Thematische Bibliographien / Social structures

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Social structures“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Social structures"

O’Gorman, Paschal. "Social Structures and Social Forces." Irish Philosophical Journal 3, no. 2 (1986): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/irishphil1986328.

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Mrowczynski, Rafael. "Social Structures and Social Inequalities." Journal of Economic Sociology 12, no. 5 (2011): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2011-5-123-138.

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Diekhoff, George M., Bruce A. Holder, and Ron Burks. "Social Cognitive Structures." Small Group Behavior 19, no. 2 (May 1988): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104649648801900202.

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Řezanková, Ivona. "Germany's Social Structures." Czech Journal of International Relations 29, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1392.

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Reiner Geissler started working on his study entitled Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands already in 1989, i.e. before the unification of Germany. However, the radical changes in social reality that have taken place since then forced him to change his original concept. In his study, the author provides an analysis of the situation in Germany, which can also be a response to the changes there since 1989. He elaborates on the fundamental phenomena in the development of the social structure in the former Federal Republic of Germany and the former GDR on an empirical basis and indicates the perspectives of social changes in a united Germany. In the center of his attention is the development of material living conditions, the social status of men and women and the family. He relates all this to the development tendencies of the economic and political system. In a comprehensive assessment, the author interprets the basic directions of changes in the social structure in both parts of Germany as modernization.

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Krackhardt, David. "Cognitive social structures." Social Networks 9, no. 2 (June 1987): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(87)90009-8.

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Snow, Kyle L. "Social contingency and optimal social structures." Infant Behavior and Development 21 (April 1998): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(98)91348-0.

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Solanas, Antonio, Lluís Salafranca, Carles Riba, Vicenta Sierra, and David Leiva. "Quantifying social asymmetric structures." Behavior Research Methods 38, no. 3 (August 2006): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03192792.

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Roberts, Keith A., and Max Assimeng. "Saints and Social Structures." Review of Religious Research 30, no. 1 (September 1988): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511850.

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Holden, Thomas. "Book Review: Social Structures." Journal of Sociology 47, no. 1 (March 2011): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14407833110470010703.

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Banerjee, Sanjoy. "Reproduction of Social Structures." Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 2 (June 1986): 221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002786030002002.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Social structures"

Bertrand, Stéphane. "Structures d'interaction et dilemme social." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC05.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux nombreuses récentes approches tenant compte de l'existence de structures particulières gouvernant les modalités d'interaction entre les agents économiques. Ces approches fournissent notamment un renouveau du phénomène d'agrégation et offrent une nouvelle voie potentielle dans l'analyse de l'émergence de régularités au niveau macroscopique. Nous appliquons ces développements récents à la problématique de la coopération entre les agents dans les contextes de dilemme social, sous l'angle double de modèles théoriques et d'études expérimentales. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions une structure d'interaction locale, exogène. Nous montrons que l'émergence de la coopération est théoriquement possible ; cependant, une étude expérimentale montre de faibles différences par rapport à un contexte plus large d'interactions globales, et nous mène à étudier expérimentalement, dans un second temps, des modalités d'interaction plus flexibles, en donnant aux agents la possibilité d'être confrontés à une multiplicité d'interactions, et de refuser certaines d'entre elles. Les résultats montrent un clair effet favorable des interactions bilatérales, mais les incitations stratégiques de la possibilité de refus d'interaction ne sont pas suffisantes pour faire émerger une nette coopération dans le cas d'interactions multilatérales. Nous proposons alors, dans un troisième temps, un modèle de formation d'un réseau de coopération, par l'intermédiaire d'accords liants bilatéraux, au travers desquels les agents sont partiellement incités à la coopération par des raisons stratégiques. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent la pertinence de ce type d'approche, et nous permettent de conclure sur l'importance cruciale des structures endogènes fondées sur des interactions bilatérales multiples, et de la règle d'allocation de la valeur, dans l'optique de l'amélioration de l'efficience dans des contextes de dilemme social<br>Through this work, we study the numerous recent approaches taking into account the existence of specific structures on which interactions among economic agents are based. These approaches lead to a revival of the aggregation phenomenon and potentially provide a new way in the analyses of emergence of regularities at the macroscopic level. We apply these recent developments to the problem of cooperation among agents in social dilemma contexts, from the double point of view of theoretical models and experimental studies. In a first part, we study an exogenous local interaction structure. We show that emergence of cooperation is theoretically possible ; however, an experimental study exhibits weak differences reported to a broader context of global interaction, and leads us, in a second part, to experimentally study more flexible interaction structures, by giving the agents the ability of being confronted to a multiplicity of interaction, and of refusing some of them. Results show a clear favourable effect of bilateral interaction, but strategic incentives allowed by the possibility of refusing interaction do not allow making cooperation clearly emerge in a multilateral context. We then propose, in a third part, a model of formation of a cooperation network, by the mean of bilateral binding agreements, through which agents are partly incited to cooperation by strategic motives. Experimental results show the relevance of this approach, and allow us to conclude on the crucial importance of endogenous structures based on multiple bilateral interactions, and of the allocation rule, in the aim of increasing efficience in social dilemma contexts

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Roberts, Francis Charles. "Social structures, epistemology and personal identity." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57338/.

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In this thesis a set of interlocking arguments is fashioned. Each argument serves a dual purpose: it contributes to the acceptability of the main theme developed In the thesis and it increases the acceptability of the other arguments. At all stages the price paid for refusing to accept the conclusions drawn is cited. There are two driving forces behind the construction of the set of arguments. The first involves a recognition that there is a need for some 'underiabouring' work to be done for the Social Sciences; the second, relatedly. that there is a need to relocate the current debate in Anglo-Saxon Philosophy on, the question of Personal Identity. The colligation of the arguments accomplishes an 'underlabouring' task for the Social Sciences. This task consists of the identification of some of the Implications of the acceptance (whether tacit or explicitly stated) of two notions: the notions of what constitutes a person and what constitutes society. it Is argued that Possible uses of the concept of a person, inherent in any Interpretation of social phenomena, will constrain the explanatory power of any social scientific theory (or even ofa common system of beliefs) In which the interpretation is embedded. If one accepts a social scientific theory (or any common system of beliefs) which subsumes a concept of a person which does not see persons as essentially subjective, essentially social and essentially knowledge-seeking then one has to pay a series of penalties. Foremost among the penalties Is the sacrifice of the possibility of the expansion of the understanding of social phenomena. There are two concepts of society, embedded in contrasting systems of beliefs, whose acceptance has the effect of reinforcing the constraint on the explanatory power of the systems. One concept Involves a view of society as an object with causal powers, the other sees only Individuals as social causal agents. Whether it is Implicit or explicitly stated, the acceptance of either concept of society will cement the constraint on the expansion of one's understanding of social phenomena. The arguments go on to show that only the acceptance of a concept of society seen as an ensemble (itself devoid of detectable causal power) of social structures with causal powers can induce a lifting of some of the restrictions on the expansion of one's understanding of social phenomena. At the core of the arguments lies a fundamental distinction. This is the distinction which needs to be made between the functions of epistemological and ontological concepts which underpin one's understanding of social phenomena. It Is argued that, while such a distinction needs to be made, the relationship between the two functions is a symbiotic one - neither can operate without the other. The differentiation between the two functions is achieved by focusing on the distinction between knowledge and being - encapsulated in Chapter 2 by the distinction made between 'cultural environments' and 'social environments'. Linked to, and sustaining, the distinction between social and cultural environments is a distinction between two aspects of cognitive interactions between Individuals. These two aspects Involve a contrast between an Individual's sense of 'Interacting with' and a sense of 'being with' other Individuals. The former involves individuals in operating 'social kinds' while the latter involves them in sustaining the operating parameters of social kinds. Operations of social kinds are needed for changes in states of understanding to occur (in other words the operations have epistemological significance); by contrast the sustaining of the operational parameters of social kinds is significant with respect to the functions of ontological concepts. The failure of many theories of Personal Identity to address the problems generated by conflating epistemology and ontology In the social sciences renders such theories Inadequate to the task of providing a comprehensive analysis of Personal Identity. The arguments In the thesis pinpoint the nature of this Inadequacy, and show how it might be avoided.

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Sjögren, Olivia. "Water Resource Management : Social Behaviour, Cultural Norms and Societal Structures." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46472.

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Water shortage is one of the greatest challenges that the world faces today. International and national water initiatives are increasing simultaneously with the number of implemented drinking-water projects. The provision of sustainable safe drinking-water supply is here conceptualized through the Sustainable Livelihood Approach with the view of helping poor people secure their essential basic needs, improve their quality of health and increase their livelihood opportunities. However, a lot of drinking-water projects do not end up with satisfactory outcomes. Widespread results have demonstrated low quality water resource management, worsened access to water supply, constructions shutting down and not the least, that consumers have not been able to take advantage of their new basic drinking-water systems. Projects have often failed in remote rural areas in developing countries where strong social norms, cultural values and power structures prevail. The research is based on identifying and analyzing to what extent past drinking-water projects have addressed public participation and been aware of social, cultural and structural surrounding factors. By using Gunilla Åkesson’s sociological framework the research also addresses the role and value of sociological aspects in drinking-water projects. It is found that past projects have often failed to include public participation and lacked situational awareness to a sufficient extent. The research show the importance for projects staff, managers and technicians to take into account social behaviors, cultural norms and societal structures in the local environment and to provide local people with health awareness and education. By taking this into consideration it would enable people to change their behavior and take advantage of the improved drinking-water systems provided for them. In conclusion, there is a need to address more sociological aspects in water resource management in order to promote sustainable safe drinking-water supplies in remote rural areas in developing countries. It can be argued that this is not only applicable in drinking-water projects but also in other areas of fields within grass root development work.

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Schultz, Jennifer Lee. "What Structures Network Structure? How Class, Culture, and Context Matter in Creating Social Capital." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297028.

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A considerable body of research shows that network structure can either assist or hinder one's access to social capital. Though the effects of particular structural arrangements of relationships are well known, there is comparatively little research on how a person might come to have one structural arrangement of ties over another. This study asks: What structures network structure? What cultural templates guide persons in their practice of friendship and in managing, maintaining, and adapting their personal communities over time? What contextual factors influence the duration and intensity of social relationships? Respondents were asked to make a list of "people who are important to you" and to describe the relationships individually while labeling each person on a social map. Interviews were coded using content analysis software in order to assess emergent cultural themes and the settings from which social relationships were drawn. Interview data confirmed respondents' use of cultural templates in the practice of friendship, which may affect one's ability to acquire and/or lose social capital. Interview data demonstrated how material resources may impact the vigor with which persons engage with social settings. Finally, some respondents reported important voluntary relationships that are at once high-commitment and low-contact. Frequently this type of tie arose when a relationship had outlived its original social context. This finding challenges the idea that contact and commitment usually go together in voluntary relationships.

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Hernandez, Javier. "Financial services and social structures : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10565.

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Although there is an increasing interest in social sciences amongst policy makers in financial services and investment organisations, not enough is known about the way financial organisations and activities interact with their social environments. In particular, there is a need for more research into the way financial activities are integrated into broader social structures. This thesis will report on a comparative study analysing the practices of financial organisations and their employees in two very different social environments: the UK and Chile. From 38 in-depth interviews with financial practitioners in London, Edinburgh and Santiago de Chile about their job trajectories and experiences, it was possible to analyse the practices of financial organisations in the UK and Chile, with an emphasis on the way they interact with global financial trends and local distributions of power and resources. A sociological account of organisational processes such as recruitment, socialisation, staff allocation, promotion and organisation of work within firms in these countries allowed for description and analysis of the way firms’ practices are related to their social (structural, symbolic and institutional) contexts. The research shows that Chile’s position in the global financial market and local distribution of resources encourage more traditional organisational practices, especially in terms of recruitment, socialisation, staff allocation and promotion, as well as activities performed and the way services are provided. In the UK, on the other hand, all of the above-mentioned processes are more technical, formally designed and competitive.

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Lind, Tommy. "Schools in sparse spatial structures." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143192.

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This thesis describes and analyses how the school sector in sparsely populated municipalities in northern Sweden has developed with emphasis on spatial dimensions and in relation to demographic change and political reforms during the last 20 years. In paper I primary schools were studied in a number of small municipalities in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The aim of the study was to investigate how the spatial structure of schools has changed, what strategies the municipalities have developed to adapt their schools to changing conditions and what constraints there are to apply the strategies. To answer these questions, semi-structured interviews with municipal representatives were conducted. In paper II, the upper secondary school system was studied. The aim of the paper was to analyse the combined consequences of the school reforms, demographic development and competition on the ability of small municipalities to provide upper secondary schools during the period 1997 to 2015 in the four northernmost counties of Sweden. The study was based on data from the database SIRIS at the Swedish National Agency for Education and has a descriptive approach. The spatial structure of school organizations under study has undergone substantial changes during the recent decades, with closures and mergers among primary schools and an expansion of upper secondary schools. In recent years, the size of the young cohorts have decreased, which overall has led to increasing pressures to close primary schools and has created a detrimental competition between upper secondary schools. The large distances and the already small and declining number of pupils have had major effects on the ability to offer a good range and quality in the supply and availability of education. According to representatives from all the studied municipalities, the ambition is to prioritize the primary schools in the municipal centre and have as few small village schools as possible, taking into consideration quality of education, per capita costs, distances, and how scattered the pupils are within the municipalities. Independent schools and their increasingly larger role have attracted a great deal of attention in media, but this is a change that has mainly occurred in municipalities with large populations and their presence in the studied municipalities is very small both at the primary and upper secondary level.

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Garcia, Rivera Francisco, and Rodriguez David Hoyos. "Implementation of Metallic Profiles in Social Houses." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16084.

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This paper presents a metallic structural solution for communities with minor resources, which is able to adapt to the climatic conditions of La Guajira (Colombia). The mains objectives of this structure are to reach good quality and reduce execution time as well as cost. The structure was designed by using Light Weight Steel Framing method, due to its simplicity as well as its ease in the assembly due to the lack of resources in those communities. The design was calculated by using an iterative method in which a compromise solution between prices and strength was reached. This paper concludes that the same structure which was being built, can be improved (decreasing of the price, and industrialisation of the method) by using the structural solution proposed by this work.

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Daniel, João Rodrigo. "Affiliative structures and social development in preschool children groups." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1111.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia Aplicada (Etologia) apresentada ao Instituto Superior Psicologia Aplicada<br>O grupo de pares é um dos principais contextos de desenvolvimento da criança durante a idade pré-escolar. Contudo, a maioria dos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento social da criança focam-se na procura de características individuais negligenciando os constrangimentos relacionais inerentes à ecologia do grupo de pares. A abordagem da etologia social, por contraponto, enfatiza a existência de diferentes nichos sociais que influenciam/constrangem o comportamento dos indivíduos, sugerindo que as diferenças individuais devem ser compreendidas à luz das relações diádicas e dos papéis sociais ocupados no interior do grupo de pares. Os trabalhos empíricos aqui apresentados são uma tentativa para estabelecer uma ligação entre estas duas tradições de estudo das relações afiliativas em crianças de idade préescolar. Partindo de uma amostra de 247 crianças Portuguesas, provenientes de 19 salas de aula diferentes, algumas das quais observadas em dois ou três anos consecutivos, foram analisados num primeiro estudo os padrões colectivos de proximidade social. Através da análise hierárquica de clusters da semelhança dos perfis de associação diádicos, em cada uma das salas, foram identificados três tipos de subgrupos afiliativos: (a) subgrupos em que as crianças para além de apresentarem perfis de associação semelhantes partilham, ainda, uma elevada proximidade mútua; (b) subgrupos de crianças com perfis de associação semelhantes, mas que tendem a não passar muito tempo juntas (baixa proximidade mútua); e (c) crianças não agrupadas. Diferenças significativas no viés intra-grupo para medidas comportamentais e sociométricas indicam que os subgrupos identificados não são meros artefactos estatísticos e que os diferentes tipos de subgrupos (elevada proximidade mútua vs. baixa proximidade mútua) são funcionalmente distintos. No segundo estudo, e recorrendo a desenvolvimentos recentes no campo da análise de redes sociais, analisaram-se os processos estruturais que estarão, potencialmente, na origem e desenvolvimento das estruturas afiliativas dos grupos de pares em crianças de idade préescolar. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que as relações afiliativas, nas 19 salas de aula, são altamente recíprocas, estabelecidas preferencialmente entre crianças do mesmo sexo e com a tendência para a criação de tríades transitivas. Estes resultados ajudam a compreender a existência dos subgrupos afiliativos identificados no primeiro estudo. No último estudo investigou-se a relação entre os níveis individuais de competência social e o tipo de subgrupo a que as crianças pertencem. A competência social foi avaliada tendo por base sete indicadores diferentes agrupados em três famílias distintas – motivação social e envolvimento, perfis de atributos comportamentais e psicológicos e aceitação de pares. As crianças pertencentes aos subgrupos mais coesos (elevada proximidade mútua) foram as que apresentaram níveis mais altos de competência social, enquanto as crianças não agrupadas eram geralmente menos competentes que os seus pares. Estes resultados sugerem que a pertença a um subgrupo mais coeso, entre outros factores, pode contribuir para um desenvolvimento social mais ajustado. Em suma, os trabalhos empíricos apresentados adoptam uma abordagem multi-método na tentativa de melhor compreender as estruturas afiliativas dos grupos de pares de crianças em idade pré-escolar, e o modo como estas estruturas se relacionam com o desenvolvimento da competência social. ---------- ABSTRACT ---------- The peer group is one of the main contexts for the development of preschool children. Nevertheless, most studies on child social development focus on individual characteristics neglecting the relational constraints inherent to peer group ecology. On the other hand, the social ethology approach emphasizes the existence of different social niches that influence/constrain individual behavior, stating that individual differences should be understood in the light of dyadic relationships and the social roles occupied within the peer group. The empirical works here presented are an attempt to establish a bridge between both traditions in the study of preschool children affiliative relationships. With a sample of 247 Portuguese children from 19 different classrooms, some of which were observed in two or three consecutive years, the collective patterns of social proximity were analyzed in the first study. Through the hierarchical cluster analysis of dyadic association similarity profiles, in each classroom, three types of affiliative subgroups were identified: (a) subgroups in which children besides having similar association profiles also share high mutual proximity; (b) children’ subgroups with similar association profiles but that do not tend to spend a lot of time together (low mutual proximity); and (c) ungrouped children. Significant differences found for in-group bias of behavioral and sociometric measures indicate that the identified subgroups are not mere statistical artifacts and that the different types of subgroups (high mutual proximity vs. low mutual proximity) are functional distinct. In the second study, recent developments in the field of social network analysis were used to investigate potential structural processes in the origin and development of affiliative structures in preschool peer groups. The results of this study show that the affiliative relations in the 19 classrooms were highly reciprocal, sex segregated and with a tendency to create transitive triads. These results help to explain the existence of the affiliative subgroups identified in the first study. In the last study the relation between individual levels of social competence and the type of affiliative subgroup to which children belong was assessed. Social competence was evaluated using seven different indicators, grouped into three distinct families – social motivation and engagement, profiles of behavioral and psychological attributes and peer acceptance. Children belonging to more cohesive subgroups (high mutual proximity) were the ones who presented higher levels of social competence, while ungrouped children were generally least competent than their peers. These results suggest that belonging to a more cohesive subgroup, among other factors, can contribute to a better social development. In sum, the empirical works here presented adopt a multi-method approach in an attempt to better understand the affiliative structures of preschool peer groups, and the way these structures relate to social competence development.

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Edwards, Guy J. "Structures of stance in interaction." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6671.

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Stance and stance-taking are fundamental to the achievement of social interaction. Through stance and stance-taking, speakers position themselves relative to objects, and to other speakers. Stance is conceptualized as a social action whereby both positioning of the self and evaluation of an object are achieved through language in social interaction. The central contention is that stances are complex and interrelated social relationships established by speakers in conversation; stance(s) are established not only relative to stance, subject and object, but also to other stances, other objects, other subjects, and context. This relativity of stance acts to the multiplex vectors of other stance(s) is the basis for the proposal of the stance matrix as a framework for conceptualizing stance in conversation. Through micro-qualitative analysis of conversational data, speakers are shown to orient to the stance matrix in the everyday achievement of complex structures and sequences of stance acts. In addition, the communicative means by which stance is achieved in conversation is examined, and the heterodox nature of stance-taking expressions is shown to be critically dependent on an expanded and flexible model of indexicality, relating linguistically enabled stancetaking acts to the stance acts that are thereby achieved. The role of subjects in the stance matrix is considered in terms of achieving stance acts towards people. Subjects are shown to be deployed as objects through the intervention of membership categorization to foreground the social roles and/or categories in which people can be categorized. In conclusion, the stance matrix is proposed as a critical framework for conceptualizing and examining how speakers can be seen to orient to, in conversation, the multiple vectors of stance connecting subjects, objects and other stances.

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Mori, Erica. "The Narrative of Lampedusa - Mediated mobilities reflected in social structures." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23384.

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In the mediated narrative about Lampedusa as a destination, thetourist’s mobility is indicating consumption. The recommendation of a boatride off Lampedusa’s coast to best experience/consume Lampedusa’s beauty,stands in great contrast to the boat rides in the narrative of the mobility ofthe migrant/refugee. This research is investigating the mediation andmobility processes working in the narrative of Lampedusa’s social structuresas a destination for the two human mobility categories the Tourist and theMigrant/Refugee. Mediated material concerning the two categories of humanmobility, the tourist and the migrant/refugee has been collected on theInternet. Material from two tourist destination communication platforms isillustrating the mobility of the tourist and the narrative of Lampedusa as atourist destination. While material from two humanitarian-aidcommunication platforms serve to illustrate the narrative of the mobility ofthe migrant/refugee and of the humanitarian crisis at the destination and itssurrounding waters. In order to a get fuller understanding of the mediatednarrative of Lampedusa I have added articles from English and Italianspeaking online news channels. The included material is selected following anon-probability, purposive sampling method. The result of the studydemonstrates that by maintaining the meditated narrative of the tourist as aconsumer, the mobility of the tourist is weakening the mobility of themigrant/refugee. And the narrative of Lampedusa is reinforcing the socialpower structures of the tourist from the Global North and themigrant/refugee from the Global South, as a representation of the politicaland moral consensus of postcolonialism.

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Bücher zum Thema "Social structures"

1965-, McConkey Dale, and Lawler Peter Augustine, eds. Social structures, social capital, and personal freedom. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2000.

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Guille-Escuret, Georges. Social Structures and Natural Systems. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119423058.

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Gregory, Derek, and John Urry, eds. Social Relations and Spatial Structures. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27935-7.

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1951-, Gregory Derek, and Urry John, eds. Social relations and spatial structures. Basingstroke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1985.

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Haugaard, Mark. Structures, restructuration, and social power. Aldershot: Avebury, 1992.

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Barry, Wellman, and Berkowitz Stephen D, eds. Social structures: A network approach. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Pub., 1996.

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Haugaard, Mark. Structures, restructuration and social power. Aldershot: Avebury, 1992.

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R, Guy Gregory, and Labov William, eds. Social interaction and discourse structures. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 1997.

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Barry, Wellman, and Berkowitz Stephen D, eds. Social structures: A network approach. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1997.

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Barry, Wellman, and Berkowitz Stephen D, eds. Social structures: A network approach. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Social structures"

Mytum, Harold. "Social Structures." In Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique, 121–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9038-9_6.

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Burke, Peter. "Social Structures." In Sociology and History, 31–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074328-2.

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Burke, Peter. "Social Structures." In Sociology and History, 80–105. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074328-3.

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O’Connell, Joseph T. "Changing social structures". У Caitanya Vaiṣṇavas in Bengal, редактор Rembert Lutjeharms, 50–69. Title: Caitanya Vaisnavism in Bengal: social impact and historical implications / Joseph T. O’Connell; edited by Rembert Lutjeharms. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge Hindu studies series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429445392-4.

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Durac, Vincent, and Francesco Cavatorta. "Social Structures and Social Development." In Politics and Governance in the Middle East, 69–87. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-52127-9_4.

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Sperber, Jonathan. "Social Structures and Social Institutions." In Bourgeois Europe, 1850–1914, 29–44. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351106610-4.

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Sperber, Jonathan. "Social Structures and Social Institutions." In Bourgeois Europe, 1850–1914, 255–81. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351106610-20.

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Sperber, Jonathan. "Social Structures and Social Institutions." In Bourgeois Europe, 1850–1914, 143–54. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351106610-12.

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Ramamurthy, K. G. "Social Choice." In Coherent Structures and Simple Games, 135–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2099-6_5.

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Whitaker, Roger. "Exploiting Social Structures and Social Networks." In Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, 4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15387-7_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Social structures"

Riley, Darby, and Kaitlin Mallouk. "Social Network Structures of Engineering Students with Disabilities." In 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10893511.

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Dong, Botao, Yumo Ji, and Yongze Miao. "Enhancing Social Motion Prediction Using Attention Mechanisms and Hierarchical Structures." In International Conference on Modern Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 185–89. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013253300004558.

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Asaduzzaman Noor, Md, John W. Sheppard, and Jason A. Clark. "Identifying Hierarchical Community Structures in Content-Based Scholarly Social Networks." In 2024 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), 440–47. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla61862.2024.00065.

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Van Dyke Parunak, H., and James Odell. "Representing social structures in UML." In the fifth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/375735.376008.

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Fuxman, Ariel, Paolo Giorgini, Manuel Kolp, and John Mylopoulos. "Information systems as social structures." In the international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/505168.505171.

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Starrett, A. Rein, and R. B. Corotis. "Multiple Hazards and Social Vulnerability for the Denver Region." In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480410.033.

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Colavito, Kimberly H., Sigridur Bjarnadottir, and Yue Li. "Social Vulnerability Mapping Considering Hurricane Hazards in a Changing Climate." In Structures Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480427.010.

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Kolp, Manuel, Paolo Giorgini, and John Mylopoulos. "Information systems development through social structures." In the 14th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/568760.568792.

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Alshabib, H., O. F. Rana, and A. S. Ali. "Deriving ratings through social network structures." In First International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2006.50.

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"A Study on Thematic Structures of News Report Scripts." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001153.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Social structures"

Fernandez, Jasmine, Michaela Bonnett, Teri Garstka, and Meaghan Kennedy. Exploring Social Care Network Structures. Orange Sparkle Ball, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61152/hdnz4028https://www.orangesparkleball.com/innovation-library-blog/2024/5/30/sunbelt2024-exploring-social-care-network-structures.

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This research is grounded in the theory that scale-free networks form between many organizations in a community when coordinating social care services and influential hubs in the network emerge (Barabási & Réka, 1999).We explore the variability in the structures of social care networks, focusing on how the diverse needs of community members and the array of providers influence these structures. We posit that the architecture of these networks may hold the key to discerning patterns in community health and social outcomes. Our study examines the resilience of social care networks, defining them as systems designed to enhance interactions among all nodes to meet diverse community needs. We discuss community as a network and community resilience as a process, introducing three key properties—scale-free, small world, and hubness/information spreading scores, for understanding network resilience. We analyzed 20 social care networks, which have been active over an 18-month period using the referral technology tool to send and receive service referrals, providing raw interaction data among organizational nodes. We focused on two primary objectives: 1) Social care networks are more likely to exhibit scale-free properties and contain influential hubs; and 2) There is significant variability among social care networks in terms of scale-free properties and centrality measures. Using the three properties—small world, scale-free, and hubness/information spreading scores—we classified the 20 social care networks into different structural profiles. We analyzed node,edge radius, diameter, to understand the network structure characteristics. Our findings highlighted four distinct network structures, which we ranked from most to least resilient. We discussed the implications of these structures on community-level outcomes, including the potential centralized vulnerability when hubs and information spreaders overlap, creating efficiency during normal operations but also increasing vulnerability to disruptions. Our findings offer insights into the emergent properties of complex systems, particularly in networks intentionally designed to enhance resilience and meet diverse community needs. We conclude by discussing the variability in centrality and structural metrics within the identified groups and propose future research directions to explore the long-term impact of these network structures.

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Fernandez, Jasmine, Michaela Bonnett, Teri Garstka, and Meaghan Kennedy. Exploring Social Care Network Structures. Orange Sparkle Ball, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61152/hdnz4028.

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Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, and Luigi Zingales. Corporate Ownership Structures: Private versus Social Optimality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5584.

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Kim, Lisa, Deja Logan, and Mindy E. Scott. Supporting Diverse Family Structures Through Social Safety Net Programs. Child Trends, Inc., December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56417/6087g1130v.

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Gao, Xiaoming, Judy Qiu, Evan Roth, Karissa McKelvey, Clayton Davis, Andrew Younge, Emilio Ferrara, and Fil Menczer. Supporting Social Data Observatory with Customizable Index Structures on HBase - Architecture and Performance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603195.

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Renshaw, Jonathan. Social Investment Funds and Indigenous Peoples. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008880.

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The aim of this paper is to offer a brief analysis of the social investment funds for indigenous people that have been financed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and to consider how far they have been effective in meeting the needs of indigenous people. This paper identifies two types of targeting mechanisms: 1) Inclusive funds that do not distinguish indigenous people from other sectors of society based on ethnicity; and 2) Exclusive funds or components intended only for the indigenous or ethnic population. The author discusses the merits of both approaches and identifies four factors that determine their effectiveness in reaching targeting goals: 1) Geographic isolation; 2) Social exclusion based on racial of ethnic prejudice; 3) Social and cultural factors including language, structures of authority and economic values; 4) The capacity of the indigenous organizations.

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Dancer, Helen, and Imogen Bellwood-Howard. COVID-19 and Social Differentiation in African Agriculture. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.044.

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This brief presents a summary of key findings from a multi-country study of social differentiation in African agricultural value chains in the context of COVID-19. It aims to understand how trends in the politics and participation of different actors in agriculture have contributed to patterns of social differentiation, and how these patterns have interacted with the shock of COVID-19. It brings attention both to the implications of political decision-making and the effects of the pandemic on value chain structures and those working within the sector.

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Bellwood-Howard, Imogen, and Helen Dancer. Politics, Power and Social Differentiation in African Agricultural Value Chains: The Effects of COVID-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.027.

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Since the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s, policymaking at a national and continental level has increasingly turned to agricultural commercialisation as the foundation for Africa’s long-term nutrition and food security. However, socio-economic inequalities, land tenure and food insecurity, as well as livelihood and income precarities remain widespread challenges. The effects of shocks, such as COVID-19, have overlaid emergent and entrenched patterns of social differentiation that shape access to resources, markets, and other opportunities for those involved in commercial agriculture. This paper considered the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, to ask: 1) What can political settlements analyses tell us about agricultural value chains and responses to COVID-19 in the countries studied? 2) How are structures and power relations throughout the value chains and actors’ responses to COVID-19 related to social differentiation in the context of African agriculture?

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Negraia, Daniela V., and Jennifer March Augustine. Unpacking the parenting wellbeing gap: the role of dynamic features of daily life across broader social structures. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2019-011.

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Moghimi, Gholamreza, and Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.

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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb > 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 > 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.

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