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1
Kreashko, Robert G. „SELF-INTEREST VS. SOCIETAL GOOD“. Journal of the American Dental Association 130, Nr. 11 (November 1999): 1557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0083.
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Syvertsen, Trine, Karen Donders, Gunn Enli und Tim Raats. „Media disruption and the public interest“. Nordic Journal of Media Studies 1, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njms-2019-0002.
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AbstractDigitization, new entrants and the disruption of business models prompt concern about the media’s societal mission. The article investigates how media managers conceptualize societal responsibility in an era of turmoil. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with executive managers of private media companies in Norway and Flanders, the study reveals important differences in the definition of the public interest. While Flemish media managers emphasize brand value, Norwegian managers emphasize societal values, such as educating the public. When comparing managers of traditional and newer companies, a third, more straightforward market logic is also elicited, illuminating the vulnerability of traditional values.
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Funk, Carolyn L. „The Dual Influence of Self-Interest and Societal Interest in Public Opinion“. Political Research Quarterly 53, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/449245.
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Funk, Carolyn L. „The Dual Influence of Self-Interest and Societal Interest in Public Opinion“. Political Research Quarterly 53, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591290005300102.
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Hunter, Kennith G., Laura Ann Wilson und Gregory G. Brunk. „Societal Complexity and Interest-Group Lobbying in the American States“. Journal of Politics 53, Nr. 2 (Mai 1991): 488–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2131769.
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O’Regan, Philip, und Sheila Killian. „‘Professionals who understand’: Expertise, public interest and societal risk governance“. Accounting, Organizations and Society 39, Nr. 8 (November 2014): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2014.07.004.
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Mikulyuk, Ashley B., und Jomills H. Braddock. „K-12 School Diversity and Social Cohesion: Evidence in Support of a Compelling State Interest“. Education and Urban Society 50, Nr. 1 (23.11.2016): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124516678045.
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Despite existing research that demonstrates the benefits of racial diversity in education, the Court has become increasingly disinclined to allow the use of race or ethnicity in education policy targeted to increase race/ethnic diversity, absent a compelling state interest. The debate over the merits of educational diversity has almost exclusively focused on individual-level outcomes, ignoring consequences for society at large. We argue that this restricted conception of the goals of diversity may limit our understanding of how diverse learning opportunities represent compelling societal interests. Using macro-level data of 29 U.S. metropolitan areas, we examine the societal impact of K-12 diversity on an important societal attribute, intergroup social cohesion. This research has the potential to inform education policy and judicial sentiment about diversity as a compelling state interest in an increasingly diverse society.
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Kim, Il-hwan, und Do-gil Lee. „Trends of Societal Interest of ‘Hangeul’ Based on Newspaper Big Data“. HAN-GEUL 316 (30.06.2017): 121–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2017.06.316.121.
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Gornitzka, Åse, und Ulf Sverdrup. „Societal Inclusion in Expert Venues: Participation of Interest Groups and Business in the European Commission Expert Groups“. Politics and Governance 3, Nr. 1 (31.03.2015): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i1.130.
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The elaborate system of expert groups that the European Commission organises is a key feature of EU everyday governance and also a potential channel of societal involvement in EU policy making. This article examines the patterns of participation in the expert group system of a broad set of societal actors—NGOs, social partners/unions, consumer organisations, and business/enterprise. The analysis is based on a large-N study of Commission expert groups. Taking on an “executive politics” perspective, we identify main patterns of participation and analyse organisational factors that affect the inclusion of societal actors in the expert group system. We find that such actors are strongly involved in this system. Yet, there is a striking heterogeneity in the extent to which the Commission’s administrative units include societal groups as experts in the policy process. The logics that underpin the inclusion of business organisations are not identical to the logics of inclusion applied to social partners and NGOs. The Commission as the core supranational executive is thus selectively open for societal involvement in its expert groups system, and this bureaucratic openness is patterned, clustered, and conditioned by structural factors that affect how the Commission as a multi-organisation operates.
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Ribeiro, José Mendes. „Governance mechanisms, societal institutions, and State bureaucracy: concerns over societal institutions and governmental porosity“. Saúde em Debate 46, spe4 (November 2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e405i.
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ABSTRACT This essay discusses participative governance mechanisms in the public sector grounded on theories of civil liberties, dialogical democracies, patterns of state bureaucracies, and public governance reforms. We aimed to analyze the effects of these issues on political agendas and public and participative governance alternatives in Brazil, emphasizing conflicts among rulers, politicians, civil servants, interest groups, and advocacy coalitions in dispute in decision-making processes. The article signals a hybrid nature of the Brazilian democracy in which Weberian universalism and rules of Welfare State institutions inscribed in the 1988 constitutional matrix operate through competition between two other logic streams – strata inheritance of state bureaucracy on the one hand and initiatives in favor of horizontal and participative governance on the other. The dynamic contradictions among these four issues will define the pattern of current competition for State apparatus.
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Rūse, Ilze. „Civil Society Participation in Advocating Interests on EU Legislation“. East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, Nr. 1 (05.05.2015): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415581880.
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The article analyzes the activity of non-governmental actors in Latvia in advocating their interests on national and European Union legislative proposals. The findings draw on primary data gained from 122 responses from interest organizations in Latvia in an online survey. Despite the large number of societal actors (thirteen thousand registered organizations), the interest group population in Latvia consists of small and financially underequipped NGOs. Their lobbying activities are characterized by predominantly influencing domestic authorities, that is, national route strategies, although there is some variation across the types of interest groups.
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Karlsson, David, Sören Holmberg und Lennart Weibull. „Solidarity or self-interest? Public opinion in relation to alcohol policies in Sweden“. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, Nr. 2 (27.02.2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520904644.
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Aim: The aim of this article is to study how people sometimes accept policies that could in a narrow sense be seen as in conflict with their own self-interest. Design: The study is based on survey data relating to public opinion on alcohol policy in Sweden targeted at people aged 16–85 years 2016–2017. Among the 3400 people questioned, the response rate was 52%. Results: The results show that people’s perception of the problematic societal consequences of alcohol, in combination with ideological norms regarding the responsibility of individuals, is much more important in explaining public opinion than self-interest factors. It is the view that there is a problem at the societal level, rather than at the personal level, that is most essential for explaining opinions on alcohol restrictions. General knowledge of alcohol-related matters has some effect, whereas personal experiences of close affiliates excessive drinking does not seem to color the opinions expressed. Conclusion: Support for restrictive alcohol policies in Swedish public opinion is mainly founded on norms of solidarity and astute problem analyses at the societal level, and to a much lesser extent on egoism and personal experiences.
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Isanbor, Philip Osarobu. „Fletcher’s Situation Ethics for Societal Moral Order“. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 15, Nr. 2 (16.06.2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.62865/bjbio.v14i2.63.
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Situation ethics is aimed at regulating human actions and values based on the prevailing and forcible circumstances that may determine what should be valued as morals, Such “ethics of living” is necessary for the sake of the common or greater good. In most cases, the situations determine the survival of a greater number of persons, irrespective of the nature of causality that may be impeded. With situation ethics, Fletcher advocates that a human person is an agent of a conscious being. These human actions in society cannot be free from moral implications when the sense of common goodness prevails. Adopting expository and descriptive methods of inquiry, the essay examines Fletcher’s situation ethics in relation to the possibilities of moral order in our world that has been bedeviled by erotic and erratic actions, ideologies, interests, and values without meaningful responsibility that can guarantee authentic and integral living. The paper highlights the moral thrusts for one’s actions and choices not to be judged or evaluated at face value, but to consider the possible rationality based on the situations in which actions are expressed and choices are made. The objective of the paper is hinged on the indispensability of one’s situation as a conscientious determinant of one’s moral responsibility and interest. The paper concludes that Fletcher’s situation ethics will remain ever relevant in the face of other ethical theories, principles, movementsor ideologies, as it can lead the human persons and their world to an enduring possibility of peace and tranquility, and then, guarantees the sustainability of moral order when the principle of love and care is generally adopted to regulate the contents of human freedom and conscience.
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Hoeffler, Steve, und Kevin Lane Keller. „Building Brand Equity through Corporate Societal Marketing“. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, Nr. 1 (April 2002): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.1.78.17600.
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Marketers have shown increasing interest in the use of corporate societal marketing (CSM) programs. In this article, the authors describe six means by which CSM programs can build brand equity: (1) building brand awareness, (2) enhancing brand image, (3) establishing brand credibility, (4) evoking brand feelings, (5) creating a sense of brand community, and (6) eliciting brand engagement. The authors also address three key questions revolving around how CSM programs have their effects, which cause the firm should choose, and how CSM programs should be branded. The authors offer a series of research propositions throughout and conclude by outlining a set of potential future research directions.
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Yoo, Euisun. „Legal regulation of fake news - Focusing on the protection of societal legal interest -“. Journal of Media Law, Ethics and Policy Research 17, Nr. 2 (31.08.2018): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26542/jml.2018.8.17.2.39.
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Rai, Puneet, und S. Manjunath. „The Rising Interest in Workplace Spirituality: Micro, Meso and Macro Perspectives“. Purushartha - A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality 13, Nr. 01 (25.05.2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/16201913104.
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This paper explores the reasons for emergence of the work-place spirituality from micro(individual employee level), meso (organizational level) and macro (societal level)perspective of human aggregation. At the micro or individual employee level increased job insecurity due to business process reengineering, downsizing, mergers and acquisitions, and outsourcing has motivated employees to search for the deeper meaning in life and work. The demise of traditional neighborhood and improved socio-economic conditions amongst younger employees has also led to contemplation on purpose of life and work at the individual employee level. Scholars argue that the organizational leaders need to create organisational climate to facilitate employees' experiences of spirituality at work. They suggest that spiritual climate build around core spiritual values would result in deeper employee engagement and thus, it will increase organizational strength and competitive energy. The interest in workplace spirituality at societal level could be attributed to the deteriorating ecological conditions and social problems due to rapid industrial growth.The paper also discusses the challenges in wider adoption of workplace spirituality in the commercial organisations and how it could be addressed.
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Therien, Denis A. B., Danielle M. McRae, Claire Mangeney, Nordin Félidj und François Lagugné-Labarthet. „Three-color plasmon-mediated reduction of diazonium salts over metasurfaces“. Nanoscale Advances 3, Nr. 9 (2021): 2501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00862a.
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Surface plasmon-mediated chemical reactions are of great interest for a variety of applications ranging from micro- and nanoscale device fabrication to chemical reactions of societal interest for hydrogen production or carbon reduction.
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Tolhurst, Edward. „The burgeoning interest in young onset dementia: redressing the balance or reinforcing ageism?“ International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 10, Nr. 2 (08.09.2016): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.16302.
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Critical evaluation is undertaken of social scientific conceptualisations of dementia in relation to ageing. In response to the societal tendency to associate dementia with old age, there is a growing body of literature that seeks to explicate the particular challenges faced by younger people with the condition. While recognition of the distinctive impacts presented by dementia at different ages is crucial, an age-related conceptual model that focuses on a lifecourse divide at age 65 is problematic: it promulgates a sense that younger people with dementia have ‘‘unique’’ experiences, while dementia for older people is typical. This also reflects a societal ageism, under which concerns are focused on those situated within ‘‘productive adulthood.’’ Moreover, a straightforward chronological marker cannot adequately represent a social world shaped by significant demographic changes. A more textured appreciation of ageing and dementia is required to help articulate how distinctive experiences emerge across the lifecourse.
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Lyngved, Ragnhild. „Learning about cloning: developing student knowledge and interest through an interactive, context-based approach“. Nordic Studies in Science Education 5, Nr. 2 (29.06.2012): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.347.
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Addressing controversial issues in the science classroom demands that students understand the societal aspects of scientific research. A context-based digital teaching unit, “Cloning plants”, was designed in order to introduce cloning. The present study analyses students’ learning outcomes and the development of their interest in biology from using the unit. The study was conducted among Norwegian biology students aged 17-18. A pretest and posttest design with individual questionnaires and group interviews was chosen. The study shows that use of the unit resulted in a more nuanced understanding of cloning and an increased interest in cloning. About 80% of the students reported that the realistic context had a positive impact on learning about cloning and 60% reported that they had learned more about scientific research and societal aspects of research on cloning. Students also reported that the context enhanced their interest in cloning.
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Ratamäki, Outi. „From Ecological Concerns Toward Solving Societal Problems?“ International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 4, Nr. 2 (April 2013): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2013040103.
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The wolf is an endangered species. Principles for the conservation of wolves have been agreed upon internationally through, for example, European Union instruments. However, international agreements and goals are often in opposition with needs and opinions at the national and, especially, local level. Differing cultural and practical perceptions have not been taken into account in the formulation of internationalising politics. Results of such ‘top-down’ politics include lack of respect and commitment at the local level. Ultimately, the wolf loses in this game. The article examines how wolf conservation and policy developed in Finland from the 1960s to the early 2000s. It will be shown how ecological concerns have been taken seriously in the design of the wolf policy while societal concerns have not gained similar interest or strategic planning.
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Kuratko, Donald F. „Different Entrepreneurial Ventures for Greater Societal Value“. Antitrust Bulletin 61, Nr. 4 (17.11.2016): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x16673949.
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Although the importance of entrepreneurship is evident and interest continues to grow, high-growth ventures tend to be featured because they produce a significant amount of job and wealth creation in the United States. Some have argued that the focus of public policy should be on these ventures, while others argue for a more diverse approach to effective public policy and entrepreneurship. This article offers a “portfolio approach” to public policy that focuses on the types of entrepreneurial ventures that demonstrate the epitome of competition and provide the greatest societal value. The types of ventures may be classified in terms of size (microenterprise, small/lifestyle, medium size, and gazelle) and growth rate (low, managed, or fast growth). Each type has different needs and makes unique contributions to the economic vitality and value of society.
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McAlexander, S. L., S. M. Noble, K. McCance, M. R. Blanchard und R. A. Venditti. „Measuring undergraduate students’ beliefs about and career interest in bioproducts and bioenergy“. BioResources 16, Nr. 3 (25.06.2021): 5679–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5679-5693.
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Two survey instruments measuring undergraduate students’ beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy and related careers were developed and validated in this research study. The Beliefs about Bioproducts/Bioenergy (BABB) and Career Interest in Bioproducts/Bioenergy (CIBB) surveys were administered to undergraduate students enrolled in courses in a natural resources college. BABB (N = 168) and CIBB (N = 203) survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Validity and reliability were demonstrated. The BABB has two related scales, Personal (P) and Societal (S), which can be used together or separately. ANOVA and t-test analyses determined that students with majors closely related to bioproducts/bioenergy held significantly more positive personal and societal beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy, as well as related career interests. Differences were identified based on gender, but not by race/ethnicity. Measuring student beliefs about bioproducts/bioenergy and interest in related careers may help to gauge trends and changes in beliefs that influence environmentally-related choices and support efforts to prepare a diverse workforce for the bioeconomy. The authors recommend the use of these surveys to measure the impacts of academic and professional development experiences.
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Staniūnas, Eugenijus. „VIEŠOJO INTERESO APIBRĖŽIMO LIETUVOS URBANISTINĖJE PLĖTROJE KLAUSIMU/ON DEFINITION OF PUBLIC INTEREST IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF LITHUANIA“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 32, Nr. 4 (31.12.2008): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2008.32.248-257.
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The word “public“ has two meanings in the Lithuanian language. It means “useful for society“ and “overt“ (“nonsecret“). Double-edged meaning of the category is not acceptable in the sphere of practical urban development, where decisions mean the distribution of goods among individuals as well as the distribution of goods among individuals and overall. In general it is not clear whether the development of the city should be only overt or whether it has also something to do with the interest of society, with the interest of the entire population of the city. The language peculiarities require a special approach of the legal system to the term. The Lithuanian legal system makes not very much in this direction, may be rather on the contrary it makes the term “public interest“ even more misty. The Lithuanian Constitution mentions societal interest (requires to support useful for society economic activity), however, neither the Constitution nor the Law on Territory Planning describe what the category “society use“ (societal interest) means. The Law does not see the diference a person and the entirety of city population. It says that the term “public“ (“society“) means one as well as more natural or legal persons. This situation has many sequences: the main question of the social system of the state is not clear; the basis of the mission of urban planning is not clear too; the principle of distribution of goods in urban development is not declared; the question of a legal goods distribution can hardly even be raised. The idea of a more precise legal definition of the term “public interest“ is raised in the paper. The author thinks that the formula “public goods are goods that cannot be produced by an individual“ can be a good basis for elaborating a legal definition of the category “public interest“. It allows to divide clearly and logically overall and individual goods. It allows to see what concrete development proposals are useful for. It allows to show the logical place of urban planning in general: public interest in urban development should be the production of goods that cannot be produced by separate citizens; this production should also be accepted as the mission of urban planning. Santrauka Nagrinėjamas viešojo (visuomenės) intereso apibrėžimo ir jo sąsajų su teritorine plėtra klausimas. Apie visuomenės interesus užsiminta Lietuvos Konstitucijoje, tačiau kas tai yra konkrečiau, Lietuvos įstatymuose nepaaiškinta. Neapibrėžus šios kategorijos, praktiškai neįmanoma išspręsti esminio valstybei – jos socialinės sistemos klausimo, t. y. konkretizuoti visuomenės ir individo santykių principo (nors jis apytikriai ir paaiškintas pagrindiniame šalies įstatyme). Rezultatas yra tas, kad gyvenimo praktikoje (taip pat ir teritorinėje plėtroje) realizuojama galbūt nuo Konstitucijos atitrūkusi ir nežinia kokia valstybės idėja. Straipsnyje siūloma šią spragą užpildyti ir analizuojama, kaip tai būtų galima padaryti.
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Hellegers, Petra, und Gerardo van Halsema. „Weighing economic values against societal needs: questioning the roles of valuing water in practice“. Water Policy 21, Nr. 3 (29.03.2019): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.048.
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Abstract The increasing policy interest in valuing water raises questions about practical roles or applications. Is valuing water intended, for example, to inform public policy and businesses, guide resource allocation, support a multi-stakeholder process, manage conflicts of interest, or to inform realistic pricing systems and support investment decisions? Decisions affecting water often fail, however, to consider ecosystem needs and social objectives and impacts in other geographical areas. This paper reflects on the essence of valuing water in practice. The paper concludes that in practice, valuing water is indeed useful in decision-making, not solely in the sense of it contributing to the value determination (as values are typically disputed, partial, incommensurable and imperfect), but more in offering a structured and transparent mechanism that supports an inclusive stakeholder water resources management process. Water valuation can play a key role in making explicit the trade-offs intrinsic to decision-making and priority setting, especially when it concerns societal needs such as food security and stability, which are not revealed in the marketplace. As such, valuing water may be a key tool in water diplomacy, whereby its value lies not so much in its numerical assessment as in the process it offers to engage stakeholders across different perspectives and interests in water use.
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Marzano, Gilberto. „Crowd-based applications and societal challenges“. JAHR 11, Nr. 1 (2020): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.11.1.13.
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The spread of mobile technology and ubiquitous connectivity have opened great possibilities for the implementation of applications that leverage data generated by normal users’ interactions on the web. As a consequence, there is a growing interest in crowd-based applications, namely those programs that involve people in a participatory or opportunistic way. In many cases, data can be gathered automatically without user intervention and, in some cases, even without their explicit knowledge. The possibility to elude a users’ awareness fosters concerns regarding the potential risks hidden inside crowd-based applications. These applications might compromise the privacy of citizens, whilst data collected by them might be used to manipulate people’s opinions. The governance of technology is a controversial area, and there is a wide array of different positions on the matter. There are those who dogmatically argue the positive value of technology, while others interpret the ongoing digital advancements as a dystopian menace. This article focuses on crowd-based applications, highlighting some societal challenges and risks that they may present. Technology runs so fast that it is challenging to keep pace with the changes brought by the digital revolution. However, an effort is required to extend the depth of digital knowledge of citizens and involve them in the use of the new technologies, and in this endeavor, greater knowledge is an essential step in any critical process.
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Vasconcelos, S. M. R., M. C. Cassimiro, M. F. M. Martins und M. Palácios. „Addressing conflicts of interest in the research paper: a societal demand in contemporary science?“ Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 46, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2013): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20133338.
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Funk, Carolyn L. „Practicing What We Preach? The Influence of a Societal Interest Value on Civic Engagement“. Political Psychology 19, Nr. 3 (September 1998): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895x.00120.
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Fischer, Charles C. „The differential impact of inflation on key societal interest groups and public policy implications“. Journal of Economic Psychology 7, Nr. 3 (September 1986): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(86)90027-9.
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Nino, Nino, Marika Marika und Lia Lia. „Individual, Vocational, and Societal Dimensions of Relevance of Science Education“. Science Education International 35, Nr. 1 (31.03.2024): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33828/sei.v35.i1.5.
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The relevance of science education and its individual, societal, and vocational dimensions is important issues for the modern learning and teaching process in many countries. These dimensions are considered based on the data obtained from 1541 Georgian students. The study was conducted within the frames of the international ROSES project. The structure analysis of the ROSES questionnaire was conducted to define scales and individual items, which then were processed accordingly and relevant conclusions were drawn. The study findings reveal that Georgian students from basic and secondary schools demonstrate motivation and interest in learning science, participate in extracurricular activities, use social media for study aims, are concerned about environmental problems, and consider science classes interesting. However, the levels of interest, motivation, and positive attitudes are not high and the correlations between them are weak. The study shows that the vocational and societal dimensions of the relevance of science education are relatively better represented in our sample, but the individual dimension lags behind. Both structural and content findings might serve educators from similar contexts.
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Xu, Jingwei, Zhengmin Li und Siyu Li. „Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility in the Legal Profession“. SHS Web of Conferences 190 (2024): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419002006.
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This article delves into the critical importance of legal ethics and professional responsibility in the legal profession, emphasizing their role in upholding justice and societal trust. Legal ethics provide a comprehensive framework for lawyers to maintain professionalism, integrity, and competence. Integrity requires honesty and transparency, while competence demands continuous learning to navigate evolving legal landscapes. Lawyers also have a duty to maintain client confidentiality and avoid conflicts of interest. Professional responsibility extends beyond individual cases, encompassing obligations to clients, the courts, and society. Lawyers must act in their clients’ best interests and uphold the integrity of the legal system. Additionally, they play a role in promoting access to justice and the rule of law. Challenges brought by technology, globalization, and shifting societal norms require lawyers to adapt while preserving core ethical values. Continuous education and robust regulatory frameworks are vital for ensuring adherence to ethical standards and professional responsibilities. The legal profession’s ability to evolve and uphold these principles is crucial for its continued role in safeguarding justice and societal trust.
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Simons-Morton, Bruce. „Health Behavior in Ecological Context“. Health Education & Behavior 40, Nr. 1 (07.11.2012): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198112464494.
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Health is best understood within an ecological context. Accordingly, health promotion involves processes that foster supportive environments and healthful behavior. Thus, effective health promotion programs are typically multilevel, focusing not only on the population at risk but also on the environmental conditions that contribute so importantly to health and health behavior. Health behavior is important at each societal level. Arguably, accomplishment of health promotion goals at each societal level requires changes in the behavior of those who control or influence the health outcomes of interest. Recognition of three distinct types of health behavior can guide multilevel health promotion program planning. Personal-health behavior affects the health of the person who engages in that behavior. Health-related behavior includes actions taken by proximal others that directly affect the health of others, although usually not purposefully. Health-protective behavior is undertaken purposefully to foster the health of others. Regardless of the outcome of interest or societal level, similar health promotion processes can be employed to alter health behavior.
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Kucheriavenko, Mykola, und Artem Kotenko. „The Problem of Balancing the Size of Sanctions in Achieving a Balance of Interests (Using the Example of Customs Duties)“. Problems of legality, Nr. 162 (29.09.2023): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.162.286413.
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The relevance of the proposed research, both from theoretical and practical perspectives, lies in addressing the issue of the relationship between the magnitude of sanctions concerning the balance between public and private interests. The main objective of this study is to explore optimal approaches to address issues related to imposing penalties for violations of customs regulations. The results of this research could enhance control procedures and facilitate a balanced determination of penalty sizes in customs law while considering public interest and property rights protection. The study is based on the application of various scientific methods, such as dialectical analysis and synthesis, structural-functional approach, formal-legal and formal-logical analysis, comparative-legal approach, among others. It encompasses an examination of the interplay between public and private interests, as well as an analysis of the system of public interest and potential conflicts arising during the formation of public funds. The research investigates the nature of compulsory payments, such as taxes, fees, and customs duties, illustrated through the example of customs payments. Additionally, it sheds light on issues of administrative liability for customs violations, emphasizing the significance of adhering to specific time criteria when making customs payments and the consequences for the state if these criteria are not met. Furthermore, the study explores the interrelation between material and procedural impact on regulating the behavior of the participants involved in the relationships, emphasizing that these two aspects cannot be separated. It also affirms that the state has the sovereign right to establish taxes, fees, and other payments within its territory to fulfill its functions and meet societal needs. Moreover, the research examines the relationships among various interest groups of participants, such as societal interest, state interest, territorial community interest, government entities, and obligated individuals, while also discerning the division of these interests into disproportionate groups and their interconnectedness. Overall, the research holds significant importance in understanding the issues and prospects within the domain of customs law and administrative responsibility. The findings have the potential to contribute to the improvement of legislation and control procedures, fostering the development of a transparent and efficient legal system capable of safeguarding the interests of all parties involved, including society, the state, and private individuals.
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Åslund, Anna, und Ingela Bäckström. „Management processes and management’s role in customer value creation“. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (19.06.2017): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-11-2015-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study management processes within successful societal entrepreneurship to further understand the role of management in customer value creation. Design/methodology/approach Management in three successful societal entrepreneurship initiatives has been studied. Data have been collected through interviews, direct observation, participant observation and documentation. Management tasks, activities and behaviours have been identified and analysed from a system view. Findings The result presents essential management processes important for societal customer value creation, their input, output and main focus. Some management processes are inter-related and are sometimes part of another management process. The management seems driven by “need”, “opportunity”, “interest” and “demand”, when creating societal customer value. From a system perspective, management has an indirect role in societal customer value creation and is important for possibilities to create societal customer value. Both the initiative and the surroundings have been found to be of importance to the management’s scope for contributing to societal customer value creation. Originality/value The study provides the possibility to understand and learn from management, the management processes and their role in societal customer value creation. Thereby, it describes how to successfully provide customer value to society and work with societal, environmental and sustainability issues.
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Cahayani, Ica, Sheila Shafira Mahsyar und Oddie Bagus Saputra. „Societal Interest in The Policy Making Process: Study of Singapore’s Political Institutions Under Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong“. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 16, Nr. 1 (13.07.2023): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v16i1.37716.
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This study will discuss the mainstreaming of public interest in economic policy making under the government of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP). Policy making, especially in making political-economic policies, is very unified and interesting, namely the public choice method, where the government or policy-making actors collect ideas that are used as national and international political economy policies based on the interests of the community through interaction with the political institutions of the People’s Action Party as a party that has been in power in Singapore since 1959. Multiracial political policies provide a change in perspective on the differences between the minority and the majority in making economic policies that tend to have no differences or barriers. The method used in this detailed study uses a systematic literature review. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The results show that the mainstreaming of public interest in Singapore’s economic policy making has a positive impact on the Singaporean economy. Significant economic growth is supported by the development of good public education. Keywords: Society Interest; Political Institution; Economic Policy; People’s Action Party
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Bier, Lindsey M., Sejin Park und Michael J. Palenchar. „Framing the flight MH370 mystery: A content analysis of Malaysian, Chinese, and U.S. media“. International Communication Gazette 80, Nr. 2 (16.05.2017): 158–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517707440.
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This study analyzes frames related to the flight MH370 disappearance in Malaysian (N = 93), Chinese (N = 155), and U.S. (N = 150) newspapers. The results provide insight about media orientations in an international crisis, particularly regarding national interests and international citizenship. Attribution of responsibility is the dominant frame; secondary frames vary among conflict and human-interest frames, demonstrating that attribution of responsibility is the most important frame even with unknown controllability and ambiguous intentionality. Results also demonstrate significant differences in national interest frames and in the roles in the societal evaluation of risk. This study contextualizes the results in media systems, diplomatic relations, and cultures.
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Rosenqvist, Tanja. „Redirecting a Scattered Public Toward Alternative Matters of Concern: Shifting Perceptions of Urban Wastewater Governance in Indonesia“. Design Issues 34, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00511.
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Designers can and already do play an important role in supporting publics as they are coming into being and to help clarify and express the publics’ interests. The coming into being of a public, however, does not guarantee it acts in its own best interest or in the best interest of the common good. Publics’ existing matters-of-concern might, as demonstrated in this article, be influenced by deeply engrained societal norms and values, or even fear for demonstrating other concerns. What is the role of the designer in such situations? In this article I suggest designers can engage in redirecting publics towards alternative matters-of-concern.
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Baporikar, Neeta. „Societal Influence on the Cognitive Aspects of Entrepreneurship“. International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 2, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2015100101.
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Social history in last century has witnessed a transformation not experienced in any period before. How people are affected - what sort of characteristics individuals have – how they try to handle situation is multi-perspective. Understanding inter-societal and interpersonal relationship systems that are based on fluctuation and competition issues have been studied thoroughly. But, the role of entrepreneurship in dealing with competition has drawn researchers' extensive interest of late. Entrepreneurship is associated with the fields of administration, business, management and economics. However, in reality it is multi and interdisciplinary, with psychology having a bearing on the growth of entrepreneurship concept as is used with the broader meaning today. Through grounded research and content analysis, the core of this paper is to sketch out and understand how societal influence affects the cognitive aspects of entrepreneurship.
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Carr, G., A. R. Blanch, A. P. Blaschke, R. Brouwer, C. Bucher, A. H. Farnleitner, A. Fürnkranz-Prskawetz et al. „Emerging outcomes from a cross-disciplinary doctoral programme on water resource systems“. Water Policy 19, Nr. 3 (27.01.2017): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.054.
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Interdisciplinary research and education programmes in water science are intended to produce groundbreaking research, often with an emphasis on societal relevance, and prepare future water resource experts to work across disciplines. This paper explores the emerging outcomes from an ongoing doctoral programme currently in its seventh year. Within the programme, there is both cross-disciplinary and mono-disciplinary research. Three questions are explored: (i) whether cross-disciplinary research leads to more innovative scientific findings than mono-disciplinary research, (ii) whether cross-disciplinary researchers develop professional skills that benefit their future careers, and (iii) whether cross-disciplinary research produces findings of greater societal relevance than mono-disciplinary research. Various indicators are used to measure research and education outcomes. Analysis of journal impact factors and citation rates of Institute of Scientific Information indexed publications suggests that cross-disciplinary research findings are more innovative. Comparison between graduate research profile and their career destinations suggests that researchers who learn to work across the disciplines continue to work this way in their post-doctoral positions. Analysis of media interest in research findings or their impact on policy suggests that both types of research are of societal value, but researchers often expand their understanding of a societal interest topic by bringing in new research fields.
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Huiracocha, Lourdes, Carlos Almeida, Karina Huiracocha, Jorge Arteaga, Andrea Arteaga und Stuart Blume. „Parenting children with Down syndrome: Societal influences“. Journal of Child Health Care 21, Nr. 4 (28.08.2017): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493517727131.
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Most studies of parenting children with Down syndrome (DS) have been conducted in industrialized countries. They suggest that sensitive communication on the part of professionals, and social support, can lead to acceptance and positive adjustments in the family. This study examined the impact of a diagnosis of DS on Ecuadorian families, in particular at how the diagnosis had been communicated and received, as well as the feelings and experiences which followed. Despite considerable progress in recent years, Ecuador is still marked by discriminatory attitudes which affect children with disabilities and their families, and by the persistence of widespread poverty. This qualitative study, conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador’s third largest city, is based on a focus group discussion and four in-depth interviews with Ecuadorian parents of DS children attending a specialist center in the city. The study shows that, reflecting the effects of status differences and lack of appropriate training, professionals rarely communicate a DS diagnosis in an appropriate manner. Further, it is shown that lack of social support, and the widespread stigmatization confronting children with DS and their families, hinder development of positive and empowering adjustments that would best serve the child’s and the family’s interest.
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Gans, Chaim. „The Liberal Foundations of Cultural Nationalism“. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 30, Nr. 3 (September 2000): 441–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2000.10717539.
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According to cultural nationalism, members of groups sharing a common history and societal culture have a fundamental, morally significant interest in adhering to their culture and in sustaining it for generations. Moreover, this interest should be protected by states. I shall examine three theses included in this statement. The first, the adherence thesis, relates to the basic interest people have in adhering to their national culture. The second thesis is historical. It concerns the basic interest people have in recognizing and protecting the multigenerational dimension of their culture. The third thesis, a political one, holds that the interests people have in living their lives within their culture and in sustaining this culture for generations should be protected politically. Some contemporary writers who support a liberal version of cultural nationalism do so by arguing that people have an interest in culture mainly because it is a prerequisite for their freedom and also because it is a component of their identity.
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Vujosevic, Miodrag, und Ksenija Petovar. „Public interest vs. strategies of individual actors in urban and spatial planning“. Sociologija 48, Nr. 4 (2006): 356–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0604356v.
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Here a preliminary hypothesis is used, viz., that the concept of "postsocialist" public interests is disputed in each and every aspect, implicating that a new theoretical and heuristic framework is needed for urban planning. This framework ought to be developed in a way to render it acceptable as a common denominator for the majority of urban actors, on the one hand, and to help balance individual (partial) and collective interests in the preparation and implementation of planning decisions at various planning levels, on the other. Under the current conditions of transition, there are very few elements that could in advance and with certainty be ascertained of public or general interest. The quality and societal relevance of planning decisions would basically depend on the quality of planning communication and interaction, also being relevant for the developing of a public interest. In the contribution, it is particularly emphasized that, following the collapse of the former ("socialist") public interests, the very legitimacy of planning is endangered as well. We direct attention to a number of new approaches, with a view to make use of their respective rational, productive, emancipatory and modernizing potential. Here, it is almost the last "resort" for one to insist on the publicity and public control in planning decision-making, especially in terms of the role of laymen - versus the more powerful and influential stakeholders - as the key direction in developing of new modes of planning. In this context, of crucial importance is to develop a new theoretical articulation of the concept of "postsocialist" public interests, as this concept is constituent for developing democratic planning during the transition period. The key aspect here pertains to balancing a large number of emerging and legitimate individual interest vis-?-vis public (collective, common, and similar) interests. This also applies to developing new institutional and organization arrangements and support that are needed, to direct the "societal game" of individual interests to collective public purposes. Particularly, effective arrangements of the kind are needed to prevent the "game" ends in destructive outcome, in the first place for the already well established public interests that will predictably keep such status.
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Treat, Teresa A., Bob McMurray, Jodi R. Betty und Richard J. Viken. „Tracking Men’s Perceptions of Women’s Sexual Interest“. Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, Nr. 1 (15.12.2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419884322.
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Judging a woman’s current sexual interest in a specific man is a socially and emotionally complex decision. These judgments can be considered a form of perceptual decision-making in which men integrate both affective (emotional) and nonaffective cues. College men at risk of sexual aggression rely less on women’s affective cues and more on nonaffective cues, suggesting that cognitive processes may matter for real-world problems. However, in the real world, people may not have the luxury of waiting for processes to complete before they act. Recent work has used dynamic-competition models of decision-making to examine this problem. These models assume that affective judgments (such as interested vs. rejecting) are partially activated by multiple cues and compete over time. This work, in which mouse tracking is used to index partial decision states, demonstrates that on-line measures predict rape-supportive attitudes over and above off-line (judgment) measures. This offers a new way to understand the cognitive core of an important societal problem.
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Jannah, Azharatul, Irwandy Irwandy, Syahrir A. Pasinringi, M. Alimin Maidin, Noer Bahry Noor und Nasruddin Nasruddin. „Comparison of Ananda Mother and Child Hospital (RSIA) and St. Khadijah 1 Mother and Child Hospital in Terms of Marketing Strategy, Patient Culture, and Maternity Care Interest (RSIA) Muhammadiyah Makassar“. Journal of Community Health Provision 2, Nr. 3 (30.12.2022): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.55885/jchp.v2i3.163.
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Interest in making a purchase results from a combination of factors, including exposure to advertising, familiarity with the brand, familiarity with the product itself, and an examination of alternative methods of achieving the same goal. Marketing and societal pressures are examples of such outside forces. Comparing the marketing strategies, societal norms, and patient interest between RSIA St.Khadijah 1 Makassar and RSIA Ananda Mother and Child Hospital in Makassar is the focus of this research. This study is a quantitative observational study employing a cross-sectional study design. Univariate, multivariate, and bivariate analyses were applied to the data. Patients in the ob-gyn clinics at RSIA Ananda and RSIA St. Khadijah 1 in Makassar made up the bulk of the 187 participants in this study. The research found that RSIA Ananda and RSIA St.Khadijah had different marketing strategies, societal norms, and patient priorities. Managing, empowering, and evaluating the 7 parts of the marketing mix and social culture at RSIA Ananda and RSIA St.Khadijah jointly is recommended to the management.
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Savage, Arline, Douglas C. Cerf und Roberta A. Barra. „Accounting for the Public Interest: A Revenue Recognition Dilemma“. Issues in Accounting Education 28, Nr. 3 (01.03.2013): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50463.
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ABSTRACT: This case illustrates how accounting rules impact the public interest and vice versa. The setting is a gray area of accounting in which management, the external auditors, the SEC, and international accounting standard setters may have differing opinions about the accounting treatment. Students consider the situation in which an accounting rule leads to a business and societal problem. They gain an understanding of how this happens and how such problems can be addressed. The context for this case is a revenue recognition issue for bill-and-hold sales. It also provides students with the opportunity to consider the real-world implications of accrual- versus cash-based accounting. This case is useful for intermediate- to graduate-level financial accounting classes or an accounting capstone class.
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Robis, Leah Angela. „WHEN DOES PUBLIC INTEREST JUSTIFY GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE AND SURVEILLANCE?“ ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE LAW 15, Nr. 1-2 (06.04.2014): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-15010209.
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This article examines the 16 December 2013 opinion of the US District Court for the District of Columbia in Klayman v Obama which intimated that the objective of the PRISM project, that is, the collection of metadata, violates the right to privacy. It assesses whether this opinion finds support in US federal laws, international law and the municipal laws of Hong Kong by surveying recent developments in balancing the conflict between public interest and the right to privacy. Societal attitude towards privacy is likewise accorded weight. The article concludes with the observation that while a handful of municipal legislation contains public interest exceptions to the right to privacy, there is an increasing clamour in international law to protect such right.
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Baugh, Aaron, und Reginald F. Baugh. „Assessment of Diversity Outcomes in American Medical School Admissions: Applying the Grutter Legitimacy Principles“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 12 (26.06.2020): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125211.
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In the last 30 years, except for female participation, the enrollment of Latinx, African Americans, Native Americans, Alaskan natives, and disadvantaged students in medical school has been constant; however, increasing enrollment of these minority populations is feasible, if admissions committees make two changes in approach. First, the traditional belief that matriculation merit is a linear function of past academic performance must be rejected. Second, once the threshold needed to complete medical school in four years and to pass licensing examinations at the first attempt has been met, all candidates are equally qualified, and matriculation decisions must be based, in part, on societal interests. In Grutter vs. Bollinger, the United States Supreme Court determined that graduate admission committees can and should consider societal interests. Each admission decision represents a substantial government investment in each student, as the Medicare Act directly subsidizes much of the cost of medical education. As Grutter explained, there is a societal interest in the public having confidence in, and access to, the medical school training that will prepare tomorrow’s medical, professional, and political leaders. Our analysis suggests that medical school admissions are biased towards academic achievement in matriculants, beyond acceptable thresholds for graduation and licensure. We believe medical schools must shift their admissions strategies and consider noncognitive factors in all candidates as determinative once minimum acceptable academic standards have been met.
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King, Desmond S., und Ted Robert Gurr. „Federal Responses to Urban Fiscal Stress and Decline in the United States“. British Journal of Political Science 17, Nr. 1 (Januar 1987): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400004634.
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This Note reports some findings from a larger study we are embarked upon. Our broader objective is to develop a general theory of the national state's interest in cities in advanced industrial societies. We argue that state officials generally pursue their own interests in the protection and expansion of state power and resources and specifically have interest in the viability of cities, interests that do not simply reflect the interests of private capital or any other societal groups. A broad twofold distinction is made between those state activities necessary for the perpetuation of the state (maintenance of public order, legitimacy, durable political institutions, revenue base) and those necessary for the perpetuation of cities (provision of collective goods, developmental policies and social services). Space limitations preclude a full account and justification of these arguments here. Rather, we present some hypotheses about how such state interests should inform the allocation of funds across cities and report the findings of some initial empirical tests for the United States.
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Kęsoń, Tadeusz, und Paweł Gromek. „Relations between UN Sustainable Development Goals and Societal Security. Part 1“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 78 (29.06.2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0052.
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Sustainable development is one of the key directions in ensuring security all over the world. The article presents results of literature research on the relationship between the goals of sustainable development and societal security, which significantly relates to the most important utilitarian values. The focus was on the first six goals, i.e. ‘no poverty’, ‘zero hunger’, ‘good health and well-being, ‘quality education’, ‘gender equality’ as well as ‘clean water and sanitation’. As a result of exploring the Web of Science® Data Collection database, we obtained 46 articles as the basis for our basic literature research. The authors’ interest in the subject of sustainable development varied in the light of societal security. In most cases, indirect relationships between the objectives in question and societal security have been identified. They shape the environment of societal security hazards, including the cascading effect of their development.
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Camillus, John C., Jeffrey E. Baker, Anushka I. Daunt und Jungyoon Jang. „Strategies for transcending the chaos of societal disruptions“. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 17, Nr. 1/2 (13.10.2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-07-2020-0052.
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Purpose This study aims to offer a strategic management response to societal disruptions of the magnitude triggered by the agricultural, industrial and information revolutions. These pose challenges that are much greater and different in kind than the industry-wide disruptions that businesses have learned to manage. Pandemics, climate change, biotech and artificial intelligence guarantee that such societal disruptions will be an inescapable and recurring reality. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds on the strategic management responses to wicked problems, which possess in microcosm the chaotic ambiguity that characterizes societal disruptions. Findings The authors propose a management process that affirms a sense of identity, identifies robust actions, adopts a real-options approach and uses a platform organization. Research limitations/implications The primary limitation is that the recommendations and findings are extrapolations of organizational practices in analogous situations. No examples of formal management processes specifically designed to address societal disruptions were identified. Practical implications The practical implications are significant. The specific recommendations in the paper directly address strategic management practice in organizations. Social implications The social implications are integral to the motivation of the paper as it describes the intrinsic characteristics of societal change and transformation, enabling organizations to interact with society on a dynamic basis. Originality/value While there has been growing interest and research into business and industry disruptions, the challenge of societal disruptions, which is the focus of this paper, has not been directly addressed.
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Richardson, Barbara C., und Lidia P. Kostyniuk. „Method for Including Societal Issues in Transportation Decisions“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1626, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1626-17.
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A method for including societal and institutional issues in transportation decisions is demonstrated through the use of the multiorganization decision analysis (MODA) process. A modification of decision risk analysis methods that have been successfully used in corporate environments, MODA takes into consideration the diversity of decision makers in transportation implementation decisions who come from public and private sectors and include a mix of agencies, institutions, and interest groups. The MODA process structures a set of interactions among a decision-making team, an analysis team, and facilitators. The steps of MODA include development of a shared vision statement, framing of the problem, generation of alternative solutions, analysis of alternatives, and a decision. Consensus by decision makers is required at each step of the process. The MODA process was demonstrated on the decision of whether a hypothetical community, representative of those in southeastern Michigan, should upgrade its paratransit service to include the use of intelligent transportation system technology. Through the MODA process, the factors and interrelationships relevant to the decision makers were identified. MODA accommodated their disparate views and disagreements, enabling them to agree on one solution in a relatively short period of time.