Thematische Bibliographien / Soil nutrient

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Soil nutrient“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Februar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Thomson, V. P., und M. R. Leishman. „Survival of native plants of Hawkesbury Sandstone communities with additional nutrients: effect of plant age and habitat“. Australian Journal of Botany 52, Nr. 2 (2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03047.

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Australian soils are naturally low in nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Native plants are well adapted to low-nutrient soils, and can be adversely affected when exposed to higher concentrations of nutrients. The Hawkesbury Sandstone soils in northern Sydney are naturally low in nutrients, but often receive additional nutrient input from urban stormwater run-off. Increases in soil nutrients in urban bushland are associated with the presence of exotic species, and the decline in the diversity of native species. This study tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of nutrients, in particular P, in the disturbed soils of urban bushland, reduce survival of native plants. We examined the survival of native species under five different nutrient concentrations that are typical of nutrient-enriched urban bushland soil, in two glasshouse experiments. The experiments examined both survival of seedlings and survival of 6-month-old plants. We used native species that are adapted to both nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soils. In general, the survival of native plants decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations. At soil total-P concentrations >200 mg kg–1, most plants died. Seedlings were more sensitive to added nutrients than the 6-month-old plants. Species that were from higher-nutrient soil had consistently higher survival than species from low-nutrient soils, under the nutrient addition treatments. These results suggest that at high soil nutrient concentrations typical of stormwater-affected urban bushland, native plant species of low-nutrient soils will be unable to survive. If ecological restoration works are to be done in such areas, replanting with more mature plants from naturally high-nutrient habitats is likely to be the most successful. However, restoration of these areas may have limited success and they are likely to remain dominated by exotic plant species.

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Seman-Varner, R., R. McSorley und R. N. Gallaher. „Soil nutrient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source“. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, Nr. 2 (27.05.2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507002001.

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AbstractSoil solarization is used to manage nematodes, pathogens and weeds, but relatively few studies have examined solarization effects on soil mineral nutrients, soil properties and plant tissue nutrients. This study was designed to optimize the duration of solarization treatment for the management of soil and plant nutrients and crop biomass in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source. The experiment was a split-plot with treatment duration as the main effect and solarization as the sub-effect. Solarization treatments of 2-, 4- and 6-week durations began on sequential dates and concluded in mid-August. Immediately post-treatment, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) seedlings were transplanted into subplots for tissue nutrient analysis. Freshly chopped cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] hay was applied to the soil surface directly around the okra seedlings as an organic nutrient source. Immediately following solarization treatment, concentrations of soil K and Mn were higher, while Cu and Zn concentrations were lower in solarized soils than in non-solarized soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in solarized plots. Concentrations of K, N, Mg and Mn in okra leaf tissue were higher in solarized plots than in non-solarized plots, but concentrations of P and Zn were lower in plants grown in solarized soil. Okra biomass was three and four times higher in the 4- and 6-week solarization treatments than in non-solarized treatments. Based on data from this experiment, 4- and 6-week durations of solarization were optimal for increasing crop biomass. The data indicate that solarization has significant effects on soil and plant nutrients. Results of the nutrient analyses suggest that the availability of nutrients from an organic source was not limited by solarization.

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Moore, James A., Mark J. Kimsey, Mariann Garrison-Johnston, Terry M. Shaw, Peter Mika und Jaslam Poolakkal. „Geologic Soil Parent Material Influence on Forest Surface Soil Chemical Characteristics in the Inland Northwest, USA“. Forests 13, Nr. 9 (27.08.2022): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091363.

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Successful fertilization treatments targeted to improve stand productivity while reducing operational complexities and cost depend on a clear understanding of soil nutrient availability under varying environmental conditions. Soil nutrient data collected from 154 forest sites throughout the Inland Northwest, USA were analyzed to examine soil nutrient characteristics on different geologic soil parent materials and to rank soil fertility. Results show that soil parent material explains significant differences in soil nutrient availability. Soils developed from volcanic rocks have the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and are relatively high in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), and copper (Cu), but generally poor in mineralizable nitrogen (MinN). Forest soils developed from plutonic rocks exhibit the lowest CEC and are low in MinN, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu, but higher in P. Some soils located on mixed glacially derived soils are low only in K, Ca, Mg, and Cu, but many mixed glacial soils are relatively rich in other nutrients, albeit the second lowest CEC. Soils developed from metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks are among those with lowest soil nutrient availability for P and B. Sulfur was found to have the highest concentrations in metasedimentary influenced soils and the least in sedimentary derived soils. Our results should be useful in designing site-specific fertilizer and nutrient management prescriptions for forest stands growing on soils developed from these major geologies within the Inland Northwest region of the United States.

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Ma, Qifu, Zed Rengel und Terry Rose. „The effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers is determined by crop species and edaphic conditions in Mediterranean-type environments: a review“. Soil Research 47, Nr. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08105.

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Much of our knowledge of plant growth in response to soil nutrient supply comes from studies under homogeneous soil conditions. However, the adoption of reduced or nil tillage and shallow banding of fertilisers at the time of seeding causes spatially variable distribution and availability of soil nutrients in agricultural lands. Soil available nutrients, particularly the poorly mobile ones such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu), stratify within the fertilised topsoil. In water-limited environments where the topsoil is prone to drying, soil nutrient stratification may influence nutrient availability and plant uptake because of impeded root growth or reduced diffusion of immobile nutrients to the root surface, or more likely a combination of both factors. Placing fertilisers deeper in the soil profile could increase nutrient acquisition and utilisation by plants as fertiliser nutrients are in the moist soil for a longer part of the growing season. However, the effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers may also be determined by soil texture, tillage, fertilising history, nutrient mobility, and crop species. In Mediterranean-type climates of southern Australia, a yield response of winter crops to deep fertiliser mostly occurs on infertile sandy soils in low rainfall regions. This contrasts with the responses of winter and summer crops in northern Australia on soils with optimum-to-high nutrients but subjected to rapid and frequent drying of topsoil because of high temperatures and high evaporation demand during the growing season. The pattern of nutrient accumulation by crop species (indeterminate v. determinate) and the mobility of mineral nutrients in the phloem would also modify the effectiveness of deep-placed nutrients under drought. The complexity of plant responses to subsoil nutrition may suggest that before adopting deep fertiliser practice in a paddock it is essential to understand the effects of edaphic and climatic conditions, soil management, and plant–soil interactions in order to achieve maximum yield benefit.

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Comerford, N. B., W. P. Cropper, Jr., Hua Li, P. J. Smethurst, K. C. J. Van Rees, E. J. Jokela, H. Adégbidi und N. F. Barros. „Soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND): A general nutrient uptake model and an example of its application to forest management“. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, Nr. 4 (01.08.2006): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-112.

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Models of soil nutrient bioavailability and uptake assist in nutrient management and lead to a better understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant system. SSAND (Soil Supply and Nutrient Demand) is a steady state, mechanistic nutrient uptake simulation model based on mass flow and diffusive supply of nutrients to roots. It requires user inputs for soil and plant parameters to calculate a nutrient’s concentration at the root surface and the subsequent uptake by a plant root and/or extrametrical mycorrhizal hyphae. It can be considered a sub-model linked to hydrological or plant growth models. SSAND provides a basis for simulating nutrient uptake under different soil-plant scenarios, including multiple soil compartments, net mineralization inputs, changing root growth, changing mycorrhizal hyphae growth, changing soil water content and multiple fertilizer events. It incorporates uptake from roots and mycorrhizal hyphae, including the potential competition between these entities. It should be useful for simulating the effects of climate change on soil nutrient bioavailability. It should also be a useful tool for managers in evaluating fertilizer regime options. Key words: Nutrient bioavailability, nutrient uptake modeling, phosphorus uptake, mycorrhizae, Spodosols, climate change

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Robson, AD, NE Longnecker und LD Osborne. „Effects of heterogeneous nutrient supply on root growth and nutrient uptake in relation to nutrient supply on duplex soils“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, Nr. 7 (1992): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920879.

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Most duplex soils in Western Australia are characterised by multiple nutrient deficiencies. Applications of micronutrients, as well as the macronutrients phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur, have been essential for crop and pasture production on these soils. Duplex soils are characterised by heterogeneity in the distribution of mineral nutrients with depth. Additionally, there is heterogeneity both vertically and horizontally in suitability of soil conditions for root growth. There are at least 2 consequences of this heterogeneity for the mineral nutrition of plants on duplex soils. First, there are important effects of localised nutrient supply on root growth and nutrient uptake. Second, identification of nutrient deficiencies by soil and plant analysis is complicated by variation in nutrient supply through time and with depth. These 2 consequences are examined.

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Entry, James A., und William H. Emmingham. „Influence of forest age on nutrient availability and storage in coniferous soils of the Oregon Coast Range“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-014.

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A substantial fraction of the organic matter and plant essential nutrients in forest ecosystems are contained in the soil. The role of soils in nutrient storage and availability is an essential component of ecosystem function and stability. The top 10 cm of soil contains the highest concentration of nutrients. To determine the influence of forest age on nutrient storage and availability in riparian soils, we compared concentrations, storage, and extractability of plant nutrients in the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil in old-, second-, and young-growth riparian forests. The analysis of variance for nutrient concentration, nutrient storage, or nutrients extracted in both the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil showed no significant differences among sites or seasons for any nutrient; only differences among forest ages will be discussed. Concentrations of N, P, Mg, Mn, and Cu in forest litter did not differ by forest age, but concentrations of K, Ca, and B were significantly higher in old-growth forest litter than in the litter of second-or young-growth forests. In mineral soil, the concentrations of all nutrients were statistically equal for all forest ages. Old-growth forests stored significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater amounts of all nutrients measured in the litter layer, and greater amounts of N, P, and K in the mineral soil, than were stored in second- or young-growth forests. Greater amounts of P, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth forest litter than from either second- or young-growth forest litter, and greater amounts of P, K, Mn, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth mineral soil than from second- or young-growth mineral soil. The amount of each nutrient stored in the litter layer of the different-aged forests correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the litter layer of these forests; r2 ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Also, the amount of N, K, and Ca stored in the mineral soil correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the soil; r2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.76.

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Wibiralske, Anne W., Roger Earl Latham und Arthur H. Johnson. „A biogeochemical analysis of the Pocono till barrens and adjacent hardwood forest underlain by Wisconsinan and Illinoian till in northeastern Pennsylvania“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, Nr. 9 (01.09.2004): 1819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-047.

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We assessed soil and vegetation nutrient capital in the landscape mosaic of till barrens and hardwood forests on the Pocono Plateau in northeastern Pennsylvania. These shrublands, which contain an unusual abundance of rare species, occur primarily on Illinoian-aged glacial till, though some patches grow on Wisconsinan till. We hypothesized that barrens soil and vegetation contain smaller quantities of nutrients than forest soil and vegetation, and under the same vegetation, Illinoian till soils have a smaller nutrient content than Wisconsinan till soils. We measured pH, total C and N, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al content of the soils and determined C, N, Ca, Mg, K, and P content of the vegetation. Litter and soil organic matter in the barrens have a higher C/N ratio than the forest. The Illinoian barrens Oa horizon is thicker and contains a greater quantity of exchangeable mineral nutrients than the other Oa horizons. Differences in vegetation nutrient capital strongly mirror differences in biomass. Our results show no strong association of parent material with soil or vegetation nutrient capital. Instead, they suggest that plant community characteristics, not soil nutrient availability, shape the landscape pattern of barrens and forest, particularly plant-driven positive feedbacks primarily involving fire frequency.

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Mylavarapu, R. S. „Diagnostic Nutrient Testing“. HortTechnology 20, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.19.

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Recommendations made for nutrient applications have traditionally focused on economic yield and quality. However, present-day testing procedures and recommendations are required to simultaneously ensure economical and environmental sustainability of agricultural production systems. A soil test is a calibrated index relating crop response to applied nutrients. Any application rate devoid of an economical response in yield or quality is deemed unnecessary. Therefore, a soil test becomes the first step in any nutrient best management practice (BMP) development, implementation, and monitoring activity. Certain significant areas in Florida, such as calcareous soils, require development of calibrated soil tests rather urgently. Nutrient sufficiency of perennial crops and deficiency diagnostics can be gauged through in-season plant tissue testing. Nutrient delivery for correcting the deficiency through foliar sprays is not always effective, and may require multiple applications. Spectral reflectance methods show significant promise as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry analyses with regard to ease, costs, and speed with wider range of applications, including natural resources. Additional research is needed to develop this technology for field-scale applications. Current research is focusing on environmental nutrient management to include nutrient sources, application rates and timing, nutrient uptake efficiency, retention capacity of soils, estimating and minimizing nutrient losses to the environment, etc. Nutrient loss assessments tools such as the Florida phosphorus (P) index and bahia (Paspalum notatum) and citrus (Citrus spp.) tests for P are now being made possible in Florida through integration of soil and tissue testing methods. Development and improvements of such analytical methods and tools specific to Florida to include other nutrients, heavy metals, soil capacity, and ecosensitive regions, is vital to ensure sustainability to the state's tourism, agriculture, and urban-rural balance.

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Čekstere, Gunta, Anita Osvalde und Māris Laiviņš. „Mineral Nutrition of Young Ash in Latvia“. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, Nr. 3 (01.06.2016): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0022.

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Abstract The research objectives were: 1) to determine healthy young ash supply with nutrients and their concentrations in natural growth conditions; 2) to estimate nutrient balance and inter-correlations within a system “soil-plants”; and 3) to determine the potential effect of environmental conditions (forest type, plant phytosociological group, soil group, etc.) on nutrient accumulation in soil and leaves of young ash. The investigation was conducted in 28 different forest sites with young ash in Latvia. The results demonstrated that young ash grows well on a wide range of site types in terms of soil composition, forest type and phytosociological tree group. Although highly heterogeneous, soil in ash stands in Latvia can provide a sufficient supply of nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient status of healthy young ash leaves can be characterized as sufficient, although low levels of P, Zn, and K in leaves was found for most sites. Significant impact of soil group and forest type was found on nutrient composition of ash soil, while leaf nutrient concentrations were more dependent on the forest type and phytosociological tree group. The obtained results confirmed the ability of ash to accumulate nutrients within a certain range from soils of different fertility, organic matter content and soil reaction in Latvia.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Esposito, Nicole C. „Soil Nutrient Availability Properties of Biochar“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1096.

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Biochar’s high porosity and negative surface charge allows for numerous soil and plant benefits such as increased water retention, high nutrient availability, and plant growth. By analysing biochar’s effect of all of these factors, a system can be put in place in which soils can be remediated with the proper soil amendments. This report discusses and tests the effects of varying rates of biochar on pH levels, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient exchangeability (of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) in soil. Corn plants were also grown in soils of varying amendment types and analysed for plant growth and germination to determine soil effects on the plant. Testing showed significant differences between treatment types in all areas tested except plant germination. A 2:1 ratio of biochar to compost produced the best overall results for the soil used in testing. This treatment maintained acceptable levels of exchangeable nutrients while raising pH and cation exchange capacity, and also raised the plant growth in the soil by 30%. However, for added soil health, gypsum or calcium fertilizer should be added to the soil to remediate low calcium exchangeability. This testing confirmed that biochar does have a strong positive influence on soil and plant health when used in combination with compost.

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Kraus, Tamara Esther Caroline. „Tannins and nutrient dynamics in forest soils : plant-litter-soil interactions /“. For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Ferreira, Francisco Jardelson. „Fertilization rose bushes based on nutrient balance in the soil - plant system“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17134.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Rose is an economically important crop for the national and the international market and due to this fact generates income to the Ceara State. Rose is a demanding crop in relation to fertilizers, requiring knowledge of soil fertility, nutritional plant requirements and nutrients use efficiency to obtain adequate fertilization. Based on the nutritional balance through the use of mechanistic and empirical models, it is possible to develop a system to quantify the plant nutrients demands to achieve a given productivity. This paper aims to establish parameters of a fertilizer and lime recommendation system to rose crop, based on the plant nutritional balance. The experiment was conducted at the company Cearosa in SÃo Benedito - CE. Plants will be collected during five months and once a month, five rose plants from four varieties (Top Secret, Avalanche, Attache and Ambience) As contradictory Airlines plants Were grinded. Samples will be ground and nutrients content will be determined: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, e Zn. Every sampling plant time, were also soil samples collected at two depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) In which they underwent fertility analysis. To estimate the fertilizer recommendation, the system was be subdivided into requirement subsystem (REQ), which includes the plant nutrients demands, considering the recovery efficiency of the nutrients to be applied and a rate to achieve the "sustainability" criteria and the supply subsystem (SUP) that comprises the soil nutrient supply. After determining the total REQ and SUP, held -if the nutritional balance, and if the result is positive (REQ> SUP), fertilizers application is recommended and if the result negative or zero (REQ ≤ SUP), fertilizers application is not recommended. The system estimated that there is excess nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization for all cultivars , however , there needs to be supplemental potassium fertilizer . The system estimated that the soil is able to meet the demand of plants for P and Fe for all cultivars , however , there must be supplementary nitrogen fertilizer , potassium . As for micronutrients , the system estimated that there is need for additional fertilizer for Zn in all rosebushes and Mn for the rosebushes "Top Secret " and " Avalnche " , however with very close recommendation the optimal dose , ie equal to zero
A roseira Ã uma cultura de grande valor no mercado interno e externo, devido a esse fato, as rosas geram benefÃcios para o estado do CearÃ. Ã uma cultura muito exigente em relaÃÃo Ã adubaÃÃo, sendo necessÃrios conhecimentos da fertilidade do solo, exigÃncias nutricionais da planta e eficiÃncia na utilizaÃÃo de nutrientes, para obtenÃÃo de uma adubaÃÃo adequada. Partindo a hipÃtese de que conhecendo-se o balanÃo nutricional da cultura, levando-se em consideraÃÃo a demanda de nutrientes pela cultura para alcanÃar uma dada produtividade e o suprimento de nutrientes pelo solo, Ã possÃvel determinar a quantidade de nutrientes a ser adicionada na fertilizaÃÃo do solo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar com base no balanÃo de nutrientes solo-planta a quantidade de nutrientes a ser adicionada no solo para cultura da roseira. O experimento foi conduzido na empresa Cearosa, em SÃo Benedito - CE, as plantas foram coletadas durante cinco meses, sendo uma vez por mÃs, amostrando cinco plantas aleatÃrias, de quatro cultivares de rosas: (Top Secret, Avalanche, Attache e Ambience). As partes aÃreas das plantas foram moÃdas e mineralizadas para determinaÃÃo dos teores dos nutrientes: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn e Zn. Simultaneamente a coleta de plantas, tambÃm foram coletadas amostras de solo em duas profundidades, camada de 0 a 20 e de 20 a 40cm. Na qual foram submetidas Ã anÃlise de fertilidade. Para estimar a recomendaÃÃo de adubaÃÃo o sistema foi subdividido em: subsistema requerimento (REQ), que contempla a demanda de nutrientes pela planta, considerando a eficiÃncia de recuperaÃÃo dos nutrientes a serem aplicados, alÃm de uma dose que atende ao critÃrio de âsustentabilidadeâ e o subsistema suprimento (SUP), que corresponde Ã oferta de nutrientes pelo solo. ApÃs a determinaÃÃo do REQ total e SUP total, realizou -se o balanÃo nutricional, no qual se apresentar resultado positivo (REQ > SUP), recomenda-se a aplicaÃÃo de fertilizantes, e negativo ou nulo (REQ ≤ SUP), nÃo serÃ recomendado aplicar fertilizantes. O sistema estimou que o solo Ã capaz de suprir a demanda das plantas para P e Fe para todas as cultivares, no entanto, Ã necessÃrio que haja complementaÃÃo de adubaÃÃo nitrogenada, potÃssica. Assim como para os micronutrientes, o sistema estimou que hÃ necessidade de complementaÃÃo de adubaÃÃo, para Zn em todas as roseiras e Mn para as roseiras âTop secretâ e âAvalncheâ, no entanto com a recomendaÃÃo bem prÃximos a dose ideal, ou seja, igual a zero

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Barthelemy, Hélène. „Herbivores influence nutrient cycling and plant nutrient uptake : insights from tundra ecosystems“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120191.

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Reindeer appear to have strong positive effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling in strongly nutrient-limited ecosystems. While the direct effects of grazing on vegetation composition have been intensively studied, much less is known about the indirect effect of grazing on plant-soil interactions. This thesis investigated the indirect effects of ungulate grazing on arctic plant communities via soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake. At high density, the deposition of dung alone increased plant productivity both in nutrient rich and nutrient poor tundra habitats without causing major changes in soil possesses. Plant community responses to dung addition was slow, with a delay of at least some years. By contrast, a 15N-urea tracer study revealed that nutrients from reindeer urine could be rapidly incorporated into arctic plant tissues. Soil and microbial N pools only sequestered small proportions of the tracer. This thesis therefore suggests a strong effect of dung and urine on plant productivity by directly providing nutrient-rich resources, rather than by stimulating soil microbial activities, N mineralization and ultimately increasing soil nutrient availability. Further, defoliation alone did not induce compensatory growth, but resulted in plants with higher nutrient contents. This grazing-induced increase in plant quality could drive the high N cycling in arctic secondary grasslands by providing litter of a better quality to the belowground system and thus increase organic matter decomposition and enhance soil nutrient availability. Finally, a 15N natural abundance study revealed that intense reindeer grazing influences how plants are taking up their nutrients and thus decreased plant N partitioning among coexisting plant species. Taken together these results demonstrate the central role of dung and urine and grazing-induced changes in plant quality for plant productivity. Soil nutrient concentrations alone do not reveal nutrient availability for plants since reindeer have a strong influence on how plants are taking up their nutrients. This thesis highlights that both direct and indirect effects of reindeer grazing are strong determinants of tundra ecosystem functioning. Therefore, their complex influence on the aboveground and belowground linkages should be integrated in future work on tundra ecosystem N dynamic.

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Visser, Saskia M. „Modelling nutrient erosion by wind and water in northern Burkina Faso /“. Wageningen : Wageningen University and Research Centre, 2004. http://www.mannlib.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/toc.cgi?5046904.

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Mills, Carolyn Lesley. „The nutrient economy of grazed grassland“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361226.

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Sika, Makhosazana Princess. „Effect of biochar on chemistry, nutrient uptake and fertilizer mobility in sandy soil“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20272.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material produced during pyrolysis, which is the thermal degradation of biomass under oxygen limited conditions. Biochar can be used as a soil amendment to increase the agronomic productivity of low potential soils. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying locally-produced biochar on the fertility of low-nutrient holding, sandy soil from the Western Cape, and to determine the optimum biochar application level. Furthermore, this study investigates the effect of biochar on the leaching of an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and a multi-element fertilizer from the sandy soil. The biochar used in this study was produced from pinewood sawmill waste using slow pyrolysis (450 °C). The soil used was a leached, acidic, sandy soil from Brackenfell, Western Cape. In the first study, the sandy soil mixed with five different levels of biochar (0, 0.05, 0.5, 0.5 and 10.0 % w/w) was chemically characterised. Total carbon and nitrogen, pH, CEC and plant-available nutrients and toxins were determined. The application of biochar resulted in a significant increase in soil pH, exchangeable basic cations, phosphorus and water holding capacity. A wheat pot trial using the biochar-amended soil was carried out for 12 weeks and to maturity (reached at 22 weeks). The trial was conducted with and without the addition of a water-soluble broad spectrum fertilizer. Results showed that biochar improved wheat biomass production when added at low levels. The optimum biochar application level in the wheat pot trial was 0.5 % (approximately 10 t ha-1 to a depth of 15 cm) for the fertilized treatments (21 % biomass increase), and 2.5 % (approximately 50 t ha-1 to a depth of 15 cm) for unfertilized treatments (29 % biomass increase). Since most biochars are alkaline and have a high C:N ratio, caution should be taken when applying it on poorly buffered sandy soil or without the addition of sufficient nitrogen to prevent nutrient deficiencies. In the second study, leaching columns packed with sandy soil and biochar (0, 0.5, 2.5 and 10.0 % w/w) were set up to determine the effect of biochar on inorganic nitrogen fertilizer leaching over a period of 6 weeks. It was found that biochar (0.5, 2.5, and 10.0 % w/w) significantly reduced the leaching of ammonium (12, 50 and 86 % respectively) and nitrate (26, 42 and 95 % respectively) fertilizer from the sandy soil. Moreover, biochar (0.5 %) significantly reduced the leaching of basic cations, phosphorus and certain micronutrients. This study demonstrated the potential of biochar as an amendment of acidic, sandy soils. Our findings suggest that an application rate of 10 t ha-1 should not be exceeded when applying biochar on these soils. Furthermore, biochar application can significantly reduce nutrient leaching in sandy agricultural soils.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Biochar is ŉ koolstof-ryke, soliede materiaal geproduseer gedurende pirolise, wat die termiese degradasie van biomassa onder suurstof-beperkte omstandighede behels. Biochar kan gebruik word as ŉ grondverbeterings middel om die agronomiese produktiwiteit van grond te verhoog. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van plaaslike vervaardigde biochar op die vrugbaarheid van die sanderige grond van die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, en om die optimale biochar toedieningsvlak te bepaal. Verder, het hierdie studie die effek van biochar op die loging van anorganiese stikstof kunsmis en ‘n multi-elementkunsmis op sanderige grond ondersoek. Die biochar wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is van dennehout saagmeul afval vervaardig d.m.v. stadige pirolise (450 °C). Die grond wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is ‘n geloogde, suur, sanderige grond van Brackenfell, Wes-Kaap. In die eerste studie, is ‘n chemiesie ondersoek van die sanderige grond wat vermeng met is met vyf verskillende vlakke van biochar (0, 0.05, 0.5 en 10.0 % w/w) uitgevoer. Totale koolstof en stikstof, pH, KUK, en plant-beskikbare voedingstowwe en toksiene is in die grondmengsels bepaal. Die toediening van biochar het ‘n veroorsaak dat die grond pH, uitruilbare basiese katione, fosfor en waterhouvermoë beduidend toegeneem het. ‘n Koringpotproef was uitgevoer vir 12 weke en ook tot volwassenheid (wat op 22 weke bereik was) om die effek van die biochar op die sanderige grond teen die vyf verskillende toedieningsvlakke te bepaal. Daar was behandelings met en sonder die bykomstige toediening van ‘n wateroplosbare breë-spektrumkunsmis. Resultate toon dat die toediening van biochar teen lae vlakke koringbiomassa produksie verbeter. Die optimale biochar toedieningsvlak in die koringpotproef is 0.5 % (omtrent 10 t ha-1 tot ‘n diepte van 15 cm) vir die bemeste behandeling (21 % biomassa toename), en 2.5 % (omtrent 50 t ha-1 na ‘n diepte van 15 cm) vir onbemeste behandelings (29 % biomassa toename). Aangesien die meeste biochars alkalies is en ‘n hoë C:N verhouding besit, moet sorg gedra word wanneer dit op swak-gebufferde of lae N-houdende sanderige gronde toegedien word. Die resultate het aangedui dat die biochar versigtig aangewend moet word om grond oorbekalking te voorkom. In die tweede studie, was kolomme gepak met 2.0 kg van die sanderige grond gemeng met biochar (0, 0.05, 0.5, 2.5 en 10.0 % w/w) om die effek van biochar op die loging die anorganiese stikstof kunsmis oor ‘n tydperk van 6 weke om vas te stel. Daar is gevind dat biochar (0.5, 2.5 en 10.0 % w/w) die loging van ammonium (12, 50 en 86 % onderskeidelik) en nitraat (26, 42 en 95 % onderskeidelik) op sanderige grond aansienliek verminder. Verder, het biochar (0.5 %) die loging van basiese katione, fosfor en mikrovoedingstowwe aansienlik verminder. Hierdie studie het die potensiaal van biochar as verbeteringmiddel van suur, sanderige grond gedemonstreer. Ons bevindinge dui daarop aan dat ‘n toepassing vlak van 10 t ha-1 moet nie oorskry word nie wanneer biochar op hierdie gronde toegedien word. Die toediening van biochar op sanderige grond kan die loging van voedingstowwe aansienlik verlaag.

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Hassan, Khalida Abdul-Karim. „The effect of soil conditions on nutrient availability, nutrient uptake and productivity of spring wheat“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329590.

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Schofield, Hannah Kate. „A biogeochemical study of nutrient dynamics in artificial soil“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3766.

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Artificial soils have been employed within the Biomes of the Eden Project since its construction in 2000. Produced from sand, bark, composted green waste and lignite clay, these soils were designed to have their nutrient concentrations controlled through careful fertiliser applications. However, following variable environmental conditions, management practices and planting, the soils across the site are performing variably with regard to nutrient retention and storage. Experiments were conducted to assess the performances of an artificial soil in terms of nutrient cycling. This was carried out in three phases: Firstly, soils from the Humid Tropics and Outdoor biomes were sampled and examined, using a range of analytical techniques, to determine the nutrient characteristics of the established artificial soils from across the Eden Project site. This demonstrated that many of the nutrient concentrations of the artificial soils were consistent with those reported for naturally formed soils within comparable environments. All soil samples were of sandy loam texture (ISO 14688-1), with the sand-sized fraction representing > 50 % of the particle size composition. Statistical analyses suggested that management practices had a greater impact on the nutrient characteristics of artificial soils than environmental conditions. Secondly, an artificial soil was produced, following the Eden Project protocol, to examine its performance under controlled environmental conditions. This was packed into 4 columns (1 m height by 110 mm diameter), maintained at 15 ˚C and subjected to an irrigation regime for 52 weeks. Following 26 weeks of irrigation, 2 of the 4 columns were fertilised. Leachate was analysed for dissolved constituents as were solid samples of the fresh soil and of soil samples collected from the columns following 52 weeks irrigation. Leachate concentrations for all nutrients, excepting phosphate, were observed to decline over the irrigation period. Leached phosphate concentrations increased from weeks 0 to 2, and then remained relatively constant. Low nitrogen concentrations within the leachate from weeks 2 to 38 were caused by nitrogen immobilisation within the soil, whilst subsequent mineralisation resulted in increased concentrations from Week 38. Analyses of solid phase constituents determined little variation with depth. Fertiliser application demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in leachate concentrations for some dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrate, phosphate, magnesium and calcium and a decrease in pH. Fertiliser application observations showed less prominent differences for the extracted and solid phase constituents. Thirdly, biochar was applied to the artificial soil at three concentrations (10 %, 5 % and 2 %) plus a control (0 %), to determine whether biochar application may improve nutrient characteristics of artificial soils. The biochar amended soils were packed into mesocosms and maintained at 15 ˚C for 6 weeks. In general, leachate analyses demonstrated a decrease in nutrient losses to leaching with increasing biochar concentration, highlighting the potential for improved nutrient retention within the soils.

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Collins, Shane. „Residue composition influences nutrient release from crop residues“. University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0171.

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[Truncated abstract] A greater adoption of stubble retention, minimum-till and no-till farming practices for the purposes of conserving soil, water and fertility requires a greater understanding of the complexity of physical and chemical interactions between the soil and crop residues. There is currently insufficient knowledge to allow reliable predictions of the effects of different residue types in different environments on soil fertility and crop growth, owing to the many residue characteristics and environmental interactions that have been shown to affect decomposition or nutrient release. The role of fibre and nutrient composition in nutrient release from crop residues, and implications for residue management techniques, were studied. Canola, lupin and field pea residues, obtained from farmland in Meckering and Northam, Western Australia, were separated into upper and basal stems, leaves, and siliques or pods. This was done to provide materials with a wide range of chemical and physical characteristics, and also allowed consideration of differential residue management of plant organs, such as comparing harvested canola siliques and retained canola stubble. Pre-treatment by chopping and/or humidification was applied to residues to provide some information about the processes of nutrient release. Residues were subjected to simulated rainfall to assess nutrient leaching from plant material, and placed on soil in pots in constant-temperature glasshouse conditions to assess decomposition. Amounts and rates of change of residue fibre and nutrients were determined throughout leaching and decomposition. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis was used to assess the location of diffusible ions in air-dried residues and the effects of humidification on nutrient positioning and release. ... However, the release of calcium and magnesium depended on the decomposition of the more recalcitrant components such as cellulose and lignin, as supported by microscopy results showing changes in nutrient distribution following humidification. The proportionality of amounts of calcium and magnesium leached and released during decomposition is likely to suggest a similarity of chemical form more than similarity of function or position of the two elements. Management of crop residues for maximising and optimising the timing of release of different nutrients will need to take into account the placement of different plant types and parts, particle sizes distribution and pre-treatment of material to efficiently manage short- and long-term soil fertility to sustain crops, particularly on degraded soils. Significant nutrient release of potassium, sulphur and magnesium from crop residues can be achieved from surface placement, with the release of potassium and sulphur managed by modifying residue particle size through appropriate harvesting, ploughing or sowing implement selection. High nutrient uptake crops and plant parts where they can be economically viable to grow or separated by the harvesting technique are particularly valuable as sources of nutrients and soil organic matter.

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Bücher zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. Thermodynamics of Soil Nutrient Bioavailability. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76817-1.

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K, Soon Y., Hrsg. Soil nutrient availability: Chemistry and concepts. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

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G, Paoletti M., Foissner Wilhelm und Coleman David C. 1938-, Hrsg. Soil biota, nutrient cycling, and farming systems. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1993.

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Barber, Stanley A. Soil nutrient bioavailability: A mechanistic approach. 2. Aufl. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Koch, Marguerite S. Soil and surface water nutrients in the Everglades nutrient removal project. West Palm Beach: Environmental Sciences Division, Research and Evaluation Dept., South Florida Water Management District, 1991.

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Ballard, T. M. Evaluating forest stand nutrient status. Victoria, B.C: Information Services Branch, Ministry of Forests, 1986.

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Jorgensen, Jacques R. Foresters' primer in nutrient cycling. Asheville, N.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Mahler, Robert Louis. Current nutrient status of soils in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. [Corvallis, Or.]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service, Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service, Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1985.

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Sinha, Madhulika. Biomass and soil nutrient budget in Karnataka. Bangalore, India: Indian Institute of Science, Centre for Ecological Sciences, 1987.

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Havlin, John L., und Jeffrey S. Jacobsen, Hrsg. Soil Testing: Prospects for Improving Nutrient Recommendations. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc., 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub40.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Wallander, Håkan. „The Nutrient Cycle“. In Soil, 79–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08458-9_5.

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Arbestain, M. Camps, F. Macías, W. Chesworth, Ward Chesworth, Otto Spaargaren, Johnson Semoka und Konrad Mengel. „Nutrient Potentials“. In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 494–500. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_386.

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Binkley, Dan, und Peter Vitousek. „Soil nutrient availability“. In Plant Physiological Ecology, 75–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9013-1_5.

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Binkley, Dan, und Peter Vitousek. „Soil nutrient availability“. In Plant Physiological Ecology, 75–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2221-1_5.

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Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger und Kai Schwärzel. „Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania“. In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.

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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.

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Murrell, T. Scott. „Measuring Nutrient Removal, Calculating Nutrient Budgets“. In Soil Science Step-by-Step Field Analysis, 159–82. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/2008.soilsciencestepbystep.c13.

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Mukherjee, Swapna. „Chemistry of Soil Nutrient“. In Current Topics in Soil Science, 165–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4_16.

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Majumdar, Kaushik, Robert M. Norton, T. Scott Murrell, Fernando García, Shamie Zingore, Luís Ignácio Prochnow, Mirasol Pampolino et al. „Assessing Potassium Mass Balances in Different Countries and Scales“. In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 283–340. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_11.

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AbstractEstimating nutrient mass balances using information on nutrient additions and removals generates useful, practical information on the nutrient status of a soil or area. A negative input–output balance of nutrients in the soil results when the crop nutrient removal and nutrient losses to other sinks become higher than the nutrient inputs into the system. Potassium (K) input–output balance varies among regions that have different climates, soil types, cropping systems, and cropping intensity. This chapter illustrates the farm-gate K balances in major production areas of the world and their impacts on native K fertility and crop yields. On-farm and on-station research examples show significant negative K balances in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, while China, the USA, Brazil, and countries of the Latin America Southern Cone highlighted continued requirement of location-specific K application to maintain crop yields and soil K fertility status at optimum levels.

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Mitra, Sisir. „Plant nutrition and irrigation.“ In Guava: botany, production and uses, 148–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0007.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on plant nutrition and irrigation in guava production. Information is given on soil, salinity, nutrient uptake, role of nutrients, fertilizer rate and time of application, foliar application, integrated nutrient management, tissue analysis, organic production, water management, and fertigation.

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Franzen, David. „Crop-Specific Nutrient Management“. In Soil Fertility Management in Agroecosystems, 12–43. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/soilfertility.2014.0008.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Zu, Di, Xiaodong Yang, Zhongbin Su, Xiaohe Gu und Yancang Wang. „The soil nutrient monitoring system“. In u- and e- Service, Science and Technology 2014. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2014.77.17.

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Savescu, Petre. „MITIGATION METHODS OF SOIL NUTRIENT LOSSES“. In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s13.026.

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Madhumathi, R., T. Arumuganathan, R. Shruthi und R. Sneha Iyer. „Soil Nutrient Analysis using Colorimetry Method“. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (ICSTCEE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcee49637.2020.9277182.

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Treese, Daniel P., Shirley E. Clark und Katherine H. Baker. „Nutrient Leaching from Disturbed Soil Horizons“. In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)302.

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Puno, John Carlo V., Rhen Anjerome R. Bedruz, Allysa Kate M. Brillantes, Ryan Rhay P. Vicerra, Argel A. Bandala und Elmer P. Dadios. „Soil Nutrient Detection using Genetic Algorithm“. In 2019 IEEE 11th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management ( HNICEM ). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem48295.2019.9072689.

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Pallevada, Hema, Siva parvathi Potu, Teja Venkata Kumar Munnangi, Bharath Chandhra Rayapudi, Sai Raghava Gadde und Mukesh Chinta. „Real-time Soil Nutrient detection and Analysis“. In 2021 International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacite51222.2021.9404549.

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Krishna, N. M. Sai, R. Priyakanth, Mahesh Babu Katta und Radha Abburi. „Soil Nutrient Survey and Google Map Cartography“. In 2020 9th International Conference System Modeling and Advancement in Research Trends (SMART). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smart50582.2020.9337135.

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Vesic, Ana, Vuk Ignjatovic, Sava Lakicevic, Luka Lakicevic, Bojan Gutic, Hristo Skacev, Dusan Dotlic, Andrej Micovic, Marina Marjanovic Jakovljevic und Miodrag Zivkovic. „Predicting Plant Water and Soil Nutrient Requirements“. In 2020 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/zinc50678.2020.9161433.

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Vernekar, Sulaxana R., Ingrid Anne P. Nazareth, Jivan S. Parab und Gourish M. Naik. „RF spectroscopy technique for soil nutrient analysis“. In 2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictsd.2015.7095878.

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Akhil, R., M. S. Gokul, Sruthi Menon und Lekshmi S. Nair. „Automated Soil Nutrient Monitoring for Improved Agriculture“. In 2018 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2018.8524512.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Soil nutrient"

Strand, Allan. Effects of fine-root senescence upon soil communities and nutrient flux into soil pools (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1841430.

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Cusack, Daniela, Benjamin Turner, S. Wright und Lee Dietterich. Consequences of Altered Root Nutrient Uptake for Soil Carbon Stabilization (Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1763927.

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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert und Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.

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Abay, Kibrom A., Mehari Hiluf Abay, Mulubrhan Amare, Guush Berhane und Ermias Betemariam. Mismatch between soil nutrient requirements and fertilizer applications: Implications for yield responses in Ethiopia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134449.

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Alvez, Juan, James Cropper, Lynn Knight, Ed Rayburn, Howard Skinner, Kathy Soder und Mike Westendorf. Managing Grazing to Improve Climate Resilience. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, Februar 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956540.ch.

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Heavy rain events have increased dramatically in the Northeastern United States. These downpours are causing more soil erosion and nutrient runoff. Increasing summer temperatures may also amplify plant stress and limit productivity.

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Comerford, N. B. Diagnosis and correction of soil nutrient limitations in intensively managed Southern pine forests. Quarterly report, October-December 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759444.

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Bjorkman, Thomas, Michel Cavigelli, Dan Dostie, Joshua Faulkner, Lynn Knight, Steven Mirsky und Brandon Smith. Cover Cropping to Improve Climate Resilience. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, Februar 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956539.ch.

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Heavy rains are becoming more frequent across the Northeastern United States and increasing soil erosion and nutrient runoff problems. Wetter weather in the spring and fall is reducing the number of days that fields can be worked.

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Comerford, N. B. Diagnosis and correction of soil nutrient limitations in intensively managed Southern pine forests. Quarterly report for the period January-March 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759332.

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Comerford, N. B. Diagnosis and correction of soil nutrient limitations in intensively managed Southern pine forests. Quarterly report for the period July-September 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761037.

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Haan, Matthew M., James R. Russell, Daniel G. Morrical und Daryl R. Strohbehn. Effects of Grazing Management on Forage Sward Height, Mass, and Nutrient Concentrations and the Proportions of Fecal Cover and Bare Soil in Pastures. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, Januar 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-133.

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