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Malinauskaite, Laura, David Cook, Brynhildur Davíðsdóttir und Helga Ögmundardóttir. „Socio-cultural valuation of whale ecosystem services in Skjálfandi Bay, Iceland“. Ecological Economics 180 (Februar 2021): 106867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106867.
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Oteros-Rozas, Elisa, Berta Martín-López, José A. González, Tobias Plieninger, César A. López und Carlos Montes. „Socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services in a transhumance social-ecological network“. Regional Environmental Change 14, Nr. 4 (24.12.2013): 1269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0571-y.
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Lotti, Laura. „Contemporary art, capitalization and the blockchain: On the autonomy and automation of art’s value“. Finance and Society 2, Nr. 2 (19.12.2016): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v2i2.1724.
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This article addresses contemporary art as a means to investigate how, and to what extent, financial logic impacts upon the socio-cultural sphere. Its contribution is twofold: on the one hand, the article shows that contemporary art’s valuation practices increasingly reflect the logic of capitalization; on the other hand, it assesses the emancipatory potential of blockchain technology for the cultural sphere. In relation to the latter I argue that, in spite of the technological novelty of blockchain-based art projects, these nonetheless fail to challenge a received logic of finance. This exposes the limitations to technological determinism as a means of countering financial power in the socio-cultural sphere, and points to new problems for art’s valuation methods in relation to the liquid logic of algorithmic finance.
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Latvala, Terhi, Kristiina Regina und Heikki Lehtonen. „Evaluating Non-Market Values of Agroecological and Socio-Cultural Benefits of Diversified Cropping Systems“. Environmental Management 67, Nr. 5 (10.02.2021): 988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01437-2.
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AbstractWe explored how consumers value the ecological and socio-cultural benefits of diversified food production systems in Finland. We used a stated preference method and contingent valuation to quantify consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of increased farm and regional scale diversity of cultivation practices and crop rotations. Three valuation scenarios were presented to a representative sample of consumers: the first one focused on agroecosystem services on cropland, the second on wider socio-cultural effects and the third was a combination of them. The results suggest that consumers are willing to pay on the average €228 per household annually for the suggested diversification. This is equal to €245 per hectare of cultivated cropland. The results also indicate that 21% of consumers were not willing to pay anything to support more diverse cropping systems. The relatively high WTP for both agroecological and socio-cultural benefits provide important messages for actors in the food chain and for policy makers on future targeting of economic resources within agri-environmental schemes.
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Włodarczyk-Marciniak, Renata, Piotr Frankiewicz und Kinga Krauze. „Socio-cultural valuation of Polish agricultural landscape components by farmers and its consequences“. Journal of Rural Studies 74 (Februar 2020): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.017.
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Bernués, Alberto, Tamara Rodríguez-Ortega, Raimon Ripoll-Bosch und Frode Alfnes. „Socio-Cultural and Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Mediterranean Mountain Agroecosystems“. PLoS ONE 9, Nr. 7 (18.07.2014): e102479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102479.
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Schmidt, Katja, Ariane Walz, Berta Martín-López und René Sachse. „Testing socio-cultural valuation methods of ecosystem services to explain land use preferences“. Ecosystem Services 26 (August 2017): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.001.
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Petway, Joy R., Yu-Pin Lin und Rainer F. Wunderlich. „A Place-Based Approach to Agricultural Nonmaterial Intangible Cultural Ecosystem Service Values“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 2 (18.01.2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020699.
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Though agricultural landscape biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) conservation is crucial to sustainability, agricultural land is often underrepresented in ES studies, while cultural ES associated with agricultural land is often limited to aesthetic and tourism recreation value only. This study mapped 7 nonmaterial-intangible cultural ES (NICE) valuations of 34 rural farmers in western Taiwan using the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) methodology, to show the effect of farming practices on NICE valuations. However, rather than a direct causal relationship between the environmental characteristics that underpin ES, and respondents’ ES valuations, we found that environmental data is not explanatory enough for causality within a socio-ecological production landscape where one type of land cover type (a micro mosaic of agricultural land cover) predominates. To compensate, we used a place-based approach with Google Maps data to create context-specific data to inform our assessment of NICE valuations. Based on 338 mapped points of 7 NICE valuations distributed among 6 areas within the landscape, we compared 2 groups of farmers and found that farmers’ valuations about their landscape were better understood when accounting for both the landscape’s cultural places and environmental characteristics, rather than environmental characteristics alone. Further, farmers’ experience and knowledge influenced their NICE valuations such that farm areas were found to be sources of multiple NICE benefits demonstrating that farming practices may influence ES valuation in general.
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Scholte, Samantha S. K., Astrid J. A. van Teeffelen und Peter H. Verburg. „Integrating socio-cultural perspectives into ecosystem service valuation: A review of concepts and methods“. Ecological Economics 114 (Juni 2015): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.007.
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Phillips, Amy, Ahmed Z. Khan und Frank Canters. „Use-Related and Socio-Demographic Variations in Urban Green Space Preferences“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 6 (20.03.2021): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063461.
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This paper explores use-related and socio-demographic variations in the valuation of urban green space (UGS) characteristics in the Brussels Capital Region (BCR), lending insights into the valuation of the cultural ecosystem services provided by UGS. Mismatches in the supply of and demand for UGS characteristics are also identified. Knowledge on the ways in which valuation of UGS characteristics vary and on an inadequate supply of UGS characteristics should guide and inspire planning and management of UGS to ensure that UGS provision meets the unique needs of communities. Online surveys were conducted in the BCR to determine how people use UGS, how they experience these spaces, and whether these spaces fulfil their needs for urban green Our findings indicate that socio-demographic characteristics (namely age and household composition) correspond with distinct patterns of use and valuation. Two subgroupings of users are identified: nature-oriented users and social users. Our accessibility analysis shows that, compared to social users, nature-oriented users tend to travel farther to reach their most frequently used UGS but are more often satisfied with the supply of UGS characteristics. Our findings point to an inadequate supply of nature and overcrowding of UGS in the city centre of Brussels. We recommend that planners not only consider size and distance in UGS standards but also consider the demand for UGS characteristics as well.
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Leary, John, Kerry Grimm, Clare Aslan, Melissa Mark, Sarah Frey und Robyn Bath-Rosenfeld. „Landowners’ Socio-Cultural Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees in Costa Rican Agricultural Landscapes“. Environmental Management 67, Nr. 5 (04.03.2021): 974–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01442-5.
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Ivanova, Victoria. „Contemporary art and financialization: Two approaches“. Finance and Society 2, Nr. 2 (19.12.2016): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v2i2.1726.
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This essay identifies two approaches to theorizing the relationship between financialization and contemporary art. The first departs from an analysis of how market logics in non-financial spheres are being transformed to facilitate financial circulation; the other considers valuation practices in financial markets (and those related to derivative instruments in particular) from a socio-cultural perspective. According to the first approach, the contemporary art market is in theory a hostile environment for financialization, although new practices are emerging that are increasing its integration with the financial sphere. The second approach identifies socio- cultural similarities between the logics by which value is extracted, amplified, and distributed through derivative instruments and contemporary art. The two approaches present a discrepancy: on the one hand, contemporary art functions as an impediment to outright financialization because of market opacity; on the other, contemporary art represents a socio- cultural analog to derivative instruments. The essay concludes by setting out the terms for a more holistic understanding of contemporary art’s relationship to financialization, which would enable an integration of its economic and socio-cultural dimensions.
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Hegde, Narasimha, Rafael Ziegler und Hans Joosten. „The Values of Sacred Swamps: Belief-Based Nature Conservation in a Secular World“. Environmental Values 29, Nr. 4 (01.08.2020): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327120x15752810324084.
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Global forest loss is highest in the tropical region, an area with high biological biodiversity. As some of these forests are part of indigenous forest management, it is important to pay attention to such management, its values and practices for better conservation. This paper focuses on sacred freshwater swamp forests of the Western Ghats, India, and with it a faith-based approach to nature conservation. Drawing on fieldwork and focus groups, we present the rituals and rules that structure the governance of sacred swamps. We also discuss in depth the ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation of these freshwater swamps by various local groups. In this way, we show overlaps and differences of valuation among different groups. In the context of a secular state with a diversity of faith groups and migration dynamics, we propose that faith-based governance of sacred swamps can benefit from the emphasis of faith-independent, 'accessible' ecological, socio-cultural and economic values to foster a dialogue around sacred swamps and their place for livelihoods and nature conservation.
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Villegas-Palacio, Clara, Lina Berrouet, Connie López, Aura Ruiz und Alba Upegui. „Lessons from the integrated valuation of ecosystem services in a developing country: Three case studies on ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation“. Ecosystem Services 22 (Dezember 2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.017.
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Maniatakou, Sofia, Håkan Berg, Giorgos Maneas und Tim M. Daw. „Unravelling Diverse Values of Ecosystem Services: A Socio-Cultural Valuation Using Q Methodology in Messenia, Greece“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (10.12.2020): 10320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410320.
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People perceive the importance of benefits from ecosystem services in different ways, depending on their values, beliefs, and needs. Acknowledging and integrating this diversity into decision-making processes can support informed natural resource management. Our empirical study unpicks the multiple ways stakeholder groups perceive the benefits derived from wetland ecosystem services (WES) in the area surrounding the “Gialova” coastal wetland in Messenia, Greece. The inhabitants from this region benefit from a range of WES, and most livelihoods are closely linked to agriculture and tourism. We aim to understand the patterns in commonly held stakeholder views on WES using “Q methodology”, a participatory mixed-methods approach. We identified five distinct perspectives on WES from a sample of 32 stakeholders. Alongside diverse perceptions of the relative importance of different WES, we observed a range of explanations of why certain WES are important and analyzed these through the lens of “value pluralism”. This identified tension between relational and instrumental values. Such analyses move beyond ecosystem service identification towards an understanding of value justifications and conflicts, and can support the deliberation of conflicted views, and policy design in alignment with people’s values.
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Stålhammar, Sanna. „Polarised views of urban biodiversity and the role of socio-cultural valuation: Lessons from Cape Town“. Ecosystem Services 47 (Februar 2021): 101239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101239.
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Iniesta-Arandia, Irene, Marina García-Llorente, Pedro A. Aguilera, Carlos Montes und Berta Martín-López. „Socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services: uncovering the links between values, drivers of change, and human well-being“. Ecological Economics 108 (Dezember 2014): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.09.028.
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Whitney, Cory W., Joseph Bahati und Jens Gebauer. „Ethnobotany and Agrobiodiversity: Valuation of Plants in the Homegardens of Southwestern Uganda“. Ethnobiology Letters 9, Nr. 2 (30.05.2018): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.9.2.2018.503.
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Homegardens are species-rich agroforestry systems with a high diversity of associated traditional knowledge. These systems are an important part of food security for rural marginalized poor around the world, particularly in the humid tropics. Despite the high diversity and cultural importance, little is known about the livelihood-relevant plant diversity contained in the homegardens of southwestern Uganda. Here we employ the quantitative ethnobotany indices use reports (UR) and the cultural importance index (CI) to describe the importance of plants and plant types in the region’s homegardens. Data is based on inventories of 102 homegardens in the Greater Bushenyi from 2014 and reveals 225 useful plant species in 14 different use categories with 3,961 UR, 54% for food, 15% for economic uses, and 11% for medicine. The findings highlight the importance of homegarden plants for subsistence farming households and indicate that they are important places for conservation of botanical agrobiodiversity that should be considered part of the conservation movement in Uganda. Efforts to conserve both botanical and food system diversity in the extremely rich but rapidly deteriorating regional socio-cultural and ecological systems should consider homegardens for their role in conservation of plants and preservation of traditional knowledge.
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Ekka, Anjana, Saket Pande, Yong Jiang und Pieter van der Zaag. „Anthropogenic Modifications and River Ecosystem Services: A Landscape Perspective“. Water 12, Nr. 10 (27.09.2020): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102706.
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The process of development has led to the modification of river landscapes. This has created imbalances between ecological, economic, and socio-cultural uses of ecosystem services (ESs), threatening the biotic and social integrity of rivers. Anthropogenic modifications influence river landscapes on multiple scales, which impact river-flow regimes and thus the production of river ESs. Despite progress in developing approaches for the valuation ecosystem goods and services, the ecosystem service research fails to acknowledge the biophysical structure of river landscape where ecosystem services are generated. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to synthesize the literature to develop the understanding of the biocomplexity of river landscapes and its importance in ecosystem service research. The review is limited to anthropogenic modifications from catchment to reach scale which includes inter-basin water transfer, change in land-use pattern, sub-surface modifications, groundwater abstractions, stream channelization, dams, and sand mining. Using 86 studies, the paper demonstrates that river ESs largely depend on the effective functioning of biophysical processes, which are linked with the geomorphological, ecological, and hydrological characteristics of river landscapes. Further, the ESs are linked with the economic, ecological, and socio-cultural aspect. The papers show that almost all anthropogenic modifications have positive impact on economic value of ESs. The ecological and socio-cultural values are negatively impacted by anthropogenic modifications such as dams, inter-basin water transfer, change in land-use pattern, and sand mining. The socio-cultural impact of ground-water abstraction and sub-surface modifications are not found in the literature examined here. Further, the ecological and socio-cultural aspects of ecosystem services from stakeholders’ perspective are discussed. We advocate for linking ecosystem service assessment with landscape signatures considering the socio-ecological interactions.
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Taran, Moitree, und Sourabh Deb. „Valuation of provisional and cultural services of a Ramsar site: A preliminary study on Rudrasagar lake, India“. Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 5, Nr. 1 (17.01.2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v5i1.113.
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<p>Rudrasagar lake, a Ramsar site in India offers a variety of ecosystem services. The contribution of Rudrasagar lake to the society has not been estimated so far. The preliminary study aims to provide an economic valuation of the provisional and cultural services of the Rudrasagar lake. Official records of revenue collected by the Tourism Department of Tripura and a socio- economic survey was the source of information used in the economic valuation of the lake. The main provisional services provided by the lake are food (aquatic plants and fishes), fuel wood and timber whereas, the cultural services provided were boat raiding and tourism due to its historical importance. The provisioning and cultural services provided by the Rudrasagar lake are 40810 US$ and 33929.33 US$ per year respectively during the period of 2010-2015. The main threats to the wetland identified are increasing silt loads due to deforestation, expansion of agricultural land and land conversion due to population pressure. To alleviate the anthropogenic stress on the lake, better monitoring, planning and management are essential. By proper conservation and management it will be possible to enjoy the provisional and cultural services of the lake in a sustainable way.</p>
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Mrotek, Aaron, Christopher B. Anderson, Alejandro EJ Valenzuela, Leah Manak, Alana Weber, Peter Van Aert, Mariano Malizia und Erik A. Nielsen. „An evaluation of local, national and international perceptions of benefits and threats to nature in Tierra del Fuego National Park (Patagonia, Argentina)“. Environmental Conservation 46, Nr. 4 (15.08.2019): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000250.
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SummaryEnvironmental scientists and managers increasingly recognize that socio-cultural evaluations expand the understanding of human–nature relationships. Here, user groups’ perceptions of the benefits from and threats to nature were analysed in Tierra del Fuego National Park, Argentina. We hypothesized that the different relationships of users to this place would lead to significantly different valuations among local Ushuaia residents (n = 122), Argentine nationals (n = 147) and international tourists (n = 294). All users perceived a broad spectrum of benefits. The three groups assessed intrinsic and relational values more highly than instrumental benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean valuation of benefits by Argentine visitors. Overall, threats were less perceived than benefits, and significant differences included a higher mean threat assessment by Ushuaia residents. To explain these relationships, we found that mean valuations of benefits and threats were weakly related to increased biodiversity knowledge for residents and international tourists, but not for Argentine visitors. These findings can orient environmental management in Patagonia and elsewhere by identifying areas where information can improve user experiences and by contributing a more pluralistic understanding of nature from multiple stakeholders.
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Sinsin, Tudal E. M., Fouad Mounir und Ahmed El Aboudi. „Conservation, valuation and sustainable development issues of the Argan Tree Biosphere Reserve in Morocco“. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0004.
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AbstractThe argan tree is a multi-purpose tree (fruit tree, medicinal, cosmetic, and pastoral plant) found in the semi-arid and arid regions of North Africa. It is under strong human pressure such as the impact of population growth, crop expansion, overgrazing, and wood and fruit exploitation that are also the main causes of desertification in the rest of the world. Over the years, interest in this beneficial tree and demand for its products have increased: especially with the increase in the price of argan oil, which is now one of the most expensive and much in demand oils in the world. This increase has led to many socio-political, economic and cultural changes at the national, regional and local levels, especially in farming behaviour and the habits of the local population. This bibliographic research was therefore conducted in order to analyse the various changes and their consequences on the planning, conservation, and management methods implemented in the argan tree area and their effects on the habits of the local population in order to ensure the sustainability of the Argan Tree Biosphere Reserve in Morocco. Indeed, the aims of this study were, firstly, to analyse the change dynamic of argan forest area in the ABR; and secondly, to investigate the impact of various socio-political, economic and cultural changes resulting from increased prices of argan oil on planning, conservation, and management methods of argan tree ecosystem and on the habits of the local population.
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Yin, Eden, und Nelson Phillips. „Understanding value creation in cultural industries: strategies for creating and managing meaning“. Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 2, Nr. 3 (03.06.2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-04-2020-0053.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the valuation of cultural products and explores what this process means for organizations involved in their production and marketing. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop the arguments using a number of mini-cases and industry examples. Findings The main thesis is that the meaningfulness and value ambiguity of cultural products shift the focus of valuation away from the products themselves towards how certain agents in the socio-cultural environment identify and certify these products. This paper discuss how valuation takes place via selection systems and how the nature of cultural products drives the dominance of one selection system over others. Research limitations/implications Theories on value creation needs to take consideration of the critical role played by the selection system instead of just the firms that produce these products. Practical implications Organizations engaged in producing highly symbolic products need to manage selection systems and related industry dynamics to establish an enduring competitive advantage. Social implications Value creation is a collective social efforts. Every member of the society can play a central role in this process. Better engaging various member of the society to enable them actively participate in the value creation process is what organizations today need to consider, instead of just treating individuals in the society as a “customer” who only passively consume. This research calls for the true empowerment of every member of the society to facilitate collective creativity and participation in the value creation endeavour that benefits the entire society as a whole. Originality/value It is the first paper that has created a conceptual link between the type of selection system and product categories. In other words, it takes existing literature on value creation and selection system one step further by creating the alignment or match between types of selection system and types of product categories. Therefore, it offers academics and practitioners a much detailed understanding on how value creation is conducted across different product categories.
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Sanyé-Mengual, Esther, Kathrin Specht, Jan Vávra, Martina Artmann, Francesco Orsini und Giorgio Gianquinto. „Ecosystem Services of Urban Agriculture: Perceptions of Project Leaders, Stakeholders and the General Public“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (14.12.2020): 10446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410446.
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Within the scholarly debate, Urban Agriculture (UA) has been widely acknowledged to provide diverse environmental and socio-cultural ecosystem services (ESs) for cities. However, the question of whether these potential benefits are also recognized as such by the involved societal groups on the ground has not yet been investigated. This paper aims at (1) assessing the perceived ESs of UA, comparing the views of different societal groups in the city of Bologna, Italy (namely: UA project leaders, stakeholders and the general public) and (2) to identify differences in the evaluation of specific UA types (indoor farming, high-tech greenhouses, peri-urban farms, community-supported agriculture, community rooftop garden and urban co-op). In total, 406 individuals evaluated 25 ESs via a standardized Likert-scale survey. The study unveiled similarities and divergences of perceptions among the different societal groups. The statistical analysis indicated that the general public and UA stakeholders agree on the high relevance of socio-cultural ESs, while provisioning ESs was considered as less significant. UA types focusing on social innovation were expected to provide higher socio-cultural ESs whereas peri-urban activities were more closely linked to habitat ESs. We assume that involvement and knowledge of UA are determining factors for valuing the provision of ESs through UA, which needs to be considered for ES valuation, particularly in a policymaking context.
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Yang, Siqi, Wenwu Zhao, Paulo Pereira und Yanxu Liu. „Socio-cultural valuation of rural and urban perception on ecosystem services and human well-being in Yanhe watershed of China“. Journal of Environmental Management 251 (Dezember 2019): 109615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109615.
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Demir, Aynur, und Munevver Arisoy. „Economic value analysis of Galanthus sp. in Turkey“. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, Nr. 1 (31.07.2014): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19748.
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The economic value analysis has been carried out by detecting the production, good and service value functions of Galanthus sp. in Turkey. In the analyses, economical valuation techniques, group comparisons, ecological and socio-cultural valuation criteria had been used. Total flow value for goods and service functions of Galanthus sp. had been calculated as $68/year/unit per Galanthus sp. and the potential flow rate per Galanthus sp. had been estimated at $137/year. The total value of Galanthus sp. had been calculated as $544,000,000/year for annual export of 8 million Galanthus. When the positive added value, which was included in ecological and sociological processes and created by non-pecuniary values and the wealth and heritage value were added, it was easily seen that the economic value of the Galanthus was considerably high. Moreover, it had been determined that especially, the medical source value ($23/year) was a crucial factor among this value. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19748 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 65-71, 2014 (June)
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Kumar Padhi, Prafulla. „Valuation and Inception of Ethical Fashion Smart Wearable Born-Global Speculative Start-up (BGSS)“. International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 1 (2017): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/17.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................................................. Since the valuation of a born-global speculative start-up (BGSS) has been a guessing game and there is no framework in the literature from ethical fashion smart wearable (EFSW) venture valuation perspective, this research explores to create a holistic model using multi-stage valuation method to valuate BGSS at its inception and investigates how ethical is ethical fashion? Background................................................................................................................................................................................................ The concept of ‘Born-Global’ firm was introduced into business theory during 1988. Nowadays, ventures start with a global vision from their inception to introduce products and services in overseas markets. Speculative investment has been a common practice to start-up expedition. Investors gamble on speculative start-ups. The inception phase of any start-up is the embryonic phase and is, therefore, more speculative than successive phases for additional investments. BGSS at its inception possess no operating history. Today fashion industry is one of the largest industries globally, growing leaps and bounds with valuation at 3 trillion U.S. dollars. The emerging smart fashion wearable market projected to cross US$ 30 billion during 2017. Fashion exists not only in garments but also other wearable such as the bracelet, watches, jewelry, and other accessories. Ethical fashion is all about betterment for the people and community at large. This paper identifies the relevant actors and their impact on the ethical aspects and status of the fashion industry. Methodology............................................................................................................................................................................................... The methodology used in this research both qualitative and quantitative approach. Since ethical fashion is a social phenomenon, the qualitative approach is appropriate to deal with various perspective analysis of ethical fashion using case study on four ethical fashion smart wearable ventures. The quantitative method calibrates the valuation of a BGSS at the inception stage using a noble pragmatic multi-stage valuation method because it provides the incentive to focus on achieving the best risk/cost ratio. Contribution.............................................................................................................................................................................................. This research bestows valuable insight using a noble multi-stage valuation method that has been proven successful based on author´s extensive practice to value BGSS at its inception contributing new knowledge to the literature. The application of informing system to frame the discussion on the inter-disciplinary domain of ethical fashion smart wearable creates awareness for fashion industry stakeholders and academic researchers. Findings.................................................................................................................................................................................................... The analysis shows that BGSS is a contemporary phenomenon since so many smart fashions wearable companies have gone through thought provoking and compelling stories to became successful in a highly competitive smart fashion wearable industry. BGSS concept is a brand-new perspective in the EFSW academic research. The findings of this research provide information to various stakeholders of the fashion industry and benefit to a global community at large with a more nuanced understanding of the changes and challenges of the emerging EFSW industry and the way to measure the valuation of a venture at its inception. Recommendations for Practitioners......................................................................................................................................................... This paper reveals nuance understanding for the practitioners in the BGSS valuation at its inception. Since all the traditional valuation methods have their drawbacks when applied to the inception stage of BGSS, this study recommends using multi-stage valuation method because it provides incentive for the best risk/cost ratio. Fashion brands (designers and other stakeholders) should abide by the ethical criteria to make a difference in the global community at large by reducing degradation of the environmental conditions. For the future of ethical fashion, ethical choices must be an available alternative to customers. Fashion companies need to embark upon design to not only be ethical but also stylish, therefore need to create trust by adopting transparency and integrity throughout the value chain. Fashion brand should take advantage of ethical fashion criteria to provide assurance to consumers with socio-cultural aspects in mind, to promote their fashion collections effectively. Recommendation for Researchers............................................................................................................................................................... More research work needs to be accomplished to have a clear analysis of the ethical fashion perspective to cover environmental, socio-cultural, fair trade, human rights, animal rights and other aspects. It is important to study the various stages of BGSS valuation from growth stage to initial public offering stage and beyond to bridge the gap between academic research and practitioners using the multi-stage valuation method. Impact on Society.......................................................................................................................................................................................... Since ethical fashion is of great significance for the contemporary society, raising awareness among various cultural communities globally to promote avantgarde ways regarding ethical fashion criteria, specifically to curb the degradation of the environment, stopping the cruelty on animals and protecting the human rights among consumers is paramount. Future Research............................................................................................................................................................................................ This study will bridge the gap between practice and academic research, scholars should embark upon creating a total addressable market (TAM) theory and empirical analysis studies because the total addressable market is the key and practical determinant of BGSS success. Ethical fashion academic research should be pursued beyond sustainability on smart wearable.
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Upton, Caroline. „Communities, Culture and Commodification“. Inner Asia 16, Nr. 2 (10.12.2014): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340018.
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Mongolia’s new resource politics, central to the country’s geopolitical considerations and ambitions in the twenty-first century, must be understood in relation to their complex, multi-scalar socio-cultural, historical and environmental dimensions. This paper draws on the author’s participatory research activities with key informants in Ulaanbaatar and amongst rural herding communities to illuminate key aspects, contexts and implications of the new resource politics. Specifically, the paper presents an empirically informed analysis of pertinent social and institutional forms, environmental and cultural values and aspects of resource governance, with particular reference to land issues, pastoralism, mining and resistance. Conceptually, it draws on recent work, especially in geography and political ecology, on activism, conservation and particularly on emerging discourses and framings of natural resources as ‘ecosystem services’. Through attention to these concepts, it highlights contested dimensions of environmental values and valuation, of critical contemporary importance in Mongolia’s new resource politics.
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Giuffrida, Salvatore, Filippo Gagliano, Enrico Giannitrapani, Carmelo Marisca, Grazia Napoli und Maria Rosa Trovato. „Promoting Research and Landscape Experience in the Management of the Archaeological Networks. A Project-Valuation Experiment in Italy“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 10 (14.05.2020): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104022.
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Archaeological sites are part of the history and identity of a community playing a strategic role on the different scales of the cultural and economic common life. Whereas on the one end the most famous archaeological sites attract huge flows of tourists and investment, on the other hand, many minor archaeological sites remain almost ignored and neglected. This study proposes a project-evaluation approach devoted to the “minor” archaeological site development, outlining a territorial, socio-economic, and landscape communication pattern aimed at creating an archaeological network integrating other cultural and natural resources. As such, these networks get able to match the demand of customers who shy away from iper-consumerist tourism and want to deepen their knowledge of a place. The proposed approach integrates knowledge, evaluation, and design in a multiscale pattern whose scope is to foster and extend the archaeological research program, involving public and private stake/stockholders to widen the cultural-contemplative experience and promote further educational events concerning the themes of the local identity. With reference to the archaeological basin of Tornambè, Italy, a Web-GIS knowledge system has been drawn to provide the territorial information requested by the economic-evaluation multiscale pattern implemented to verify the cost-effectiveness of the project. The expected negative results of the economic valuation supported the allocation pattern of the considerable investment costs, as well as the hypothetic scenarios about the evolution of the cultural-contemplative experience due to the extension of the archaeological estate. Some disciplinary remarks propose a heterodox approach for a further interpretation of the economic results and financial indexes, by introducing the monetary dimension of such a social capital asset.
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Miles, William F. S. „Pigs, Politics and Social Change in Vanuatu“. Society & Animals 5, Nr. 2 (1997): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00051.
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AbstractPigs have long held great symbolic import for the people of Vanuatu, a sprawling archipelago 1,000 miles northeast of Australia. In most of the indigenous, small-scale communities which comprised traditional Vanuatu society, pig ownership and pig killing conveyed status, wealth, and informal power. Such rituals were the sole measure of social standing and political rank. In this study, I show how the cultural valuation of an animal, in this case the pig, can evolve as a society undergoes socio-economic development, and also how it can be used to foster nationalistic, partisan. and other political ends. I show how competing nationalist leaders used pig symbolism in their struggle to create a unified national identit_v,for-varying island groups, and how even today, local leaders derive their legitimacy through the manipulation of traditional animal rites.
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Salgado Rayel, Renata. „Paisagens Turísticas: conexões ambientais e educacionais / Touristic Landscapes: environmental and educational connections“. Caderno de Geografia 26, Nr. 47 (20.09.2016): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2016v26n47p629.
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<p>Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas questões relacionadas à percepção, interpretação e valoração ambiental, correlacionadas às atividades turísticas, intrinsecamente associadas ao modo de ver, compreender e conservar o meio ambiente, mantendo as raízes socioculturais ou adaptando-as, sem descaracterizar as peculiaridades de suas paisagens no tocante às territorialidades que estas envolvem, fundamentando-se em métodos fenomenológicos. Como resultado, identificou-se que os recursos paisagísticos apreciados em seus aspectos pertinentes ao Turismo de Base Comunitária, simultaneamente, podem tornar-se recursos educativos por meio da educação ecológica. No sentido de valorar de maneira proativa o ambiente, auxiliando no entendimento multidimensional e multifuncional da paisagem.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This article aims to present some issues related to perception, interpretation and environmental valuation, correlated to the touristic activities, intrinsically associated with the point of view, the understanding and conservation of the environment, maintaining the socio-cultural roots or adapting them, without spoiling the peculiarities of its landscapes regarding the territorialities that they involve, based in phenomenological methods. As a result, it was found that the landscape resources valued in their aspects relevant to Based Tourism Community, simultaneously, can become educational resources through ecological education. In order to seek the processes of environmental proactive valuation assisting in the understanding and knowledge of the landscape, understood both in its multidimensionality and multifunctionality.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Landscape, Interpretation, Education, Tourism, Tourist Valuation</p>
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Ramadhan, Andrian, Siti Hajar Suryawati und Sonny Koeshendrajana. „PENDEKATAN VALUASI EKONOMI UNTUK MENGHITUNG DAMPAK EKONOMI AKIBAT TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI WILAYAH PESISIR DAN LAUT“. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 12, Nr. 1 (08.12.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v12i1.6283.
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Kejadian tumpahan minyak di laut bisa terjadi sewaktu-waktu dan dimana saja khususnya yang memiliki kedekatan dengan jalur perkapalan dan aktivitas pengeboran minyak. Hal ini menuntut kewaspadaan pemerintah sekaligus kemampuan untuk menanggulangi kejadian yang terjadi secara cepat. Seiring dengan itu, pemerintah juga harus segera dapat menghitung nilai kerugian atau dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun pedoman perhitungan dampak kerugian akibat tumpahan minyak dengan pendekatan valuasi ekonomi. Penilaian dengan pendekatan ini memberi keuntungan yaitu terhitungnya seluruh manfaat barang dan jasa yang hilang baik yang bersifat ekonomi langsung, ekologi maupun sosial budaya. Secara total nilai dampak ekonomi dihitung dengan memasukkan tiga komponen yaitu biaya kerugian ekonomi yang dikompensasi, biaya rehabilitasi dan biaya administrasi penghitungan kerugian.Tittle: Economic Valuation Approach for Calculating the Economic Impact Due to Oil Spill on Coastal and MarineOil spills in the sea water can occur at anytime and anywhere especially on sites are closely associated with shipping and oil drilling activities. This issue requires government vigilance and ability in order to cope with it responsively. The government must also be able to calculate the economic loss. The purpose of this research is to compose a guidance of economic valuation for oil spill economic impact. The use of economic valuation give advantages where the loss of all benefits of goods and services, that include economic, ecological and socio-cultural value, are comprehensively counted. In total, the economic impact is calculated based on three components: the cost of compensated economic losses, rehabilitation costs and administrative costs of calculating losses.
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Dal Ferro, Nicola, Carlo Camarotto, Ilaria Piccoli, Antonio Berti, Jane Mills und Francesco Morari. „Stakeholder Perspectives to Prevent Soil Organic Matter Decline in Northeastern Italy“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 1 (02.01.2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010378.
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A transition from conventional to more sustainable soil management measures (SMMs) is required to reverse the current soil organic matter (SOM) losses in the agroecosystems. Despite the innovations and technologies that are available to prevent SOM decline, top–down knowledge transfer schemes that incentivize a certain measure are often ineffective. Here, we discuss relevant outcomes from a participatory approach where researchers, farmers, practitioners and government officials have discussed opportunities and barriers around SMM application to prevent SOM decline. Within a series of workshops, stakeholders identified, scored, and selected SMMs to field-tests and evaluated the benefits and drawbacks from their application. Results showed that the stakeholders recognized the need for innovations, although they valued the most promising SMM as already available continuous soil cover and conservation agriculture. In contrast, more innovative SMMs, such as biochar use and the variable rate application of organic amendments through precision farming, were the least valued, suggesting that people’s resistance to new technologies is often governed by the socio-cultural perception of them that goes beyond the economic and technological aspects. The valuation of benefits and drawbacks by stakeholders on trialed measures emphasized that stakeholders’ perspective about soil management is a combination of economic, environmental, and socio-cultural aspects, thus corroborating the need for transdisciplinary bottom–up approaches to prevent SOM depletion and increase soil rehabilitation and SOM content.
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Konstantinova, Elina, Liga Brunina, Aija Persevica und Anda Zvaigzne. „ECONOMIC VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: A CASE STUDY FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF DEGRADED PEATLANDS IN LATVIA“. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (20.06.2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4109.
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Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits that people obtain from using ecosystems and can be divided into the following three categories: provisioning, regulating and supporting and cultural services. The strategical importance of ecosystem services is set by the EU Biodiversity Strategy, which put ecosystem services firmly on the EU policy agenda. The aim of the paper is to present and discuss the model for economic (monetary) valuation of ecosystem services for sustainable management of degraded peatlands in Latvia. Based on an economic valuation of ecosystem services (ES), it is possible to compare different territories and different management scenarios. Peatland ecosystems globally represent a major store of soil carbon, a sink for carbon dioxide and a source of atmospheric methane. Climate change may threaten these stocks due to the peat oxidation caused by the draught in areas where the peat extraction has been carried out, as well as the increased risk of forest fires. In Latvia, currently there have not been developed a strategy for the implementation of standard approaches and basic principles for the management of degraded peatlands. There are several options for re-cultivation of degraded peatlands, but for sustainable land use, it is very important to choose the most optimal option from the economic, ecological and society perspective. The research was based on data obtained from a biophysical ES assessment for 28 indicators for 3 scenarios from a 5, 25 and 50-year perspective. The collection of primary data, as well as an aggregation and comparative assessment of secondary data have been carried out by using approbated scientific research methods and ES assessment indicators. The obtained data were adapted to the Latvian socio-economic situation by using correction factors. Depending on ES category, the following assessment methods were used: the market pricing method; the benefit transfer method and the direct market pricing method; the avoided costs method. Economic valuation of peatland re-cultivation scenarios assists land-use planners and policymakers in making ecologically, economically and socio-culturally sustainable land-use decisions, where ecological and economic data are used for a calculated assessment of the land-use options.
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Müller, Sarah Marie, Jasmin Peisker, Claudia Bieling, Kathrin Linnemann, Konrad Reidl und Klaus Schmieder. „The Importance of Cultural Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity for Landscape Visitors in the Biosphere Reserve Swabian Alb (Germany)“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 9 (09.05.2019): 2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092650.
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Agricultural landscapes play an important role in providing different ecosystem services. However, the current trend of land use intensification in Central Europe involves the risk of trade-offs between them. Since cultural ecosystem services (CES) are less tangible, they are often underrepresented in landscape management decisions. To highlight this subject we evaluated CES in agro-ecosystems in the biosphere reserve Swabian Alb (Southwestern Germany). We conducted a survey among visitors to investigate their usage of the landscape, their perception as well as valuation of CES, and interrelations with biodiversity. The results show the presence of various types of usage related to cultural services, the most prominent being recreation and landscape aesthetics. People declared a high affinity to nature and biodiversity awareness. A participatory mapping task revealed their appreciation of biodiverse and ecologically relevant places such as protected species-rich grasslands, traditional orchards and hedgerows. Several socio-demographic differences emerged, e.g., between age classes and local/non-local visitors. We conclude that our exemplary methodical approach was successful in capturing the CES and their link to biodiversity in the investigated biosphere reserve, while identifying priority fields of action concerning the integration of CES into management and planning of cultural landscapes, ultimately serving as guides for local decision-makers.
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Pouso, Sarai, Silvia Ferrini, R. Kerry Turner, Ángel Borja und María C. Uyarra. „Monetary valuation of recreational fishing in a restored estuary and implications for future management measures“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, Nr. 6 (04.06.2019): 2295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz091.
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Abstract Recreational fishing is considered a cultural ecosystem service, important in terms of the socio-economic benefits that it provides. In the Nerbioi estuary (northern Spain), investments in water treatment and the closure of polluting industries have led to several benefits such as improvements in water quality, fish abundance and richness, and recreational fishing activity. Currently, this activity is performed along the whole estuary including areas that previously were severely polluted. Valuing the benefits of recreational fishing is crucial to support the management of the estuary. The economic valuation is performed using a multi-site travel cost analysis. In addition, the effect on welfare measures of future scenarios where environmental conditions and accessibility change is analysed. Results indicate that each recreational trip in Nerbioi has a use value of 14.98€, with an aggregate value of 1.12 M€year−1 for the whole recreational fishers’ community. The simulated scenarios suggest that further environmental improvements would have a positive effect in the activity, increasing the current welfare by 7.5–11.5%. In contrast, worsening of environmental conditions and accessibility could translate into a welfare reduction up to 71%. The monetary use value of recreational fishing partially covers (4.7%) the costs of maintaining the environmental quality of the estuary.
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Acharya, Ram Prasad, Tek Narayan Maraseni und Geoff Cockfield. „Local Users and Other Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Identification and Prioritization of Ecosystem Services in Fragile Mountains: A Case Study of Chure Region of Nepal“. Forests 10, Nr. 5 (15.05.2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050421.
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Forest-based ecosystem services (ES) play a vital role in improving people’s livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Prior studies have focused on technical aspects of economic valuation such as biophysical quantification through modeling and mapping, or monetary valuation, while little attention has been paid to the social dimensions. Taking case studies of two dominant community-based forest management systems (community forestry—CF and collaborative forestry—CFM) in the Chure region of Nepal, we investigate how local users and other stakeholders perceive the valuation of forest-based ecosystem services based on proximity (nearby vs. distant users), socio-economic class (rich vs. poor users), and forest management modalities (CF vs. CFM). We found that local users and other stakeholders in the Chure region identified a total of 42 forest-based ecosystem services: 16 provisioning, 15 regulating, and 11 cultural services. While all local users prioritised firewood, water quality improvement, and bequest values as the top three services, genetic resources, hazard protection, and hunting services were valued as having the lowest priority. The priorities placed on other services varied in many respects. For instance, rich users living near a CF showed a strong preference for fodder, grasses, and soil conservation services whereas users living far from forests prioritised timber, fresh water, and flood control services. In the case of CFM, rich users adjacent to forests preferred timber, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration services but those living far from forests chose timber, poles, and flood control as their top priorities. Differences in rankings also occurred among the regional managers, national experts, and forest users. The reasons for these differences and their policy implications are discussed, and ways of reaching consensus between the users are suggested.
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Rasool, Syed, und Jehangir Khan. „Pashtun Images in Contemporary Pakistani Fiction in English“. University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 1, Nr. 1 (03.03.2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/uochjll/1/1/02/2017.
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Living in an area that has long been a battlefield where various world powers have often been at loggerheads, Pashtuns have frequently drawn the attention of several works of fiction. Yet literary scholars have largely ignored the importance of these works of fiction looking into the lives of Pashtuns. This paper proposes that from the times of the Cold War to those of the War on Terror, Pashtun identities have been clouded by the hegemonic discourses of the contesting global powers, leading to gaps and silences in their depiction in literature.This paper argues that the Pashtun images in contemporary Pakistani fiction in English exhibit strong influences of the dominating narratives; simultaneously, however, they seem to offer various patterns of subversion of the prevailing power narratives. Despite the fact that Pashtuns are generally regarded as the most subversive people of South Asia and that their lands have been regarded significant strategically as well as geographically, yet they are portrayed as the Others of the mainstream cultural discourses. This paper aims to highlight the contours of the socio-cultural and political valuation of Pashtuns in contemporary Pakistani fiction in English.
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Tremblay, Pascal. „Protected areas and development in arid Australia - challenges to regional tourism“. Rangeland Journal 30, Nr. 1 (2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07050.
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The principal contention of this paper is that the traditional approach to park management is inadequate to deal with the contemporary goals of protected areas, in particular, biodiversity conservation, cultural heritage management and the management of socio-economic development within parks. This is particularly true for parks in remote regions like Central Australia, where management on a broader scale is required. The benefits of park management embracing a regional approach to development and conservation are examined. This paper also identifies some serious restrictions to development. Parks rely heavily on abstract management plans, and do not have a transparent framework through which to set objectives and targets. These objectives would allow parks to evaluate their organisation’s performance. Iconic landscape assets dominate the tourism economy in Central Australia. The number of different institutions managing parks has hampered the establishment of a valuation framework. This framework would allow regional resource allocation decisions to be assessed and parks’ performances to be monitored. Proper assessment and monitoring would strengthen the case for additional park funding to pursue conservation and development responsibilities.
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Preece, Chloe, Finola Kerrigan und Daragh O’Reilly. „Framing the work: the composition of value in the visual arts“. European Journal of Marketing 50, Nr. 7/8 (11.07.2016): 1377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2014-0756.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the literature on value creation by examining value within the visual arts market and arguing for a broader, socio-culturally informed view of value creation. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop an original conceptual framework to model the value co-creation process through which art is legitimised. An illustrative case study of artist Damien Hirst demonstrates the application of this framework. Findings The findings illustrate how value is co-constructed in the visual arts market, demonstrating a need to understand social relationships as value is dispersed, situational and in-flux. Research limitations/implications The authors problematise the view that value emerges as a result of operant resources “producing effects” through working on operand resources. Rather, adopting the socio-cultural approach, the authors demonstrate how value emerges and is co-constructed, negotiated and circulated. The authors establish the need to reconceptualise value as created collaboratively with other actors within industry sectors. The locus of control is, therefore, dispersed. Moreover, power dynamics at play mean that “consumers” are not homogenous; some are more important than others in the valuation process. Practical implications This more distributed notion of value blurs boundaries between product and service, producer and consumer, offering a more unified perspective on value co-creation, which can be used in strategic decision-making. Originality/value This paper illustrates that value co-creation must be understood in relation to understanding patterns of hierarchy that influence this process.
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Zilio Fernandes, Rafael. „O ATIVISMO TRANSNACIONAL ANARQUISTA NO SUL DO CONTINENTE AMERICANO: UM EXEMPLO DE REGIONOFILIA LIBERTÁRIA“. GEOgraphia 21, Nr. 45 (07.06.2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i45.a14463.
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O artigo analisa as relações entre ativistas organizados em torno de três Federações Anarquistas situadas em Rosário (Argentina), Montevidéu (Uruguai) e Porto Alegre (Brasil), relações estas auxiliadas pela histórica (e geográfica) proximidade simbólico-cultural e política entre os países do Prata e o estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Primeiramente contextualizo a pesquisa que apresentou tais resultados, o conceito em construção regionofilia e o advento das Federações Anarquistas. Após, são evidenciadas as vozes de ativistas das Federações a respeito de quatro tópicos: a fronteira; o universo valorativo gaucho; relações entre a identidade sócio-espacial gaucha, o anarquismo e as lutas sociais; e as relações entre as três organizações. Finalizo ponderando que o caso estudado constitui um exemplo de regionofilia antinacionalista e, mais especificamente, apresenta uma regionofilia libertária.Palavras-chave: Ativismo Transnacional. Federações Anarquistas. Regionofilia. Identidade Sócio-Espacial Gaucha. Sul do Continente Americano. THE ANARCHIST TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM IN THE SOUTH OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT: AN EXAMPLE OF LIBERTARIAN REGIONOPHILIAAbstract: The paper analyses the relations between activists organized in three Anarchist Federations at Rosario (Argentina), Montevideo (Uruguay) and Porto Alegre (Brazil), stimulated by the historical (and geographical) symbolic-cultural and political proximity among the countries of the Plata and the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. First I contextualize the investigation that presented such results, the concept in construction regionophilia, and the emergency of the Anarchists Federations. After, I approach the voices of the activists of the Federations focusing on four topics: the border; the gaucho valuation universe; relations between the gaucha socio-spatial identity, the anarchism and social struggles; and the relations between the three organizations. I end by pondering that the case is an example of anti-nationalist regionophilia and, more specifically, it presents a libertarian regionophilia.Keywords: Transnational Activism. Anarchist Federations. Regionophilia. Gaucha Socio-Spatial Identity. South of the American Continent. EL ACTIVISMO TRANSNACIONAL ANARQUISTA EN EL SUR DEL CONTINENTE AMERICANO: UN EJEMPLO DE REGIONOFILIA LIBERTARIAResumen: El artículo analiza las relaciones entre activistas organizados en torno a tres Federaciones Anarquistas situadas en Rosario (Argentina), Montevideo (Uruguay) y Porto Alegre (Brasil), relaciones esas amparadas por la histórica (y geográfica) proximidad simbólico-cultural y política entre los países del Plata y el estado brasileño de Rio Grande do Sul. En primero yo contextualizo la investigación que presentó esos resultados, el concepto en construcción regionofilia y el adviento de las Federaciones Anarquistas. Después, se evidencian las voces de activistas de las Federaciones sobre cuatro temas: la frontera; el universo valorativo gaucho; las relaciones entre la identidad socio-espacial gaucha, el anarquismo y las luchas sociales; y las relaciones entre esas tres organizaciones. Finalizo ponderando que el caso estudiado constituye un ejemplo de regionofilia antinacionalista y, más específicamente, presenta una regionofilia libertaria.Palabras clave: Activismo Transnacional. Federaciones Anarquistas. Regionofilia. Identidade Socio-Espacial. Sur del Continente Americano.
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Coelho-Junior, Marcondes G., Athila L. de Oliveira, Eduardo C. da Silva-Neto, Thayanne C. Castor-Neto, Ana A. de O. Tavares, Vanessa M. Basso, Ana P. D. Turetta, Patricia E. Perkins und Acacio G. de Carvalho. „Exploring Plural Values of Ecosystem Services: Local Peoples’ Perceptions and Implications for Protected Area Management in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 3 (20.01.2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031019.
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The remnants of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil are significant for biodiversity and provide benefits for people (climate regulation, water supply, health and welfare, among others). However, nature’s importance for different people may vary, for social, environmental, and economic reasons. In this paper, we explore such differences among people living in communities surrounding the Cunhambebe State Park (PEC), a large area of Atlantic Forest. We assess their perceptions regarding the plural values of ecosystem services derived from the PEC and explore ways in which this could affect the management of this protected area. Our assumption is that analyzing the perceptions of people who live in the communities surrounding can be a key tool for the formulation of proposals to improve management models and address socio-environmental conflicts. Based on interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, our results show a direct link between culture and environment since relational values and cultural ecosystem services are closely related to local people’s valuation of the PEC. Therefore, we support management strategies which are based on local values for land and forest use in a sustainable way. Our findings may contribute to decision making by PEC managers, governments, local stakeholders, and researchers.
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Santos Vieira de Jesus, Diego. „The unfulfilled promise of education for creative economy in Brazil“. International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, Nr. 5 (31.05.2019): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss5.1485.
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The aim is to examine why the promise that education for creative economy could be the engine for socioeconomic development – present in the academic work on creative economy and the political discourse of some leaders and political parties – remains unfulfilled in Brazil. The central argument indicates that the promise was unfulfilled because the maintenance of rigid curricular guidelines in basic, secondary and higher education limits the development of skills and abilities to deal with the constant transformations of creative economy. The unfulfillment of this promise can also be explained by the fact that the financial crisis – motivated by the adverse international economic situation and the political chaos caused by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds by politicians and businessmen – made the Brazilian government reduce investments in research and the maintenance of public institutions. The private institutions of basic and secondary education which prepare students for creative economy charge high monthly fees, which is not affordable for the greatest part of Brazilian population, and the Brazilian state does not seem to work to extend this education model for other public and private schools. Many private universities also suffer from the limitation of student financing programs. The transdisciplinarity among the three knowledge pillars of creative economy – technical / scientific, cultural / creative and business pillars –, as well as the valuation of traditional knowledge and practices and the formation of critical thinking in the light of political-economic and socio-cultural dynamics, is being ruined in Brazil.
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Courault, Romain, und Marianne Cohen. „Evolution of Land Cover and Ecosystem Services in the Frame of Pastoral Functional Categories: A Case Study in Swedish Lapland“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 1 (03.01.2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010390.
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Ecosystem services (ES) are a key-component for sustainable management of human–environment systems, particularly in polar environments where effects of global changes are stronger. Taking local knowledge into account allows the valuation of ES experienced by stakeholders. It is the case for reindeer herders in Scandinavia, the ungulate being a keystone specie for subarctic socio-ecosystems. We adapt the ecosystem services assessment (ESA) proposed in Finland to the case study of the Gabna herders’ community (Sweden), considering its cultural, geographical, and dynamic specificities. We used Saami ecological categories over the land-use categories of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC). We reassessed ES at the scale of the Gabna community and its seasonal pastures. We studied their evolution over 2000–2018, using CLC maps and Change CLC maps. Integration of Saami ecological categories in the classification of land cover did not substantially change the land cover distributions. However, ES were greater in Saami land use compared to other CLC categories. Cultural services were higher for summer and interseasonal pastures, dedicated to the reindeer reproduction, suggesting interactions between provisioning and cultural ES. Land cover changes are mostly represented by intensive forestry (5% of winter pastures) impeding reindeer grazing activity, while other seasonal pasture landscape composition stayed comparable along time. Consequently, forest activity, and in a lesser extent glacier melting and urbanization are the main drivers of the temporal evolution of ES. In the frame of pastoral landscapes conservation, the use of local terminologies opens perspectives for a holistic approach in environmental science. It raises the importance of local stakeholders as co-researchers in nature conservation studies.
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Sayadi, Samir, Mª Carmen González Roa und Javier Calatrava Requena. „Estudio de preferencias por los elementos agrarios del paisaje mediante los métodos de Análisis Conjunto y Valoración Contingente“. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 4, Nr. 7 (21.10.2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2004.07.07.
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Among the externalities produced by agrarian activities one must consider its contribution to the shaping of the landscape, an aesthetic externality value of the agrosystems. Recognizing and appraising this contribution is becoming more and more important every day. In this study a Conjoint Analysis and Contingent Valuation methods has been used to estimate, first the relative importance of the agrarian component level in the utility function achieved from enjoying landscapes, and secondly the Willingness To Pay of surveyed for these landscapes existing in the area of The Alpujarras (Granada-Spain). Data has been obtained by a questionnaire performed to a sample of a potential visitor of the area, using three main features of landscape, as follows: Vegetation layer, level of building, and mountain inclines, each of them with different levels. Subsequently, a multiple regression model has been fitted to identify the relationship between the Willingness to Pay for landscapes and its features and the socio-cultural traits of the individuals. According to results concerning both the preferences and the Willingness To Pay of visitors for landscapes, some conclusions have finally been drawn, allowing to derive strategies to maintain the most valued landscape in the area and to make use of it for the sustainable development of the region
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BASKENT, Emin Zeki. „A Framework for Characterizing and Regulating Ecosystem Services in a Management Planning Context“. Forests 11, Nr. 1 (14.01.2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010102.
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Sustainable management promises to improve the conservation and utilization of ecosystem services and their contribution to human wellbeing through management plans. This paper explores the concept of characterization and integration of ecosystem services in a management planning concept. The integration process involves the identification, quantification, valuation, assessment, and monitoring of ecosystem services over time. The quantification of common ecosystem services, such as soil erosion, water conservation, recreation, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration was explored. A framework was developed to integrate ecosystem services into management planning process. Ecosystem services are classified as provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services with a defined typology. The conceptual framework acts as an organizing structure and it serves as a model for the management of ecosystems with their contribution to human wellbeing. Ecosystem management with multi-criteria decision techniques, information technologies and a structured participation is a proposed approach for the sustainable management of ecological, economic, and socio-cultural functions. Establishing the quantitative relationships between ecosystem services and societal benefits is essential. The provision of a universally accepted clear measurement of regulating, supporting, and cultural services is challenging. A commitment, vision, and strong willingness are required to adopt policies, regulations, and management objectives in planning. Integration can only be realized with prioritizing ecosystem services with the involvement of stakeholders. Substantial understanding of both the ecological and social systems is a prerequisite for sustainable management of ecosystem services. The ecosystem services with significant benefits to the wellbeing of society should primarily be characterized, their relative importance be weighted, and prioritized through a participatory approach. A holistic approach with a comprehensive decision support system is essential in forecasting the future provision of ecosystem services and assessing the trade-off analysis, resulting in better policy formulation before on-the-ground implementation.
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Song, Bingjie, Guy Robinson und Douglas Bardsley. „Measuring Multifunctional Agricultural Landscapes“. Land 9, Nr. 8 (03.08.2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080260.
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Multifunctional agriculture (MFA) has attracted increased attention from academics and policymakers in recent years. Academic researchers have utilised various approaches to assess and measure the multifunctionality of agriculture and rural landscapes. This paper outlines the nature of MFA and key supporting policies, before reviewing the applied research approaches, drawing primarily from the European Union and China where specific policies on MFA have been implemented to support rural development and promote sustainable rural communities. Four distinct types of valuation of modern MFA are recognised: economic, biophysical, socio-cultural, and holistic. Following a search of both the recent and older MFA literature, evaluations of the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods applications are provided using examples from a range of recent studies. The review illustrates the diversity of approaches to measure MFA. While noting that many studies operate at a landscape scale, the challenge remains that the lack of commonality in the research approaches applied means it is difficult to provide effective comparisons between studies or to compare findings. A future research agenda will need to emphasise the need for more consideration of the roles of MFA research to support decision-makers, especially policy makers, but also farmers who largely make decisions for individual farms but, if considered collectively, can transform production systems at a landscape scale.
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Fadare, Stephen Ayoade, Umeh Azubuike Lucky und Leilani I. De Guzman. „Diffusing Entrepreneurial Innovation and Tourism: An Empirical Evidence of Permaculture“. International Journal of Business Studies 5, Nr. 2 (30.06.2021): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32924/ijbs.v5i2.197.
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Entrepreneurial innovation and tourism are essential factors in the economic growth of a rural agrarian area. This paper's concept is from Schumpeterian creative destructions' philosophical idea to shift rural communities' mentality from the product-based economy to diverse tourism entrepreneurship. In achieving and sustaining the development of permaculture as a platform for rural agritourism, the social capital theory of collectivism was employed to foster the development that would deliver socio-cultural, environmental, and economic benefits to all stakeholders in the community. This paper employed a descriptive research design to analyze the diffusion of entrepreneurial innovation and tourism systematically; also, to interpret the community's attitude towards the diffusion of permaculture for agritourism. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with the key informant group among the women organization. The paper subjected its participants’ through a non-probability sampling method using cluster sampling in the three barangays of the municipality of Bokod, Province of Benguet. The study results show that the respondents were willing to accept the permaculture for tourism and were willing to commit time to develop and manage the Permaculture project. They were motivated to accept and to participate in the project because they knew the values and benefits that permaculture would bring to the community. Also, while answering contingency valuation questions, the respondent thought about the value and benefits the project would bring. This study will enable communities to develop agritourism through permaculture landscapes in the rural community and, help policymakers in planning sustainable projects to support the community in entrepreneurial innovation.
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Lopes, Andréa Regina de Britto Costa, Nayara De Freitas Nogueira Silveira, Maria Rita Vidal und Anna Carolina de Abreu Coelho. „PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA DE COMPENSAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA O COMPONENTE INDÍGENA“. Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 21, Nr. 1 (09.10.2019): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v21n1.618.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta metodológica que permita valorar os recursos ambientais presentes nas terras indígenas. A identificação de valores ambientais de bens visa auxiliar as discussões e os procedimentos de compensação ambiental, quando da execução de empreendimentos viários que interferem em terras indígenas. Nesse sentido, neste trabalho, foram também levantadas e discutidas as normativas sobre o processo de licenciamento ambiental e compensação ambiental em terras indígenas e os conceitos de indicador ambiental e valoração ambiental. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada considerou, a partir de três casos hipotéticos, os seguintes parâmetros: distância do empreendimento até a aldeia; condição da biodiversidade; número de corpos hídricos interceptados pelo empreendimento; impacto sociocultural; tipos de atividades socioeconômicas desenvolvidas; e população.Palavras-chave: terra indígena; indicador ambiental; valoração ambiental. AbstractThis article aims to present a methodological proposal that would allow to valuate the environmental resources present in indigenous territories. Identifying the environmental values of goods seeks to help with the discussions and procedures of environmental compensation, when it comes to the execution of road projects within indigenous lands. In this sense, we also raised and debated the regulations regarding the process of environmental licensing and environmental compensation inside indigenous territories, as well as the concepts of environmental indicator and environmental valuation. For that, the methodology that were used considered, departing from three hypothetical cases, the following parameters: distance between the enterprise and the community; condition of the biodiversity; number of water bodies intercepted by the project; socio-cultural impact; types of socioeconomic activities developed; and population.Keywords: indigenous territory; environmental indicator; environmental valuation. ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta metodológica que permita valorar los recursos ambientales presentes en las tierras indígenas. La identificación de los valores ambientales de los bienes tiene como objetivo ayudar a los debates y procedimientos de compensación ambiental, cuando hay la ejecución de carreteras que interfieren en las tierras indígenas. En este trabajo, también planteamos y discutimos las normas sobre el proceso de concesión de licencias ambientales y la compensación ambiental en las tierras indígenas y los conceptos de indicador ambiental y valoración ambiental. A tal fin, la metodología utilizada consideró, a partir de tres casos hipotéticos, los siguientes parámetros: distancia de la empresa a la aldea; condición de la diversidad biológica; número de cuerpos de agua interceptados por la empresa; impacto sociocultural; tipos de actividades socioeconómicas; y la población.Palabras clave: tierra indígena; indicador ambiental; valoración ambiental.
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Borges, Ana Pinto, Elvira Pacheco Vieira und João Romão. „The evaluation of the perceived value of festival experiences: the case ofSerralves em Festa!“ International Journal of Event and Festival Management 9, Nr. 3 (08.10.2018): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-01-2018-0002.
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PurposeSerralves em Festa!is a festival of contemporary artistic expression held annually in the city of Porto attracting a large number of national and international tourists. As there is no entrance fee, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the perceived value through the attendee’s willingness to pay for the event. The authors also describe the respondents (the “cheap talkers”) who indicated that they are willing to pay for a festival but when compared to other groups their opinion is different.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of visitors, their segmentation and satisfaction level, a regression model was created, based on combination of a double hurdle approach with a contingent valuation (CV) analysis.FindingsThe results show that gender and age above 53 years old are more likely to decide to pay for the event, while place of residence, satisfaction, repeated visits and intention to revisit influence the amount of the event’s payment. The cheap talkers are the respondents residing in Portugal.Practical implicationsPossible options for the implementation of an entrance fee or a system of donations are discussed taking into consideration the segmentation of demand. The authors concluded that an organized system of donations, combined with institutional sponsors, limited advertising (also with negative impacts on the perceived authenticity) and merchandising related to the event could contribute for an increment of the revenues related to the festival. Other implications related to the cultural and economic impacts on the city are also addressed.Originality/valueIt was combined a double hurdle approach with a CV method based on a segmentation of the public, which influences the propensity to pay for the event. This paper makes a contribution to the literature by seeking to deal with the cheap talk problem in CV methods by observing the comparison of the amount of the event’s payment between groups.