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1
Ndreka, Alkida. „Return migration and re-integration of returnees challenges in the origin country“. Research in Social Change 11, Nr. 3 (01.09.2019): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rsc-2019-0012.
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Abstract Return migration, traditionally not a well-studied and often neglected area, is becoming an important component of the international migration debate. Reintegration is an essential part of return migration and identified as a complex process that is experienced differently by returnees. The adaptation of immigrants in the host country has been extensively studied, while much less attention has been paid to economic and socio-cultural reintegration and the difficulties return migrants face once they come back to their homeland. Especially children and youth born in destination countries with sociolinguistic and socialization difficulties face a particularly tough reintegration process. Theoretically, there is comprehensive literature focused on return migration and reasons for return, but less in return migration policies and reintegration process. Empirically, there is a lack of studies focused on the reintegration of returnees, particularly in the socio-cultural aspect. With increased attention to the importance of this process, many states and governments have established policies or programs to encourage the return of their citizens, and facilitate returnees’ successful and permanent relocation in the new society of the origin country. This paper aims to analyze theoretically and empirically the processes of reintegration of returnees in the origin country by identifying the challenges they encounter in the economic and social-cultural life of the origin country.
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Barbero-Baconnier, Julie. „When Peace Breaks Out - Mozambican Refugees: A Study in Socio-Economic Reintegration“. International Migration 31, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1993.tb00685.x.
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Zolotov, A., und M. Mukhanov. „Positive Reintegration as a Way of Small and Medium-Sized Business Development“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 6 (20.06.2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-6-83-88.
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А new approach to policy-making in the field of economic reforms in modernizing countries (on the sample of SME promotion) is the subject of this article. Based on summarizing the ten-year experience of de-bureaucratization policy implementation to reduce the administrative pressure on SME, the conclusion of its insufficient efficiency and sustainability is made. The alternative possibility is the positive reintegration approach, which provides multiparty policy-making process, special compensation mechanisms for the losing sides, monitoring and enforcement operations. In conclusion matching between positive reintegration principles and socio-cultural factors inherent in modernization process is provided.
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ROMAN, Liubomyr. „Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy“. Economics. Finances. Law, Nr. 12(4) (28.12.2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.12(4).3.
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Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.
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Ubleble, Benjamin A., John M. Agomoh und Anthony Chovwen. „Ex-Offender Reintegration and Sustained Peace in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Adopting a Socio-Economic Change Model Approach“. European Review Of Applied Sociology 12, Nr. 18 (01.06.2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2019-0005.
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AbstractThe Niger Delta of Nigeria rich in oil and gas resources has been plagued with series of armed conflicts characterised by massive youth restiveness. The peaceful coexistence of people in the region is often affected by the nature of oil and gas business determined by the political economy of the Nigerian state. By the statute of the Federal system of Government in Nigeria, all resources within the territorial boundary of the country belong to the Federal Government. The Government then pays a certain 13% derivation fund to the resource bearing states for development. The Federal Government equally sees to the development of the region through its statutory Agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission. All these efforts are yet to bring about infrastructural development and human capacity needs of the region. A consequence of this is the armed militancy and cult related violence that has engulfed the region. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the socioeconomic requisitions of a reintegration programme for ex-offenders seeking re-entry into mainstream society. An interventionist approach is recommended with effective monitoring and evaluation system for a socioeconomic reintegration of ex-offenders in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
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RYAZANTSEV, Sergey, Farrukh KHONKHODZHAYEV, Sharif AKRAMOV und Nikita RYAZANTSEV. „RETURN MIGRATION TO TAJIKISTAN: FORMS, TRENDS, CONSEQUENCES“. CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS 22, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.21.2.14.
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This paper aims to study the trends of labor migration (voluntary and forced) from Russia to Tajikistan and the peculiarities of the reintegration of returning migrants into Tajik society. Labor migration is the main driver of economic growth for Tajikistan and the most effective tool in the national fight against poverty. However, many migrants from Tajikistan do not have a formally documented status in Russia, which makes their predicament extremely difficult and vulnerable. One of the most sensitive measures for Tajik labor migrants was the introduction of administrative penalties through expulsion and the imposition of a massive ban on labor migrants from entering the Russian Federation. This has led to an increase in the return migration of Tajik migrants to their homeland. The article clarifies the concept of return migration, reveals the reasons for the return of labor migrants from Russia to Tajikistan and identifies the specific features of reintegration and the socio-economic situation of returning migrants in Tajikistan. The authors establish that a significant share of returning migrants have already reached retirement age after working in Russia for decades, but they do not receive a pension either in Tajikistan or in Russia. Unfortunately, as of today the Government of Tajikistan has not developed any special programs for the reintegration of returning migrants due to lack of funds and lack of experience in this area. Most returning migrants are forced to solve their problems on their own or resort to the help of their families and relatives. In fact, the government does not hold an interest in the massive return of labor migrants, since the increase in their number worsens the socio-economic situation and the general state of the labor market.
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Trubavina, Iryna, Olena Karaman, Dimitrina Kamenova, Viktoriia Stepanenko und Yaroslava Yurkiv. „A research on transformation of social wellbeing and life attitudes in students from the occupied territories and the demarcation line at relocated higher education institutions from the east of Ukraine“. SHS Web of Conferences 104 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110403010.
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We connect the urgency of the article with the preservation of the integrity of Ukraine in the conditions of military conflict. The article describes the research on transformation of the current state of social wellbeing and life attitudes in students from the occupied territories of Ukraine under conditions of relocated higher education institutions. The goal: to study the transformation in social wellbeing and life attitudes in the mentioned strata of students under conditions of operation of a relocated state higher education institution. The methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, systematizing, comparison, documentation study, interviewing, mathematics statistics methods. Scientific novelty: theoretical foundations and the essence of reintegration of such students, as well as the measures are determined that facilitate it: information and explanatory work, socio-educational, psychological, pedagogical, socio-economic, and legal ones. It is proved that national-oriented upbringing is the priority in successful reintegration on condition of solving students' problems. The results: the efficiency in the use of the mentioned measures is proved by transformational changes related to overcoming the imbalance between the social wellbeing indicators (the level of life satisfaction, interest in life, general mood) and life attitudes (focus on process, result, freedom) of such students.
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Miriyagalla, Danura. „Socio-economic reintegration of former LTTE combatants in Sri Lanka: self-employment, sustainable incomes and long-term peace“. Global Change, Peace & Security 26, Nr. 3 (02.09.2014): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2014.953469.
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Palermo, George B. „Restoring the Family as the Primary Human Community“. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, Nr. 1 (1995): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199571/23.
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The thesis of this essay is that the family is the primary socializing agency and that present-day American families are breaking down under socio-economic pressures and new philosophical approaches to life. The institution of the family, which ideally gives its members physical, emotional, and educational support, and teaches them high moral and civic values, is undermined not only by rapid economic and technological changes, but primarily by the lack of personal and social responsibility of its members. Contemporary sociological thought explores some of the negative consequences of the crumbling of the American family. The essay concludes that the reintegration of the family presupposes individual spiritual renewal within the supporting and fulfilling presence of religious institutions.
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Palermo, George B. „Restoring the Family as the Primary Human Community“. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, Nr. 1 (1995): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199571/23.
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The thesis of this essay is that the family is the primary socializing agency and that present-day American families are breaking down under socio-economic pressures and new philosophical approaches to life. The institution of the family, which ideally gives its members physical, emotional, and educational support, and teaches them high moral and civic values, is undermined not only by rapid economic and technological changes, but primarily by the lack of personal and social responsibility of its members. Contemporary sociological thought explores some of the negative consequences of the crumbling of the American family. The essay concludes that the reintegration of the family presupposes individual spiritual renewal within the supporting and fulfilling presence of religious institutions.
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Arlyapova, Elena, und Elena Ponomareva. „Deportation of Chechens and Ingushs in demographic terms“. OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, Nr. 11-2 (01.11.2020): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi43.
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The article examines changes in demographic indicators of Chechens and Ingush through the prism of the 1944-1957 deportation. The authors trace the main trends in the sphere of ethnodemographic development that the North Caucasian peoples came up with at the beginning of the great Patriotic war. The issue of human losses during the deportation was raised. The conclusions about the impact of resettlement on save/change key group properties of both ethnic groups, as well as on the overall success of the reintegration of Chechens and Ingush in a single legal, household, socio-economic, ideological space after the deportation and return them to their homeland.
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Arlyapova, Elena, und Elena Ponomareva. „Deportation of Chechens and Ingushs in demographic terms“. OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, Nr. 11-2 (01.11.2020): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi43.
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The article examines changes in demographic indicators of Chechens and Ingush through the prism of the 1944-1957 deportation. The authors trace the main trends in the sphere of ethnodemographic development that the North Caucasian peoples came up with at the beginning of the great Patriotic war. The issue of human losses during the deportation was raised. The conclusions about the impact of resettlement on save/change key group properties of both ethnic groups, as well as on the overall success of the reintegration of Chechens and Ingush in a single legal, household, socio-economic, ideological space after the deportation and return them to their homeland.
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Uossif Alfilani, Ali Abdulrazig. „Biopsychosocial Implications Related to the Breast Cancer in Women“. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 63 (November 2015): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.63.110.
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Breast Cancer is among the most common cancer in women. Breast Cancer’s aggressiveness truly depends on the age of patient, status of lymph node and size of the tumor. Prognosis may the unfavorable if the age of woman is under 35. Breast cancer, usually, is diagnosed when it is in the advance stage. Looking at all the aspects, this paper analyzes and identifies the socio-economic, psychological and biological implications for the breast cancer in women. In order to meet the objective, the paper applies the qualitative approach and reads all the available literature to find the answers. The results of surveying all the available literature depicts that detection of this cancer at earliest stages is in the benefit of the patient. This benefit is not in case of medical/bio reasons only but also for socio-economic and psychological perspectives. This paper further finds that if the cancer diagnosed in the earliest stages, it not only shorten the hospitalized period but also save a handsome amount of treatment, give satisfactory psychological comforts and a very good life prognosis that results into a rapid familial and social reintegration.
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Chernyavskiy, S. I. „The Transnistrian conflict is waiting for its solution“. Journal of International Analytics, Nr. 3 (28.09.2017): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-3-36-42.
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The article analyzes the positions of the Republic of Moldova and the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika regarding the settlement of the “Transnistrian conflict”. It arose in 1992 in connection with the intention of the Chisinau authorities to prohibit the use of the Russian language in the country and unite with Romania. The split of Moldova into two States led to the creation of a latent military and political crisis in the region. The conflict is still unresolved. International negotiations in the “5 + 2” format on the Transnistrian issue practically ceased. The war in the south-east of Ukraine strengthened the blockade of Transnistria, complicated the socio-economic situation of the population. The leadership of Moldova insists on a forceful version of reintegration, with which the population of Transnistria disagrees.
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Hadžić, Faruk. „Transnational Human Trafficking and Stigmatization in the Western Balkans--Bosnia And Herzegovina--Socio-Political and Economic Framework“. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, Nr. 2 (30.12.2020): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.3.2.06.
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The study critically analyzes the root causal and consequential transnational human trafficking factors from the Balkan wars to the present, implying stigmatization discourse, gender-discriminatory climate, the role of masculinity by comprehensive bibliographic review, and insight into the socio-political and economic challenges by the participative observations and the BiH case study's, highlighting harmonization, improvement, and systemic transformation. It is a social phenomenon that requires a comprehensive (legal-social) approach, i.e., applying effective measures in terms of prevention, suppression, and the punishment of perpetrators with mandatory "regional "cooperation. Illegal economy, structural adjustment policies conditioned by international financial funds, systemic corruption, long-term transition, high unemployment, and economic migrations shape the region's economic climate and indirectly affect the state of phenomena. Ethnopolitical structures produce social (in)-stability, affecting the phenomena. Lack of political will and constant internal ethnopolitical conflicts impact the contrary course of initiatives to combat the phenomenon. Considerable attention to victims' social construction in judicial and social capital is critical due to the effects of destructive representation of misogyny elements on perpetuating sexist stereotypes that harm victims and further exploiting. Stigma in social justice significantly affects victimization dynamics, intertwining cultural, legal, conservative patterns, and structural violence continuation. The Western-Balkan states' legal double standards towards prostitution are discriminatory. Implementing adequate programs to reduce stigmatization while increasing institutional and general public exposure to victims who have made successful reintegration could be a productive aspect of the systemic transformation. Western-Balkan gender-discriminatory climate and masculinity's role in establishing an ethnonational political community based on conservative values remain insufficiently explored. Given the challenges of the current migrant crisis, the political level can ensure a coherent and coordinated EU and Western Balkans strategy in harmonizing and improving the existing normative solutions.
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MUCHERU, ELIZABETH WACHU, HADIJA MURENGA und Samson Wokabi Mwangi. „FACTORS AFFECTING INTEGRATION OF RESETTLED PERSONS: A CASE OF RONGAI LOCATION NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA“. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, Nr. 10 (17.10.2020): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9052.
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This study sought to investigate factors that affected integration between resettled persons and the host community in Rongai Location, Nakuru County, Kenya. The study employed purposive and stratified random sampling in selecting the sample size of 196 respondents. The study was guided by the Acculturation model which explains the conditions that need to be embraced by the host and resettled persons for effective community integration and participation in socio-economic livelihoods. The study employed a Survey Design and data was collected through interview schedules. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. According to the study, resource sharing, community trust, utilization of collective action, and dispute resolution mechanisms were all cited as important factors that could affect integration between the Host and the Resettled Persons. The study found that minimal resource sharing, low community trust, low utilization of collective action and adoption of divisive dispute resolution mechanisms all pointed to low integration between Resettled Persons and Host community. The study recommends for involvement of the hosting communities in decision making concerning resettlement and resource allocation for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the resettlement process. The study also recommends the application of legal framework in resettlement and reintegration. This includes using the guidelines provided for in the Kenya’s National Policy on the Prevention of Internal Displacement, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons of August 2011 and The UN Guiding Principles on Reintegration (UGPR).
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Di Martino, Maria Luisa. „Exploring Returnee Migrant Women, COVID-19 and Sustainability in Spain“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 17 (27.08.2021): 9653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179653.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has signified an historical change in human mobility. By transforming the patterns of people on the move, it has highlighted gender-based inequalities and women’s vulnerabilities. The link between COVID-19 and return migration shapes returnees’ readaptation process in their home countries, as returnees are embedded in a limbo between the pandemic’s pressure on the policy and socio-economic setting, on one hand, and their efforts for reintegration, on the other. Due to the pandemic, the gender-based imbalance has increased existing gender gaps both in migration and return, exacerbating women’s vulnerability. Thus, personal aspirations and professional expectations of highly educated women are caught in a system of socio-economic and geographical (im)mobility, which represents the principal outcome in their relocation and readaptation process. Based on a qualitative methodology through the analysis of ten life histories of highly educated returnee migrant women, this paper sheds light on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on their migratory trajectories, providing a typology of them. Findings stress the necessity for more sustainable measures and resources for life–work balance and gender-sensitive policies, to promote a better integration process into the local labour market; to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on returnee women, and to prevent the proliferation of mental health problems among returnee women.
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Hopfmann, Arndt. „Transformation und Weltmarktintegration“. PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 25, Nr. 101 (01.12.1995): 541–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v25i101.942.
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In the current periocl of a »geoeconomy of competition states«, the reintegration into the international division of labour proves to be a clecisive moment for the formation of coherent conclitions throughout society of capital exploitation for the Central ancl Eastern European states. The opening towarcls the global market is funhermore inevitable clue to the economic modernization process itsclf as weil as clue to the constraint to servicing the 'olcl' ancl 'new' clebts. However, the Central ancl Eastern European states have - often following recommenclations by IMF ancl Worlcl Bank experts - liberalizecl lheir economies uncler extraordinarily clifficult conditions, extremely fast and to an extent without precedence, and surrenclered themselves nearly defenceless to the spontaneously funclioning mechanisms of the global market. The peripherization pressure from the global market which imposes the role of low-wage countries and/or extraction economies upon the transformation economies, is hardly opposed by the help from the Western industrializecl countries which is dominated by concurring interests, and is insufficient and often misled. There are a Jot of indications that the re-integration of the East into the international division of labour will take place in the shadow of socio-economic underdevelopment.
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Bohatyrets, Valentyna, und Iryna Haina. „Addressing the Root Causes of the Ukrainian Labour Migration (Problems and Solutions)“. Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, Nr. 7 (23.12.2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2019.7.110-123.
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There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of addressing mass labour migration, since the whirl of the latest mass labour migration, which has spread to more and more countries in recent decades, has rapidly become the matter of utmost importance for Ukraine. There is a clear and convincing evidence that the cause and consequences of Ukraine’s ‘mass migration exodus’ can play an imperative role in tackling the issue of returning of the Ukrainian emigrates and an efficient policy for their reintegration. It should be articulated, that according to UN statistics, Ukraine ranks the top ten countries with the highest emigration levels and its number has even increased so far. State Statistics Service estimates the number of migrant workers at 1.3 million, while experts say the number varies between 2 and 4 million. The discrepancies emerge both because of different understanding of the concept of ‘migrant’ and different data collection methods. The Ukrainian statistics clearly claims that the core factor behind the rapid growth of labour migration, primarily, to Ukraine cross-bordering states and other EU countries, is not only a shortage of jobs or an increase in unemployment in the country, but the desire for higher earnings from those, who could find work in their homeland. Of particular interest for our research was a poll made in ‘Instagram’ among the students of the Faculty of History, Political Science and International Studies. The respondents showcased their awareness and keen interest on the problem and proactively participated in the survey. Noteworthy, the findings constituted an integral part of our practical side of the research and were incorporated to our conceptualization of the problem under study. Collectively, the studies outline a critical role for designing a longterm planning and an effective strategy to considerably improve the situation in Ukraine in an integrated and coordinated response. Significantly, by taking advantage of the latest technological and socio-economic trends from around the world, the Ukrainian government, ad hoc committees and other stakeholders should take into account various approaches to achieving the social and economic reintegration of all categories of Ukraine’s return migrants. The authors attempt to suggest a list of major steps to be taken for an effective reintegration program, and argue that the government should focus on the institutional mechanism of program management. Although the field is widely considered an applied science with practical applications, there are still philosophical underpinnings.
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Зеленко, Олена Олександрівна. „ЕКОНОМІЧНО-СОЦІАЛЬНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПОСТКОНФЛІКТНОЇ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ЗАСОБАМИ ТУРИЗМУ“. TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, Nr. 4 (27.01.2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2019.4.01.
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Formulation of the problem. World history contains many sad facts related to political conflicts, which over time turn into open armed confrontation within individual regions of different countries. Reintegration of such territories into the socio-economic system of the country may remain an impossible task, so determining the prospects for the development of the region with the help of leading sectors of the economy, in particular tourism, is an urgent problem. The aim of the research: analysis of existing international experience, determination of economic and social prerequisites for the development of post-conflict territories by tourism means on the example of eastern Ukraine. The subject of the research: theoretical and applied aspects of using tourism industry tools for the development of post-conflict territories. The methods of the research: systematic approach, structural-logical and statistical analysis, synthesis, generalization. The hypothesis of the research: involves the use of an approach whereby tourism development is considered as an alternative strategy for restoring socio-economic well-being for the region's inhabitants. The statement of basic materials: review of previous research and current historical facts about solving the problems of post-conflict territories revealed four negative and four positive prerequisites, the existence of which substantiates the expediency of using tourism industry tools for the development of such problem regions. The originality and practical significance of the research: the results of this study, conducted according to the data of Lugansk and Donetsk region, prove that tourism will not become a leading sector of economy for these regions, but its intra-regional development will be a catalyst for recovery of other economy branches. Conclusions and prospects for further research: given the existing skepticism about tourism development opportunities in the Donbas, the following studies will focus on the reasonable feasibility of developing certain tourism types in this region of our country.
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Olifirenko, Liliia, und Kristyna Koval. „Improvement of methodical approaches to estimating the efficiency of social assistance in the context of the poverty overcoming policy and unequal possibilities of the population Ukraine“. Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, Nr. 3(93) (07.07.2019): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.03.098.
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Introduction. Effective social assistance of the government provides the basic needs of the national economy. Methods. The presented research is devoted to the analysis of income distribution among categories of families, presented depending on the availability and quantity of children in order to improve the methodological approaches to estimating the level of per capita income from the number of children being raised in a family. The concept of national income, its distribution and redistribution was studied. The level of average incomes of the population of the country, depending on the number of children who are on the maintenance of the family was analyzed. Results. The research revealed a large number of options for evaluating the effectiveness of government aid, each of which solves specific problems at a certain stage of development of society. At the same time, at the state level, the regulatory impact associated with social assistance in the context of overcoming poverty and the unequal opportunities of the countryʼs population is assessed. However, the assessment is carried out only according to the criteria that are laid down in the program documents and can not comprehensively reflect the current trends and the state of consumers of social services in the dynamics of their socio-economic development. In this connection, a full-fledge dunders tanding of the socio-economic processes and the performance of the authorities is not happening. Discussion. The structural averages (mode, median) per capita income by categories of population and decile coefficient of income differentiation among families with children by selected groups that were identified that contributes to an adequate assessment of social benefits and compensations. And the identification of factors that negatively affect the state of reintegration of citizens to an active economic life (with secondary income distribution) makes it necessary to find new principles of social payments to improve the accuracy of their targeting, which will be the basis for improving the regulatory framework and government program documents.
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Ulfia, Ulfia, und Rahmi Rahmi. „Analisis Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Pengemis dan Penanggulangannya di Kota Banda Aceh“. Jurnal Humaniora : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ekonomi dan Hukum 2, Nr. 2 (31.10.2018): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30601/humaniora.v2i2.60.
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This study aims to find out how the socio-economic life of beggars in Banda Aceh and the government's efforts to overcome the problem of beggars in Banda Aceh. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach with a sample of 35 beggars. This study used interview in the form of questionnaire surveys and observations field as well as some data from related agencies. The results of the tabulation are illustrated to understand the data obtained from the respondents and the percentage of data analysis. The results showed that the cause of these people became beggars due to several factors that occurred in their lives. The Government has made various efforts to tackle beggars through the Social Service of Banda Aceh in collaboration with the community to eradicate beggars. Efforts that have been made by the Government of Banda Aceh for the prevention of beggars are preventive efforts, coercive efforts, rehabilitation efforts, and social reintegration efforts to prevent the appearance of more beggars. Besides, the efforts to prevent the spread of the effect of begging in the community, the government appeals to the community not to give money and goods to beggars, but they should give them to the social institutions in accordance with the legislation set by the Government of Banda Aceh.
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Nur, Muhammad. „SLAVERY OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT FISHERS: A REVIEW OF REGULATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION“. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 10, Nr. 2 (24.08.2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v10i2.53715.
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<em>According to the 2018 Global Slavery Index, migrant workers in the maritime and fisheries industry are as the second-ranked sector with the worst modern slavery practices among other work sectors in the world. This article aimed to analyze why many cases of modern slavery experienced by migrant fishers from Indonesia, and what stakeholders should do to improve the protection system for migrant fishers from Indonesia. The author uses normative juridical research methods. The data collection method used is the literature study. The results of this study found that the high number of cases affecting migrant fishers from Indonesia is caused by various governance weaknesses that have occurred so far. These weaknesses occur both at home and abroad. These weaknesses start from policy to implementation in the field and has resulted in cases of violations against migrant fishers that continue to this day. This paper provides some protection model and recommendations for improving the governance of placement and protection for the migrant fishers, namely: 1. Supervision System Improvement; 2. Improvement of the data collection system for Indonesian migrant fishers; 3. Increasing and developing foreign cooperation; 4. Increasing socio-economic reintegration programs; 5. Ratification of the Work in Fishing Convention 2007. </em>
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Kalama, John, und Jacob Ogedi. „NONVIOLENT COUNTERTERRORISM MEASURES AND INTERNAL SECURITY OF AFRICAN STATES: A REVIEW OF NIGERIA’S AMNESTY POLICY“. International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology & Social Strategies 8, Nr. 1 (25.03.2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijiretss.v8.i1.11.
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This paper strived to unravel the impact of nonviolent counterterrorism measures on the internal security of African states with specific reference to Nigeria’s amnesty policy in Niger Delta region. The study adopted the rational choice theory of terrorism as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources which included official policy documents from, Nigeria’s amnesty office including textbooks, journal articles and internet materials etc. Data collected from these sources were analysed through qualitative method and content analysis. Findings from the study shows that nonviolent counterterrorism measures and strategies through post-conflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes have helped in resettling several ex-combatants and their families back to the society in several African states including Nigeria, Burundi, Rwanda, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) etc. In the same vein, the study observed that the use of military force (violent counterterrorism measures and strategies) by states has also helped to escalate and prolong conflicts in Africa. Some recommendations were made which included the need to strengthen civil-military relations especially in the area of intelligence gathering and dissemination. There is need for African states to also engage in counter-radicalization of their citizens through massive investments in education, public enlightenment and socio-economic development, and the provision of basic social amenities.
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Zavarika, Halyna. „Mechanism of implementation of the cluster model of post-conflict tourism development in Luhansk region“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (18.12.2019): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10656.
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The topical issue of post-conflict development of Eastern territories of Ukraine by means of tourism is considered. It is proved that tourism can become one of the mentors of the economic revival of the Eastern region of Ukraine in the post-conflict period. It is proposed to create tourism clusters in the Luhansk region, which will contribute not only to the development of tourism but above all, to the solution of significant socio-economic problems of the territory, namely: reduce unemployment in rural settlements of the Northern parts of the region and help to improve the lives of the local population. The structural and logical scheme of the tourist cluster is presented, which contains the minimum conditions for its creation: active businessmen, the authority; the safe territory. The presence of these conditions has to be confirmed by the desire of all participants to actively cooperate in the team to achieve a common goal. The algorithm for creating a tourism cluster, which contains seven interrelated stages, the observance of which guarantees the success of the case, has been improved. It is proved on the basis of the performed analysis of the existence of minimum conditions that in the Luhansk region they are in some Northern areas. Based on this, the map “Prospects for creation of tourist clusters of Luhansk region” was developed, and it was proposed to create four promising tourist cluster: “Bilovodsk region”, “Kremin region”, “Novopskov region” and “Starobilsk region”. Presented analysis of conditions of creation of tourist clusters in four districts of the Luhansk region: “Belovodsk region”, “Kremin region”, “Novopskov region” and “Starobilsk region”, proves this necessity in each of them. The most prepared for the creation of a tourist cluster was the Kremіn district, which is already a leader in the region in many economic indicators. The obtained results and experience in the Northern territories of the Luhansk region can be applied in the neighbouring Donetsk region, as well as in the future in the southern parts of both regions during the reintegration period. The post-conflict territory needs innovative, latest, quick solutions for development, so the creation of tourism clusters plays an important strategic role in this process. Key words: post-conflict development, tourism cluster, post-conflict territory, tourism.
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Meertens, Donny. „La dimensión de género en el desplazamiento interno: respuestas institucionales en el caso colombiano“. Deusto Journal of Human Rights, Nr. 9 (11.12.2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-0-2011pp41-52.
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<p>This article explores the notions of «gender equity» and «gender justice» in the context of responses to forced displacement, particularly in the last phase oriented towards «sustainable solutions», «socio-economic stabilization», «reintegration» or «return». At this stage, the recognition of the displaced population as «<em>victims of violent conflict</em>» has been the subject of intense debate. One of the most sensitive areas of «delivering justice» to the displaced population is the restitution of land and housing as part of a reparations programme. However, displaced women face more obstacles than men when they claim their right to land and property restitution. The reason is that their land rights had not often been formally registered before being moved. It is argued that this is a key area in which durable solutions and some gender-sensitive and transformative measures of transitional justice should be combined. In the light of some examples in Colombia, it is evident that the only focus on the Durable Solutions approach is not sufficient, since it aims to help start a new life <em>without </em>compensating for the losses and damage caused- a situation that seriously hinders the viable reconstruction of a life project, both social and economically. This approach needs to be complemented by a restitution program that also recognizes the losses of those women who had never had a full enjoyment of their rights to land and that also takes into account their specific needs to rebuild their life projects.</p><p><strong>Published online</strong>: 11 December 2017</p>
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Sangasumana, Pinnawala. „Post Disaster Relocation Issues: A Case Study of Samasarakanda Landslide in Sri Lanka“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, Nr. 32 (30.11.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n32p1.
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Landslide-induced displacement is an unexpected tragedy as well as a major development constraint which cannot be overcome sustainably unless a well-established mechanism is functionalized. Since the displacement is a life changing event, the attention should be focused to address all aspects of restoration of lives such as building houses, establishing livelihood opportunities, rehabilitation and reintegration in the process of relocation. In order to address the relocation issues and challenges for seeking durable solutions, community based strategies are most welcome in contemporary disaster management plans. In addition to examine the failures of existing relocation programmes, this study has attempted to investigate one of the neglected aspects of restoring displaced lives in the recovery phase of disaster management cycle; post-relocation satisfaction. The methodology has initially been designed based on qualitative approach focusing 72 households selected through judgment sampling from six relocated housing schemes after the massive landslide occurred in 2016 at Aranayaka division in Kegalle District, Sri Lanka. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used for data collection through questionnaires, structural interviews, semi structural interviews and case studies while descriptive data analytical methods applied particularly for case study interpretation. The research results revealed that, this unexpected landslide hazard has created several socio-economic constraints which cause to accelerate the relocation issues. Lack of involvement of the government institutions in finding durable solutions at the recovery phase and the delay of policy implementation are identified as the main interlinked issues in the process of relocation. Due to the lack of community participation in project planning and less cooperation between the authorities and the public, most of the relocation programmes could not achieve the expected project deliverables. Therefore the research paper suggests new strategies to overcome the existing issues and challenges in order to minimize the problems faced by post-landslide relocated communities.
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Voropayeva, Tetiana. „CONFLICTIZATION OF THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SPACE OF UKRAINIANNESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERN THREATS: THEORY AND PRACTICE“. Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, Nr. 25 (2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.6.
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The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of conflictization of the cultural and historical space of Ukrainianness under conditions of modern threats. The essence of conflicts is revealed in the article, the interpretation on the conflict as an attribute of social life is done, its influence on the processes of social transformations is traced. The causes and conditions of the emergence, escalation and resolution of conflicts on various levels are analyzed, the possibility and necessity of managing them is substantiated. The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological analysis of contemporary studies in conflictology. It is proved that it is reasonable to apply an integrative approach to classification of social conflicts. An integrative approach to the analysis of conflicts is the methodological basis of research, which involves its consideration not only as a source of destruction and death, but also as the initial place of development of society. The autor comes to conclusion that the term of conflictization processes has considerable scientific potential for study of social conflicts. The analysis of the essence of conflictization’s processes, their specific character and sources of emergence is done on the base of conflictological theories. The article analyzes special features of contemporary conflicts in the context of global processes. The specificity of conflictization in interstate relations in the era of globalization raise this phenomenon to transnational and even planetary scale. Under conditions of militarization of conflict interaction, the level of conflict potential also increases. The escalation of tension and the use of violence through militarization of conflict interactions leads to armed confrontation. Contemporary armed conflicts pose a significant threat to humanity as they may expand in the context of globalization. The formulating of a row of measures (of humanitarian, socio-economic and politico-military nature) is aimed to prevent challenges, dangers and threats to the national interests of Ukraine. It is also necessary to maintain a balance of forces, values, resources, political, legal and socio-economic problems in the society and the state. The importance of a comprehensive strategy of counter the destructive actions of foreign mercenaries in Ukraine has been substantiated. The focus is on the use of political and diplomatic means through the active participation of the international community and the strengthening of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. «Smart power» is interpreted as the ability to combine the resources of «hard» and «soft» power in order to strengthen the position of Ukraine on the international scene. The importance of the strategy of «smart power» as a basis for overcoming the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the reintegration of the occupied territories was substantiated. We have made an attempt to interpret conflictization processes in the framework of an integrative approach. The proneness to conflict is now playing a distinctive role in the social and political life of the Ukraine. The discursive-consensus and assertive strategies for successful solution of a social conflict is considered to be an optimal one.
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N., Baskaran. „People with Disabilities and Their Representation in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Post-War Jaffna“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, Nr. 1 (2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2005.
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People with disabilities have become an important topic for discussion in the post-war Sri Lanka due to many reasons. In Northern Sri Lanka, different age group of the population in war-torn areas are often direct or indirect victims of violence, and witnesses to various issues associated with war disaster. Over three decades of war in Sri Lanka has changed the traditional views of disability and replaced it with a view of disability as a social oppression. This study, therefore, looks to understand the social background of people with disabilities. The main objective of this study is to consider the meaning of disabilities in public spaces in post-war Jaffna[1]. The chosen field was undertaken in Thenmaradchi Divisional Secretariat of Jaffna district. This paper has reported on the experiences of 59 people with disabilities who were disabled during the war period. The primary data were collected from interviews and surveys with predetermined case study, non-direct and participant observation and key informant interviews through purposive sampling. It is in this context; an attempt is made to understand the meaning of people with disabilities through their day-to-day life events, situations, and their experiences. This paper discusses the meaning of disabilities under three factors namely, Religious Discourse, Family Structure and Women Status based on grounded theory method. Moreover, these socio-cultural interpretations of people with disabilities are linked with other important factors such economic and political aspects. The finding of the study was that the people with disabilities depicted there are usually crippled and socially excluded or hidden in the limited public spaces in post-war Jaffna. Since disability issues have become a central part of the development and social work discourse in the post-war Tamil society, the researcher hopes that this research will contribute to policy formation for people with disabilities and the effective implications of the post-war reintegration process and development process. Finally, it is hoped that the study will create social awareness and mobilize people with disabilities and strengthen the disabled in society.
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Corrigan, Amber Elyse, Ella Burchill, Lucy Pelton, Alessia Marrocu, Adele Mazzoleni und Lydia Shackshaft. „Psilocybin: the magic medicine for depression?“ BJPsych Open 7, S1 (Juni 2021): S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.456.
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AimsDepression is the single largest contributor to global disability. However, effective treatments are currently lacking, resulting in a significant burden of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, found as the active compound in 'magic mushrooms', has been proposed as a novel therapeutic avenue for TRD. We aimed to evaluate the future feasibility and implications of psilocybin as a new antidepressant therapy.MethodWe reviewed and critically analysed the available literature on the efficacy and safety of psilocybin as a treatment for depression, and the potential pharmacological and psychological mechanisms of the therapeutic benefit. We discussed the relative contributions to this therapeutic effect of the pharmacological drug treatment, placebo effects, and the context and parameters of the psychotherapeutic experience. We reviewed legal, social, and economic barriers to primary research and clinical implementation.ResultPsilocybin in combination with psychotherapy has been shown to be safe and effective in TRD. Its mechanism of action in TRD has not been fully elucidated, however reviewing functional neuroimaging studies demonstrated disparate short and long-term modifications of default mode network connectivity, suggested to represent a ‘reset’ mechanism of acute modular disintegration and subsequent reintegration which restores normal function, reviving emotional responsiveness.Research suggests psychedelic treatment induces lasting personality, belief and attitude changes. The psychedelic drug itself, the context of the psychotherapeutic experience, and the post-drug integration therapy all appear to have a significant role. Preparation prior to treatment, the environment, context and support during the psychedelic experience itself, and the following long-term integration and support process must be considered.Despite novel findings Psilocybin is a Schedule I drug; this imposes a persisting ethical barrier to clinical use. Prohibition of psilocybin results in high costs of drug supply, and potential for harmful drug-seeking behaviours. Therefore, complex socio-political factors currently limit wider implementation.ConclusionPsilocybin in combination with psychotherapy is safe and effective in TRD. The interacting and elusive therapeutic mechanisms have implications for clinical implementation. Preparation prior to treatment, the physical and social environment in which the psychedelic experience takes place, and long-term integration and support are considered to play a significant role. Optimisation of these parameters and cost-benefit analyses are required prior to this being feasible as a widely available therapy. Systemic legislative, political and social change will also be key to enable widespread clinical use. The promise of this therapy on a background of inadequate current antidepressant treatments indicates these must be a priority.
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Setia, Adi. „Reintegrating the Legal into the Social: Reviving Islamic Transactional Law in the Context of the Civil Economy, with Special Reference to Waqf“. Law and Development Review 11, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 209–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2017-0053.
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Abstract The potentialities and role of Islamic transactional law (ITL) and its underpinning axio-teleological concepts are explored in the cause of reclaiming the development process. In the Islamic scheme of values, the economic enterprise is premised on the organization of livelihood for sufficiency rather than perpetual growth so as to ensure overall socio-economic equilibrium. In this respect, there are discernibly close conceptual, structural and functional connections between the socio-economic objectives of ITL and those of the civil economy (CE). By making intelligent use of these substantive connections between ITL and CE, one can then devise effective legal strategies to substantively revive the former by taking strategic advantage of the already existing legal framework governing the latter. Thus, alient aspects of ITL are discussed in terms of invisible structures serving as formal, socio-legal means toward organizing socio-economic sufficiency, with special reference to the institution of waqf (charitable endowment) as a case in point.
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Ouedraogo, D., P. Yaméogo und S. Kiemtoré. „Socio-economic reintegration after medico-surgical management of obstetric fistula“. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, Nr. 2 (29.11.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i2.21892.
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Aims: To study the socio-economic reintegration of victims of obstetric fistula after their recovery.
Methods: Prospective and analytical cohort study
Results: The average age of women with obstetric fistula was 35.92 ± 9.80 years. 85.45% were housewives, 92.73% were out of school and 85.45% lived in rural areas. In about 43.64% of cases, obstetric fistula occurred in the first two pregnancies. The average age of fistula was 7.6 years with extremes of 2 months to 32 years. The average duration of labor was 53.29, resulting in caesarean delivery in 58% of cases and death of the newborn in 80% of cases. Marital status changed in 14% of cases after healing. Before surgery, 87% had stopped all economic activity, 76.36% did not participate in social events and 52.73% of cases had no regular sexual activity. After surgery, patients participated in all community celebrations in 91.18% of cases; there was sexual intercourse in 52.94% of cases and 14.71% of cases had returned to work
Conclusions: In order to ensure the restoration of a woman with dignity, medico-surgical management must be combined with social and economic support.
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Blokhin, Pavlo. „STATE POLICY OF PEACEBUILDING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE“. Economic scope, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2224-6282/169-7.
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The article discusses the priorities of the state policy of peacebuilding and strengthening the economic security of the state. Monitoring of measures was carried out, aimed at reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories, minimization of the negative impact of risks and threats of military and hybrid aggression to maintain the trajectory of sustainable holistic socio-economic development of the country and its regions. Institutional and legal support of the policy of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories was systematized and analytical evaluation of official transfers of local budgets of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The adopted State Target Program for Restoration and Peacebuilding in the Eastern Regions of Ukraine was studied, deoccupation Strategy, and reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. The issues of restoration and integration of housing infrastructure of Donetsk and Luhansk regions into the general state transport and logistics infrastructure were studied. A number of advantages and disadvantages of the state policy of peacebuilding in Ukraine are proposed and define their consequences for ensuring the reintegration of the occupied territories. The key obstacles to peacemaking in Donetsk and Luhansk regions at the present stage of development have been identified: slowdown in GDP growth; small export volumes; limited external and internal investments, opacity of sources of their attraction; high levels of hidden unemployment and insufficient employment of the population, intensification of external labor migration processes, business and intellectual capital migration; presence of manifestations of corruption, raiding and insecurity of private property rights; insufficiently high level of quality of life of the population and a significant share of internally displaced persons. The priority directions of public policy in the Strategy and a number of guiding documents are studied, which indicate the main benchmarks. The issue of operational and tactical activities of authorities of different levels in terms of peacekeeping has been studied, strengthening the economic security of the state with tools of economic stimulation of reintegration and ensuring the socioeconomic development of conflict territories.
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Porobič, Selma. „Bosnian ‘Returnee Voices’ Communicating Experiences of Successful Reintegration. The Social Capital and Sustainable Return Nexus in Bosnia and Herzegovina“. Südosteuropa 64, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2016-0002.
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AbstractLarge scale war-displacement during the 1990s in Bosnia and Herzegovina greatly altered the demography of that country and caused severe damage to its social fabric. However, until now few studies have addressed the nexus of social capital and reintegration there in areas with high rates of return. This study is focused on relational practices relevant to the social environment and people in Prijedor, Zvornik, and Novo Goražde, three well-known returnee municipalities. This author’s findings suggest that reintegration is critically linked to mobilisation of various forms of social capital during all phases of the return process, and point to overlooked grass-roots activism which goes on despite the unfavourable political and socio-economic situation in the country. Positive development takes place when there is little political interference at local community level in a strong civil society. It requires strong leaders and social initiative takers among formal and informal returnee associations as well as resourceful individual returnees, all of which working together shape and lead reintegration activities.
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Poita, Iryna, und Olena Kalinichenko. „FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION OF DEMOBILIZED WAR VETERAN AND ITS POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE“. Economics. Management. Innovations, Nr. 2(25) (12.11.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/issn2410-3748-2019-2(25)-8.
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Roman, L. „SOCIO-ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR THE REPATRIATION OF UKRAINIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF REINTEGRATION STRATEGY FORMATION“. Efektyvna ekonomika, Nr. 1 (30.01.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2020.1.65.
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Zarsuelo, Ma-Ann M. „A Review of the Philippine Policies on Mental Health of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)“. Acta Medica Philippina 52, Nr. 5 (28.09.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i5.337.
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The Philippines has been lauded for its labor-export programs and is deemed as a global model of migration by other countries. With the economic and employment challenges in the country, seeking work opportunities overseas becomes a promising option. Numerous policies bring forth to the creation of government agencies that focus on labor protection and welfare promotion of migrant workers here and in their host countries, which include advancement of mental health. This paper aims to review and identify the gaps of regulatory policies that intersect the phases of migration: pre-deployment, deployment, and reintegration. Statistics and anecdotal data show that cases of distressed overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) are increasing given the presence of adverse working conditions across the continents. This problem is compounded by cultural stigma and financial inaccessibility of seeking mental health services. Post-repatriation issues, particularly the concerns on socio-economic reintegration is further noted. Thus, the management of mental health among OFWs calls for a comprehensive review of our existing policies and the delineation of the interrelated responsibilities of all relevant stakeholders for effective multisectoral program implementation. Synchronized endeavors of different agencies for efficient handling of psychosocial programs for OFWs in all stages of deployment is needed. Realistic and sustainable programs to address mental health issues are attainable through collaborative actions, with the foresight of focusing on prevention rather than treatment.
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Winkelmann, C., und T. U. Schreiber. „Using ’White Flags’ to categorize socio-cultural aspects in chronic pain“. European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (01.11.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.196.
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Abstract Issue Persistent chronic pain is a major medical and health economic problem. To assess the individual pain situation, the classification of various factors (flags) has been established. Description of the problem Structural biomechanical factors are classified as “red flags”. Psychological or behavioral factors are summarized as “yellow flags”, psychiatric and mental illness as “orange flags”. Both last flags are important for planning adequate therapies or rehabilitation, as well as for decisions to prognoses and tailored reintegration programs. An extension of the flag model was achieved by naming personal factors at workplace as “blue flags”, and “black flags”, if there is a restriction for returning to work. All these groups do not consider other important reasons for unsuccessful rehabilitation or failed reintegration. Results In these cases, often described as ’therapy-refractory’, clients often exhibit a special subjective understanding of illness that reacts neither to psychological interventions nor to behavioral therapies. These include individual beliefs based, for example, on cultural socialization, religious education, or spiritual experiences. Since such individual mental illnesses are culturally ideologically or religiously justified, they should be classified in a separate group called ’white flags’. Lessons The advantages of categorizing sociocultural aspects separately from other flag classifications are avoidance of unnecessary therapies, including surgery,prevention of iatrogenisation,prevention of legal disputes. It is important to realize that only health restrictions for insurance benefits can be taken into account and that individual socio-cultural circumstances or health convictions are not evaluated. Main messages: A classification of ’white flags’ could contribute to a better classification of pain which are not accessible to various therapies and reduce reservations and misunderstandings by intercultural communication approaches. Key messages For medical professions it is important to recognize, that only health inabilities are taken into account for insurance compensation and not individual socio-cultural circumstances or health beliefs. In Future classifying ’white flags’ could help to properly assess persistent pain conditions.
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Ahad Hakim, Abdul, und Ismet Boz. „Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan“. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 14.01.2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2019/v37i430286.
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Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan.
Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019.
Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city.
Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71).
Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.
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Parker, Melissa, Cristin A. Fergus, Charlotte Brown, Dorothy Atim, James Ocitti, Jackline Atingo und Tim Allen. „Legacies of humanitarian neglect: long term experiences of children who returned from the Lord’s Resistance Army in Uganda“. Conflict and Health 15, Nr. 1 (29.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-021-00374-5.
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Abstract Background Much has been written about the short-term challenges facing children returning ‘home’ from rebel fighting groups, but little is known about the longer term day to day realities of return. This article presents findings from the first long-term assessment of the social and economic challenges facing an officially registered group of children who passed through an internationally-financed reception centre after a period of time with the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Methods Records from a reception centre were used to trace a random sample of individuals to their current location. Two hundred and thirty in-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out and 40 follow-up interviews between 2013 and 2016. Interviews were informed by long-term ethnographic research in the region. These interviews were subsequently coded and analysed to describe the long-term day to day realities of return. Results At the time of interview, 90% of formerly abducted people returned ‘home’ six or more years ago, and 75% returned nine or more years ago. The majority have managed to access family land for farming, but concerns about what they may have done to survive whilst living with the LRA adversely affects their day-to-day lives. However, some important differences were noted: those men and women who spent less time with the LRA are more likely to live on ancestral land with close relatives; and they are more likely to report experiencing stigma and a spiritual affliction called ‘cen’. In contrast, those who spent the longest time with the LRA are less likely to report these problems, they are mainly living in urban locations and tend to manage slightly better. Children born of war are vulnerable to abuse, irrespective of current residence. Conclusions Research findings question the merits of post-conflict reintegration programmes emphasising immediate family reunifications, without follow-up monitoring, social protection, education and skills training. By overlooking the diverse experiences of those who lived and fought with the LRA, and failing to anticipate or respond to the long term socio-political and economic challenges facing children on their return, reception centre processes not only failed to foster social reintegration, but they also inadvertently exacerbated the vulnerability of returning children.
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Żyła, Marek. „Russian Ethnic Problem in Estonia“. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series International Relations, Nr. 47 (20.12.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vir.2019.47.0.10979.
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Due to historical conditions, the area of modern Estonia is multi-ethnic and multicultural. The influx of Russian people and extensive Sovietization led to the nationalization of part of the local community. This was accompanied by the marginalization of the Estonian language. Top-down Russian-Soviet ethnic policy has led to partial national degeneration and a percentage decline in the Estonian population, as well as a rapid increase in the number of Russians and the Russian-speaking population. A broad statistical approach to national transformations in the lands of modern Estonia, taken from a historical perspective, proves that ethnic changes were determined by geopolitical conditions. An important role from the point of view of national security policy is played by the Russian minority, which after the collapse of the Soviet Union lost its previous privileged social position. This population largely identifies with the tradition of the past system. After his fall, with the regaining of independence, the citizens of Estonia began to build a new political and socio-economic order. The collapse of the Soviet system saved Estonia from the coming ethnic and cultural disaster. Regaining independence prevented the loss of ethnic identity. It also gave the opportunity to build a new social and political order. The Estonian language has regained its original meaning and became a privileged state language. The Russian and Russian-speaking factors do not facilitate this process. Rather, it promotes the reintegration of the post-Soviet area. In counteracting the above, the Estonian authorities have introduced a relatively restrictive naturalization policy. Therefore, the situation of Slavic minorities can be a source of serious socio-political problems. Key words: Russia; Estonia; nationalities; conflict.
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Prinsloo, Riaan G., Andre Swanepoel und Gian Lippi. „Identifying factors associated with the discharge of male State patients from Weskoppies Hospital“. South African Journal of Psychiatry 23 (04.12.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23i0.1083.
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Background: Designated psychiatric facilities are responsible for the care, treatment and reintegration of State patients. The necessary long-term care places a considerable strain on health-care resources. Resource use should be optimised while managing the risks that patients pose to themselves and the community. Identifying unique factors associated with earlier discharge may decrease the length of stay. Factors associated with protracted inpatient care without discharge could identify patients who require early and urgent intervention.Aim: We identify socio-economic, demographic, psychiatric and charge-related factors associated with the discharge of male State patients.Methods: We reviewed the files of discharged and admitted forensic State patients at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital. Data were captured in an electronic recording sheet. The association between factors and the outcome measure (discharged vs. admitted) was determined using chi-squared tests and Fischer’s exact tests.Results: Discharged State patients were associated with being a primary caregiver (p = 0.031) having good insight into illness (p = 0.025) or offence (p = 0.005) and having had multiple successful leaves of absences. A lack of substance abuse during admission (p = 0.027), an absence of a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.013) and the absence of verbal and physical aggression (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016) were associated with being discharged. Prolonged total length of stay (9–12 years, p = 0.031) and prolonged length of stay in open wards (6–9 years, p = 0.000) were associated with being discharged. A history of previous offences (p = 0.022), a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.023), recent substance abuse (p = 0.018) and a history of physical aggression since admission (p = 0.017) were associated with continued admission.Conclusion: Discharge of State patients is associated with an absence of substance abuse, lack of aggression, multiple successful leave of absences and length of stay in hospital.
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Phan, Hoang T., Leigh Blizzard, Mathew J. Reeves, Amanda G. Thrift, Dominique Cadilhac, Jonathan Sturm, Emma Heeley et al. „Abstract TP171: Differences Between Men and Women in Long-term Participation Restriction After Stroke: The International Stroke Outcomes Study (INSTRUCT)“. Stroke 48, suppl_1 (Februar 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp171.
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Introduction: As women suffer worse functional outcomes of stroke than men, they may also face more challenges with community reintegration but data are scarce. We examined sex differences in participation after stroke and which factors might account for these disparities. Methods: INSTRUCT is an individual participant data pooling study of incident strokes obtained from 13 population-based cohorts worldwide. Two of the cohorts (Melbourne ’96-‘99 and Auckland ’02-‘03) included assessment of participation at 5 years after stroke using the London Handicap Scale (LHS). The LHS is used to assess the individual’s perspective of their involvement in life situations including orientation (person’s awareness of surroundings), physical independence, mobility, occupation, social interaction and economic self-efficiency. The total score ranges from 0 (worst disadvantage) to 100 (no disadvantage). Linear regression was used to compare LHS total scores and sub-domains for women compared to men. Study-specific multivariable models incorporated adjustment for socio-demographics, stroke-related factors, pre-stroke health and post-stroke factors were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: At 5 years after stroke, there were data on participation for 351/592 (59%) of survivors in Melbourne and 266/881 (30%) of survivors in Auckland. Women suffered greater participation restriction than men (total LHS, pooled mean difference, MD -5.55 [95% CI -8.47, -2.63]). The magnitude of the difference attenuated after adjusting for covariates (pooled MD -2.48 [-4.99, 0.03]). Significant confounders in study-specific models included age, stroke severity, pre-stroke dependency and pre-stroke dementia for Melbourne; and age, stroke severity and pre-stroke dependency for Auckland. In sub-dimensions, women had greater restriction than men in mobility, physical independence and occupation. Additionally, women in Melbourne experienced poorer social integration and orientation than men. Conclusion: Greater restriction in participation after stroke among women than men was mostly attributable to their advanced age and greater pre-stroke dependency. Interventions targeting participation could reduce the impact of stroke in women.