Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Society for Promoting Female Education in China“

The cultivation of the heart and the moulding of the will…’—these words symbolize the work of the Society for Promoting Female Education in China, India, and the East. This society existed from 1834 to 1899. It was run entirely by women, for educating and evangelizing girls and women in distant lands.

Background and Study Aim. 'Healthy China’ is an important symbol of China's social development and national prosperity. As practitioners and disseminators of sports and health, physical education of students should actively play their own specialties in the process of "Healthy China" construction. This study investigates the social responsibility and cultivation of college students so as to create a good atmosphere for educational groups from the four levels of society, family, school, and itself. Material and Methods. The participants were 53 students (aged 19-21 years) from the College of Physical Education and Health of East China Normal University. The "Questionnaire on the Cultivation of Social Responsibility of Students Majoring in Physical Education" was used as a search tool. A total of 60 questionnaires were distributed using the online platform in this study, and 53 valid questionnaires were recovered after sorting and screening. Among them, 32 were male students and 21 were female students. Results. Students lack enthusiasm and initiative in paying attention to national policies, learning health knowledge and technology, and participating in health education. There is also a lack of self-control and perseverance in physical exercise and healthy eating. Insufficient sleep and poor psychological state lead to low participation in social activities; College students have a low awareness of promoting sports spirit. Conclusions. The findings of this study shed light on the crucial need to cultivate social responsibility among college students majoring in sports at multiple levels: society, family, school, and individual. To effectively promote "Healthy China" and maximize the potential impact of physical education students, concerted efforts must be made to address the identified shortcomings and foster a holistic approach to social responsibility.

The development of feminism has played a certain role in the promotion of womens status and the defense of their interests and rights in Western and Chinese society. Chinese and Western women have demonstrated the influence of feminism on aesthetic changes. The research theme of this paper is investigating the development of feminism in China and Australia, which explores the development process of feminism in China and Australia and the similarities and differences between feminism and womens perceptions of physical appearance. By comparison, literature review, and interview methods, this study found that the similarities between the development of womens rights and aesthetics in China and the West are that young female interviewees who are subject to feminism think that physical health is the most important thing, and that women have autonomy and choice in the management of appearance. The difference between the development of womens rights in China and the West on aesthetics is that due to the increasing influence of individualism and feminism in Australian society, Australian women have more freedom in managing their appearance, and they are less influenced by mainstream social norms regarding womens appearance. However, under the influence of social pressure and collectivism, Chinese women are more inclined to change their appearance to adapt to the standard of ideal female appearance in Chinese mainstream society. Feminists in China can use the results of this study to understand the causes and effects of gender inequality, and pro-feminist educators can promote gender education in schools and society.

Background and context: Cancer is not only a medical problem, but also a socioeconomical issue as the high prevalence with poor prognosis brings heavy financial burden to the society. From 2005 to 2013, the incidence and mortality rates have sharply increased in China. The most common types of cancer in males in China are lung cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer while breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer are the major types of cancer among Chinese females. The prognosis for most types of cancer is poor and the treatment costs have been high and hence cancer has caused significant financial burden on patients and negatively impacted their lives. Since the 1970s, Chinese government has been paying attention to cancer burden and applying the nationwide cancer management strategy. Population-based cancer screening, public health education of cancer prevention and treatment on general population, and catastrophic disease medical insurance policy providing additional funding for cancer treatments have been widely implemented in the country. However, cancer in China still imposes the greatest financial burden on the patients, the families, and the society. It is imperative for the Chinese government to develop effective policies to address the financial toxicity of cancer in China. Aim: Through analyzing the data, we introduce and explain how Chinese government implements cancer control strategy in recent decades and how the national health insurance policies work on curing cancer disease. Strategy/Tactics: With presenting the available data from 2005 to 2013, we analyze the overall prevalence trend of cancer incidence and mortality in China. In terms of cost, we analyze the overall inpatient cost, inpatient expenses on the most common cancers, and anticancer pharmacies to explain the economic loss that cancer caused to Chinese people. Program/Policy process: Considering the alarming prevalence and economic burden of cancer, China has been paying attention to cancer prevention and treatment and conduct national cancer plans and insurance policies. The plans focused on taking actions to lower cancer burden in high risk groups and regions, strengthening public education and professional training, and promoting cancer standardized treatment guidelines in the nation. Insurance policies were emphasized on critical disease health coverage, including cancer. Outcomes: To mitigate the situation where patients have become indigent due to critical diseases, since 2012, the Chinese government has issued the Critical Disease Insurance Policy to provide financial assistance through supplementary insurance to patients who have incurred a critical disease such as pediatric leukemia, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. What was learned: We learned how Chinese national cancer prevention plans and health insurance policies were efficient worked in releasing the cancer prevalence trend and decreasing the economic cost in recent decades.

The research object of this paper is the phenomenon of occupational gender segregation in cities in China. In this paper, the current situation, influencing factors, and the negative consequences of occupational gender segregation are mainly studied, and the corresponding governance methods are put forward. First of all, the research background and significance of this paper are introduced, and related concepts are defined, including occupational gender segregation as well as its two types: horizontal segregation and vertical segregation. Next, the current situation of occupational gender segregation is analyzed, including the gender employment structure caused by horizontal segregation and the promotion obstacles and gender wage gap caused by vertical segregation. On this basis of research, the influencing factors of occupational gender segregation are discussed, including gender stereotypes, the conflict between female family roles and occupational roles as well as the factor of education. Subsequently, the consequences of occupational gender segregation are analyzed, including the negative impact on personal income, personal career development, development of industries, occupational prejudice, and social fairness and justice. Then, the governance methods are put forward from four aspects: government, enterprise, individual and media. Finally, the main research conclusions as well as the innovations and the shortcomings of this paper are summarized, and the prospect of this field is made according to the conclusions. The conclusion of this paper shows that occupational gender segregation is still widespread today, and it has a negative impact on individuals, industries, and Chinese society. Therefore, it is necessary to take various measures to reduce occupational gender segregation and achieve gender equality in employment.

In today's seemingly equal Chinese society, women are always discriminated against by society. In the old feudal society under the rule of male power in China, women could only survive in society if they were completely attached to men, which made Chinese women oppressed by the male power society for a long time, and they lost their freedom and choice in life. However, with the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the country began to advocate gender equality, and women could also actively participate in social work. However, China's feudal ideology has lasted for thousands of years, while the founding of New China is less than 100 years old, so it is difficult for feudal ideology to be effectively changed in a short time. Until today, society still discriminates against women. With the continuous development of Chinese society and the continuous improvement of policies, more and more Chinese women have received higher education. They are eager to be recognized by society and realize their own value. This paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the status of female characters in Chinese female films in different periods. Compared with the development of the times, the changes and progress of women's roles in Chinese female films criticize and expose the gender inequality in new China.

Educational Memory of Chinese Female Intellectuals in Early Twentieth Century describes the campus life, teacher-student interaction, academic career, and ideological change of the first generation of female intellectuals trained in higher education in China as the Chinese society changed in the early 20th century. Using the research methods of life history, oral history, and history of mentalities, the author reveals the special experiences and ideological journeys of Chinese female intellectuals by the literature works of three first-generation Chinese female intellectuals and other people's interpretations and commentary on their works. It also analyzes the relationship between many factors such as society, academia and education, especially higher education, and female intellectuals.

The problem of the relation between the female gender and Confucian humanism is far more complex than it seems to be on the first glance. Especially if we consider the many misogynistic phenomena we can encounter in the course of Chinese history, such as foot-binding or the concubinage, we might be inclined to think that female philosophy was impossible in traditional China. This paper aims to challenge the standard views on this problem. It aims to shed some light on the fact that in this context we have to differentiate between classical teachings that were relatively egalitarian in nature, and later ideologies that more or less openly promoted the inferior position of women in society. The paper will analyse the work of the female Han dynasty scholar Ban Zhao (45–117 CE), who was the first well-known female thinker in the history of Chinese philosophy. Through this analysis, the author also aims to expose the contradiction between dominant conventions on the one hand, and latent, often hidden criticism of gender relations in female writings of traditional China on the other. In this way, the paper aims to promote a more culturally sensitive approach to the historical and conceptual study of gender discourses in China by connecting textual analyses with actual and comprehensive knowledge of the historical and social contexts in which they were placed.

The problem of the relation between the female gender and Confucian humanism is far more complex than it seems to be on the first glance. Especially if we consider the many misogynistic phenomena we can encounter in the course of Chinese history, such as foot-binding or the concubinage, we might be inclined to think that female philosophy was impossible in traditional China. This paper aims to challenge the standard views on this problem. It aims to shed some light on the fact that in this context we have to differentiate between classical teachings that were relatively egalitarian in nature, and later ideologies that more or less openly promoted the inferior position of women in society. The paper will analyse the work of the female Han dynasty scholar Ban Zhao (45–117 CE), who was the first well-known female thinker in the history of Chinese philosophy. Through this analysis, the author also aims to expose the contradiction between dominant conventions on the one hand, and latent, often hidden criticism of gender relations in female writings of traditional China on the other. In this way, the paper aims to promote a more culturally sensitive approach to the historical and conceptual study of gender discourses in China by connecting textual analyses with actual and comprehensive knowledge of the historical and social contexts in which they were placed.

Purpose – There has been a lack of human rights education for a long period since New China was founded. Human rights education appeared at the university level in the 1990s, and has developed quickly over the past decade in mainland China. The purpose of this paper is to argue that human rights education in mainland China has had its own characteristics and problems during its development, and intends to identify and solve its problems in order to achieve sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – First, this paper surveys the development of human rights education in mainland China. Second, it summarizes its characteristics and problems objectively, and then gives some ideas and suggestions for its future sustainable development. Findings – Human rights education in mainland China has seen great improvement, although it also has its own characteristics and has had problems during its development. The ideas about and approaches to human rights education development in mainland China should be adjusted. Ensuring and promoting the respect of human rights in society is the main goal of human rights education. Balanced development, independent development, the encouragement of and investment by the government and society in the subject and the high quantity and quality of available human rights teachers are the guarantees for a sustainable model of human rights education in mainland China. Originality/value – This paper studies the history and current situation of human rights education in mainland China, summarizing its characteristics and existing problems completely and objectively. This paper states that human rights education in mainland China should change its theories and its approaches to development.

Society-wise in China, 2019 was largely devoid of violent incidents. The most significant incidents were labour rights protests in high-tech industries, and outcries from middle-class parents over food and vaccine safety hazards. As the economic slowdown and US–China trade war have posed greater challenges for Chinese society, the Party-state has sought to deepen its control of society. State-of-the-art digital technologies have been incorporated in traditional Leninist control at the grassroots, and greater efforts have been invested in promoting ideological education. While such a strategy may seem to have maintained stability and peace now, its actual effects in the long run remain to be seen.

Promoting quality physical education (QPE), regarded as the best way to induce quality learning among children and adolescents, has received widespread attention. This study contributes to the discourse on QPE by conducting a study in mainland China that involved 437 physical education (PE) professionals from six administrative divisions of 30 provinces. The research adopted the questionnaire initially developed by the QPE research team from the International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sport in 2018. Results indicated an overall mean of 7.39 in the QPE development. The highest mean score was 7.73 in the Skill Development and Bodily Awareness (SDBA) dimension, and the lowest was 7.14 in Plans for Feasibility and Accessibility of PE (PFAPE). PE professionals with less work experience scored higher on the overall development of QPE and the eight dimensions. The QPE scores of East China and Central South China in all eight dimensions were significantly higher than those of Northwest China. These findings indicate the importance of enhancing cognitive functioning strategies in developing QPE in mainland China. Recommendations include using a resource-input and intentional intervention model to investigate the differences in QPE development among the regions in China.

The successful implementation of circular economy (CE) model needs the understanding and support of the whole public on the CE concept and knowledge, and then turns it into CE practice in the daily life. Colleges and universities are one of the direct driving forces in the implementation of CE model. Universities circular economy education (UCEE) is a novel concept, which refers to a kind of lifelong education with exerting the all the educational assets and influence of colleges and universities to radiate education to the whole society by taking college student education as the core, aiming at realizing the two primary targets of cultivating high-level professional talents of CE and enhancing the CE awareness of the whole public. However, there are many barriers in developing UCEE in reality, for example, there is insufficient policy support for CE practice in colleges and universities, general education of CE needs to be strengthened, professional development related CE is relatively lagging behind, curriculum setting of relevant professional courses of CE needs to be improved, and educational radiation of CE for the whole society is not enough. This article is about clarifying the main barriers in promoting UCEE in China.

Free compulsory education has made "all children can go to school" a reality and eliminated the phenomenon of dropping out of school due to tuition and miscellaneous fees. However, at this stage, hidden dropout has risen to become the main contradiction in China's compulsory education. The article focuses on the problem of hidden dropout in rural junior high schools, and explains the impact of hidden dropout on personal development, students' families and society. The causes of hidden dropout are analysed in depth, including students' own factors, family factors, school education factors and social environment factors. Corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the levels of school, family and society, with a view to providing theoretical basis and practical reference for effectively solving the problem of students' hidden dropout at junior middle school level in rural areas, as well as promoting the healthy development of rural education.

This study aims to examine the state of digital inclusion and digital literacy education in Chinese libraries and provide recommendations for improvement. The background section emphasizes the crucial role of libraries in promoting digital inclusion and sustainable development, as well as the challenges and opportunities presented by the current digital landscape in China, such as the digital divide and regional disparities in internet access. To achieve the study’s objectives, we conducted analyses of relevant policies, public libraries, and library training programs using a mixed-methods approach. The results highlight the policy landscape, initiatives, and implementation strategies for promoting digital inclusion and literacy education, emphasizing the role of libraries in driving digital inclusion and fostering user engagement. Insights from a university library perspective showcase the role of academic libraries in promoting digital literacy education and training. The findings underscore the importance of digital inclusion and literacy in a digitized society and the crucial role of libraries and academic institutions in achieving these goals. The study advocates for libraries’ pivotal role in bridging digital gaps and enhancing literacy to foster an inclusive, equitable digital society and urges policy support.

With the promotion of rural revitalization strategy, vocational education plays an important role in promoting rural development, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, and improving people's living standards. Through the integration of vocational education and rural revitalization, resources can be shared, mutual benefit and win-win results can be achieved, and the comprehensive development of rural economy and society can be promoted. This paper first explains the integrated development mechanism of vocational education and rural revitalization, then analyzes the current situation of the integrated development of vocational education and rural revitalization in China, and finally puts forward the integrated development path of vocational education and rural revitalization from three dimensions: talent supply, integration of production and education, and improvement of vocational education service system.

The call for this special issue was prompted by the International Conference on Women Empowerment deliberations. The conference, held on 10th December 2022 at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), was inaugurated by Dr. Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung, Head of Research in the department of Fundamental and Inter-Disciplinary Studies, AbdulHamid AbuSulayman Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (AHAS KIRKHS), who delivered a welcoming speech, followed by opening remarks by Prof. Shukran Bin Abd Rahman, Dean of AHAS KIRKHS. The event also featured speeches by distinguished guests, including the Honourable Rector of IIUM, Professor Emeritus Tan Sri Dato’ Dzulkifli bin Abdul Razak and Mr. Thomas Albrecht, Representative of UNHCR, Malaysia, Prof. Abdul Aziz Berghout, the Dean of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation (ISTAC), IIUM, and Prof. Dawood Al-Hidabi, Director of International Institute for Muslim Unity (IIMU), IIUM. The conference aimed to explore the social conditions of women refugees living in Malaysia with a focus on their social status, living conditions, domestic violence, the impact of criminal activities in their environment, and lack of access to education for their children. It also aimed to promote academic excellence, cultivate future leaders in various disciplines within the realm of Islamic revealed knowledge and human sciences, and encourage high-quality research, scholarship, and academic work in specific areas. The conference brought together experts and professionals from different fields to share their perspectives on the social status of refugee women. It was attended by over 200 participants and its success was attributed to the efforts of the organizers and the dedication of the speakers and participants. Participants presented innovative ideas, findings, and insights that contributed to advancing knowledge in their fields. The call for this special issue, released in the first quota of the year 2023, triggered a number of conversations with a broad number of people about the topic and ultimately resulted in many submissions. Submissions covered a diverse range of topics and came from contributors mainly from AbdulHamid AbuSulayman Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences. The contributions that make up this special issue are as follows. First, Family empowerment and role transformation: Observations on the importance of religion. This paper is an examination of the concept of family empowerment and role transformation from an Islamic perspective, emphasising the need for integrated value-driven frameworks to address issues of family roles and empowerment. The authors, Abdelaziz Berghout and Ouahiba Saoud, believe that studies and research on family empowerment have increased in recent years, enshrining the discourse, and providing insights and solutions to the questions associated with family empowerment. They argue among other things that there are numerous efforts in the Islamic world to strengthen family empowerment. The article explains the main elements that comprise the Islamic perspective of family empowerment and the need for role transformation. The articles contends that Islam emphasises the importance of understanding the goals and roles of family as a social entity and agent entrusted with the mission of Istikhalf (vicegerency) and I‘mar (civilisation) on earth. Second, Crucial requirements for children’s empowerment: In this paper Kabuye Uthman Sulaiman sheds light on the important and mostly neglected role that parents play in raising their children, namely empowerment through character development, impartment of knowledge and skills. The key objective of this article is to enhance the understanding of the concept of empowerment of children from the Islamic perspective and the importance of character and values education in today’s society. The article is structured around six core sections describing the role of parents in children’s (1) virtues and character formation and development, (2) physical development, (3) emotional development, (4) mental development, (5) intellectual development, and lastly their role in preparing children for the realities of life and death. The focus of this paper is character formation and development. Character development and impartment of knowledge and skills are the three crucial and mandatory requirements for children’s empowerment. The paper outlines the ideas underlying character refinement or character education focusing on its meaning, aims, importance, and the role of parents, teachers, and community as character educators. It outlines some of the moral qualities of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as the universal model of all virtues and goodness. This is qualitative research employing descriptive methods with literature review analysis. The primary sources of this paper comprise selected verses from the Qur’an and their exegesis (tafsir) and Hadith, both of which constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims. Its secondary sources consist of books, journals, and other materials. The main contention in this paper is that: first, knowledge, skills, and values or personality traits need to be combined for a thriving life; second, moral values are of paramount significance to peaceful coexistence and harmony in society. They are critical for sustainable living. Without them, there is no cohesion and solidarity among people. Hence, there is no civilization; third, learning is of little value and with no soul unless core ethical values are added to it. Hence, one of the aims of education is to graduate ethical individuals; fourth, the development of character in children is not just the responsibility of parents and schools, it is also the responsibility of those who come into contact with them; last but not least, character education should be included as a core component of schools’ curriculum. Third, A Critical Analysis of Bent-Rib Metaphor Ḥadīth: Embracing Women's Uniqueness and Empowerment. The authors, Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri, Nurul Mukminah and Mohd Arif assert that the Bent-Rib Metaphor ḥadīth can be interpreted as a symbol of diversity, complexity, and complementarity between genders, rather than justifying women's subordination. By promoting a more nuanced understanding of the ḥadīth, this study advocates for a broader role for women in religious, social, economic, and political spheres. Fourth, A critical need for breastmilk collection centres for high-risk premature babies: In this paper Zainol Abidin and Wan Mazwati write that premature babies are very vulnerable and exposed to various life-threatening diseases. According to the report of World Health Organization, they quote, many premature babies are saved from morbidity and mortality when they are fed with breastmilk starting from within the first hour after their birth. They believe that: firstly, the rate of premature birth in Malaysia has increased exponentially since 2018. Therefore, hospitals should have enough supplies of breastmilk to save the lives of the precious premature babies. Secondly, only one hospital in Malaysia provides supplies of breastmilk on demand. Hence, the study argues for the establishment of breastmilk collection centre. It examines the concept of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah to justify the proposal for the establishment of breastmilk collection centres in hospitals throughout Malaysia to save the lives, intellects, and progenies of the at-risk premature babies. Fifth, Empowering Mothers Against a Malaysian Societal Convention: An Islamic Perspective: In this paper Nur Jannah Hassan believes thar: firstly, having greater women participations in the workforce potentially enhances the country’s prospects for growth; secondly, various agencies work towards increasing women’s participations in the labour force; thirdly, women’s contribution to the family’s and the nation’s income is significant. However, it is observed that the race to get women to ‘roll-up their sleeves’ economically is not without worrying downside trends, even at the current rate of only 55.5% of Malaysian women in the labour force. The paper deliberates on how this affects individuals’ and families’ well-beings, thus putting constrains on the family, society and the Nation at large. The paper draws guidance from the Qur’an and Prophetic traditions to propose a more realistic and well-balanced approach to empowerment of mothers. According to Nur Jannah, the demand to get women’s economic participation towards National growth is real. However, this should not endanger and threaten personal, familial, and societal holistic well beings. She adds, the role of motherhood, especially early motherhood must be included in the equation. Thus, the necessity to empower women. Sixth, Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective. The authors, Radwan Jamal, Rahmawati, and Ziyad Alhaq highlight present-day scenario of problems faced by women in education, social status, in job market, domestic violence, sexual assault etc. and presented a balanced Qur’anic approach to empower women. Seventh, Empowering Thinking and Moral Formation in Muslim Women Through the Philosophical Inquiry (PI) Approach: The authors of this paper, namely Norillah Abdullah and Mohamed Abdelmagid believe that much of what has been said about the social problems involving Muslim women in Malaysia is due to the lack of thinking skills and religious understanding. For this reason, this study is an attempt to highlight the PI method which integrates the Socratic questioning approach to help address the issue and lead to moral formation. This, according to them, would allow women to explore their thoughts and generate rational ideas and choices to achieve understanding and sound judgments (hikmah) and finally empower them in executing their roles and tasks. Eighth, The Role of Faith (Iman) in Women Empowerment: While the role of women in any development is undeniably very essential, the author of this paper Abdul Latif believes that there are women who are being side-lined; their role is being marginalized and consequently, they are being denied their rights. The purpose of his paper is to elaborate on the role of Iman in women empowerment. Abdul Latif describes a good believer as the one who upholds all the three integrated conditions that make the person strong and tranquil, namely profession by the tongue, conviction by heart and practice by limbs. He contends that true belief in Allah is the solution to many of the problems faced by women today. Ninth, The Role of Women in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Islam. Rownok Jahan and co-authors analyzed the role of women in achieving sustainable development goals according to Islam. The Islamic approach emphasizes a balanced realization of human rights, consumer welfare, social justice, ecological balance, and economic progress. Achieving these aims is not possible without the active involvement of women. Tenth, The Moral-sexual Empowerment of Women and Children in Hadith Literature: In this paper, Bachar Bakour describes sex as a human innate disposition and a basic need for the survival of the human race, and marriage as the primary appropriate avenue for satisfying sexual desire and living a moral and peaceful life. This article aims to briefly delineate the salient features of women and child sexual empowerment within the specific epistemic and cultural soil of Islamic tradition. Eleventh, A Close Study on Domestic Violence Against Women: Islamic Perspectives and Remedies: The authors of this paper, Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung and Phoo Pwint Thu Aung, define women empowerment as: firstly, the process of giving women the power to take control of their lives, rights, and decision-making; secondly, the creation of a society where women are treated equally, with respect, and have access to the same opportunities as men. This, in their view, involves promoting women’s education, encouraging their participation in politics and breaking down gender stereotypes. Twelfth, Women’s Empowerment and Participation in Islamic Financial Planning Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: Evidence from Maqasid al-Shariah. Its authors Mohammad Habibullah, Rusni Hassan, and Nor Razinah Mohd Zain assert that it is imperative to consider the role played by women in the financial sector and their contribution to economic progress. Using an experiment, this study examined the relationship between confidence, gender, and race in relation to dealing with a financial planner among various groups and races with color and creed. The study demonstrates how women plan financially for retirement based on psychological concepts and sociodemographic variables, highlighting the importance of financial management and planning for women. Thirteenth, Muslim Women in Politics: Does it Align With Shari‘ah Parameters? In this paper Ahmad Akram Mahmad Robbi, Saidatolakma Mohd Yunus and Mohamad Faiq Mohamad Sharin examine the views of Muslim scholars regarding women's political participation. They opine that political participation is essential for women empowerment. Fourteenth, Empowerment and Faith: Unraveling the HUI Women’s Mosques in China: In this paper Mai Jianjun describes the Hui Muslims as the largest Muslim minority group in China and their mosques as a very unique phenomenon within the broader Muslim world. They (mosques) stand as a testament of the remarkable resilience of the Hui Muslims in preserving their Islamic faith and Muslim identity in a predominantly non-Muslim society heavily influenced by Confucian culture. Mai Jianjun argues that the previous studies on Hui women’s mosques left two crucial questions unanswered, i.e., why did Hui women’s mosque emerge exclusively in the eastern and central regions of China and not in northwestern region where the concentration of Hui Muslims’ population is higher? Why was this phenomenon limited to the Hui Muslim community and not observed among other Muslim ethnic groups in China? This study employs historical, analytical and contexture analysis approaches to accomplish three research objectives. Firstly, it aims to re-examine the historical background of the Hui Muslims and the emergence of Hui women's mosques during the Ming and Qing dynasties within this particular ethnic group. Secondly, the study seeks to address the aforementioned questions and reidentify the possible causes for the emergence of the Hui women’s mosques in specific regions in China. Thirdly, the study intends to provide an Islamic perspective to illuminate the unique phenomenon of Hui women's mosques in China. Fifteenth, Qadaya al-Mar’ah wa Anwa`uha fi daw’ al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah. Its author, Saad Eldin, sheds lights on various topics related to women's issues and their types, such as women's rights, sermons, the hadith concerning the deficiency of intellect and religion, and other issues related to women's rights in general. It also addresses the issue of the mahram (forbidden relationships) for women. Sixteenth, Dawr al-Mar’ah fi al-Marwiyyat al-Hadithiyyah: Mafahimuha wa Masaqatuha. Ahmed Elmogtaba in this article deals with the efforts of women in the narration of Hadiths, with a focus on the six major Hadith collections and the topics related to their narrations. It was found that the narrations of female scholars contributed to various areas of jurisprudence in general, and family laws in particular. The above observations and discussions are intended to prompt critical reflection on the current state of women and children and prompt researchers to consider areas where future research is needed. Editorial Team Associate Professor Dr. Kabuye Uthman Sulaiman, HOD, FIDS, AHAS KIRKHS, IIUM Associate Professor Dr. Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung December 5, 2023

Since the expansion of college enrollment in 1999, the proportion of women in higher education has been increasing, and the gender structure of college students has become more balanced. However, even with the same higher education, male and female students will be treated differently due to gender differences. This article through gender differences in access to higher education, the gender stereotypes in higher education and the gender difference in graduate employment choices in China to figure out to what extent gender equity is in the distribution of educational resources in higher education in China. Female students face more obstacles and challenges than male students when pursuing higher education or looking for a job as a result of the traditional idea and stereotypes of females in society. In addition, the expectations and influences of families on their children, and physiological factors brought on by their gender also cause the situation. The allocation of resources for higher education is still disproportionately devoted to men.

Within the context of the Internet + era, innovative teaching platforms are continuously improved and optimized, and information technology assists schools in improving the quality and efficiency of education, achieving a harmonious development of science and education. This article adopts literature review to gain an in-depth understanding of the current situation of educational informatization in promoting educational equity. Starting from the perspective of educational informatization, the article first explains the concepts of educational informatization and educational equity, then traces their development process to gain a comprehensive understanding of the progress and current situation. Finally, the article discusses the impact of educational informatization on promoting educational equity, analyzing the existing problems to grasp the historical context and recognize the current situation, which is of significant importance for further leveraging the advantages of educational informatization to promote the development of educational equity. Through the study of educational informatization, it can be seen that in the era of comprehensively building a well-off society, educational informatization is like a blazing torch, igniting the transformation of education and schools, where educational equity is brought into reality in terms of opportunities, conditions, processes, and results, just like the sun shining.

Abstract Since the 1970s, energy education (EE) has become one of the effective ways to solve the energy crisis in developed countries. China’s increasingly severe energy issue requires China to strengthen energy conservation while establishing a conservation-oriented society and to draw on international experience in solving energy questions by vigorously developing EE. The development of EE in China commences late. Although some achievements have been made, there is a lack of legislative protection and platform support in further promoting EE. This paper analyzes China’s EE policy using the multiple streams theory, examines the reality of problematic policy and political streams of China’s EE policy, discusses the issue of addressing the three main streams in China’s EE development, summarizes the necessary conditions fbr opening the EE policy window, and puts forward suggestions fbr erecting China’s EE system.

The establishment of a 'Trinity' collaborative education mechanism among families, schools, and society is a significant policy decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council. It plays a vital role in fulfilling the fundamental task of fostering virtue and talent, promoting students' holistic development, and enhancing overall education quality. With the continuous deepening of the concept of collaborative education among families, schools, and society, substantial progress has been achieved in various tasks. However, issues such as vague roles in character building, asymmetric information, and inadequate coordination mechanisms still persist.This study delves into the current situation and problems regarding collaborative education efforts among families, schools, and society. It identifies strategies to address these challenges with the aim to more effectively drive educational reform and innovation. By doing so, it seeks to create an even better environment for the all-round development of students.

Fostering higher-order thinking skills of students is important aim for 21st century education. Teachers, as important elements in a positive learning environment, are the key to high quality education. As for the importance of teacher professional collaboration in teacher development, Hargreaves and Fullan (2012) pointed out that teachers’ professional collaboration will benefit not only students but also the whole school community, and even society at large. In Chinese context, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (2010) issued a policy in 2010 promoting teacher professional collaboration and development as a background of this study, implying that teachers must be collaborating actively with colleagues in daily professional life to achieve collective growth for the purpose of improving student learning.Based on the policy reality, this study explored teacher professional collaboration in the Chinese education context. It looked in particular at practices and issues in teacher professional collaboration. This article begins with the definitions of teacher professional collaboration, followed by a detailed exploration of this type of collaboration in Chinese education and issues related to its implementation. This study will provide holistic picture of teacher collaboration in China for contributing to theoretical development and educational practice.

In 2022, Chinese elderly population reached 297.8 million, accounting for 14.9% of the total population, indicating that China has entered an aging society. In response, the country has been actively developing strategies to cope with the aging population and expanding elderly education. However, there is a lack of research on senior education in China in Korea. In view of this need, the purpose of this study is to introduce the development process of Chinese elderly education to Korea and to enhance the understanding of elderly education between the two countries. The research questions are, first, to analyze the development process of elderly education in China, and second, to compare the development process of elderly education in Korea and China and suggest the future development direction of elderly education. The research methods used were literature survey and comparative study of elderly education between Korea and China. The results of the study showed that Korea has entered a period of full-scale expansion of lifelong education for the elderly, with Article 20(3) of the Lifelong Education Act of 2023 stipulating the establishment of lifelong education facilities for the elderly. The strength of Chinese elderly education is its emphasis on promoting rural elderly education, centered on the National University for the third Age, and strengthening vocational education for the elderly. In conclusion, the future development direction of elderly education is to establish a system of guaranteeing opportunities for elderly education through a cooperative system of public and private citizens, foster a model of elderly education based on national universities to discover an ideal model of elderly education, develop courses for elderly education based on regional characteristics, and develop and spread high-quality online education.

Under the background of the continuous improvement of the education level in China and the comprehensive and in-depth education reform, the society has been paying more attention to education. Focusing on the reform of education methods is not only essential to promoting the high-quality development of China’s education, but also the inevitable prerequisite for establishing a high-quality education system. It is an effective way to build an educated country, and the guide to which directs the implementation of modern education. Therefore, this study takes the construction of a high-quality elementary education system as the background and considers effective strategies for the reform of education methods, so as to lay a solid foundation for improving China’s education level.

The improvement of the quality of labor is a fundamental element in promoting national economic development, and the value created by high-level human capital will continue to be demonstrated in the rapid development of society. According to the relevant provisions of human capital theory, the impact of human capital on regional economic growth is mainly considered from two aspects: the "quantity" and "quality" of human capital. According to relevant empirical results, there is a strong autocorrelation between higher education investment and advanced human capital in geographical space. The direct and indirect spillovers of technological innovation effects in advanced human capital can both promote economic growth. Therefore, many educators, economists, and others view the country's financial investment in education as an endogenous variable for regional or even national economic development. In the following research, the author takes the economic convergence of the eastern, central, and western regions of China as the starting point to explore the relationship between higher education investment, human capital structure, and regional economic growth, and to study the internal relationship between higher education and regional economy.

460 Background: Gender and geographic disparities in academic medicine, along with conflict of interest in medical education, necessitate examination for promoting equity and inclusivity in hematology and oncology education. This study presents the first analysis of authors' gender, authorship country diversity, and conflict of interest status in the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH) educational books. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on articles from ASCO, encompassing all volumes from 2012 up to 2022 and ASH educational books including all volumes from 2000 up to 2022. Author information was obtained from the ASCO and ASH educational book websites. Results: The analysis encompassed 2,784 articles. Females accounted for 44.2% of first authors and 37.6% of last authors in ASCO educational books, as well as 38.8% of first authors and 38.5% of last authors in ASH educational books. Among educational articles, the lowest female participation was in articles discussing colorectal cancer (26.7%), followed by global health (28.0%) and tumor biology (31.0%). The number of females first and last authors in ASCO and ASH educational articles increased significantly over time (p < 0.001). The presence of international authors in articles remained relatively stable. Among articles with international female first authors, Canada had the highest proportion (24.4%), followed by the UK (18.4%) and Italy (11.0%). Similarly, for international female last authors, Canada ranked highest (26.2%), followed by the UK (20.5%) and Italy (12.0%). Repeated authorship roles along with diversity of authorship institutions will be further investigated. Of the articles analyzed, 59.6% reported at least one author with a conflict of interest, while 26.7% reported no conflict of interest for any author. Information on conflict of interest was not provided in 13.7% of the articles. Research funding was the most common type of conflict of interest (47.7%), followed by honoraria (33.4%) and travel accommodations and expenses (15.8%). The prevalence of conflicts of interest increased slightly over time, but not significantly. Conclusions: Our study suggests that female authorship has increased significantly over time. International authorship remained stable, with Canada having the highest proportion. To build on this positive momentum, it is essential to continue our efforts in further increasing female representation, promoting transparency in conflict-of-interest reporting, and mitigating potential biases in medical education.

Abstract The advent of transformative technologies, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a natural language processing tool, significantly impacts the future of education, society, and the economy. Drawing on the theory of knowledge socialism and public goods, this paper critically examines the potential impact of ChatGPT in the context of China’s high-tech development and higher education. We believe these technologies resonate with the principles of knowledge socialism by promoting decentralization, openness, and collective intelligence and are poised to reshape the education sector and beyond. The non-competitive and non-exclusive nature of ChatGPT makes it a public good with significant social benefits. In the educational domain, it has the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning by providing students with convenient, personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback, and multilingual support. However, despite its benefits, educators, and users must work to overcome its limitations, such as limited expertise, language understanding, reasoning skills, and potential risks associated with privacy, security, and misinformation. This article discusses the need to prepare students for a future heavily impacted by ai, which requires a reassessment of digital literacy and competencies. Doing so would require leveraging ai tools and promoting human-centered approaches, developing higher-order thinking skills, emphasizing emotional education, and teaching academic ethics. In addition, introducing ai tools like ChatGPT in higher education requires regulation to prevent plagiarism and improve independent problem-solving. This paper further explores the impact of ChatGPT on China’s technological development. The global attention attracted by ChatGPT has stimulated the growth of the ai industry and prompted the emergence of domestic products and applications in countries such as China. It is critical to harmonize the enforcement of competition laws and capitalize on the contributions of sizable enterprises in the realm of technological innovation and research.

Based on data from China Education Panel Survey, this article examined the impact of teacher gender on student human capital development at the junior secondary education level. The research findings showed that female teachers were more capable of promoting cognitive and non-cognitive ability development of both girl and boy students than their male counterparts; and that student cognitive and non-cognitive performance was significantly and negatively related to the increase in the percentages of male teachers in the class and school.

With the changes of the times, China has made remarkable achievements in economic, political, social, cultural, and education can improve the comprehensive quality of the people, enhancing the country’s comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness effect. China has importance to education, and in recent years has increased its investment in education. Higher education undertakes important functions such as cultivating talents, scientific research, and serving the society. It is an indispensable part of the education system, and these are closely related to the teaching staff of colleges. The development of quality education is an inevitable choice to promote it, an important way to implement it with morality, and promoting it of national governance capabilities. At present, there are four major problems in quality education in colleges: the marginalization of status, fuzzy goals, segmentation of content, and isolation of development paths. It is important to study and explore new ideas and strategies for promoting quality education. Nowadays, colleges are no longer the “ivory towers” of the past, and the construction of college teachers has also undergone many changes compared with the past. The topics and discussions about college teachers are increasing day by day, and the problems and confusion exposed to them have also aroused the attention of the society. Young teachers are the fresh blood of college teachers and the future of our country. It is particularly meaningful to study and understand the current professional development of these groups. The research object is the young teachers in colleges. Through the literature research method, it analyzes the status of the professional quality education in colleges, understands the problems existing in their professional development, analyzes the reasons, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It helps for the career development of the whole group of young teachers in colleges in order to improve the current situation, seek better development for young teachers in colleges, and also provide a reference for promoting quality education in colleges.

Solving environmental problems relies upon cultivating pro-environmental behavior in the society. While the internet has been widely used to facilitate information transmission and communication, it’s important to understand its function in promoting pro-environmental behavior. Using the data from the China General Social Survey 2013, the relationship between the use of internet and the individual’s pro-environmental behavior is investigated, and overall positive effects are found. The results show that, the influence of internet use is more pronounced on the private pro-environmental behavior when further dividing pro-environmental behavior into private and public types. Moreover, the positive effect of internet use on pro-environmental behavior is more pronounced among low-income and female groups, compared to middle to high income and male counterparts, respectively, when considering the heterogeneity across different groups of individuals. We further explore the plausible channels of providing information, encouraging participation in pro-environmental campaigns and improving social relationships through which internet use facilitates pro-environmental behavior.

Due to the late start and low level of modern home textile design in China, there are many problems in the development process, such as insufficient design creativity, serious plagiarism, insufficient differentiation, and lack of national characteristics. The fundamental reason is that China's home textile design education is backward. Through design education, a large number of home textile designers with professional quality have been trained, reshaping the understanding of society and colleges on home textile design, and thus improving the level of domestic textile design.In addition, textile design should also conform to the trend of social development. While improving the level of pattern design, it should integrate more comfortable emerging technology fabrics, and combine fashion with technology, thus promoting the innovative development of home textile design.

With the continuous development of Chinese society, under the policy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, more and more women have stepped into the workplace and participated in all aspects of senior leadership. Understanding how female leadership attributes affect business success can encourage more female employees to take up leadership roles. This essay intends to investigate the connection between firm performance in China and senior female leadership. Emphasis on Chinese background, this paper is trying to find out the difference between China and abroad and to find out the reason for those differences. According to related articles published at home and abroad. This paper uses keyword search when selecting papers. In addition, two keywords female leadership and corporate performance were searched. The findings indicate that, after 19 years, the effect of female leadership on business performance is primarily positive. This specific impact on corporate performance is related to the flexible management characteristic of female leadership.

With emerging engineering education becoming a new strategic direction of the higher engineering education reform in China, it is an important issue faced by colleges and universities to comprehensively improve their abilities of training talent, conducting scientific research and serving the society. Promoting industry-university-institute cooperation is a key measure for colleges and universities to keep up with the pace of higher education and socio-economic development. Colleges and universities need to improve the industry-university-institute cooperative talent training mechanism, and establish an industry-university-institute cooperative education system based on public technology service platforms, to promote the combination of technology and production through cooperative education based on their current situation of research, push forward the supply side reform of higher education, and provide human resources, technical support and industrial services for social development against the background of emerging engineering education. While enhancing their levels of scientific research and education, colleges and universities can promote social progress and help enterprises create economic benefits, to achieve win-win cooperation with all relevant parties in the society.

From the mid-19th to the early 20th century, China underwent significant transformations in women's education, greatly influenced by the decline of the Qing dynasty and the founding of the Republic of China. Historically, educational opportunities for women were limited predominantly to the elite. The onset of Western thought, introduced primarily by missionaries, played a pivotal role in reshaping the Chinese perspective towards women's education. The aftermath of the Opium War and the consequential Treaty of Tianjin in 1858 opened China to external influences, resulting in the establishment of numerous missionary girls' schools, marking the genesis of modern female education. By the early 20th century, accelerated by the diminishing Chinese sovereignty and catalyzed by the infusion of Western ideologies, women's higher educational institutions emerged. Concurrently, the Republic of China adopted laws promoting women's education. This paper delves into the Western influence on Chinese women's educational rights from 1840-1930, postulating that missionaries' efforts and Western ideologies were paramount to the evolving educational landscape. Primary sources, including government archives, prominent intellectuals' works, newspapers, and missionaries' memoirs, serve as the foundational evidence for this research.

The study aimed to identify the role of Saudi universities in promoting a culture of social coexistence in light of contemporary global experiences. A descriptive method was used. The sample consisted of the faculty members and students at the College of Education in the universities (King Saud - Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal- Umm Al-Qura): (248) faculty members and (332) male and female students. The results showed that the reality of the role of universities in promoting a culture of community coexistence from the perspective of university students came to a high degree with an arithmetic average of (3.84), and the results also showed that one of the means of promoting a culture of community coexistence in universities from the point of view of faculty members is to maintain security and stability of society, helping students to properly understand religion and the purposes of Sharia, and protecting students’ culture from the ideas of extremism. The results also showed that one of the obstacles facing universities when seeking to promote a culture of social coexistence is the lack of link between university curricula vocabulary and the culture of social coexistence and the inadequacy of the presentation of some faculty members for activities that help in promoting a culture of coexistence among students. The study recommended the necessity of educating male and female students about the importance of coexistence in building society, through seminars and open meetings organized by the university in the presence of specialists in that aspect.

In the era of new media, gender issues frequently appear in the public eye, and some highly educated female bloggers on social media platforms promote feminist education, while others still adhere to traditional gender norms. These female bloggers, who should symbolize independent women, are often conflicted and contradictory. This article aims to explore the causes of the psychological conflict of these highly educated female bloggers and to investigate the degree of attention and influence of female college students on them in contemporary society, in order to provide strategies for the development of feminism in new media era China. The study conducted a survey of female college students, focusing mainly on their degree of attention to gender issues and various female bloggers, their susceptibility to influence, and their gender concepts and perceptions of feminism. The study found that 52% of female college students follow both emotional bloggers and feminist bloggers. They learn about feminism while seeking advice from emotional bloggers, which also shows a sense of contradiction. The contradiction between highly educated women and female college students stems from a patriarchal society, in which women are in a disadvantaged position in social competition. Therefore, realizing true gender equality requires joint efforts from society, the media, and women themselves.

Universities play a crucial role in promoting sustainable agriculture and community food security. One indicator of a successful education system is the measurement of the quality of the education's output, such as the transfer of information, technology, and agricultural innovations to increase the agricultural productivity of a society and ensure its food security. Even if university students obtained the same information and abilities in lectures, many female students do not work after graduation because they marry and would rather care for their families than implement the knowledge they gained. They have a career in agriculture, but it is not their primary occupation since they support their family. Women as farmers have a substantial and vital impact on household food security. Women have a crucial part in attempts to supply food for the home.

Managing the health of migrants has become a crucial aspect of promoting social harmony and cohesion in China. This study investigates the impact of public health education on the health status of migrants in China using cross-sectional data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017. A total of 169,989 migrants in China were selected as samples for empirical test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and the structural equation model. The findings show that health education significantly influences the health status of migrants in China. Specifically, health education related to occupational diseases, venereal diseases/AIDS, and self-rescue in public emergencies had a significant positive impact on migrants’ health, while health education regarding chronic diseases had a significant negative impact. Health education delivered through lectures and bulletin boards had a significant positive impact on migrants’ health, but online education had a significant negative effect on the health status of migrants. The effects of health education differ by gender and age, with a stronger positive impact on female migrants and elderly migrants aged 60 and above. The mediating effect of health behaviors was significant only in the total effect. In conclusion, health education can effectively enhance the health status of migrants in China by modifying their health behaviors.

On 11 May 1917, the participants of the All-Russia Muslim Congress elected a woman, Mukhlisa Bubi, as a qāḍī (a Muslim judge) to the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Inner Russia and Siberia. Granting legal authority to a woman at a central religious institution was unprecedented in the Muslim world. This article explores how this election was possible in Russia and suggests that it was the outcome of several factors. First, Muslim women of the Volga-Ural region already occupied a well-established place in traditional Muslim education, and many women were part of the Islamic scholarly culture. Second, modernist (Jadīd) religious scholars and intellectuals had brought up the issue of women education and female schooling, and supported the formation of a network of young women who made new claims about women’s education, rights, and active public stance in serving the nation. Among these were Bubi’s brothers. Third, the Russian revolutionary atmosphere worked as a catalyst for promoting the claims of women activists and provided the Jadīds the opportunity to take over the authority at the Central Spiritual Administration. Finally, Mukhlisa’s election seems to be a compromise between conservative and feminist/liberal groups in the society, and seems to have therefore been acceptable to most male congress delegates.

Social support refers to the subjective and (or) objective influence of various social relationships on individuals, which has a certain influence on the negative emotions of the kidney transplant patients. But there are still significant differences among various studies, so we performed a meta-analysis to analyze the social support degree of kidney transplant recipients. This article searched and selected the relevant cross-sectional surveys from PubMed, Embase, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, and CBM databases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and used the STROBE list combined with the observational research quality evaluation tools of Sanderson to conduct the quality appraisal. The “meta” and “metaphor” packages of the R software version 3.5.1 were used for the meta-analysis. A total of 17 studies with 2697 patients were included. The total scores of the social support and objective support of the renal transplant patients were abundant after the operation, indicating that the economic, physical, and emotional supports from the family, society, and the official organization are accepted. But the subjective support and support utilization degree were general. The support utilization was different among different genders, and female patients were lower than the males. In particular, the female patients relatively presented autism and the social support utilization degree was low. Medical staffs are needed to join the family, hospital, and society to create favorable conditions and improve the social support system and the utilization degree of the social support, thereby promoting the physical and mental health development of the patients.

The development of society requires higher and higher quality of talents, and the demand for comprehensive literacy talents keeps rising. And using music aesthetic education as a means to continuously improve the music aesthetic quality of a new generation of young people and establish the concept of music aesthetics is an important entry point to improve the quality of all people. The teaching of music in primary and secondary schools should take aesthetic education as the core, and improve the quality of music teaching as the key, and gradually take correct art and music aesthetics as the way to learn, and apply the knowledge learned to life and their own improvement and development, so as to realize the beautiful ideal of harmonious and stable development of human society. This is the need for aesthetic education, and it is an issue that should be at the heart of the current situation. Aesthetic education is a cross-cutting discipline between art and education, and it plays an important role in building an education system for comprehensive training, forming a noble sentiment and a sound personality in students, and promoting the improvement of aesthetic ability in music.

At present, there is a significant difference between urban and rural education in China, which is not only reflected in the quality of education but also family education, education concept, family capital, allocation and utilization of educational resources, etc. Under the influence of various factors, the current situation of rural education is not optimistic, and the difference between rural education and urban education is even increasing. In addition to effectively promoting the development of rural education, achieving a balanced development of education and narrowing the gap in regional education is also conducive to achieving educational equity and harmonious development of education in the whole society. Starting from the current situation of the urban-rural education gap in China, this paper examines the impact of the urban-rural economic, cultural and policy gap, and proposes specific measures to reduce the gap. These include balancing the input of urban and rural education, enhancing rural education resources with the aid of information technology, and enacting government policies that support rural education.

China has a long history of agriculture. After the economy developed, coastal cities gradually developed. However, in the vast territory, there still exist some rural areas that rely on mainly agricultural production. The development of each place is not balanced. In this context, the urban-rural gap was created. This was accompanied by disparities in geographic location, industrial patterns, and population density. Those differences bring many imbalances. Education and gender equality have been several issues that have received strong attention from society. The question of whether there is greater gender inequality in the context of unequal educational resources comes out. This essay attempts to comprehend the disparity in educational opportunities between Chinese women living in rural and urban areas. Researchers define the problem related to economic development, some related system and policies, social factors, and so on. They find out that gender inequality in rural is more obvious and serious. It is influenced by economic differences, government support, family, culture, and so on. Also, there is a cycle between the problems and impacts. These economic issues, among others, lead to unequal access to education for women, and as a result, the economic gap is exacerbated. Therefore, more help should be invested in rural education resources. Some corresponding laws also need to be enacted or improved to help.

As global education reform continues to advance and the knowledge economy is booming, building a learning society has become an irresistible trend of social development. In this context, improving the professional development and literacy of college teachers will inevitably become a critical link and a significant force to promote the sustainable development of higher education, and it is an essential topic of higher education research in all countries in the world. This paper uses the approach of comparative research to study the historical evolution, connotation, and organization of teachers' professional development in Chinese and British universities. It found that the professional development of teachers in Chinese and British universities is macroscopically aimed at promoting the high-quality development of education and serving students and society. On the micro level, China pays attention to the integrity of the development of teachers in colleges and builds an education and training system from top to bottom, while in the UK, the government, professional organizations, and universities establish professional development institutions for teachers, which are independent and cooperative with each other; the financial support for teachers’ professional development in the UK is flexible and diverse, while in China, the government allocates funds directly; the UK actively carries out international academic exchanges and cooperation for teachers' professional development, formulating rules and sharing experiences, while China pays more attention to domestic exchanges and cooperation for teachers' professional development, with less participation in international contacts.

Abstract I discovered novel copper and silver carbonyl catalysts while at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The energy saving synthesis of tert-carboxylic acids was developed using the carbonylation reaction of olefins or alcohols using these novel copper or silver carbonyl catalysts under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. After retiring from the institute, I was involved in efforts to improve women’s status in natural science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. I worked for the gender equality committee of the Chemical Society of Japan and the Japan Inter-Society Liaison Association Committee for Promoting Equal Participation of Men and Women in Science and Engineering, which sent recommendations to the government on how to realize a society with gender equality. The government accepted our recommendations, and the numerical target for female researchers was written into the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan in 2006. Based on the plan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology started programs to aid universities in increasing the percentage of female researchers from 2006.

Equity and efficiency are two important issues in the development of human society, and educational equity and educational efficiency are the two major value objectives pursued by education. Based on this, this paper will compare and contrast the similarities and differences in the relationship between equity and efficiency in Chinese and American education policy texts in the 21st century with the help of word frequency analysis. China's education policy is also tilted towards equity, trying to break away from the policy ideology that focuses on efficiency. This article will summarize the experiences of both sides in the development of education, with a view to providing effective references for promoting equity and improving the efficiency and quality of education in China.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyse the role and implementation of nationalistic education in Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARs) since their respective handover of sovereignty to China in the late 1990s. Both SARs face the educational need to cultivate a Chinese national identification among the students after the sovereignty changes. While Macau SAR has enjoyed a relatively smooth implementation of nationalistic education towards which Macau’s schools and students are largely receptive to nationalistic programmes since its handover in 1999, Hong Kong SAR Government’s nationalistic education was met by reservation from some parents, students and civil society’s groups under allegations of “political indoctrination” and “brain-washing”. The Hong Kong civil society’s resistance to National Education culminated in the anti-Moral and National Education protest in Summer 2012 and then Hong Kong schools and society. This paper attempts to provide an overview and analysis on the development of nationalistic education in both Hong Kong and Macao SARs, and to give some possible explanations on the factors that lead to differences of perceiving and responding to the nationalistic education between both places. Design/methodology/approach After conducting a literature review, this study utilises different sources of data such as curriculum guidelines, previous studies and other scholarly findings in examining the development of civic education and national education policy in both SAR societies, as well as in discussing the possible developments of nationalistic education in both SARs by making references to previous studies of citizenship and nationalistic education. Findings This study found out that different relationships between the two SAR Governments and their respective civil society, the extent of established socio-political linkages with China, as well as the introduction of a core subject of Liberal Studies in Hong Kong secondary schools, which emphasises on multiple perspectives and critical thinking skills, are some plausible factors that explain different stories and developments of implementing nationalistic education in Hong Kong and Macao SARs. Research limitations/implications For giving suggestions for a nationalistic education in both Chinese SARs, first, there should be an exploration of multiple citizenship identities. This will allow people to choose their identities and thus facilitate their belongingness in terms of local, national and global dimensions. In addition, there should be an exploration of a Chinese national identification with different emphases such as knowledge orientation and critical thinking so as to cater for youth values. Promoting the idea of an informed and reasonable-in-thinking patriot could also be a way to ease the concern that building a national identity negates a person’s freedom of thinking. Originality/value This paper attempts to compare and analyse the different responses to the same policy of enhancing nationalistic education development in both Hong Kong and Macao SARs of China. Some plausible explanations were given based on political, social and educational factors, as well as youth value oritentations. This paper would be an attempt to show that a top-down single-minded orientated nationalistic education may not work well a society such as Hong Kong, where civil society and youth values are quite different than that can be found in China.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a detailed consideration of the cultural approach in the context of education, in particular, its implementation in educational programmes. Purpose. This research is to identify the differences in the influence of culture on the education systems of China and Kyrgyzstan and to develop recommendations for improving the work of the educational system. Methodology. The following methods were used: system analysis, logical analysis, method of comparison, synthesis, deduction, and method of classification. Results. The study results are presented in the research: attitudes to education in Kyrgyzstan and China are described, the main features of education in Kyrgyzstan and China from the cultural aspect are identified, the main features of Chinese and Kyrgyz pedagogical research in the cultural context are identified, the discourses of the reviewed studies are compared, the main differences and similarities in the cultural aspect of education between Kyrgyzstan and China are presented, the principles underlying the design and development of scientific and pedagogical knowledge are listed and analysed. Conclusions. The research highlights the importance of integrating cultural approaches into modern education, emphasizing the role of cultural heritage in shaping national identity, fostering multicultural competence, and promoting understanding and respect for diverse cultures, ultimately enriching educational experiences and societal development. Keywords: methodological approaches of teaching; national identity; recommendations for improvement; curricula; comparison of approaches; socio-cultural dynamics of society

Improving transportation sustainability serves as a means of reducing the perceived and real distance, thereby contributing to the city and higher education development. In this paper, the complexity of transport sustainability is measured via four different dimensions: economy, society, environment and politics. The variables are designed by the four dimensions. The higher education development is measured via the ratio of higher education degree holders, reflecting the skilled work mobility. Over the last 30 years, university students moving to cities for study and work purposes have become an important part of rural–urban transition mobility. However, few studies have explored the impacts of transportation sustainability on higher education development in China. The economic, environmental, social and political dimensions in transportation sustainability can boost China’s higher education attainment in different ways. Against this background, this study, drawing on the panel data and employing the spatial multilevel model, investigated the impacts of transportation sustainability on higher education in China, adding new empirical evidence for China’s higher education development. A panel analysis revealed that the increase in transportation sustainability induces the growth of higher education. Moreover, higher education attainment showed significant spatial dependence at the county level and had significant spatial clustering of county-level higher education attainment across provinces. Furthermore, modeled test results showed that the spatial multilevel model was more suitable for our study than traditional regression models. By identifying transport sustainability variables that have an effect on higher education, this study is the first to uncover the complexity of transportation sustainability and contributes to the latest policy implications for promoting higher education attainment through sustainable transportation.

In the process of future sustainable development, human society faces problems such as severe population load, economic transition, and a lack of educational measures. One of the root causes of these problems is the shortage of innovative talents. Therefore, how to cultivate learners with multidisciplinary integration and innovation ability is a key point that should be paid attention to when promoting the concept of quality education and coping with the future sustainable development process. This paper uses the questionnaire survey and literature analysis methods to analyze the development of many educational institutions with the Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) concept as the core in China since 2017. It is found that the existing STEAM educational institutions generally have the following problems: a lack of team composition, difficulty in independent research and development, single course content, and an insufficient validation of course effectiveness. In order to more effectively promote the sustainable development of China’s future course, STEAM education institutions should focus on strengthening the following development strategies: gradient team building, continuous independent research and development, cutting-edge projects, mechanisms of curriculum transformation, and multi-angle course effectiveness verification.