosate and N-acetyl salicylic acid) did not affect the earthworms negatively at the recommended application concentrations. The preference behavioural trials showed that E. fetida could detect and avoid contaminated substrates at the LCso-concentrations of the different pesticides. All the earthworms were influenced positively in the preference behaviour experiments. Because of certain limitations of the bait-lamina technique, it was difficult to formulate conclusions on what happens in the soil. A possible explanation for the differences in feeding activity of soil fauna could be attributed to the migration of the soil fauna to more habitable soil horizons during the dry summer conditions, when most of the pesticides are applied. The ecological relevance of the acute toxicity tests conducted need to be investigated further. It is clear that the acute toxicity tests provided important information that should be considered, but care should be taken and the necessary safety factors be determined and considered when doing risk assessment studies. The results of the preference behaviour studies showed that for certain pesticides E. fetida can be a sensitive bioindicator of acute and/or sub-acute lethal toxicity testing but this might not necessarily be the case for other pesticides. The goal of doing laboratory studies is to gain as much information to make reliable extrapolations to field situations from laboratory data. Laboratory-to-field extrapolations are very complicated because of the physico-chemical composition of soil, the unpredictable way pesticides behave within soil and the reaction of soil organisms to the soil and to the chemical biocides that are used. Further studies need to be done in order to fully understand to what extent the soil fauna were affected by the different management practices applied to the vineyard at Plaisir de Merle.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voedsel aanvraag vir die toenemende menslike bevolking plaas groot druk op die landbou sektor om meer kos te produseer. Om aan die voedsel eise te voldoen, gebruik boere al meer chemiese biosiede om pesspesies te bestry. Alle pestisiede moet toksies of giftig wees vir die teiken organisme waarvoor dit bestem is. Ongelukkig is die meeste pestisiede ook toksies of giftig vir nie-teiken organismes, wat tot nadelige effekte op hul gesonheid kan lei. Organiese boerdery is ontwikkel om die algehele gesondheid van die plaas se natuurlike grond-mikrobe-plant-dier biodiversiteit te bevorder. Geen sintetiese bemestingstowwe en/of pestisiede mag gebruik word wanneer daar organies geboer word nie. Die lewe in die grond bestaan uit ingewikkelde voedselwebbe en interaksies tussen die grondlewende invertebrate. Die grond invertebrate word verdeel in drie hoof groepe, nl. mikro-organismes (bv. Protozoa, bakterieë en fungi) meso fauna (Nematoda, Collembole en Acari) en makrofauna (bv. Millipoda, Isopoda, Insecta, Mollusca en erdwurms). Die Invertebrata is die mees vatbaarste vir chemiese kontaminasie deur chemiese biosiedes in natuurlike en landbou ekosisteme. Die grond invertebraat gemeenskappe is verantwoordelik vir die afbreek van alle organiese materiaal in die grond en dus vir remineralisering van die grond. Die afbreekproses begin by die komminusie van groter stukke organiese materiaal deur die meso- en makrofauna en eindig met die mikrofauna en mikrobes wat die prosesse voltooi deur die nutriente terug te plaas in die vorm van anorganiese produkte in die grond. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te ondersoek of, en tot watter mate, grond organismes geraak word deur verskillende grondbestuurspraktyke, nl. Organiese grondbestuurspraktyke teenoor die konvensionele grondbestuurspraktyke. 'n Wingerd op die plaas Plaisir de Merle, in Simondium, Wes-Kaap, was gebruik vir die huidige studie. Een helfte van 'n een hektaar wingerd is organies bestuur en die ander helfte is op die konvensionele manier bestuur. Op elk van die twee wingerd blokke is ses verskillende behandelings toegepas. Drie van die behandelings was streng organies en die ander drie was streng konvensioneel van aard. Vier replikate van elke behandeling is toegepas op elk van die twee wingerdblokke. Die bait-lamina metode is gebruik om die voedingsaktiwiteit van die grond organismes te asses seer. As toevoeging tot die bait-lamina proewe in die wingerd self, is bait-lamina toetse ook in mikro-kosmosse in die laboratorium gedoen met grond afkomstig vanaf die twee wingerdblokke. Om die impak van die verskillende pestisiede op die grondorganismes te ondersoek, is standaard akute toksisteitstoestse en gedragstoetse uitgevoer met die komposerdwurm, Eisenia fetida. Die bait-lamina resultate in die wingerd het getoon dat die voginhoud van die grond die belangrikste rol speel wat die biologiese aktiwiteit van die grondorganismes beïnvloed. Die verskillende behandelings het die biologiese aktiwiteit van die grond fauna geaffekteer, maar seisoenale veranderings is ook uitgesonder as een van die bepalende faktore wat die biologiese prosesse in die grond stuur. Die akute toksisiteitstoetse het getoon dat die aktiewe bestandeie van drie van die pestisiede (mancozeb, penconazole en trifloxystrobin), E. fetida negatief beïnvloed het teen die aanbeveelde konsentrasies wat toegedien is. Die aktiewe bestandeie van die ander twee pestiede (glyphosate en N-asetiel sallisiel suur) het nie die erdwurms nadelig beïnvloed teen die aanbeveelde konsentrasies wat toegedien is nie. Die gedragsproewe het getoon dat E. fetida die LCso-konsentrasies van al die verskillende pestisiede kan waarneem en vermy. Al die erdwurms is positief beïnvloed in die gedragseksperimente met die verskillende pestisiede. Omdat die bait-laminametode sekere beperkings het, was dit moeilik om tot gevolgtrekkings te kom oor wat presies in die grond gebeur. 'n Moontlike verklaring vir die verskillende voedingsaktiwiteite van die grond fauna kan toegereken word aan die migrasie van die grondorganismes na meer leefbare grondhorisonne gedurende die droë somer toestande, wat toevallig met die spuit van die meeste pestisiede ooreenstem. Die ekologiese relevansie van die akute toksisiteitstoetse wat uitgevoer is, moet meer deeglik ondersoek word. Die belangrikheid van die akute toksisteitstoetse is duidelik en het waardevolle informasie gelewer, maar sorg moet geneem word, en die nodige veiligheids faktore moet bepaal word en in ag geneem word, wanneer riskobepalingstudies gedoen word. Die gedragsproewe het getoon dat vir sekere pestisiede E. fetida 'n sensitiewe bioindikator van akute en/of sub-akute letale toksisiteits toetse kan wees, maar nie noodwendig vir ander pestisiede nie. Die doel van laboratoriumstudies is om so veel as moontlik inligting te versamelom vertroubare ekstrapolasie te kan maak na situasies in die veld vanaf laboratorium data. Laboratorium-na-veld ekstrapolasies is dikwels baie gekompliseerd as gevolg van die fisies-chemiese samestelling van die grond, die onvoorspelbare manier waarop chemiese pestisiede met die grond reageer en die reaksie van die grondorganismes op chemiese biosiede in die grond. Verdere studies moet gedoen word om so deeglik maanlik die mate van die impak wat die verskillende bestuurspraktyke op die grond fauna het, te verstaan op Plaisir de Merle.

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Hwang, Sang Won. „Sustainable use of soil resource base in the Dominican Republic : a farm level economic analysis of soil conservation practices /“. This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01122010-020205/.

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Dittmer, Kyle Michael. „Mitigating Gaseous Nitrogen and Carbon Losses from Northeastern Agricultural Soils via Alternative Soil Management Practices“. ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1161.

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Traditional agricultural practices often result in gaseous losses of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2), representing a net loss of nutrients from agricultural soils, which negatively impacts crop yield and requires farmers to increase nutrient inputs. By adopting best management practices (BMPs; i.e., no-tillage, cover crops, sub-surface manure application, and proper manure application timing), there is great potential to reduce these losses. Because N2O and CO2 are also greenhouse gases (GHGs), climate change mitigation via BMP adoption and emissions reductions would be an important co-benefit. However, adopting a no-tillage and cover cropping system has had setbacks within the Northeast, primarily due to concerns regarding manure nitrogen (N) losses in no-tillage systems as well as uncertainty surrounding the benefits of cover crops. This thesis used two field-trials located in Alburgh, Vermont to assess differences in (i) GHG emissions from agricultural soils, (ii) nitrate and ammonium retention, (iii) corn yield and protein content, and (iv) N uptake and retention via cover crop scavenging under a combination of different BMPs. Chapter 1 evaluates the effects of different reduced-tillage practices and manure application methods (i.e., vertical-tillage, no-tillage, manure injection, and broadcast manure application) on reducing N2O and CO2 emissions, retaining inorganic N, and improving crop yields. Greenhouse gas measurements were collected every other week for the growing season of 2015-2017 via static chamber method using a photoacoustic gas analyzer. Results from this study showed that tillage regimes and manure application method did not interact to affect any of the three research objectives, although differences between individual BMPs were observed. Notably, vertical tillage enhanced CO2 emissions relative to no-tillage, demonstrating the role of soil disturbance and aeration on aerobic microbial C transformations. Manure injection was found to significantly enhance both N2O and CO2 emission relative to broadcast application, likely due to the formation of anerobic micro-zones created from liquid manure injection. However, plots that received manure injection retained greater concentrations of soil nitrate, a vital nutrient for quality crop production, thereby highlighting a major tradeoff between gaseous N losses and N retention with manure injection. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of tillage practices and timing of manure application to increase N retention with the use of cover crops in order to mitigate GHG emissions, enhance soil nitrate and ammonium retention, and improve cropping system N uptake. Treatments at this field trial consisted of a combination of the presence or absence of cover crops, no-tillage or conventional-tillage, and spring or fall manure application. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured every other week via static chamber method using a gas chromatograph for the growing season of 2018. Results from this study showed that the presence of cover crops enhanced both N2O and CO2 emissions relative to fallow land, irrespective of tillage regime and manure application season, likely as a result of greater N and carbon substrates entering the soil upon cover crop decomposition. Due to enhanced N2O emissions with cover crops, cover crops did not retain significantly greater inorganic N in the system upon termination.

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Fung, Ka Fai. „Effects of agronomic practices on aluminium and fluoride concentrations in soil and tea plants“. HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/244.

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Huang, Xuewen. „Analysis of effects of soil properties, topographical variables and management practices on spatial-temporal variability of crop yields“. Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Botha, Pieter Barend. „The effect of long-term tillage practices on selected soil properties in the Swartland wheat production area of the Western Cape“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79906.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The effect of long-term tillage on basic soil properties with respect to sustainability was investigated in this dissertation. Over the last three decades soil conservation has become an important prerequisite for sustainable agriculture. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different tillage practices on the physical and some of the chemical properties of soil after 37 years of continuous application. This study was conducted on the Langgewens experimental farm, 18 km north of Malmesbury in the Western Cape. The experiment was initiated in 1975 on a Glenrosa (Haploxeralf) soil form with a gravelly sandy-loam texture. It was treated with four main tillage methods, namely conventional, tine, minimum and no-tillage. Important basic soil properties studied were the electrical conductivity (EC) and total carbon percentage, water stable aggregate percentage, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity. Most of the properties were analysed for the 0-100 mm and 100-200 mm depths. Seasonal bulk density variation for the 0-100 mm soil depth was determined by a Troxler surface gamma-neutron meter for in situ measurement. ANOVA’s and Tukey’s LSD posthoc tests were computed to assess whether significant statistical differences existed between tillage treatments. No-tillage proved to be beneficial in terms of salinity and had the lowest electrical conductivity, indicating that salts leeched out of the profile. Total carbon content was in general very low and in the 0-100 mm soil depth it decreased in the order of: no (0.92%), minimum (0.86%), tine (0.83%) and conventional tillage (0.51%). Aggregate stability was significantly the lowest under conventional (47.82%) and tine tillage (45.02%) compared to minimum (61.43%) and no-tillage (78.40%) at 0-100 mm depth. This can be explained by the relatively low amount of total carbon in the soil combined with the tillage intensity. The same trend was observed for the 100-200 mm depth. Significant correlation between total carbon content and aggregate stability for the 0-100 mm confirmed that an increase in total carbon in the soil would lead to an increase in aggregate stability. Significant, increased aggregate stability under the no-tillage treatment would therefore indicate that there may be some stable structure present in the soil. Seasonal bulk density variation was the lowest in no-tillage, which supports the manifestations of stable soil structure. More intensive tillage treatments such as conventional and tine tillage initially showed lower bulk densities, but only for the first month. Thereafter it increased to significantly higher values as the season progressed. This was mainly as a result of hardsetting of the soil which is driven by natural processes and rainfall. It is also due to the sandy loam texture that is particularly prone to compaction. Hydraulic conductivity studied for conventional and no-tillage showed significant differences. No-tillage (41 mm.h-1) showed a noticeably higher conductivity, which remained constant compared to conventional tillage (20 mm.h-1) that decreased over time. The main reasons for this increased hydraulic conductivity under no-tillage was higher water stable aggregates and lower bulk density. In the long term no-tillage thus stimulated structure formation of a Glenrosa soil form that significantly improved soil properties studied. These properties may influence processes such as water infiltration, water storage, run-off and drainage positively, due to soil property interaction. No-tillage, in terms of sustainability, quantified by the soil properties studied, thus proved to be superior compared to conventional and tine tillage but to a lesser extent if compared to minimum tillage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die effek van langtermynbewerking op basiese grondeienskappe met betrekking tot volhoubaarheid ondersoek. Oor die afgelope drie dekades het grondbewaring ‘n belangrike aspek in landbou geword, ten einde volhoubaarheid te verseker. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van verskillende bewerkingspraktyke op die fisiese en chemiese eienskappe van grond na 37 jaar van deurlopende bewerking te ondersoek. Die studie is uitgevoer op die Langgewens eksperimentele plaas, 18 km noord van Malmesbury in die Wes-Kaap. Die eksperiment is in 1975 geïnisieer op 'n Glenrosa (Haploxeralf) grondvorm met ŉ klipperige sandleem-tekstuur. Dit bestaan uit vier hoof-bewerkingsbehandelings, naamlik konvensionele, tand-, minimum en geenbewerking. Belangrike basiese grondeienskappe wat bestudeer is, is die elektriese geleidingsvermoë (EG) en die totale persentasie koolstof, persentasie waterstabiele aggregate, bulkdigtheid en hidrouliese geleiding. Die meeste van die eienskappe is ontleed op die 0-100 mm en 100-200 mm diepte. Seisoenale bulkdigtheidsvariasie vir die 0-100 mm gronddiepte is bepaal deur 'n Troxler oppervlak gamma-neutron meter deur middel van in situ meting. ANOVA en Tukey se LSD posthoc-toetse is bereken om te bepaal of daar statisties-beduidende verskille tussen die bewerkingsmetodes is. Geenbewerking het geblyk voordelig te wees in terme van die soutgehalte en het die laagste elektriese geleidingsvermoë gehad, wat daarop dui dat die soute uit die profiel loog. Die totale koolstofinhoud was oor die algemeen baie laag en in die 0-100 mm gronddiepte het dit afgeneem in die volgorde geen- (0.92%), minimum- (0.86%), tand- (0.83%) en konvensionele bewerking (0.51%). Aggregaatstabiliteit was betekenisvol die laagste onder konvensionele (47.82%) en tandbewerking (45.02%) in vergelyking met die minimum (61.43%) en geenbewerking (78.40%) by die 0-100 mm diepte en kan verduidelik word deur die relatief lae totale koolstofinhoud in die grond gekombineer met die bewerkings-intensiteit. Dieselfde tendens is waargeneem vir die 100-200 mm diepte. ‘n Beduidende korrelasie tussen totale koolstofinhoud en aggregaatstabiliteit is vir die 0-100 mm diepte gevind en dit bevestig dat 'n toename in totale koolstof in die grond sal lei tot 'n toename in aggregaatstabiliteit. Betekenisvolle verhoogde aggregaatstabiliteit onder die geenbewerking-behandeling sal dus aandui dat die grond 'n meer stabiele struktuur vertoon. Seisoenale bulkdigtsheidsvariasie was die laagste in geenbewerking en ondersteun die manifestasies van 'n stabiele grondstruktuur. Meer intensiewe bewerkingsbehandelings, konvensionele en tandbewerking het vir die eerste maand ‘n laer bulkdigtheid getoon, waarna dit tot aansienlik hoër waardes gestyg het soos die seisoen verloop het. Dit was hoofsaaklik as gevolg van grondkonsolidering wat gedryf word deur natuurlike prosesse soos reënval en ook as gevolg van die sandleemtekstuur wat veral geneig is tot verdigting. Hidrouliese geleiding is bestudeer vir konvensionele en geenbewerking en het beduidende verskille getoon. Geenbewerking (41 mm.h-1) het 'n merkbare hoër geleidingsvermoë gehad wat konstant gebly het, in vergelyking met konvensionele bewerking (20 mm.h-1) wat met die verloop van tyd afgeneem het. Die vernaamste redes vir hierdie verhoogde hidrouliese geleiding onder geenbewerking is hoër waterstabiele aggregate en ‘n laer bulkdigtheid. Op die langtermyn het geenbewerking dus struktuurvorming van 'n Glenrosa-grondvorm gestimuleer, wat die grondeienskappe wat bestudeer is, aansienlik verbeter het. Hierdie eienskappe kan prosesse soos waterinfiltrasie, waterretensie, -afloop en -dreinering positief beïnvloed as gevolg van grondeienskapinteraksie. Geenbewerking, in terme van volhoubaarheid, gekwantifiseer deur die grondeienskappe wat bestudeer is, is dus bewys as superieur in vergelyking met konvensionele en tandbewerking, maar tot 'n mindere mate in vergelyking met minimumbewerking.
Water Research Commission

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Nel, Werner. „The abundance and diversity of meso- and macrofauna in vineyard soils under different management practices“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50463.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The agricultural sector in South Africa relies heavily on the use of pesticides to protect crops against pest organisms. Pesticides can affect non-target organisms such as the meso- and macrofauna in the soil detrimentally. Since these organisms play an important role in the processes of mineralization and decomposition in the soil and contribute to soil fertility, it is important that they are protected. A large amount of published literature exists on the biological importance of soil meso- and macrofauna and the effects that various agricultural practices have on them. The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural practices on the abundance and diversity of meso- and macrofauna in different vineyard soils. A comparative study was conducted of an organically managed, conventionally managed and an uncultivated control soil. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of these agricultural management practices on the biological activity of these animals. Soil samples were taken, from which mesofauna (Collembola and Acari) were extracted with a modified Tullgren extractor, identified and counted. Earthworms were extracted from the soil using hand sorting methods. Soil parameters such as pH, water holding capacity, organic matter content, soil texture and soil respiration were determined. Bait lamina and litter-bags were also used to help determine the biological activity within the soil. The mesofauna diversity was quantified using the Shannon Weiner diversity index, as well as a diversity index described by Cancela da Fonseca and Sarkar (1996). Differences in abundance of both the meso-and macrofauna were statistically measured using ANOVA's. Biological activity results were also interpreted using ANOV A's. Results indicate that the abundance of the meso fauna was the highest at the organically treated vineyard soil and lowest in the conventionally managed soil where pesticide application took place. The earthworms also showed the same trend as the mesofauna, but were much more influenced by seasonal changes. Biological activity, according to the bait lamina and the litter-bag results, was higher in both the conventionally and organically managed soils than in the control, but no statistical significant differences were found between the two experimental soils. The soil respiration (C02-flux), also indicating biological activity, was highest in the organically treated soil and lowest in the conventionally treated soil. The different sampling techniques used gave variable results and although the organically managed soil proved to have higher abundances of both meso- and macrofauna, the biological activity did not show the same trends. In conclusion the data did not give enough evidence as to whether organic management practices were more beneficial than conventional management practices for the maintenance of soil biodiversity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse Landbousektor steun hewig op die gebruik van verskillende chemiese pestisiede om oeste teen pes organismes te beskerm. Pestisiede kon ook verskeie ander nie-teikenorganismes soos die meso- en makrofauna in die grond negatief affekteer. Hierdie organismes behoort beskerm te word omdat hulle 'n belangrike rol speel in grondprosesse soos mineralisering, en die afbreek van organiese materiaal. Hierdie organismes dra ook by tot die vrugbaarheid van die grond. Daar is heelwat gepubliseerde literatuur beskikbaar wat verband hou met die biologiese belangrikheid van grond meso- en makrofauna en die effekte wat verskeie landbou behandelings op hulle het. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel watter invloed konvensionele landboupraktyke op die hoeveelheid en diversiteit van meso- en makrofauna in verskillende wingerdgronde het. 'n Vergelykende studie is gedoen om wingerdgronde wat konvensioneel en organies behandel is sowel as 'n onbehandelde kontrolegrond met natuurlike plantegroei met mekaar te vergelyk. 'n Sekondêre doel van hierdie studie was ook om die effek van die verskillende boerderymetodes op die biologiese akitiwiteit in die grond te ondersoek. Grondmonsters is geneem, waaruit die meso fauna (Collembola en Acari) deur middel van 'n aangepaste Tullgren ekstraktor ge-ekstraheer, geïdentifiseer en getel. Die erdwurms is deur middel van handsorteringsmetodes versamel. Die volgende grond parameters is gemeet: pH, waterhouvermoë, organiese materiaal inhoud, grondtekstuur en grondrespirasie. "Bait lamina" en "litter bags" is ook gebruik om biologiese aktiwiteit in die grond te bepaal. Die diversiteit van mesofauna is bepaal met die Shannon Weiner diversiteitsindeks, as ook 'n diversiteitsindeks wat deur Cancela da Fonseca en Sarkar (1996) ontwikkel is. Die resultate van beide die meso- en makrofauna hoeveelhede in die verskillende wingerdgronde is met mekaar vergelyk deur van ANOV A's gebruik te maak. Die resultate van die biologiese aktiwiteit is ook deur middel van ANOVO's statisties met mekaar vergelyk. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die hoeveelheid mesofauna die hoogste in die organies behandelde grond en die laagste in konvensionele grond was. Die erdwurms het dieselfde patroon as die mesofauna getoon, maar is baie meer deur seisoenale faktore geaffekteer, bv. reënval. Volgens die resultate van die "bait lamina" en die "litter bags" was die biologiese aktiwiteit in die grond hoër in beide die eksperimentele grond as in die kontrolegrond. Die grondrespirasie (C02-puIs) was hoër in die kontrolegrond as in die ander eksperimentele gronde. Daar was groot variasie tussen die resultate wat met die verskillende tegnieke verkry is en alhoewel die organiese perseel hoër hoeveelhede van beide meso- en makrofauna gehad het, het die biologiese aktiwiteit nie dieselfde tendens gewys nie. Vanuit die data wat verkry is kon daar dus nie met sekerheid afgelei word dat organiese boerderymetodes beter vir die biodiversiteit van gronde,soos hier gemeet, is as konvensionele boerderymetodes nie.

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Llewellyn, C. A. „Practical soil protection and stabilization in Mediterranean viticulture“. Thesis, Cranfield University, Cranfield University at Silsoe, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1214.

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The accelerated erosion of soil by water from Mediterranean hill-slopes under viticulture is a major problem. It is largely a result of the land management techniques employed and their influence on soil protection, structure and stability. Within this study, the relationships between viticulture practices, soil physical characteristics and erosion processes have been explored in detail, and a soil conservation strategy, which incorporates the use of herbicide managed cover, has been developed. The strategy was applied and tested in two established vineyards in southern France over a three year period (October 2001 to December 2004). Sediment and runoff losses were monitored at the plot scale from the date of treatment installation and comparisons were made with the losses from plots under conventional soil management. Cultivation, to produce a fine seedbed for cover establishment, encouraged soil to become hydrophobic and impeded drainage at depth. This aggravated soil losses under saturated conditions and impeded cover establishment. However, total sediment losses were reduced by the presence of a cover at both sites within the monitoring period. The results of a ‘Visual Soil Assessment’ showed that there was a measurable improvement in the physical condition of the soil of the vegetated plot three and a half years after the cover was sown. Controlled laboratory studies were conducted to identify the most suitable herbicide product and dose rate for inducing dormancy in a grass cover, whilst retaining its protective and stabilizing properties. Two products were tested: Paraquat and Glyphosate. At 21 days after treatment application, the treatment effects on plant and soil physical characteristics were assessed. Herbicide product and dose were found to indirectly influence a soil’s potential to erode but more detailed studies are required. Initial results suggest that Paraquat is the more suitable of the two products tested. The study concluded that herbicide managed permanent cover is a practical option for soil conservation in Mediterranean viticulture.

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Montagu, Kelvin D. „Whole plant response to soil compaction : from field practices to mechanisms /“. View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.092251/index.html.

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Pudasaini, Madhu S., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College und School of Engineering and Industrial Design. „Erosion modelling under different land use management practices“. THESIS_CSTE_EID_Pudasaini_M.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/721.

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Soil erosion has been recognised as a global threat against the sustainability of natural ecosystem. The work in this thesis has been undertaken to assist in combating this threat, and addresses the soil erosion issues associated with urban construction activities. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was employed in this research work and the parameters associated with the model were calibrated. This model was chosen for calibration, as it has been proven to be an easy to use tool yet providing reasonable results. Large scale rainfall simulators developed at UWS were used for rainfall simulation at two sites with diverse soil types: dispersive clayey soils at Penrith and highly permeable sandy soil at Somersby (Both in New South Wales, Australia). It is concluded that RUSLE can be successfully used in single storms for erosion prediction. Calibrated values of RUSLE parameters are useful in predicting soil erosion from the construction sites in NSW. It is also identified that in rolled smooth land condition, clayey soils are more erodible than sandy soil. Specific support practices such as short grass strips, gravel bags and silt fences are identified as very effective erosion control measures in reducing soil erosion from 45% to 85%. These results will be very useful in soil erosion prediction planning and conservation management in NSW.
Master of Engineering (Hons)

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Bücher zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Soil care for gardeners: A practical guide. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press, 1988.

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McRae, S. G. Practical pedology: Studying soils in the field. Chichester: E. Horwood, 1988.

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Srbulov, Milutin. Practical Soil Dynamics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3.

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Woomer, Paul L., und Nteranya Sanginga. Integrated soil fertility management in Africa: Principles, practices, and developmental process. Nairobi: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, 2009.

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Soil husbandry: A practical guide to the use and mangement of soils. Aberdeen [Scotland]: Soil and Land Use Consultants, 1988.

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Batey, T. Soil husbandry: A practical guide to the use and management of soils. Aberdeen: Soil and Land Use Consultants, 1988.

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Sobolevsky, Dmitry Yu. Strength of dilating soil and load-holding capacity of deep foundations: Introduction to theory and practical application. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1995.

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Soil science: Principles & practices. 3. Aufl. Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown, 1985.

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Landscape lessons: A practical and inspirational primer for the Southern soil and soul. Ila, GA: Terra Type Press, 2009.

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Soil water measurement: A practical handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger und Kai Schwärzel. „Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania“. In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.

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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.

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Scheiffer, Alexander, und Ronald Lessem. „Cultivating Practical Spirituality: Soil, Soul and Sarvodaya“. In Practical Spirituality and Human Development, 89–108. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3687-4_7.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Introduction“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 1–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_1.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Piled Foundations“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 179–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_10.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Tunnels, Vertical Shafts and Pipelines“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 207–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_11.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Ground Vibration Caused by Industry“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 233–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_12.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Main Ground Motion Sources and Properties“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 27–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_2.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Typical Ground Motions, Recording, Ground Investigations and Testing“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 39–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_3.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Soil Properties Used in Simple Analyses“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 67–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_4.

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Srbulov, Milutin. „Fast Sliding of Non-liquefied Soil“. In Practical Soil Dynamics, 73–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1312-3_5.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Kravtsov, Vladimir, Valery Seskov, Pavel Lapatin und Sergey Yakunenko. „Soil Improvement Using Rigid Large Elements in the Engineering Practice of the Republic of Belarus“. In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.025.

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The results of research and development of methods for the calculation, design and practical application of a method for technique of improvement soft soil bases for slab foundations with the use of rigid large elements are reported. The optimal percentage of rigid elements, structural characteristics of improved soils (increment and diameter of rigid elements) are presented and principles for their calculation and design are given. As exemplified by a specific construction site, it is demonstrated that technological schemes for the arrangement of improved soils, developed by RUE Institute BelNIIS, reduce the deformability of soft soil bases by four times and more.

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Petelko, A. I. „Rational use of washed soil“. In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.31.

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Integrated agricultural practices contribute to increasing and restoring the fertility of washed lands, reducing water erosion of soils on the slopes. When cultivating eroded soils, it is necessary to introduce organic and mineral fertilizers into the arable layer, enrich it with nutrients and eliminate the acid reaction. To do this, you need to carry out deep plowing up to 30 cm with the simultaneous introduction of organic matter and mineral fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, then liming is necessary. This will help to create a better soil environment and better absorption of fertilizers.

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Sheudzhen, Askhad, und Oksana Gutorova. „Changes in the Magnetic Susceptibility of Kuban Soils Depending on Soil Formation Conditions“. In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Anthropogenic Transformation of Geospace: Nature, Economy, Society' (ATG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200202.053.

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Boulanger, Ross W., und Katerina Ziotopoulou. „On NDA Practices for Evaluating Liquefaction Effects“. In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481455.001.

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Chen, Jing-Wen, und Fu-Cheng Chen. „The Effectiveness of Dynamic Compaction Under Various Water Levels“. In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79812.

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Dynamic compaction is currently regarded as one of the quick but cost-effective method for soil densification to resist the potential of soil liquefaction during earthquake. Most practices and studies reveal the depth of densification is mainly limited by the compaction energy without considering the effect of water table. In this experimental study, the impact performances under both presence and absence of water level without changing the compaction energy were presented. The Single-point Impact Test is developed to perform a series of tests on soils under different water levels and drained conditions. Meanwhile, an automatic cone penetrometer is also developed to evaluate the effectiveness. The boundary effect of soil container used in the test is also discussed. The impact-induced pore pressures and dissipation periods are measured and compared with a field measurement. The relationship between the effective dynamic stresses and corresponding cone resistances in soils is highlighted. The performance of dynamic impacts is evaluated by a term of improvement ratio.

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Batukaev, A. A., V. P. Kalinichenko, A. E. Rykhlik, A. A. Batukaev und D. O. Palaeva. „Intra-Soil Pulse Continuum-Discrete Moistening for Soil and Water Preservation“. In International scientific and practical conference "AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture" (AgroSMART 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.170.

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Cheng, Zhao. „A Practical 3D Bounding Surface Plastic Sand Model for Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Application“. In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481479.004.

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Kodikara, Jayantha, Tanvirul Islam und Pathmanathan Rajeev. „New Practical Framework for Predicting Compacted Soil Behaviour“. In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_04-0043.

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Marr, Scott A., Robert B. Gilbert und Alan F. Rauch. „A Practical Method for Predicting Expansive Soil Behavior“. In GeoTrans 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)103.

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Cappelletto, Andrea, Roberto Tagliaferri, Gianmario Giurlani, Giuseppe Andrei, Giuseppe Furlani und Giuseppe Scarpelli. „Field Full Scale Tests on Longitudinal Pipeline-Soil Interaction“. In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2090.

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Recent research on longitudinal pipe-soil interaction shows that traditional analysis models are inadequate and too conservative, especially when cohesive soils are involved. The practical implication for SNAM, whose network extends over the entire Italian territory where slow ground movements inducing longitudinal soil-pipe interaction are frequent, is that the management of the gas pipeline has to rely mainly on field measurements. The correct assessment of the interaction forces was therefore included as an important part of a wider research program, whose aim is to perform pipe risk analysis by which the structural vulnerability for some SNAM typical scenarios can be quantified as a function of such parameters as the pipe section geometry, the type of soil, the burial depth, the length of pipeline section involved and the magnitude of the soil imposed displacements. Experimental activities specifically regarding longitudinal, static, interaction problems were carried out; in particular pull-out tests were performed on two out of use pipelines, having two different diameters: 8” and 24”. For each site, four different test conditions were investigated where type and compaction state of the material surrounding the pipe varies. The behaviour of the pipe embedded in the original clayey backfill was compared to that observed after such fill was excavated and replaced around the pipe, to simulate conditions after standard stress relieving works. Different fills where then used, made of either granular soil or granulite; this latter was used in order to ascertain the possible benefits of using light artificial materials to mitigate soil-pipe interaction phenomena. Site testing was accompanied by a careful geotechnical investigation both in the field and in laboratory that included direct shear tests of interfaces using coated steel pipe specimens. A comparison between the results obtained and the existing state of the art is presented. This comparison allowed to verify the effectiveness of some interpretative models, and in particular the convenience of adopting effective stress based models rather than pure cohesive ones (i.e. total stress), even in the case of clayey soils.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Soil practicals"

Portz, Dennis N., und Gail R. Nonnecke. Soil Pretreatment Management Practices Effects on Grapevine Plant Growth, Pest Populations, and Soil Characteristics. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-457.

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Busse, Matt D., Ken R. Hubbert und Emily E. Y. Moghaddas. Fuel reduction practices and their effects on soil quality. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-241.

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McNairn, H., R. J. Brown, B. Brisco, C. Duguay, J B Boisvert und T. J. Pultz. Reviewing the Role of Radar in Mapping Soil Management Practices. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219319.

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Kistner, Erica. A Field Day to the Long Term Agricultural Research Site. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, Oktober 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.6957454.ch.

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Soil erosion is quickly becoming a severe problem throughout the Midwest and the situation is predicted to worsen unless more sustainable management practices are adopted. Management practices like reduced tillage and cover crops are recommended to help present soil erosion, enhance soil quality, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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Kistner, Erica. A Field Day to the Long Term Agricultural Research Site, Hamilton County, IA. Ames, Iowa: United States Department of Agriculture, Midwest Climate Hub, Februar 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6592637.ch.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. The impact of agroforestry-based soil fertility replenishment practices on the poor in Western Kenya Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/0896291448rr142.

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Portz, Dennis N., und Gail R. Nonnecke. How Pretreatment Cover Crop and Conventional Management Practices Affect Strawberry Plant Growth and Yield, Pest Populations, and Soil Characteristics. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-326.

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Grier, C. C., K. M. Lee und N. M. [and others] Nadkarni. Productivity of forests of the United States and its relation to soil and site factors and management practices: a review. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-222.

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Qin, Zhangcai, Christina E. Canter, Jennifer B. Dunn, Steffen Mueller, Ho-young Kwon, Jeongwoo Han, Michelle M. Wander und Michael Wang. Incorporating Agricultural Management Practices into the Assessment of Soil Carbon Change and Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Corn Stover Ethanol Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1221938.

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Behnood, Ali, und Jan Olek. Development of Subgrade Stabilization and Slab Undersealing Solutions for PCC Pavements Restoration and Repairs. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317128.

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The loss of functionality and the development of distress in concrete pavements is often attributable to the poor subbase and subgrade conditions and/or loss of support due to the development of the voids underneath the slab. Subgrade soil stabilization can be used as an effective approach to restore the functionality of the subgrades in patching projects. This research had two main objectives: (1) identifying the best practices for soil stabilization of the existing subgrade during pavement patching operations and (2) identifying and developing new, modified grouting materials for slab stabilization and undersealing. Various stabilization scenarios were tested and showed improved performance of the subgrade layer. The use of geotextile along with aggregate course was found to significantly reduce the settlement. Non-removable flowable fill was also found to significantly reduce the subgrade settlement. Cement-treated aggregate and lean concrete provided the best performance, as they prevented formation of any noticeable settlement in the underlying subgrade.

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