Zeitschriftenartikel: „Sodium fluorescein salt“

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Zhang, Zhihong, Heping Zhu und Huseyin Guler. „Quantitative Analysis and Correction of Temperature Effects on Fluorescent Tracer Concentration Measurement“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 11 (02.06.2020): 4501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114501.

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To ensure an accurate evaluation of pesticide spray application efficiency and pesticide mixture uniformity, reliable and accurate measurements of fluorescence concentrations in spray solutions are critical. The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of solution temperature on measured concentrations of fluorescent tracers as the simulated pesticides and to develop models to correct the deviation of measurements caused by temperature variations. Fluorescent tracers (Brilliant Sulfaflavine (BSF), Eosin, Fluorescein sodium salt) were selected for tests with the solution temperatures ranging from 10.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The results showed that the measured concentrations of BSF decreased as the solution temperature increased, and the decrement rate was high at the beginning and then slowed down and tended to become constant. In contrast, the concentrations of Eosin decreased slowly at the beginning and then noticeably increased as temperatures increased. On the other hand, the concentrations of Fluorescein sodium salt had little variations with its solution temperature. To ensure the measurement accuracy, correction models were developed using the response surface methodology to numerically correct the measured concentration errors due to variations with the solution temperature. Corrected concentrations using the models agreed well with the actual concentrations, and the overall relative errors were reduced from 42.36% to 2.91% for BSF, 11.72% to 1.55% for Eosin, and 2.68% to 1.17% for Fluorescein sodium salt. Thus, this approach can be used to improve pesticide sprayer performances by accurately quantifying droplet deposits on target crops and off-target areas.

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Mansour, Sh A., I. S. Yahia und G. B. Sakr. „Electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation behavior of fluorescein sodium salt (FSS)“. Solid State Communications 150, Nr. 29-30 (August 2010): 1386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2010.04.029.

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3

Cong, Rongjuan, Sibel Turksen und Paul Russo. „A New Synthesis of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Labeled Poly(styrenesulfonate sodium salt)“. Macromolecules 37, Nr. 12 (Juni 2004): 4731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0355554.

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4

Moiseeva, Natalia, Galina Chekryga, Oleg Motovilov und Olga Golub. „Fluorescence Method in Measuring the Degree of Brine Penetration into Boneless Whole-Muscle Turkey Meat“. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 51, Nr. 2 (15.06.2021): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2021-2-209-219.

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Introduction. Fluorescence is one of the most promising methods of food quality tests. Fluorescein disodium salt is used as a means of diagnostics in medicine and food production. In particular, fluorophore can determine the ripening stage of boneless turkey meat during brining by defining the penetration depth of the brine. Study objects and methods. The present research featured samples of brined turkey breast and thigh meat. The experiment was based on standard research methods, e.g. macro- and microscopy, statistical method, etc. It also included an original fluorescence method for determining the penetration depth of sodium chloride brine into turkey muscles. Results and discussion. The experimental brine consisted of food salt, white sugar, water, and fluorescein disodium salt, while brine without fluorophore served as control. Regardless of sodium chloride concentration, the changes in the ripening depth of the turkey breast samples were 8 times lower after 5 min, 3 times – after 12 h, and 4 times after 24 h. Complete ripening occurred after 36 h, which was confirmed by visual and fluorophore measurements. The thigh meat samples showed a smaller area of sodium chloride penetration: 8 times lower – after 5 min, 2 times – after 12 and 24 h. Complete salting was also registered after 36 h of brining. Conclusion. The fluorescence method proved quite effective in determining the ripening of boneless turkey parts meat.

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Morin, C. J., N. L. Mofaddel, A. M. Desbène und P. L. Desbène. „Utilization of fluorescein sodium salt for the indirect fluorimetric detection in micellar electrokinetic chromatography“. Journal of Chromatography A 872, Nr. 1-2 (März 2000): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01152-8.

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Yakuphanoglu, Fahrettin, Memet Sekerci und Ertan Evin. „The determination of the conduction mechanism and optical band gap of fluorescein sodium salt“. Physica B: Condensed Matter 382, Nr. 1-2 (Juni 2006): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.01.511.

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Yakuphanoglu, Fahrettin, und M. Sekerci. „The crystallization kinetics and thermal conductivity of alumina/fluorescein sodium salt (Al2O3/FSS) composites“. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38, Nr. 1 (17.12.2004): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/1/013.

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Yahia, I. S., A. A. M. Farag, F. Yakuphanoglu und W. A. Farooq. „Temperature dependence of electronic parameters of organic Schottky diode based on fluorescein sodium salt“. Synthetic Metals 161, Nr. 9-10 (Mai 2011): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.02.016.

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Jin, Ji-Young, Hyung-Gu Kim, Chang-Hee Hong, Eun-Kyung Suh und Youn-Sik Lee. „White light emission from a blue LED, combined with a sodium salt of fluorescein dye“. Synthetic Metals 157, Nr. 2-3 (Februar 2007): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.01.008.

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Sharifi, Soheil, Seyyed Mahdi Shavakandi und Amir Abbas Heidari. „Absorption, Fluorescence and Z-Scan Study of Anion and Dianion Structure of Fluorescein Sodium Salt“. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, Nr. 6 (01.06.2019): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2579.

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Farooq, W. A., Amanullah Fatehmulla, F. Yakuphanoglu, I. S. Yahia, Syed Mansoor Ali, M. Atif, M. Aslam und Walid Tawfik. „Photovoltaic Characteristics of Solar Cells Based on Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Sensitized with Fluorescein Sodium Salt“. Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 50, Nr. 2 (Mai 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-014-9356-8.

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Desbène, A. M., C. J. Morin, N. L. Mofaddel und R. S. Groult. „Utilization of fluorescein sodium salt in laser-induced indirect fluorimetric detection II. Application to organic anions“. Journal of Chromatography A 716, Nr. 1-2 (November 1995): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00786-m.

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Zhang, Jie, Jinxiu Zhu, Jin Wei, Shan Jiang, Lan Xu, Larry Qu, Kun Yang et al. „New Mechanism for the Sex Differences in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension“. Hypertension 75, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13822.

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Females are relatively resistant to salt-sensitive hypertension than males, but the mechanisms are not completely elucidated. We recently demonstrated a decisive role of macula densa neuronal NOS1β (nitric oxide synthase β)-mediated tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) in the long-term control of glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion, and blood pressure. In the present study, we hypothesized that the macula densa NOS1β-mediated TGF mechanism is different between male and female, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism of salt-sensitive hypertension. We used microperfusion, micropuncture, clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin, and radio telemetry to examine the sex differences in the changes of macula densa NOS1β expression and activity, TGF response, natriuresis, and blood pressure after salt loading in wild-type and macula densa-specific NOS1 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, a high-salt diet induced greater increases in macula densa NOS1β expression and phosphorylation at Ser 1417, greater nitric oxide generation by the macula densa, and more inhibition in TGF response in vitro and in vivo in females than in males. Additionally, the increases of glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, and sodium excretion in response to an acute volume expansion were significantly greater in females than in males. The blood pressure responses to angiotensin II plus a high-salt diet were significantly less in females than in males. In contrast, these sex differences in TGF, natriuretic response, and blood pressure were largely diminished in knockout mice. In conclusion, macula densa NOS1β-mediated TGF is a novel and important mechanism for the sex differences in salt-sensitive hypertension.

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Yahia, I. S., A. Bouzidi, H. Y. Zahran, W. Jilani, S. AlFaify, H. Algarni und H. Guermazi. „Design of smart optical sensor using polyvinyl alcohol/Fluorescein sodium salt: Laser filters and optical limiting effect“. Journal of Molecular Structure 1156 (März 2018): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.008.

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BARBERO, N., E. BARNI, C. BAROLO, P. QUAGLIOTTO, G. VISCARDI, L. NAPIONE, S. PAVAN und F. BUSSOLINO. „A study of the interaction between fluorescein sodium salt and bovine serum albumin by steady-state fluorescence“. Dyes and Pigments 80, Nr. 3 (März 2009): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.08.006.

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Climent, Estela, Mandy Hecht und Knut Rurack. „Loading and Release of Charged and Neutral Fluorescent Dyes into and from Mesoporous Materials: A Key Role for Sensing Applications“. Micromachines 12, Nr. 3 (28.02.2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030249.

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The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of loading and release of several zwitterionic, neutral, anionic and cationic dyes into/from mesoporous nanoparticles to find the optimum loading and release conditions for their application in detection protocols. The loading is carried out for MCM-41 type silica supports suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer (pH 7.4) or in acetonitrile, involving the dyes (rhodamine B chloride, rhodamine 101 chloride, rhodamine 101 perchlorate, rhodamine 101 inner salt, meso-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY), sulforhodamine B sodium salt and fluorescein 27). As a general trend, rhodamine-based dyes are loaded with higher efficiency, when compared with BODIPY and fluorescein dyes. Between the rhodamine-based dyes, their charge and the solvent in which the loading process is carried out play important roles for the amount of cargo that can be loaded into the materials. The delivery experiments carried out in PBS buffer at pH 7.4 reveal for all the materials that anionic dyes are more efficiently released compared to their neutral or cationic counterparts. The overall best performance is achieved with the negatively charged sulforhodamine B dye in acetonitrile. This material also shows a high delivery degree in PBS buffer.

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Walthall, W. K., und J. D. Stark. „The acute and chronic toxicity of two xanthene dyes, fluorescein sodium salt and phloxine B, to Daphnia pulex“. Environmental Pollution 104, Nr. 2 (Februar 1999): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00189-4.

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Desbène, P. L., C. J. Morin, A. M. Desbène Monvernay und R. S. Groult. „Utilization of fluorescein sodium salt in laser-induced indirect fluorimetric detection of ions separated by capillary zone electrophoresis“. Journal of Chromatography A 689, Nr. 1 (Januar 1995): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)00757-z.

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Shin, Chong In, MunSik Kim und Yeu-Chun Kim. „Delivery of Niacinamide to the Skin Using Microneedle-Like Particles“. Pharmaceutics 11, Nr. 7 (11.07.2019): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11070326.

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The stratum corneum is the outermost skin layer that obstructs the delivery of active ingredients found in cosmeceutical products. Chemical peels and microbeads have been used to overcome this layer, but these methods can cause side effects and are not environmentally friendly. While microneedles do not share the dangers mentioned above, they are currently only available as patches, which makes them unsuitable to be used with products that are usually applied onto a large area of the skin surface. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop microneedle-like particles (MLP) whose needles would disrupt the skin during the rubbing process. A modified approach taken from conventional micromolding techniques was used to make the MLPs. The experimental results show that the fabricated structures had the required mechanical strength. Furthermore, after the application of the MLPs, the permeability of two fluorescent dyes, fluorescein sodium salt and sulforhodamine B increased to 217.6% ± 25.6% and 251.7% ± 12.8% respectively. Additionally, the permeability of a model drug, niacinamide, was shown to have increased to 193.8% ± 29.9%. Cryosectioned porcine slices also confirmed the ability of MLPs to enhance skin permeability by revealing a deeper penetration of the applied fluorescent dye. Altogether, the results demonstrate the potential of MLPs to be used as safe skin permeability enhancers that can be applied all over the skin.

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Aydin, M. E., F. Yakuphanoglu und T. Kılıçoğlu. „The current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics of molecularly modified β-carotene/n-type Si junction structure with fluorescein sodium salt“. Synthetic Metals 157, Nr. 24 (Dezember 2007): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.11.005.

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Klein, Anna Lena, Markus Lubda, Paniz Akbarzadeh Taghavi, Jürgen Lademann, Ingeborg Beckers, Jörg von Hagen, Harald Kolmar und Alexa Patzelt. „Solvent-Containing Closure Material Can Be Used to Prevent Follicular Penetration of Caffeine and Fluorescein Sodium Salt on Porcine Ear Skin“. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 33, Nr. 2 (2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505839.

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Mali, Bhagwat D., und Kartik A. Ambade. „Paper Chromatographic Method for Identification and Semiquantitative Determination of Pyridine and α-Picoline in Denatured Spirit, French Polish, and their Derived Preparations“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, Nr. 1 (01.01.1985): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.1.105.

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Abstract A paper chromatographic method is described for determination of pyridine and a-picoline in ordinary denatured spirit, french polish, and their derived illicit liquors. The method is based on conversion of the pyridine bases to their salts (sulfate or hydrochloride). The salt residue is subjected to 2-dimensional paper chromatography on filter paper, using methanol-butanol-acetic acid-ethyl acetate (20 + 10 + 1 + 10) as developing solvents, and is sprayed uniformly with sodium rhodizonate followed by barium chloride (for sulfate salts), or ammmoniacal silver nitrate followed by fluorescein (for hydrochloride salts). Pyridine bases in alcoholic samples containing resinous/volatile matter are estimated in the filtrate obtained after their treatment with alum at pH 5-6. The amount of pyridine and a-picoline is calculated from calibration graphs obtained by plotting the square of the spot diameter against pyridine and a-picoline concentrations. The method allowed detection and estimation of pyridine bases in denatured alcoholic samples at a concentration as low as 60 mg/L. Average recovery of added pyridine bases was 99.4% by this method.

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Weng, Zhulin, Yaochen Zheng, Aijin Tang und Chao Gao. „Synthesis, Dye Encapsulation, and Highly Efficient Colouring Application of Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, Nr. 1 (2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13353.

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A novel kind of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymer (AHP), poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-polystyrene (HPTAM-co-PS), was synthesized via the combination of reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and self-condensing vinyl polymerization (RAFT-SCVP). HPTAM-co-PS was functionalized via the highly efficient Menschutkin click reaction, resulting in hyperbranched poly(propargyl quaternary ammonium methacrylate)-co-polystyrene (HPPrAM-co-PS) with a hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt core and hydrophobic PS shell. The average numbers of dye molecules trapped by each molecule of HPPrAM-co-PS (24.2 kDa) were 24.1 for methyl orange (MO), 22.0 for fluorescein sodium (FS), 24.2 for rose bengal (RB), and 238.4 for Congo red (CR). The polymer–dye complexes show excellent colouring effects for both PS and poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) membranes; the colour of the membrane containing AHP is very stable and uniform. Our work opens an avenue for the design of efficient dye-colouring additives and for the application of hyperbranched polymers in the field of polymer colouring.

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Matsumoto, Taichi, Masahiro Miki, Kazuo Kojima und Noriyuki Wada. „Optical properties of organic-dye-doped spherical particles of polyorganosiloxane derived from methyltrimethoxysilane using a reaction field of W/O emulsion“. Journal of Materials Research 23, Nr. 5 (Mai 2008): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0182.

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Polyorganosiloxane spherical particles were synthesized by a sol-gel method from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) using a reaction field of W/O emulsion consisting of sorbitantrioleate (SPAN85), n-octane, and aqueous solutions of basic, acid, and oil-soluble organic dyes. The investigation focused on the types of dyes suitable for incorporation into the spherical particles by using this method. The morphology of the particles was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) reflectance spectra of dye-doped spherical particles were measured. Basic dyes [Rhodamine B (RB), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Crystal Violet (CV), Malachite Green (MG), and Thioflavin T (TT)] were doped into the spherical particles. Spherical particles obtained from aqueous solutions of RB, R6G, and CV were colored deeply. However, the MG- and TT-doped particles were scarcely colored. The reason for this color difference was discussed based on the comparison of UV-vis reflectance spectra of dye-doped spherical particles with absorption spectra of starting solutions of the dyes. It is found that the dye that tends to form dimers in aqueous solution was doped more easily than the dyes that tend to form monomers only. On the other hand, spherical particles obtained from acid dyes [Fluorescein Sodium Salt (FSS), Orange G (OG), Naphthol Green B (NGB), and Erythrosin B (EB)] and oil-soluble dye [Fluorescein (FLU)] were all white, confirming that these dyes were not doped in the particles. The reason was discussed in terms of the nature of the dyes and the formation mechanism of the spherical particles.

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Gilyazova, A. A., A. N. Samoylov und R. Kh Khafiz’yanova. „Laser photocoagulation for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy“. Kazan medical journal 96, Nr. 4 (15.08.2015): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-514.

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Aim. To assess the efficacy of laser photocoagulation treatment for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods. The study included 17 eyes of 15 patients with relapse of central serous chorioretinopathy of different etiology, including 9 men. Patient’s age ranged from 34 to 55 years. Mean disease duration ranged from 3 months to 8 years. All study subjects underwent a standard ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity testing, intraocular pressure measurement, bioophthalmoscopy, color vision testing, visual field testing, optical coherence tomography, fluorescent angiography of the retina before and after the treatment. Fluorescein sodium salt (100 mg/ml, ampules of 5 ml, «Novartis Pharma» was used as a contrast. Before the treatment, neuroepithelial layer detachment height was 385.09±14.1 µm, the best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.41 to 0.82. The study group did not include the patients with secondary choroidal neovascularization. Diode laser with wave length of 532 nm («Carl Zeiss») was used for laser photocoagulation. The laser photocoagulation procedure was done using the following parameters: exposure time 0.05-0.1 sec, the spot diameter 100-200 µm, and the impulse energy of 100-200 mJ. Results. Significant improvement of visual acuity, disappearance of relative central scotoma proven by instrumental methods was seen in all patients. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.91, decrease of neuroepithelial layer detachment height with adherence of all layers of the retina was reduced to 171.12±11.5 µm on the 3-5 day after laser photocoagulation. Patients were followed up from 1 to 6 months, with treatment results staying stable. Conclusion. Laser photocoagulation of a retina in treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy allows to achieve encouraging morphologic and functional results.

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Becker, Ulrich, Carsten Ehrhardt, Marc Schneider, Leon Muys, Dorothea Gross, Klaus Eschmann, Ulrich F. Schaefer und Claus-Michael Lehr. „A Comparative Evaluation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Cultures for Assessing Ocular Permeability“. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, Nr. 1 (Februar 2008): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600106.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of different epithelial cell culture systems as in vitro models for studying corneal permeability. Transformed human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and Statens Serum Institut rabbit corneal (SIRC) cells were cultured on permeable filters. SkinEthic human corneal epithelium (S-HCE) and Clonetics human corneal epithelium (C-HCE) were received as ready-to-use systems. Excised rabbit corneas (ERCs) and human corneas (EHCs) were mounted in Ussing chambers, and used as references. Barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, and by determining the apparent permeability of markers with different physico–chemical properties, namely, fluorescein, sodium salt; propranolol hydrochloride; moxaverine hydrochloride; timolol hydrogenmaleate; and rhodamine 123. SIRC cells and the S-HCE failed to develop epithelial barrier properties, and hence were unable to distinguish between the permeation markers. Barrier function and the power to differentiate compound permeabilities were evident with HCE-T cells, and were even more pronounced in the case of C-HCE, corresponding very well with data from ERCs and EHCs. A net secretion of rhodamine 123 was not observed with any of the models, suggesting that P-glycoprotein or similar efflux systems have no significant effects on corneal permeability. Currently available corneal epithelial cell culture systems show differences in epithelial barrier function. Systems lacking functional cell–cell contacts are of limited value for assessing corneal permeability, and should be critically evaluated for other purposes.

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Dépée, Alexis, Pascal Lemaitre, Thomas Gelain, Marie Monier und Andrea Flossmann. „Laboratory study of the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets – Part I: Influence of relative humidity“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, Nr. 9 (06.05.2021): 6945–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6945-2021.

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Abstract. A new In-Cloud Aerosol Scavenging Experiment (In-CASE) has been conceived to measure the collection efficiency (CE) of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets. In this setup, droplets fall at their terminal velocity through a 1 m high chamber in a laminar flow containing aerosol particles. At the bottom of the In-CASE chamber, the droplet train is separated from the aerosol particle flow – droplets are collected in an impaction cup, whereas aerosol particles are deposited on a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. The collected droplets and the filter are then analysed by fluorescence spectrometry since the aerosol particles are atomised from a sodium fluorescein salt solution (C20H10Na2O5). In-CASE fully controls all the parameters which affect the CE – the droplets and aerosol particles size distributions are monodispersed, the electric charges of droplets and aerosol particles are controlled, and the relative humidity is indirectly set via the chamber's temperature. This novel In-CASE setup is presented here as well as the first measurements obtained to study the impact of relative humidity on CE. For this purpose, droplets and particles are electrically neutralised. A droplet radius of 49.6±1.3 µm has been considered for six particle dry radii between 50 and 250 nm and three relative humidity levels of 71.1±1.3 %, 82.4±1.4 % and 93.5±0.9 %. These new CE measurements have been compared to theoretical models from literature which adequately describe the relative humidity influence on the measured CE.

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Dépée, Alexis, Pascal Lemaitre, Thomas Gelain, Marie Monier und Andrea Flossmann. „Laboratory study of the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets – Part II: Influence of electric charges“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, Nr. 9 (06.05.2021): 6963–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6963-2021.

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Abstract. A new In-Cloud Aerosol Scavenging Experiment (In-CASE) has been developed to measure the collection efficiency (CE) of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets. Droplets fall at their terminal velocity through a 1 m high chamber in a laminar flow containing aerosol particles. At the bottom of the In-CASE chamber, the droplet train is separated from the aerosol particles flow, and the droplets are collected in an impaction cup, whereas aerosol particles are deposited on a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. The collected droplets and the filter are then analysed by fluorescence spectrometry since the aerosol particles are atomised from a sodium fluorescein salt solution (C20H10Na2O5). In-CASE fully controls all the parameters which affect the CE – the droplets and aerosol particles size distributions are monodispersed, the electric charges of droplets and aerosol particles are known and set, and the relative humidity is indirectly controlled via the chamber's temperature. This paper details the In-CASE setup and the dataset of 70 measurements obtained to study the impact of the electric charges on CE. For this purpose, droplets and particles charges are controlled through two charging systems developed in this work – both chargers are detailed below. The droplet charge varies from -3.0×104±1.4×103 to +9.6×104±4.3×103 elementary charges, while the particle charge ranges from zero to -90±9 elementary charges depending on the particle radius. A droplet radius of 48.5±1.1 µm has been considered for four particle dry radii between 100 and 250 nm while the relative humidity level during experiments is 95.1±0.2 %. The measurements are then compared to theoretical models from literature – showing good agreement.

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Voskresenskaya, L. K., V. V. Ryadnova, O. Yu Maksimuk, I. S. Steblovska und A. V. Voskresenskaya. „TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE EPITHELIUM OF THE OCULAR SURFACE WITH "DRY EYE" SYNDROME“. Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, Nr. 2 (06.07.2020): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.19.

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According to recent studies, the prevalence of dry eye syndrome makes up 14% of cases in patients under the age of 50 years and 65-75% in patients over 50 years of age. Risk factors for the development of dry eye syndrome include aging, stress, side effect of frequent instillations of eye preparations, exposure to radiant energy, and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using “Delargin”, an antioxidant medicine, in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. 50 patients (100 eyes) aged 30-70 years were examined at the Department of Ophthalmology and then divided into three groups depending on the treatment used. Group 1 included 10 patients (20 eyes), who were prescribed to instil Oksial eye drops. Group 2 included 10 patients (20 eyes), who received basic therapy by instilling a solution of sodium salt of hyaluronic acid 0.0015 g / ml. Group 3 involved 20 patients (40 eyes), who instilled Delargin and hyaluronic acid. Monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment was carried out using the following methods: to assess basal tear production, a Schirmer 1 test was performed using the Ophthalic Test diagnostic bands (India); a Norn test was performed to control the stability of the tear membrane. Fluorescence test (staining of the cornea with 1% sodium fluorescein solution) was applied to detect corneal defects; Lipcof test was used to assess the degree of lid-parallel fold formation of the bulbar conjunctiva relative to the costal margin of the lower eyelid. As a result of the treatment, the patients of the Group 1 demonstrated that the Norn test scores increased to some extent from 6.8 ± 0.1 s up to 7.5 ± 0.1 s; in the patients of the Group 2 following the treatment, it was 8.5 ± 0.2 s and in the Group 3, the Norn test values were 11.2 ± 0.2 s (P<0.05). The frequency of blinking movements decreased significantly and approached the normal. It has been found out that the therapy of dry eye syndrome that includes the antioxidant Delargin, can significantly promotes normalizing of parameters typical for this process.

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Długosz, Jacek, Anna Piotrowska-Długosz, Karol Kotwica und Ewelina Przybyszewska. „Application of Multi-Component Conditioner with Clinoptilolite and Ascophyllum nodosum Extract for Improving Soil Properties and Zea mays L. Growth and Yield“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 12 (20.12.2020): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122005.

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The application of various conditioners in agriculture is one of the management practices used to improve soil quality and plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-component conditioner on the selected soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. The effect of a conditioner on a set of soil properties and maize growth and yield was studied in one-year experiments carried out at three study sites, which were under a conventional tillage system. All of the study sites were located on farms in three geographic mezoregions in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region (Midwestern Poland). The studied soils were Haplic Luvisol (Janocin and Kobylnica) and Albic Luvisols (Krukówko) that were composed of sandy loam. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of a conditioner Solactiv on the soil and plant properties. The conditioner significantly affected the soil enzyme activities such as dehydrogenase (DHA), fluorescein sodium salt hydrolysis level (FDAH) and carboxymethylcellulose cellulase (CMC—cellulase); wherein the last one increased by about 16–20%. The application of Solactiv also increased the available K content (about 11%) but not the content of the microbial biomass C and N. Total porosity (TP), which was significantly higher in the soil treated with conditioner than in the control soils, increased the available water capacity (AWC) (about 2.2%). The higher AWC in the treated soil indicated the greater contribution of the mesopores in the TP (about 4%). A significantly higher readily available water capacity (RAWC) and small pores available water capacity (SAWC) was determined in the treated soils compared to the controls. Of the plant properties, only plant height, fresh cob biomass (BBCH 87–89) and fresh plant biomass (BBCH 84–85) were significantly increased by the conditioner. The application of Solactiv is considered to be a promising approach for developing sustainable agriculture by improving the soil’s biological activity and water-related properties.

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Dvořáková, Hana, Antonín Holý und Milena Masojídková. „Fluorescent analogues of acyclic inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, Nr. 8 (1988): 1779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19881779.

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Condensation of sodium salt of 2-aminopurine (I) with 4-chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (II) followed by acid hydrolysis afforded 9-(RS)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2-aminopurine (V). Similarly, sodium salt of lin-benzoadenine (IX) reacted with compound II to give 3-(RS)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-lin-benzoadenine (Xb). Analogues of eritadenine (XVIb) derived from 2-aminopurine (VII) and lin-benzoadenine (XIV) were obtained by reaction of sodium salt of the corresponding base (I or IX) with 2,3-O-cyclohexylidene-D-erythronolactone (VI) and subsequent acid hydrolysis. By action of chloroacetaldehyde on 9-substituted acyclic analogues of adenosine or AMP (XVI) were prepared 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,N6-ethenoadenine (XVIIa), 1,N6-etheno derivative of eritadenine (XVIIb), 3-(1,N6-ethenoadenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (XVIIc) and its 2-methylpropyl ester (XVIId), as well as 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-1,N6-ethenoadenine (XVIIe) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-1,N6-ethenoadenine (XVIIf). Fluorescence spectra of all the mentioned compounds exhibit parameters corresponding to the substituted fluorophore; however, no pronounced inhibitory effect on SAH-hydrolase from L-1210 mice leukemia cells has been found for any of them.

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Gonzalez, Pedro, James P. Syvertsen und Ed Etxeberria. „Sodium Distribution in Salt-stressed Citrus Rootstock Seedlings“. HortScience 47, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2012): 1504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.10.1504.

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Although citrus trees are considered relatively salt-sensitive, there are consistent differences in Na+ and Cl– tolerance among different citrus rootstocks. We grew uniform seedlings of rough lemon (RL) and the more Na+-tolerant Swingle citrumelo (SC) with and without 50 mm NaCl for 42 days. Salinity reduced leaf chlorophyll and plant transpiration rate (Ep) more in RL than SC. Confocal laser scanning analyses using the Na+-specific cell-permeant fluorescent probe CoroNa-Red revealed a higher capacity for Na+ sequestration in root tissue vacuoles of SC than in RL roots and that cell walls within the stele acted as Na+ traps. In leaves, however, RL had significantly higher Na+-dependent fluorescence than SC. Thus, the sequestration of Na+ in root tissue vacuoles and its immobilization by cell walls were key contributing mechanisms enabling SC leaves to maintain lower levels of Na+ than RL leaves. Examination of intracellular distribution of CoroNa-Green fluorescence in SC root protoplasts verified a vacuolar localization for Na+ in addition to the presence of a 2- to 6-μm unidentified endosomal compartment containing significantly higher Na+ concentrations.

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Chen, Liangzhe, Biao Hu, Jieyu Zhang, Jinmei Zhang, Shuting Huang, Ping Ren, Yang Zou, Fuyuan Ding, Xinghai Liu und Houbin Li. „A facile synthesis of 1,3,6,8-pyrenesulfonic acid tetrasodium salt as a hydrosoluble fluorescent ink for anti-counterfeiting applications“. RSC Advances 9, Nr. 1 (2019): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09106d.

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Stross, Claudia, Angelika Helmer, Katrin Weissenberger, Boris Görg, Verena Keitel, Dieter Häussinger und Ralf Kubitz. „Protein kinase C induces endocytosis of the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide“. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, Nr. 2 (August 2010): G320—G328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00180.2010.

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Bile salts influence signaling and metabolic pathways. In hepatocytes, the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) is a major determinant of intracellular bile salt levels. Short-term downregulation of Ntcp is not well characterized to date. FLAG and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) tags were cloned to the extra- and intracellular termini of Ntcp. Endocytosis of Ntcp in transfected HepG2 cells was visualized by fluorescence of EGFP, and membrane surface expression of Ntcp was quantified by flow cytometry with fluorochrome-labeled FLAG antibodies. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbolester or thymeleatoxin an activator of Ca2+-dependent conventional PKCs (cPKCs), induced endocytosis of Ntcp, whereas the Na+-K+-ATPase remained in the plasma membrane. The PKC inhibitor BIM I and the cPKC-selective inhibitor Gö6976 abolished PMA-induced endocytosis. Because of this internalization, cell surface expression of Ntcp was reduced by 36 ± 7%, bile salt uptake was decreased by 25%, and taurolithocholate sulfate-induced cell toxicity was prevented. In conclusion, Ca2+-dependent PKCs induce vesicular retrieval of Ntcp, thereby reducing bile salt uptake. This mechanism may protect hepatocytes from toxic intracellular bile salt concentrations.

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Feng, Junping, Wenyu Ma, Zongbin Ma, Zhongying Ren, Yang Zhou, Junjie Zhao, Wei Li und Wei Liu. „GhNHX3D, a Vacuolar-Localized Na+/H+ Antiporter, Positively Regulates Salt Response in Upland Cotton“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 8 (14.04.2021): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084047.

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Vacuolar sodium/proton (Na+/H+) antiporters (NHXs) can stabilize ion contents to improve the salt tolerance of plants. Here, GhNHX3D was cloned and characterized from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that GhNHX3D belongs to the vacuolar-type NHXs. The GhNHX3D-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion protein localized on the vacuolar membrane when transiently expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that GhNHX3D was induced rapidly in response to salt stress in cotton leaves, and its transcript levels increased with the aggravation of salt stress. The introduction of GhNHX3D into the salt-sensitive yeast mutant ATX3 improved its salt tolerance. Furthermore, silencing of GhNHX3D in cotton plants by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the Na+ levels in the leaves, stems, and roots and decreased the K+ content in the roots, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Our results indicate that GhNHX3D is a member of the vacuolar NHX family and can confer salt tolerance by adjusting the steady-state balance of cellular Na+ and K+ ions.

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Abyan, Mouhammad, Liliana Bîrlă, Franck Bertorelle, Fernanda Rodrigues und Suzanne Fery-Forgues. „Free-standing microcrystals of a fluorescent organic dye: Preparation and spectroscopic study“. International Journal of Photoenergy 2006 (2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijp/2006/30937.

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Suspensions of microcrystals were obtained from an organic fluorescent dye, 4-n-octylamino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, by reprecipitation in water in the presence of various macromolecules: anionic or cationic PAMAM dendrimer, poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt), poly(acrylamide), and calf thymus DNA. The use of these additives allowed the size and shape of the microcrystals to be controlled. A study by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed some common points, but also some interesting differences, in the optical behaviour of the five samples.

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Katoh, Akiko, Hiroaki Fujihara, Toyoaki Ohbuchi, Tatsushi Onaka, Takashi Hashimoto, Mitsuhiro Kawata, Hideaki Suzuki und Yoichi Ueta. „Highly Visible Expression of an Oxytocin-Monomeric Red Fluorescent Protein 1 Fusion Gene in the Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary of Transgenic Rats“. Endocrinology 152, Nr. 7 (17.05.2011): 2768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0006.

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We have generated rats bearing an oxytocin (OXT)-monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fusion transgene. The mRFP1 fluorescence was highly visible in ventral part of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the posterior pituitary in a whole mount. mRFP1 fluorescence in hypothalamic sections was also observed in the SON, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and the internal layer of the median eminence. Salt loading for 5 d caused a marked increase in mRFP1 fluorescence in the SON, the PVN, the median eminence, and the posterior pituitary. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the expression of the mRNA encoding the OXT-mRFP1 fusion gene was observed in the SON and the PVN of euhydrated rats and increased dramatically after chronic salt loading. The expression of the endogenous OXT and the arginine vasopressin (AVP) genes were significantly increased in the SON and the PVN after chronic salt loading in both nontransgenic and transgenic rats. These responses were not different between male and female rats. Compared with nontransgenic rats, euhydrated and salt-loaded male and female transgenic rats showed no significant differences in plasma osmolality, sodium concentration, OXT, and AVP levels. Finally, we succeeded in generating a double-transgenic rat that expresses both the OXT-mRFP1 fusion gene and the AVP-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion gene. Our new transgenic rats are valuable new tools to study the physiology of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.

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Jiao, Liyong, Mengnan Zhang und Houbin Li. „Preparation of 1, 3, 6, 8-Pyrenesulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles and Their Application in Water-Based Anti-Counterfeit Ink“. Materials 13, Nr. 18 (14.09.2020): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184074.

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In order to improve the luminescent stability of water-based anti-counterfeit ink, a new fluorescent material is prepared by doping dye into silica nanoparticles. Water soluble anionic dye 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PTSA) is selected as the dopant. In this work, PTSA is successfully trapped into silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) by the reverse microemulsion method using cationic polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; PDADMAC) as a bridge. The UV absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescent decay curves are used to describe the luminescent properties of the PTSA-doped silica nanoparticles (PTSA-SiNPs). In addition, the as-prepared PTSA-SiNPs and polyurethane waterborne emulsion are used to prepare water-based anti-counterfeit ink, and fluorescent patterns are successfully printed through screen-printing. The samples printed by the ink exhibit desirable fluorescence properties, heat stability, robust photostability, and a fluorescent anti-counterfeit effect, which makes the PTSA-SiNPs promising luminescent materials for anti-counterfeit applications.

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Lossow, Kristina, Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer, Wolfgang Meyerhof und Maik Behrens. „Segregated Expression of ENaC Subunits in Taste Cells“. Chemical Senses 45, Nr. 4 (01.02.2020): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa004.

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Abstract Salt taste is one of the 5 basic taste qualities. Depending on the concentration, table salt is perceived either as appetitive or aversive, suggesting the contribution of several mechanisms to salt taste, distinguishable by their sensitivity to the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker amiloride. A taste-specific knockout of the α-subunit of the ENaC revealed the relevance of this polypeptide for low-salt transduction, whereas the response to other taste qualities remained normal. The fully functional ENaC is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits. In taste tissue, however, the precise constitution of the channel and the cell population responsible for detecting table salt remain uncertain. In order to examine the cells and subunits building the ENaC, we generated mice carrying modified alleles allowing the synthesis of green and red fluorescent proteins in cells expressing the α- and β-subunit, respectively. Fluorescence signals were detected in all types of taste papillae and in taste buds of the soft palate and naso-incisor duct. However, the lingual expression patterns of the reporters differed depending on tongue topography. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for the γ-subunit of the ENaC revealed a lack of overlap between all potential subunits. The data suggest that amiloride-sensitive recognition of table salt is unlikely to depend on the classical ENaCs formed by α-, β-, and γ-subunits and ask for a careful investigation of the channel composition.

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Chiao, Yu-Hsuan, Shu-Ting Chen, Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang, Tanmoy Patra, David Alfonso Castilla-Casadiego, Rong Fan, Jorge Almodovar, Wei-Song Hung und S. Ranil Wickramasinghe. „High-Performance Polyacrylic Acid-Grafted PVDF Nanofiltration Membrane with Good Antifouling Property for the Textile Industry“. Polymers 12, Nr. 11 (22.10.2020): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112443.

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In the textile industry, a high-efficiency dye removal and low-retention of salt is demanded for recycling wastewater. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was transformed to a negatively charged loose nanofiltration (NF) membrane through UV-grafting of acrylic acid. At the optimal exposure of PVDF membrane in UV light for 5 min, the membrane had a high dye recovery above 99% (Congo red and Eriochrome® Black T) and a low sodium chloride (NaCl) rejection of less than 15% along with pure water flux of 26 L∙m−2∙h−1∙bar−1. Its antifouling and oleophobicity surface properties were verified using fluorescent- bovine serum albumin (BSA) and underwater mineral oil contact angle, respectively. According to the fluorescent microscopic images, the modified membrane had ten times lower adhesion of protein on the surface than the unmodified membrane. The underwater oil contact angle was raised from 110° to 155°. Moreover, the salt rejection followed this sequence: Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl > MgCl2, which agreed with the typical negatively charged NF membrane. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of membranes was further investigated to understand and link to the membrane performance, such as surface functional group, surface elements analysis, surface roughness/morphology, and surface hydrophilicity.

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Huang, Jingfan, und Frank V. Bright. „Microheterogeneity of Sodium Dodecylsulfate Micelles Probed by Frequency-Domain Fluorometry“. Applied Spectroscopy 46, Nr. 2 (Februar 1992): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125663.

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The microenvironment of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles has been examined with the use of two fluorescent probes, 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (2,6-ANS) and N-phenyl-naphthylamine (1-AN). The fluorescence lifetimes are recovered from multifrequency phase and modulation data with the use of a global analysis protocol. The fluorescence decay kinetics of 2,6-ANS, which probes the outer-core region (i.e., the palisade layer) of SDS micelles, is characterized by a Lorentzian distribution. In contrast, a single discrete excited-state lifetime is observed for 1-AN, which is expected to position itself in the inner-core region of the micelle. Fluorescence lifetimes of these probes are investigated also as functions of temperature, concentration of counter ions (Na+ and Mg2+) and linear alcohols ( n-BuOH, n-PeOH, n-HeOH, and n-HepOH). The collective results confirm that the outer-core region of SDS micelles is microheterogeneous and the inner core is essentially homogeneous. In addition, the lifetimes and the partitioning of the outer-core probe, 2,6-ANS, appear to be more sensitive to variations in temperature and counter ions in comparison to those of the inner-core probe, 1-AN. The microenvironment of 2,6-ANS is found to be more heterogeneous at high temperature and low salt concentrations. This observation, we propose, is a result of different degrees of water penetration in the outer-core region. In the SDS system, the effects of micelle polydispersity and compositional diversity, on the environmental microheterogeneity of the fluorescent probe, seem to be minimal in comparison to water gradient effects.

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Głuszyńska, Agata, Bernard Juskowiak und Błażej Rubiś. „Binding Study of the Fluorescent Carbazole Derivative with Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes“. Molecules 23, Nr. 12 (30.11.2018): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123154.

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The carbazole ligand 3 was synthesized, characterized and its binding interactions with human telomeric (22HT) G-quadruplex DNA in Na+ and K+-containing buffer were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and DNA melting. The results showed that the studied carbazole ligand interacted and stabilized the intramolecular G-quadruplexes formed by the telomeric sequence in the presence of sodium and potassium ions. In the UV-Vis titration experiments a two-step complex formation between ligand and G-quadruplex was observed. Very low fluorescence intensity of the carbazole derivative in Tris HCl buffer in the presence of the NaCl or KCl increased significantly after addition of the 22HT G4 DNA. Binding stoichiometry of the ligand/G-quadruplex was investigated with absorbance-based Job plots. Carbazole ligand binds 22HT with about 2:1 stoichiometry in the presence of sodium and potassium ions. The binding mode appeared to be end-stacking with comparable binding constants of ~105 M−1 as determined from UV-Vis and fluorescence titrations data. The carbazole ligand is able to induce formation of G4 structure of 22HT in the absence of salt, which was proved by CD spectroscopy and melting studies. The derivative of carbazole 3 shows significantly higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells then for non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. The cytotoxic activity of ligand seems to be not associated with telomerase inhibition.

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Kader, Md Abdul, und Sylvia Lindberg. „Uptake of sodium in protoplasts of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant cultivars of rice, Oryza sativa L. determined by the fluorescent dye SBFI“. Journal of Experimental Botany 56, Nr. 422 (07.11.2005): 3149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri312.

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Baulin, V. E., N. F. Goldshleger, D. V. Baulin und I. P. Kalashnikova. „Crown-Containing Phthalocyanines are Potential Sensibilizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Synthesis, Properties and Role of Non-Covalent Interactions“. Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 1, Nr. 3 (2018): e00042. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bmcrm00042.

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Phthalocyanines (Pc) and their supramolecular aggregates are widely used in molecular electronics, chemical sensors, and catalysis, as well as in biology and medicine, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). One of the possibilities of preventing Pc aggregation in an aqueous medium is using surfactants: with their molecules are self-organized various supramolecular complexes. This results in formation of the required microheterogeneous Pc environment compatible with the biological medium. The monomolecular state of Pc in an aqueous medium is especially important for their use as sensitizers in fluorescence diagnostics and PDT. We have summarized here the results of investigations of distinctive features of the supramolecular aggregation of octa-[(4′-benzo-15-crown-5)oxy]phthalocyaninates (Mcr8Pc) and tetra-[(4′-benzo-15-crown-5)oxy]phthalocyaninates (Mcr4Pc) in electrolytic solutions and solutions of synthetic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Biocompatible surfactants such as carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na-CMC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were also studied. Using the electron absorption spectra it has been shown that formation of Mсr8Pc monomers in micellar solutions of SDC is affected by both increased surfactant concentration and by changes in the ionic strength of solution after sodium chloride is added. The effect of the chemical structure of the biocompatible anionic surfactant on monomerization of crown_containing phthalocyanines has been identified; this fact opens new possibilities for using this family of compounds for fluorescent diagnosis and PDT.

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KAWAKAMI, Jun, Masahiro TAKAHASHI, Shunji ITO und Haruo KITAHARA. „Photophysical Properties of the 2-Hydroxytryptanthrin and Its Sodium Salt as Near-infrared Dyes for Fluorescent Imaging“. Analytical Sciences 32, Nr. 2 (2016): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.32.251.

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Katoh, Akiko, Hiroaki Fujihara, Toyoaki Ohbuchi, Tatsushi Onaka, W. Scott Young, Govindan Dayanithi, Yuka Yamasaki et al. „Specific expression of an oxytocin-enhanced cyan fluorescent protein fusion transgene in the rat hypothalamus and posterior pituitary“. Journal of Endocrinology 204, Nr. 3 (21.12.2009): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0289.

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We have generated rats bearing an oxytocin (OXT)-enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (eCFP) fusion transgene designed from a murine construct previously shown to be faithfully expressed in transgenic mice. In situ hybridisation histochemistry revealed that the Oxt–eCfp fusion gene was expressed in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in these rats. The fluorescence emanating from eCFP was observed only in the SON, the PVN, the internal layer of the median eminence and the posterior pituitary (PP). In in vitro preparations, freshly dissociated cells from the SON and axon terminals showed clear eCFP fluorescence. Immunohistochemistry for OXT and arginine vasopressin (AVP) revealed that the eCFP fluorescence co-localises with OXT immunofluorescence, but not with AVP immunofluorescence in the SON and the PVN. Although the expression levels of the Oxt–eCfp fusion gene in the SON and the PVN showed a wide range of variations in transgenic rats, eCFP fluorescence was markedly increased in the SON and the PVN, but decreased in the PP after chronic salt loading. The expression of the Oxt gene was significantly increased in the SON and the PVN after chronic salt loading in both non-transgenic and transgenic rats. Compared with wild-type animals, euhydrated and salt-loaded male and female transgenic rats showed no significant differences in plasma osmolality, sodium concentration and OXT and AVP levels, suggesting that the fusion gene expression did not disturb any physiological processes. These results suggest that our new transgenic rats are a valuable new tool to identify OXT-producing neurones and their terminals.

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Roshandel, Parto. „Xylem sap analysis reveals new facts of salt tolerance in rice genotypes“. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202007000300002.

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Salinity damage in rice and other salt-sensitive species is due to excessive transport of NaCl through the root system to the leaves and consequently low salt transport to the shoot can be a major trait determining salt resistance. Since the rapid uptake of sodium ions is such a crucial part of the response of rice to salinity, physiological experiments were carried out to compare bypass flow in two genotypes of rice (IR4630 and IR15324) differing in salt tolerance, because it has been suggested that an apoplastic pathway, bypass flow, is a major contributory pathway for Na+ entrance into rice plants. Experiments on the youngest fully expanded photosynthetic leaf (the third from the base), using PTS as a tracer for apoplastic movement and Philaenus spumarius (a xylem-feeding insect) as a means to sample the xylem sap, did not demonstrate any apparent difference in bypass flow between the two lines. The similarity of Na+ concentration in the xylem sap of both genotypes paralleled the results of PTS (a fluorescent dye used as an apoplastic tracer for the transpiration stream) measurements. Despite the similarity of Na+ concentration in the xylem sap of the third leaves, the Na+ concentration in the bulk of these leaves of IR15324 plants (the sensitive line) was about twice that of IR4630 (the tolerant line). Measurements of transpiration over 8 d of salinisation showed the similarity of rates in both lines providing evidence that the greater accumulation of NaCl in IR15324 than in IR4630 plants was unlikely to be due to a difference in the delivery of salt to the leaves by an apoplastic route. Results of the current work suggest that the difference in salt tolerance might be a consequence of damage to leaves 1 and 2 of IR15324 that allowed Na+ to leak into the phloem - and consequently move to leaf 3.

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Lee, Kangsun, Choong Kim und Kwang Oh. „Single-Layered Microfluidic Network-Based Combinatorial Dilution for Standard Simplex Lattice Design“. Micromachines 9, Nr. 10 (25.09.2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100489.

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In this paper, we presented a straightforward strategy to generate 15 combinations of three samples based on an experimental simplex lattice design using a single-layer microfluidic network. First, we investigated the performances of the plain structural and the groove structural combinatorial devices by computational simulation (CFD-ACE+). The simulated output concentrations were extremely close to the desirable values within an absolute error of less than 1%. Based on the simulated designs, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices were fabricated with soft lithography and tested with fluorescent dye (sodium salt). The mixing results for 15 combinations showed good performance, with an absolute error of less than 4%. We also investigated two liquid handling methods (bottom–up and top–down) for high-throughput screening and assay. The liquid-handling methods were successfully accomplished by adding the systematic structured groove sets on the mixing channels.

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Patel, Vipul R., und Nikhil Bhatt. „Isolation, development and identification of salt-tolerant bacterial consortium from crude-oil-contaminated soil for degradation of di-azo dye Reactive Blue 220“. Water Science and Technology 72, Nr. 2 (09.05.2015): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.208.

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The objective of this study was development and characterization of a halophilic bacterial consortium for rapid decolorization and degradation of a wide range of dyes and their mixtures. The 16S rRNA gene analysis of developed halophilic consortium VN.1 showed that the bacterial consortium contained six bacterial strains, which were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens HM480360, Enterobacter aerogenes HM480361, Shewanella sp. HM589853, Arthrobacter nicotianae HM480363, Bacillus beijingensis HM480362 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa JQ659549. Halophilic consortium VN.1 was able to decolorize up to 2,500 mg/L RB220 with >85% chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction under static condition at 30 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of 7% NaCl. VN.1 also exhibited more than 85% COD reduction with >25 mg/(L h) rate of decolorization in the case of different reactive dye mixtures. We propose the symmetric cleavage of RB220 using Fourier transform infrared, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and confirmed the formation of sodium-4-aminobenzenesulfonate, sodium-6-aminonepthalenesulfonate, and sodiumbenzene/nepthalenesulfonate. Toxicity studies confirm that the biodegraded products of RB220 effluent stimulate the growth of plants as well as the bacterial community responsible for soil fertility.

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Gussenov, Iskander, Nurbatyr Mukhametgazy, Alexey Shakhvorostov und Sarkyt Kudaibergenov. „Synthesis and characterization of novel acrylamide-based ternary polyampholyte as tracer agent“. Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, Nr. 1 (19.03.2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1183.

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A novel ternary polyampholyte composed of fully charged anionic monomer – 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS), cationic monomer – (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC) and the positively charged fluorescent dye – acrylamide Nile Blue (ANB) was synthesized by conventional free radical copolymerization and characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential. FTIR spectrum of AMPS-APTAC-ANB shows that introduction of 1 mol.% ANB into copolymer composition does not influence the basic characteristic bands of polyampholyte. The adsorption and emission peaks of AMPS-APTAC-ANB found at max = 586 nm and max = 660-680 nm are attributed to ANB groups of terpolymer. The average hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of AMPS-APTAC-ANB in aqueous solution that are equal to 4.3 nm and = 1.6 mV indicating the globular conformation of amphoteric macromolecules with a slightly negative charge. Injection of 0.1 wt.% (or 1.310-3 molL-1) AMPS-APTAC-ANB into the core sample derived from the “Vostochnyi Moldabek” oilfield demonstrated the passing of fluorescently-labeled terpolymer through the core. The ternary polyampholyte containing the fluorescent marker can serve as oilfield tracer for monitoring well-to-well connections (or interwell tracer test).

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