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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
1
Turner, Bryan S. „Religion“. Theory, Culture & Society 23, Nr. 2-3 (Mai 2006): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406062530.
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The emergence of a science of religion and religions in which the sacred became a topic of disinterested, objective inquiry was itself an important statement about the general character of social change and can be taken as an index of secularization. It implies a level of critical self-reflexive scrutiny in society. In the West, the study of ‘religion’ as a topic of independent inquiry was initially undertaken by theologians who wanted to understand how Christianity could be differentiated from other religions. The problem of religious diversity had arisen as an inevitable consequence of colonial contact with other religious traditions and with phenomena that shared a family resemblance with religion, such as fetishism, animism and magic. The science of religion implies a capacity for self-reflection and criticism, and it is often claimed that other religions do not possess such a science of religion. While different cultures give religion a different content, Christianity was defined as a world religion. In Hegel's dialectical scheme, the increasing self-awareness of the Spirit was a consequence of the historical development of Christianity. The contemporary scientific study of religion and religions is confronted by significant epistemological problems that are associated with globalization, and the traditional question about the nature of religion has acquired a new intensity.
2
O’Brien, Timothy L., und Shiri Noy. „Political Identity and Confidence in Science and Religion in the United States“. Sociology of Religion 81, Nr. 4 (2020): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sraa024.
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Abstract This article investigates changes in public perceptions of science and religion in the United States between 1973 and 2018. We argue that the deepening ties between science and religion and opposing moral claims reconfigured the relationship between political identities and confidence in science and religion during this period. Our analysis of 30 waves of General Social Survey data finds that while Republicans once were more likely than Democrats to be more confident in science than religion, Democrats are now more likely to than Republicans. And, while Democrats used to be more likely than Republicans to be more confident in religion than science, this difference also reversed. These findings underscore the growing importance of political identities as predictors of confidence in science and religion and suggest that the politicization of science and religion fueled a perception that they provide not just alternative frameworks but opposing ones.
3
BEKOFF, MARC. „Science, Religion, Cooperation, and Social Morality“. BioScience 51, Nr. 3 (2001): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0171:srcasm]2.0.co;2.
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Habib Abdillah, Seka Andrean, und Aulia Diana Devi. „Pendidikan Islam Dalam Perspektif Pendekatan Sosiologi“. Al - Azkiya : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MI/SD 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/v4i1.1007.
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Sociological is the approach of the study of education, delivering to understand the relationship of sociology with education. This study aims to find out about Islamic education in the perspective of sociological approach. The research method used is library research, then analyzed and presented the results of data findings objectively. The results showed that the sociology of education has a diverse perspective, in line with the diversity that occurs in the perspective of sociology studies in general. The importance of a sociological approach in understanding religion, because there are many religious teachings related to social problems. The amount of religious attention to this social problem further encourages religions to understand social sciences as a tool to understand their religion. The way of understanding in the approach of the sociology of religion can be easy for those of us who are still too lay because religion is derived also because of social interests. The sociological approach as an educational sociological approach consists of individual approach, social approach, and interaction approach.
5
Prus, Robert. „Religious Beliefs, Practices, and Representations as Humanly Enacted Realities: Lucian (circa 120-200) Addresses Sacrifices, Death, Divinity, and Fate“. Qualitative Sociology Review 11, Nr. 4 (31.10.2015): 6–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.11.4.01.
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Lucian of Samosata (circa 120-200) may be primarily envisioned as a poet-philosopher from the classical Roman era. However, the material he develops on religion not only anticipates important aspects of contemporary pragmatist/constructionist approaches to the sociology of religion but also provides some particularly compelling insights into religion as a humanly engaged realm of reality.
Following an introduction to a pragmatist approach to the study of religion, this paper presents a synoptic overview of several of Lucian’s texts on religion. In addition to the significance of Lucian’s materials for comprehending an era of Roman and Greek civilization, as well as their more general sources of intellectual and aesthetic stimulation, these texts also provide an array of valuable transhistorical reference points and alert scholars in the field of religion to some ways in which the study of religion could be more authentically approached within the social sciences.
The paper concludes with a consideration of the affinities of Lucian’s depictions of religion with pragmatist, interactionist, and associated approaches as this pertains to the study of religion as a realm of human involvement.
6
Petersen, William. „Social consequences of religion“. Society 40, Nr. 2 (Januar 2003): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-003-1052-6.
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Sufratman, Sufratman, und Kholid Karomi. „Tren Studi Agama di Abad ke-21: Sebuah Kajian Perspektif Muslim Progresif“. Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH) 5, Nr. 2 (31.12.2023): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37364/jireh.v5i2.142.
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This paper aims to examine the methods and approaches of religious studies developed by progressive Muslim scholars in Indonesia, namely M. Amin Abdullah. The era of globalization is characterized by an overflow of knowledge, science, and technology, has caused relations between religions, group, cultural and social relations in society to become open and transparet. The problem is that the dynamics of the claim of truth in the cultural sociological sphere have actually strengthened and created tensions dan disharmony in the life of Indonesian society which is pluralistic. Therefore, religious communities in Indonesia, desperately need input from new and fresh models of methodology in the study of religion. Based on the library research, this paper uses descriptive analysis method. The result is the M. Amin Abdullah, has building and developing a new models of methods and approaches in the study of religion, which is called a multidisciplinary approach. The basic assumption of a multidisciplinary approach is that religious sciences cannot limit itself to social sciences and humanities in the globalization era. Therefor, between religious, social sciences, and humanity sciences are to integrated, dialogue, and perfecting one another to solving problems.
8
Zhang, Chunni, Yunfeng Lu und He Sheng. „Exploring Chinese folk religion: Popularity, diffuseness, and diversities“. Chinese Journal of Sociology 7, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2021): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x211042687.
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Folk religion, as the basis of the religious landscape in traditional China, is a highly syncretic system which includes elements from Buddhism, Daoism, and other traditional religious beliefs. Due to the shortcomings of denomination-based measurement, most previous social surveys have documented a very low percentage of folk religion adherents in China, and found almost no overlapping among religious beliefs. This study offers a quantitative portrait of the popularity, the diffuseness, and the diversity of Chinese folk religion. With the improved instruments in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, we first observe that nearly 50% of respondents claim to have multiple (two or even more than three) religious beliefs and the believers of folk religion account for about 70% of the population. By using latent class analysis, this article explores the pattern of inter-belief mixing and identifies four typical classes of religious believers: “non-believers and single-belief believers”, “believers of geomancy”, “believers of diffused Buddhism and Daoism”, and “believers embracing all beliefs”. Finally, we find that the degree of commitment varies across these religious classes. Believers of folk religion are found to be less committed than believers of Western institutional religions, but as committed as believers of Eastern institutional religions.
9
Djordjevic, Dragoljub. „Religions and confessions of national minorities in Serbia“. Sociologija 47, Nr. 3 (2005): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0503193d.
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Setting aside the major national community, Serbs, the text analyzes the religious-confessional profile of all 28 national communities in Serbia according to the 2002 census. In the Serbian ethnic profile there are more national minorities gravitating towards Christianity rather than Islam. Among Christian national minorities, Orthodox and Roman Catholic confessions are almost equally represented, while Sunni Islam is the most prevailing confession among Muslim minorities. In describing religions and confessions of national minorities, the following concepts and phenomena are taken into consideration: "confessional identification", "violation of confessional identity", "religion of fate", "religion of choice", "syncretistic religiosity", "combinatory religiosity", "religious seekers", "religions of minorities", "minority religions", "religious communities of minorities" and "protestantization process".
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Kühle, Lene. „Bourdieu, Religion and Pluralistic Societies“. Bulletin for the Study of Religion 41, Nr. 1 (01.03.2012): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v41i1.003.
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It is widely recognised that the theory of practise of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu may provide insights for the study of religion due to its general importance for social sciences and humanities in general. When it comes to Bourdieu's specific work on religion and in particular his concept of the religious field, scholars have been less enthusiastic in particular in relation to religion in complex societies. This article argues however that Bourdieu's work on the religious field may have been rejected prematurely, and that it may provide a frutile point of departure for studies of religion in pluralistic societies.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
1
Mason-Wilkes, Will. „Science as religion? : science communication and elective modernism“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109735/.
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My central concern in this thesis is how science should be understood by the public. I argue that science should be understood, and valued for, the formative aspirations of the scientific community. The formative aspirations of the scientific community are the values members try to uphold as members of the group, even when this is not always possible. These aspirations are constitutive of the scientific ‘form of life’. I argue that science and religion are distinct forms of life, and through their formative aspirations can be differentiated from one another. Drawing on the theory of Elective Modernism (Collins and Evans 2017), I argue that the formative aspirations of science overlap with democratic values. Media representations of science shape public understanding. Non-fiction television is a ubiquitous and trusted medium for the communication of science. Non-fiction science television programme makers were interviewed to understand the process of science television production: the pressures, tensions and constraints inherent to this process. I analyse representations of science in British non-fiction television programmes and argue that a ‘religious’ portrayal of science can be identified in some programmes. I identify a contrasting ‘secular’ portrayal of science in other programmes. The religious portrayal presents science as providing a definitive creation narrative. In this portrayal scientific knowledge is presented as a set of certain and immutable truths which are revealed by nature with little or no human intervention. In this portrayal science is presented as providing meaning. The secular portrayal’s representation aligns more closely with a sociological understanding of science. In this portrayal scientific knowledge is represented as requiring human skill to produce and as being subject to change, revision and debate. Science in this portrayal is represented as producing both positive and negative outcomes for society. From the perspective of Elective Modernism, if citizens are to properly understand, engage with and value science they need an understanding informed by sociological conceptions of science which emphasise science’s formative aspirations as its defining characteristic. The requirements for the production of an ‘elective modernist’ portrayal of science, one which foregrounds the formative aspirations of science, are discussed. The problematic consequences of the religious portrayal of science are laid out. Presenting science as a religion disguises its formative aspirations. This provides an inaccurate picture of how science works and a widespread (mis)understanding of science as a religion would undermine democratic society.
2
Huang, Bi Yun. „Analyzing a social movement's use of Internet resource mobilization, new social movement theories and the case of Falun Gong /“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3386686.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Library and Information Science, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 15, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4498. Adviser: Howard S. Rosenbaum.
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Jensen, Jeppe Sinding. „The study of religion in a new key : theoretical and philosophical soundings in the comparative and general study of religion /“. Århus : Aarhus Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0704/2003107084.html.
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4
Rasmussen, Bryan B. „The serpent and the dove gender, religion, and social science in Victorian culture /“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330775.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of English, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 20, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 3962. Adviser: Patrick Brantlinger.
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Sezenler, Olcay. „Religion In International Relations And Interfaith Dialogue“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611683/index.pdf.
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Religion was regarded as a marginal factor by scholars of International Relations for a long time. The main reason for this ignorance is that the discipline of International Relations has followed the major paradigm - secularization thesis - in social sciences until recently. This resulted in ignorance of religion as an explanatory factor in International Relations. However, this situation has recently started to change. Beginning from 1990s, the role of religion in international relations has started to be reexaminedand secularization theory has started to be criticized. On the other hand, religion has started to be regarded as a tool for peacebuilding, at the same time. In addition to its contribution to conflicts and wars, religion is increasingly seen as a potential tool for peaceful cooperation
and inter-religious dialogue is becoming a part of diplomacy and conflict resolution policies. Within this context, interfaith dialogue is a case which shows the extent of the change in the discipline of IR regarding the role of religion. This thesis aims to make a comprehensive discussion on the historical and contemporary relation between religion and international relations by focusing on the role of interfaith dialogue, specifically dialogue initiatives within the EU and the UN. The dialogue projects of these institutions and their relation with security-driven policies are examined. Thus, the main concern of this study is to raise a question about the role of interfaith dialogue, especially the one proposed by the institutions above, in transforming the role of religion in international relations.
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Montemaggi, Francesca. „In search of authenticity : the religiosity of Christian evangelicals“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/53519/.
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The dominant theories in the sociological literature identify religion with propositional belief in the transcendent and belonging to and attendance at religious services. This understanding of religion replicates a past Protestant model that fails to account for contemporary religious forms, including Protestant forms. Drawing on Georg Simmel, one of the fathers of sociology, the thesis makes a theoretical contribution by reinterpreting and systematising Simmel’s notions of religiosity as a sensitivity, and of belief as trust, to enhance the understanding of contemporary individual religious identity. The use of these notions and of Simmel’s nuanced perspective on individuality enables the development of a theoretical framework for the understanding of authenticity. The study focuses on individual religiosity, which has been largely neglected by the literature. The most influential theories that have paid attention to the role of the individual – rational choice theory and spirituality studies – have centred on individual self authority and neglected to conceptualise the self. Accordingly, the thesis provides a relational account of the self, on which to ground authenticity as a process of identity formation. The narratives and practices, which emerged from the empirical research, have revealed the construction of Christianity through the prism of authenticity, as a distinctive and ‘truer’ way of living. This construction of authentic Christianity testifies to a shift from doctrinal adherence to a more pluralistic discourse by emphasising an overarching ethics of compassion over exclusive claims to truth. Thus, pluralism offers Christian evangelicals the platform to articulate the particularistic tradition of Christianity, whilst retaining a claim to – what they understand to be – universal truth.
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Abras, Ahmad. „Competing institutional logics in Islamic financial reporting standardisation : a comparative study“. Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22322/.
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Recognising the accounting implications of Islamic business principles, initiatives have been taken to develop a framework that primarily aims to serve the financial reporting needs of Islamic financial industry. Those initiatives started with the objective of developing separate Islamic accounting standards. However, they have ended up with significantly heterogeneous objectives. Employing Institutional Logics Perspective (ILP) as a theoretical framework and case-study approach as a research design, this study provides comparative accounts into the role of selected institutional logics (religion, profession, market, community and state) in shaping two Islamic financial reporting standardisation projects initiated by the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB). Moreover, utilising ILP supplemented by remarks from the institutional entrepreneurship concept, this study examines the role of actors in initiating and then differently shaping the standardisation policies of these projects. Research findings informed by semi-structured interviews and document analysis indicate that Islamic financial reporting standardisation projects have been historically mapped by certain institutional logics. The dominance of those logics has experienced significant changes over time, resulting in subsequent changes in the standardisation strategies of those projects. Influential actors have also played an important role in shaping those projects through promoting certain organisational strategies in line with the institutional logics in which they are embedded This study concludes that the heterogeneity which AAOFI and MASB have shown in their standardisation strategies is attributed to: the relative dominance of certain logics in each institutional context; the centrality of those logics to organisational mission and goals; the extent to which prevailing institutional logics are represented within the organisation and the balance of power between different logics' representatives; and the extent to which actors have been able to promote their entrepreneurial vision and mobilise allies behind it.
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Cristante, Nevio. „History, Religion, Power, And Authority: The Relevance Of Machiavelli“. Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609638/index.pdf.
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Machiavelli&rsquos uniqueness and originality renders his educational direction as pertinent for times and conditions that are similar to and prevalent in ours. On the grand scale, his thought process disrupts the classical sense of philosophy, metaphysics, and religion. This disruption of the classical Western consciousness is an aim in the contemporary realm of political thought, which, starting with the extensive criticism of modernity found in the works of Nietzsche, has been developed in the realm of political thought throughout the twentieth and onto the twenty-first century. Therefore, Machiavelli &ndash
who lived 500 years ago &ndash
is nevertheless the source for productive knowledge, analysis, and prognosis for the contemporary political crisis, a crisis due to the downfall of modernity. The presupposition of latter-day modernity, as being considered the best of all possible worlds, is no longer believable. Modernity, what was once considered as being utterly unique and superior in human history, is responded to today by critiques on class domination, Western imperialism, the dissolution of community and tradition, the rise of alienation, and the impersonality of bureaucratic power. Machiavelli supplants the dominant modern consciousness through being a source for a new artistic revolution, a revolution of consciousness through a humane call for strength in facing reality, in order to re-constitute a divergent set of epistemological and ontological discoveries, which are better aligned to the condition of the present-day than those formulated by the dominant Western modern consciousness.
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Mbillah, Charity Lamisi. „Prosperity gospel and adherent social mobility in Ghana“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8552/.
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In Ghana Neo-charismatic Churches are non-denominational mainly indigenously founded churches that propagate the Prosperity Gospel to their followers. Drawing on a symbolic interaction framework this study explores adherent (church member) perspectives on how they construct the link between the Prosperity Gospel and their own prosperity (social mobility). Symbolic interaction concepts of symbols, meanings and reflected appraisals are employed in the analysis. In all six symbolic categories: the mainstream, automatic, transcendent, pragmatic, founding father and member networks plus fifteen symbolic constructions arising from these categories are identified. These symbolic categories and constructions are employed in the meanings that adherents attribute to social mobility, the actions that they engage in and in the formation of their self-concepts through reflected appraisals. The analysis shows that these categories and constructions inform adherent attitudes and actions towards social mobility.
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Salter, Emma. „Rāj Bhakta Mārg : the path of devotion to Srimad Rajcandra : a Jain community in the twenty first century“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2002. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9211/.
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This thesis is a diachronic study of a branch of modern Jainism that was established at the beginning of the twentieth century. It makes extensive use of ethnographic data collected during field-research in Gujarat, Mumbai (India) and London (UK). Members of this branch of Jainism follow a Jain layman from Gujarat called Srimad Rajcandra (1867 to 1901 CE). Srimad was profoundly dissatisfied with contemporary Jainism. He believed that its soteriological message had been subverted by empty rituals and groundless theorizing, and that spiritual ignorance had resulted in sectarian division, something to which he vehemently opposed. Today there are numerous ashrams and temples dedicated to Srimad. Most are in Gujarat, from where the majority of his followers originate, but some are also found in other regions of India. Srimad's following extends beyond India into diaspora Jain communities in North America and Europe, including Britain. This thesis argues that Srimad's devotees are unified by an inclusive history and ideology that is centred in the life and teachings of Srimad Rajcandra, and so can be viewed collectively as a distinct movement within modern Jainism. Two tangible factors that distinguish Srimad's followers from other Jains are their acceptance of his writings (in Gujarati) as scripture and their veneration of his image in the form of photographs and statues. Such an argument is necessary because the structure of the Srimad Rajcandra movement is fragmentary. It is a composite of various disparate, autonomous lay communities and individuals. Each community has its own local history and independent tradition, which influence its specific beliefs and practices. This thesis discusses the internal causes for the movement's organizational structure. These include Srimad's lay status and anti-sectarian values, his interpretation of self realisation as a religious experience, and his teaching about guru 'bhakti' as a means of attaining liberation.
Bücher zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
1
Belzen, J. A. van. Psychology of Religion: Autobiographical Accounts. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.
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Pickel, Gert. Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989 – 2010. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012.
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3
Asian religions, technology and science. New York: Routledge, 2015.
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4
Religion and politics. London: Routledge, 2021.
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Religion in society: A sociology of religion. 5. Aufl. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1996.
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Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in society: A sociology of religion. 6. Aufl. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2001.
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Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in society: A sociology of religion. 4. Aufl. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.
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8
McGrath, Alister E. Science and religion: An introduction. 2. Aufl. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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9
Belief in God in an age of science. New Haven, CT: Yale Nota Bene, 2003.
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10
Cipriani, Roberto. Sociology of Religion: An Historical Introduction. 2. Aufl. Milton: Taylor and Francis, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
1
Lazega, Emmanuel, und Tom A. B. Snijders. „General Conclusion“. In Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, 355–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1_15.
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Beek, Wouter E. A. Van. „7. Cultural Anthropology and the many Functions of Religion“. In The Social Sciences, herausgegeben von Frank Whaling, 265–78. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110859805-008.
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Johannessen, Jon-Arild, und Bjørn Olsen. „General considerations“. In How to Write Conceptual Papers in the Social Sciences, 21–29. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003457091-4.
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Thomas, Keith, und Mauro Baranzini. „Session IV: History — Social Sciences“. In Truth in Science, the Humanities and Religion~, 89–115. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9896-3_5.
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Acosta, Juan Carlos, Rodrigo Gómez Alés, Graciela Blanco, Paula C. Escudero und Luciano J. Avila. „General Ecology of Patagonian Lizards“. In Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia, 293–334. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42752-8_11.
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Hayashi, Takashi. „General Equilibrium with Many Goods“. In Microeconomic Theory for the Social Sciences, 231–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3541-0_17.
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Fisher, David, Sandra Price und Terry Hanstock. „1. General social science information sources“. In Information Sources in the Social Sciences, herausgegeben von David Fisher, Sandra Price und Terry Hanstock, 1–45. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110949322-004.
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Dinham, Adam, Alp Arat und Martha Shaw. „Religion and belief in university teaching and learning“. In Religion and Belief Literacy, 103–12. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447344636.003.0007.
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This chapter addresses the role of religion and belief in university teaching and learning. In some subjects, of course, religion is simply a topic of relevance, as in history and in religious studies itself. In others, it is a cultural legacy to be decoded and understood. In others again, it embodies the opposite of the rational, scientific method that predominates in higher education, and in relation to which practically all other disciplines have cut their teeth. As such, it is an utter irrelevance. In some cases, this produces hostility against all religious ideas. This is likely to feel painful for some students, who can feel uncomfortable when hearing lecturers be rude or offensive about their beliefs or about belief in general. In the social sciences, unlike race, gender, or sexual orientation, religion has rarely been a variable. The question of the place of religion and belief in university disciplines was explored in the project Reimagining Religion and Belief for Policy and Practice. The study analysed nine arts, humanities, and social science disciplines, including anthropology, cultural studies, geography, philosophy, religious studies, social policy, social work, sociology, and theology.
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Sun, Anna. „Counting Confucians through Social Scientific Research“. In Confucianism as a World Religion. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691155579.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the long-standing problem of identifying Confucians in China (and East Asia in general) through social science research methods—a problem deeply rooted in the nineteenth-century conceptualization of Confucianism and the overall classification of Chinese religions. It investigates different types of empirical data—national censuses and surveys—from Mainland China, as well as from Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, in order to answer two questions. First is about whether “Confucianism” is a category in religious classifications in these East Asian countries and regions; the second asks about how many people are counted as “Confucians” in China.
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Hasin, Dr Masuda. „A FEW ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES: THEIR CELEBRATION AND THE MUSLIM PEOPLE OF DHUBRI DISTRICT“. In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 23, 34–38. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjso23ch5.
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Generally, the doctrines, precepts and practices of Islam are universal. But often, the beliefs and practices of the Muslims are found to be vary from place to place depending on the circumstances in which the people of the respective place were converted to Islam resulting in considerable difference regarding socio-cultural activities i.e. customs, beliefs and practices of the Muslims residing in different parts of India as well as in that of Assam. This paper aims at describing some of the very important Islamic religious festivals, ceremonies and customs followed and observed by the Muslim people of Dhubri district of Assam. Objectives: A few objectives of writing this paper are given below :- 1. To describe analytically how geographic dimensions had greatly influenced the socio-cultural and religious aspects of the Muslim people of Dhubri District. 2. To find out how tradition has tremendous impact on the people of Muslim community in Dhubri district. 3. To trace some of the rational criteria of Islam religion of the Muslim people of the whole world in general and that of Dhubri district in particular. Methodology: The methodology used here is rational, empirical and analytical.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
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Kovaleva, M. V., und O. V. Mikhailov. „Search for Ways to overcome the Crisis by Representatives of Russian Religious Thought“. In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-61.
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The crisis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries affected different countries and different aspects of social life, which was inevitable both due to geographical proximity and cultural, economic, political and other intersections. Addressing the topic of the sociocultural crisis was characteristic of both Russian and Western European philosophers of the early 20th century. The author in the article refers to the understanding of its features and ways to overcome it in the context of the ideas of Russian religious philosophers. An integral feature of Russian philosophical thought in the context of assessing the ongoing social changes and the search for ways out of a crisis situation is an understanding of the special purpose of Russia and an awareness of its role in human history. The works of Russian philosophers are full of anxiety about the future of mankind, about the fate of Russia, a premonition of possible death, therefore it is no coincidence that the appeal to the theme of the Apocalypse, the impending catastrophe, the end of history is perceived as a real threat to the existence of mankind. With all the diversity of approaches to assessing the sociocultural crisis, Russian thinkers are united by common philosophical roots, religion, national and cultural traditions. In the context of understanding the crisis processes of the early twentieth century, Russian religious thinkers raise the question of the role and significance of a person in the transformation of life, thereby actualizing the moral and anthropological problems.
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Pospisilova, Helena. „ROLE OF GENERAL ATTITUDES IN PHILOSOPHY, VALUES, MORALS AND RELIGION IN EXPERIENCING LEISURE AND CHOICE OF LEISURE ACTIVITIES“. In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.3/s12.089.
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Mohammed, D. BELARBI. „THE MYTHOLOGICAL TENDENCY AMONG ARAB HISTORIANS“. In I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-14.
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This research deals with the phenomenon of mythological tendency among Arab historians in the Middle Ages. The ancient Arabs contributed to writing history: the history of human events. They also contributed to writing other aspects of history, such as the history of cities, as Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi did in his History of Baghdad, or as Ibn Al-Khatib did in his briefing on the news of Granada. He also dated the Arabs for kings, messengers, and scholars. Hence, history in its various aspects is a cognitive obsession and a scientific preoccupation that the Arabs have known and written extensively about. As for general history, many historians have worked on it, perhaps the most famous of whom are Ibn Jarir al-Tabari 310 AH - 923 AD, Al-Masudi 346 AH - 956 AD, Al-Maqrizi 845 AH - 1442 AD, and others. In this research, we will attempt to study the legendary mythological tendency in the historical writing of Al-Tabari and Al-Masudi, a tendency that permeated the history of these two historians. Al-Tabari was famous for his book The History of the Messengers and Kings or The History of Nations and Kings, as we find in other versions. In which, Al-Tabari tried to narrate the history of the world since the appearance of man on Earth, drawing his information from his culture and religious sources. Hence, his cosmic history is closer to religious history than to human history. He relies on religious texts such as the Qur’anic text and Hadith texts, and he does not hesitate to mention the myths of other nations. Which explains the history of the origin of the universe and the appearance of creation on Earth, and he formulates it in his beautiful foundry style so that it appears as if it were of his own making.
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Luparenko, Svitlana. „THE SOCIAL AND CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE (THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY)“. In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s07.074.
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The article presents the characteristics of the social and charitable activities of religious organizations in Eastern Europe (Western Ukraine and Poland) during the first half of the 20th century. Based on the archival and scientific sources as well as a set of methods (general scientific methods (synthesis and analysis of historical, educational and cultural sources), historical and structural method, comparative method, retro-praxisymmetric method, problem-targeted method), the directions of the social and charitable activities of the religious organizations are revealed. These directions include taking measures to strengthen children�s health (the examinations of children�s health, carrying out vaccinations, implementation of special medical care for babies, expansion of the network of medical institutions for children: dispensaries, sanatoriums, vacation homes); satisfying the financial needs of children, which included: providing them with food, financial and material assistance (money, things, medicine, etc.); organization of social work with orphans and children deprived of parental care, which included registration of children, establishment and maintenance of social institutions, patronage, identification of the reasons for child neglect and prevention of these cases, etc. The types of social institutions have been determined. They are boarding-type institutions (orphanages, shelters), part-time institutions (kindergartens and zachoronky), special institutions (for disabled children), �American kitchens� for the homeless, consultations for mothers etc. The types of orphans in social institutions have been determined. They are natural orphans, half-orphans, social orphans and psychological orphans. The significant role of the religious organizations and the clergymen in solving social problems has been revealed.
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Vizjak, Maja, Marina Peric Kaselj und Katica Jurcevic. „THE COVID PANDEMIC AND THE ECONOMIC MIGRATION OF DOCTORS THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC CROATIA“. In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s13.115.
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Human capital is the primary driver of change in the modern knowledge society. The migration of healthcare workers is a "brain drain" of highly qualified individuals. Healthcare workers are currently among the most sought-after and mobile occupations in the EU. The global trend of open borders and free movement of goods, people and capital is an important determinant of growth and development, which developed countries have already recognized at the expense of less developed ones. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the volume of migration, which is not insignificant, and the long-term consequences are negative for society and the economy. There are numerous reasons for economically motivated migration, and there are three main groups of problems that need to be solved urgently in order to stop further emigration. The departure was primarily motivated by problems caused by general social and political circumstances, as well as dissatisfaction with the general state and socio-political climate in the country. Reasons for dissatisfaction are low wages and living standards, dissatisfaction with the organization and management of the state, hopelessness and deterioration of regions, cities, society and people, corruption and crime, religious intolerance and nationalism in the absence of positive changes in the state. An increasing number of young people are leaving their homelands in search of a "better life", and without them the progress of the country is impossible. What is worrying is the youthful pessimism that already prevails in the attitudes of young people towards issues of political and economic progress and social development. Croatia is currently one of the three EU countries with the largest number of emigrating healthcare workers. In its Report for Croatia for 2018, the European Commission stated that spending on healthcare in Croatia is stagnating, while spending across the EU is growing [2]. Healthcare expenditures in Croatia were among the lowest in the European Union; they amounted to only 760 euros per inhabitant in 2015 and are lower only in Romania, Latvia and Bulgaria. Furthermore, total healthcare spending in Croatia has remained stable since 2011, and the vast majority of EU member states have been spending more on healthcare in recent years, which is usually attributed to increasing costs for technological advances in medicine and an aging population. Healthcare is still underfunded and over-indebted. Since regular sources of financing are not sufficient to cover all costs, the system accumulates outstanding debts that are eventually settled with one-time transfers from the state budget. The scientific contribution of this work is to point out the shortcomings in the system and offer possible solutions.
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Kovaleva, M. V. „The Theme of Cultural Crisis by Representatives of Russian Religious Thought of the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries (on the Example of the Works of S.N. Bulgakov and N.A. Berdyaev)“. In General question of world science. General question of world science, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-15-10-2022-05.
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Dynamic changes in Russian social life in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the elimination of its rigid ideological framework influenced the development of our society. The turning points were not limited to economic and political changes. There was a radical change in the worldview paradigm, which, accordingly, influenced the content of ideals, values, life-sense attitudes, and rules of social interaction. The rearrangement of the components of the spiritual and semantic core of culture at the end of the 1990s testified to a crisis in this area. It was the crisis processes in culture that predetermined the further search for its adequate interpretation and, in this regard, aroused tremendous research interest in its genesis, structure, driving forces and internal potential. Undoubtedly, attention to this phenomenon is also connected with the fact that culture in modern conditions is becoming the dominant social force. No social phenomenon can take place outside of culture and independently of it. This means that cardinal changes in society entail changes in the system of its norms and values, i.e. cultural change, and conversely, change in culture is necessarily accompanied by a shift in the social field. Regulating interpersonal interactions, cultural systems, first of all, semantic complexes (ideas, norms, values) constitute any social phenomenon. Accordingly, in modern philosophy, interest in culture as a factor in creative life and social development is becoming more acute. At the beginning of the 20th century, in the extremely specific conditions of “Russian life”, representatives of Russian religious philosophy directed their creative search to comprehending the essence of culture and determining ways out of the crisis. In this regard, it seems relevant to appeal to the ideas of such philosophers as S.N. Bulgakov, N.A. Berdyaev, who comprehend the fate of Russian culture and put forward a number of provisions that determine the understanding of this phenomenon. In line with the assessment of culture as a factor in social life order, the topic is relevant, which highlights the problematic field of analysis outlined by representatives of Russian religious philosophy of the late XIX - early XX centuries. This is the understanding of culture as a specific holistic organism, as a way of familiarizing a person with the spiritual essence of the world, as a value space oriented towards ideals. This is a deep faith in culture, its interpretation as a means of spiritual life, in which the personal beginning of a person is revealed. At the beginning of the 20th century, the selfdetermination of Russian religious philosophy took place in the context of an appeal to the spiritual heritage, including the religious one. And already self-determined as such, Russian religious thought reflects on the state of national culture. One of the most popular problems of the beginning of the 20th century is the problem of the cultural crisis. The religious concept of culture is inherent in the desire to comprehend the essence of culture in order to open the way from a crisis state to renewal and cultural revival. The Russian thought of this period is distinguished by the breadth of its consideration of the theme of the crisis: from theoretical and historical-cultural analysis to sharp socio-philosophical journalism. The concept of the crisis of culture, developed by Russian religious philosophers, is the basis of their own philosophy of culture. Representatives of this trend focus their creative search on determining ways out of the crisis, therefore, addressing this issue in the presence of a tendency to overcome the cultural crisis that began in Russian society at the end of the 19th century is also relevant. It should be noted that the identified problems, the topics developed by Russian religious philosophers of the late XIX - early XX century are polemical both in theoretical terms and in the context of the realities of modern Russian culture. Is culture a space of absolute values? Is it possible to truly understand culture in detachment from social pragmatics? Why should human activity necessarily be associated with ideals and values? Should a philosophical approach to understanding culture be based on historical realities? Is it possible to identify the concept of culture as a whole with spiritual culture? What is a crisis - cultural exhaustion or being without cultural orientation? The answers to these and many other questions, one way or another touched upon by representatives of this trend, no doubt introduce new aspects into the philosophical vision of culture, enrich modern cultural and philosophical knowledge and, which is very important, contribute to an in-depth understanding of Russian cultural processes of the new millennium.
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Kamat, Jeanne Brennan. „Religion and Identity“. In 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.314.
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Pachkova, Petya. „Religion and universal values“. In 2nd International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Belgrade: Center for Open Access in Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.02.12133p.
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Marma, U. Chai ching. „Comparative studies of religion“. In 3rd International Conference on New Findings in Humanities and Social Sciences. ACAVENT, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3hsconf.2018.09.06.
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Zhu, Wenbo. „Discourse on Time and Religion“. In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences in the 21st Century. GLOBALKS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.ics21.2021.07.19.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Social sciences -> religion -> general"
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Rancans, Elmars, Jelena Vrublevska, Ilana Aleskere, Baiba Rezgale und Anna Sibalova. Mental health and associated factors in the general population of Latvia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rīga Stradiņš University, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/0mqsi9.
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Description The goal of the study was to assess mental health, socio-psychological and behavioural aspects in the representative sample of Latvian general population in online survey, and to identify vulnerable groups during COVID-19 pandemic and develop future recommendations. The study was carried out from 6 to 27 July 2020 and was attributable to the period of emergency state from 11 March to 10 June 2020. The protocol included demographic data and also data pertaining to general health, previous self-reported psychiatric history, symptoms of anxiety, clinically significant depression and suicidality, as well as a quality of sleep, sex, family relationships, finance, eating and exercising and religion/spirituality, and their changes during the pandemic. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was used to determine the presence of distress or depression, the Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale was used to assess suicidal behaviour, current symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. (2021-02-04) Subject Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Keyword: COVID19, pandemic, depression, anxiety, suicidality, mental health, Latvia
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Research, Gratis. Bioethics: The Religion of Science. Gratis Research, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.02.
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Bioethics is a study of the typically controversial ethics which are brought about by the advances in life sciences and healthcare, ranging from the debates over boundaries of life to the right to reject medical care for religious or social reasons
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.
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Oosterhoff, Pauline, und Raudah M. Yunus. The Effects of Social Assistance Interventions on Gender, Familial and Household Relations Among Refugees and Displaced Populations: A Review of the Literature on Interventions in Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.011.
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This literature review aims to explore the evidence on the effects of social assistance on gender, familial, and household relations and power dynamics among refugees and (internally) displaced populations in Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon. It examines the findings from an intersectional gender perspective allowing the authors to build on the knowledge of ‘what works’ in interventions in general and hopefully improve gender equality and social inclusion. Out of 1,564 papers initially identified and screened, 22 were included in the final stage. A question that emerged as the papers were analysed was whether the arduous work of targeting individuals was efficient or necessary, given that the available evidence suggests that beneficiaries generally tend to share their stipend with other family members for the collective good. Most studies tended to conflate gender with women and girls – making distinctions between widowed, married, unmarried and divorced women – but ignoring other dimensions such as class, health status, religion, ethnicity, education, prior work experience, political affiliation, and civil participation. Many programmes and research fail to disaggregate data. Social assistance programmes focus on individuals and households, with little attention to the wider context and overall conflict. Most studies paid negligible attention to familial infrastructures and strategies for sustainable interventions. Access to, and use of, cash transfers are part of broader familial strategies to mobilise or increase resources including, for example, (male) migration in pursuit of remittances, or (female) dependency on ‘community charity’. Short-term cash transfers can, in some circumstances, disrupt individuals’ and families’ access to more sustainable income or ‘charity’. Thus, important questions are raised about the purpose of social assistance: does it aim to preserve or transform families through targeting?
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Manning, Nick, und Mariano Lafuente. Leadership and Capacity Building for Public Sector Executives: Proceedings from the 2nd Policy and Knowledge Summit between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Februar 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007965.
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This discussion paper summarizes the proceedings at the Second China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit, focusing on leadership and capacity building for public sector executives. The event, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Inter-American Development Bank, was held in Beijing and Shanghai, China in 2015. The paper discusses practices related to the management and training of public executives in China, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Peru, and provides a general context for these practices in OECD and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The Summit identified common challenges among the countries, despite the obvious differences in terms of size and history, such as finding a balance between political neutrality and technical capacity and ensuring high ethical standards to address low citizen trust in the public sector.
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Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.
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This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.
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Attansio, Orazio, und Debbie Blair. Structural modelling in policymaking. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cip9.
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Structural modelling, that is the use of behavioural models to add a framework to the decision problem of an agent, is a useful yet underused tool in evaluation. This paper provides a general introduction to structural modelling, as well as an overview of other commonly used evaluation techniques in Economics and other social sciences. It then goes on to show with three key case studies, how structural models can be used to enrich the findings from randomised control trials. The case studies cover a wide range of policy questions: examining demand for health products in Kenya, incentivising teachers to attend school in India, and evaluating conditional cash transfers for education in Mexico. The case studies show how structural models add to our understanding of the mechanisms behind a given treatment effect, how the findings may change when the policy is rolled out under different circumstances, as well as allowing for the evaluation of different policies that were not originally trialled. The common pitfalls of structural models are discussed, with guidance provided throughout on how to conduct sensitivity analysis and model validation. It is hoped that this paper will persuade other researchers to use structural models, in conjunction with randomised control trials, that will lead to improved evaluation results, a deeper understanding of important problems, and better informed policymaking in the future.
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McFadden, Alison, Camila Biazus-Dalcin und Nicole Vidal. Evaluation of a Gypsy/Traveller Community Health Worker service: Final Report. University of Dundee, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001300.
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This report evaluates the two-year Community Health Worker (CHW) service in Scotland delivered by a third sector organisation, Minority Ethnic Carers of People Project (MECOPP), which provided training to Gypsy/Travellers to advocate for their community on health and social care issues. The service, which was created as part of the Scottish Government and COSLA's joint action plan to address inequalities faced by Gypsy/Travellers , was designed with the intention to improve their health and wellbeing. Funding for the service was secured by The Scottish Public Health Network and the Directorate for Chief Medical Officer. The evaluation was conducted by the Mother and Infant Research Unit (MIRU) at the School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, and covered the initial two-year period from August 2021 to August 2023. There has been extensive evidence showing that Gypsy/Travellers residing in the UK tend to face significant health disparities, resulting in outcomes that are not as favourable as those of the general population and other similarly disadvantaged groups. Gypsy/Travellers face high rates of homelessness, inadequate education, unemployment, poverty, and regular experiences of racism and discrimination . This profoundly affects their mental health and overall well-being. Additionally, the potential for lack of trust between Gypsy/Travellers and healthcare professionals impacts health seeking behaviour and health service provision, as there are also barriers in accessing responsive health services and preventative care interventions. Evidence indicates that community-based lay roles can improve healthcare access, reduce costs, and promote knowledge exchange between communities and health services through trusted individuals . This project aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Gypsy/Traveller CHW service, including barriers and facilitators, and make recommendations for its future scale-up. Objectives included describing the roles and activities of the CHWs, exploring the acceptability and feasibility of the service, identifying implementation barriers and facilitators, describing any modifications made, and examining the perceived benefits and disadvantages of the CHW service.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.